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1 RIVER
sírë (stream), also \#sirya (attested in dual form siryat). (LT1:248/262 also gives nen, while LT1:260 gives celusindi; LT1:265 gives sindi; these may not be valid words in LotR-style Quenya.) The word hlóna (marked by a query by Tolkien) was to designate "a river, especially given to those at all seasons full of water from mountains". Regarding the conceptual validity of the word nuinë, –duinë (cognate of Sindarin duin as in Anduin), see nuinë in the Quenya-English wordlist. RIVER-[?FEEDING] WELL (Tolkien's gloss is not certainly legible) lón, lónë (pl. lóni given) (deep pool). RIVULET siril; MOUTH OF RIVER etsir –SIR, VT47:11, VT48:27, 28, 30-31, ET -
2 DAY
aurë (sunlight; Etym gives arë, ari- instead). The word aurë is defined as “a day (of light), a day of special meaning or festival”; allative aurenna “upon the day” (VT49:45). Cf. also: arya (= 12 daylight hours; notice however that the word arya is assigned other meanings in late material), ré (= 24 hours, counted from sunset to sunset, allative rénna in VT49:45), sana (= also 24 hours, but this “Qenya” term clashes with a later demonstrative “that”), DAYTIME arië, EARLY DAY †amaurëa (dawn), DAYLIGHT: LT1:254 gives calma, but this word is defined "lamp" in LotR. LAST DAY OF YEAR quantien, FIRST DAY (meaning obscure, possibly first day of year) minyen. (In the entry YEN of the Etymologies as printed in LR, minyen is seemingly glossed both "first day" and "first year", but according to VT46:23, only "first day" is correct.) DAYSPRING tuilë –AR1/VT45:6, Silm:229/234/439, LotR:1141, LT1:250, MC:223, YEN -
3 QUEEN
tári (gen. tário and dative tárin are also attested, the latter in the Elaine inscription). Vocative tarinya *"my Queen", UT:179. LT1:260 gives turinqui "queen", while LT1:273 gives vardi, but these are hardly valid words in LotR-style Quenya. QUEEN OF STARS (Varda's title) Elentári (so in LotR and Silm; Etym has also Tinwetári, Tinwetar, Tinwerontar); QUEEN OF THE EARTH Kementári (a title of Yavanna) –TĀ/LT1:264/Nam/RGEO:67, Silm:55/437/30 -
4 THAT
(1) (demonstrative): tana (an adjectival word, VT49:11; in one version of the language also tanya, as in tanya wendë "that maiden", MC:215-16). Also yana with meaning “the former” (e.g. *loa yana “that year” referring to a former year). Adj. OF THAT SORT taitë; IN THAT WAY tanen; THAT MATTER tama. Also see THIS regarding the word talumë “at this [or, that] time”. –TA, YA, VT49:11, 18 (2) (pronoun) ta, also translated “it”. (Notice that in some versions of the language, Tolkien wanted ta to be a plural pronoun “they, them” used of non-living things. See the various entries on ta in the Quenya-English wordlist.) Sa, normally translated “it”, is also defined as “that” in one source. IT IS THAT náto, IT IS NOT THAT uito. –VT49:11, TA, VT49:18, 28 (3) (relative pronoun "who, which, that"). According to VT47:21, the relative pronoun is ye with reference to a person (*i Elda ye tirnen "the Elf who/that I watched"), plural i (e.g. *Eldar i... "Elves that..."). The impersonal relative pronoun ("that = which") is ya (e.g. *i parma ya hirnen "the book that/which I found"), pl. presumably *yar (*i parmar yar... "the books that..."). This gives a system with great symmetry, but Tolkien also used i in a singular sense, in the sentence i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa "the One who is [or, that is] above all thrones", though i is indeed plural in i carir quettar ómainen "those who [or, those that] form words with voices". A relative pronoun ya *"which" is found in the "Arctic" sentence; a long variant yá also occurs in the corpus (VT43:27-28). Case-forms: The plural locative of ya is attested as yassen "in which" in Nam (sg. *yassë), the genitive and ablative forms of ye are attested as yëo and yello respectively in VT47:21, and the same source gives ion and illon as the corresponding plural forms. –VT47:21, WJ:391, UT:305, 317, Arct(4) (conjunction, as in "I know that you are here") i, cf. the sentence savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo “I believe Elessar really existed and that he was a king of Gondor” (VT49:27). In one version of early “Qenya”, this conjunction appeared as ne instead (PE14:54). -
5 ALAS
(interj.) ai (ah) (Etym also gives a word nai, but this clashes with nai "be it that" in Namárië.); also orro or horro as an "exclamation of horror, pain, disgust: ugh, alas! ow!" –Nam/RGEO:66, NAY, VT45:17 -
6 ALIVE
cuina; BEING ALIVE (noun not adj) cuilë (life) (LT1:257 gives coina, coirëa; see LIVING) –KUY -
7 ARM
ranco (stem *rancu-, pl. ranqui) (LT2:335 gives rá [there spelt râ], but this is apparently rendered obsolete by a later word in Tolkien’s conception: In Etym, rá is glossed "lion".) TRUNCATED ARM, see STUB, STUMP. –RAK -
8 BALROG
Valarauco (pl. Valaraucar, possibly reflecting an alternative form *Valarauca) (so in the Silmarillion – in Etym the Quenya form of Sindarin balrog is malarauco, while LT1:250 gives Malcaraucë) –Silm:35/425/439, RUK -
9 BEARD
fanga (obsoleting vanga in GL:21; GL:34 has fangë "long beard", whereas GL:63 gives poa. Neo-Quenya writers should use fanga.) –SPÁNAG -
10 BEECH
feren, fernë (pl. ferni in both cases) (LT2:343 gives neldor "beech", but this early word may be obsolete in LotR-style Quenya.) –PHER -
11 BRANCH
*olva (PM:340 actually gives olba, a form that can only occur in the variant of Quenya that uses lb for lv). Etym has olwa, but probably this should also be *olva according to the phonology Tolkien used later (notice that the w of the Etym form is to be derived from older b, since the root is GÓLOB; later Tolkien apparently presupposed that older lb becomes either lv or is preserved as lb in Quenya). TRUNCATED BRANCH, see STUB, STUMP. –PM:340, GÓLOB -
12 BROAD
– LT2:338 gives a word aica "broad, vast", but this is probably obsoleted by aica "sharp, fell, terrible, dire" in later writings. -
13 CREST
(of wave) wingë (wingi-) (foam, spindrift). LT1:256 gives ormë "crest, summit", but in Tolkien's later Quenya ormë means "wrath, haste, violence, rushing". CRESTED WAVE, WAVE-CREST falma –WIG/LT1:273, PHAL, VT42:15 -
14 DECIMAL SYSTEM
(in counting) maquanotië. Another source gives a word for "decimal system" as caistanótië, incorporating caista "10th", but since Tolkien later decided that the initial sound of words having to do with "10" should be qu- rather than c-, we must apparently read *quaistanótië. But maquanótië (a form requiring no changes) may be preferred. –VT47:10, VT48:11 -
15 DEMON
rauco (pl. \#raucar, isolated from Valaraukar (Valaraucar) "Balrogs". LT1:250 gives araukë; WJ:415 has rauco and arauco, defined as "a powerful, hostile, and terrible creature".) See also ORC. –RUK, Silm:436, WJ:415 -
16 DOOM
manar, mandë (final end, fate, fortune, final bliss); umbar- (umbart-) (fate). See below concerning *anan in Rithil-Anamo. In the story of Túrin Turambar, it seems that ambar means "doom": Turambar is said to mean "Master of Doom", and Nienor even uses the word in the instrumental case: ambartanen "by doom". Similarly, LT2:348 gives ambar "Fate". But in Etym, ambar means "earth", and LotR Appendix E confirms that "fate" is umbar. DOOM RING Máhanaxar (a foreign word in Quenya, adopted and adapted from Valarin, also translated as:) Rithil-Anamo "Ring of Doom", name of the place where judgement was passed in Valinor (hence Anamo as genitive "of Doom", nominative probably *anan with stem anam-, otherwise but less likely *anama – this seems to be "doom" in the sense of judgement or juridical justice, since the root is NAM as in nam- "to judge"). –MAN/MANAD, MBARAT/VT45:5, Silm:261, 269, LotR:1157, WJ:399, WJ:401 -
17 DWARF
Nauco (pl. Naucor is attested; LT1:261 gives nauca instead of nauco), Norno (Naucalië, Nornalië = the whole people of the Dwarves) Casar (pl. Casari or Casári; partitive plural Casalli; the whole people of the Dwarves being called Casallië. According to WJ, Casar – Quenyaized form of Dwarvish Khazâd – "was the word most commonly used in Quenya for the Dwarves". Nauco "stunted one" and norno "thrawn one" are less polite words for "dwarf"; yet norno is stated to be "the more friendly term". But the Dwarves themselves would definitely prefer Casar.) PETTY-DWARVES Picinaucor, Pitya-naucor (lit. *"small dwarves"), Attalyar (lit. "Bipeds"). DWARROWVAULT Casarrondo (Khazad-dûm) –NAUK, WJ:388, 389 -
18 EARTH
cemen (soil). (Note: at the time Tolkien wrote Etym, he thought of cemen as the genitive of cén, but later cemen evidently became the nominative form, as it had been in earlier writings [LT1:257]. In Silm:433, it is said that cemen [kemen] refers to "the Earth as a flat floor beneath menel, the heavens". LT1:257, reproducing early material, also has cemi "earth, soil, land" and Kémi "Mother Earth".) Locative cemendë "on earth" in VT43:17. HEAVEN AND EARTH Menel Cemenyë (VT47:11). EARTH-QUEEN Kementári (Yavanna's title); EARTHEN, OF EARTH cemna. (LR:363 gves "kemina", but according to VT45:19, this is a misreading for "kemna" in Tolkien's manuscript.) EARTH (= world) Ambar (world) (Tolkien equated Ambar with Oikoumene, a Greek word denoting "world" considered as "the inhabited world of Men". But ambar also seems to mean "doom", q.v. MR:337 (cf. WJ:419) has Imbar instead of Ambar; the literal meaning of both words is said to be "habitation") EARTH-DWELLERS –LT2:343 gives indi, rendered "earthdwellers" and said to be another word for "men", but this is hardly a valid word in LotR-style Quenya. –KEM/Silm:433/LT1:257/VT44:34, MBAR cf. Letters:283 or SD:409 -
19 END
(noun) metta, mentë, tyel (stem tyeld- as in the pl. tyeldi, misread as "tyelde" in the printed Etymologies; see VT45:25), tyelma, telu; THE ENDING OF THE WORLD Ambar-metta, ambarmetta; END (vb) tele- (intransitive) (finish – so in WJ:411; LT1:267 gives telu-), tyel- (cease), PUT AN END TO metya-, HAVE SOME END IN VIEW mína- (desire to go in some direction, wish to go to a place, make for it) –LotR:1003/VT44:36, MET, LT1:267, WJ:411, KYEL/VT45:25, VT39:11 -
20 EYRIE
sornion (Þ) (lit. gen.pl "of eagles"?). –LT1:266. (LT1:251 gives ëaren, but this is hardly a valid word in LotR-style Quenya [see EAGLE])
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