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1 German patent
патент ФРГ
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[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > German patent
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2 German Patent
Полимеры: германский патент -
3 German Patent
Polymers: GP -
4 German Patent and Trade Mark Office
Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > German Patent and Trade Mark Office
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5 German Patent Office
(GPO) < jur> ■ Deutsches Patentamt n (DPA) -
6 German claim
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7 Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt
Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt n (DPMA) PAT, RECHT German Patent and Trade Mark Office* * *n (DPMA) <Patent, Recht> German Patent and Trade Mark OfficeBusiness german-english dictionary > Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt
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8 Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt
German Patent and Trademark Office (GPTO)Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch > Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt
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9 Zuse, Konrad
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 22 June 1910 Berlin, Germany[br]German civil engineer who developed a series of computers before, during and after the Second World War.[br]Zuse grew up in Braunsberg, then in East Prussia, and attended the Technische Hochschule at Berlin-Charlottenburg to study civil engineering. In 1934 he became interested in calculatingmachines and the pursuit of a career in aeronautical engineering. Two years later, having taken a post as a statistician, in his spare time he built a mechanical computer, which he called Z1; for this he used two-state mechanical switches and punched-tape for the program input. This was followed by the design for Z2, which used electromechanical relays.Called to military service in 1939, he was soon sent to the Henschel aircraft factory, where he completed Z2. Between 1939 and 1941 the German Aeronautical Research Institute supported his development of Z3, which used 2,600 relays and a keyboard input. Taken into immediate use by the aircraft industry, both it and its predecessors were destroyed in air raids. Z4, completed towards the end of the war and using mechanical memory, survived, and with improvements was used in Switzerland until 1960. Other achievements by Zuse included a machine to perform logical calculations (LI) and his Plankalkul, one of the first computer languages. In 1950, with two friends, he formed the Zuse KG company near Bad Hersfeld, Essen, and his first Z5 relay computer was sold to Leitz in 1952. A series of machines followed, a milestone in 1958 being the first transistorized machine, Z22, of which over 200 were made. Finally, in 1969, the company was absorbed by Siemens AG and Zuse returned to scientific research.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Doctorate Berlin Technical University 1960. Honorary Professor Göttingen University 1960.Bibliography11 April 1936, German patent no. Z23 1391X/42M. 16 June 1941, German patent no. Z391.1 August 1949, German patent no. 50,746.1993, The Computer: My Life, Berlin: SpringerVerlag (autobiography).Further ReadingP.E.Ceruzzi, 1981, "The early computers of Konrad Zuse 1935–45", Annals of the History of Computing 3:241.M.R.Williams, 1985, A History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.See also: Stibitz, George R.KF -
10 Meisenbach, Georg
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 1841 Nuremberg, Germanyd. 12 December 1912 Munich, Germany[br]German engraver, inventor of the first commercially exploitable halftone printing process.[br]Trained in Nuremberg as a copper-plate engraver, Meisenbach moved to Munich in 1873 and established the first zincographic engraving business in Germany. In 1879 he began experimenting with halftone reproductions and in May 1882 he took out a German patent which described a single-line screen made from the proof of an engraved plate ruled with lines. The screen was then placed before a photographic positive of a picture and the two were photographed together. Approximately half-way through the exposure the screen was turned 90 degrees so that the lines crossed. A halftone negative was thus produced, from which could be made a zinc printing block. The full details of the process were not revealed in the patent so that trade competition would be limited. It was the first commercially practicable halftone process. Ill health forced Meisenbach to retire from the business in 1891, by which time his process was being superseded by Ives's cross-line process.[br]BibliographyMay 1882, German patent no. 22,444 (halftone printing process). 1882, British patent no. 2,156.Further ReadingJ.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E.Epstean, New York.G.Wakeman, 1973, Victorian Book Illustration (a popular account of the introduction of halftone to England).JW -
11 DPMA
DPMA (Abk. für Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt) PAT, RECHT German Patent and Trade Mark Office* * *abbr (Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt) <Patent, Recht> German Patent and Trade Mark Office -
12 Flechsig, W.
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]fl. c.1938 Germany[br]German engineer notable for early patents that foreshadowed the development of the shadowmask colour cathode ray tube.[br]In 1938, whilst working for a German electrical company, Flechsig filed a patent in which he described the use of an array of stretched parallel wires to control the landing of either one or three electron beams on separate red, green and blue phosphor stripes within a single cathode ray tube. Whilst the single-beam arrangement required subsidiary deflection to alternate the beam landing angle, the three-beam version effectively used the wires to "mask" the landing of the electron beams so that each one only illuminated the relevant colour phosphor stripes. Although not developed at the time, the concept anticipated the subsequent invention of the shadowmask tube by RCA in the early 1950s and, even more closely, the development of the Sony Trinitron some years later.[br]Bibliography1938, German patent no. 736, 575.1941, French patent no. 866, 065.Further ReadingE.W.Herold, 1976, "A history of colour television displays", Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 64:1,331.K.G.Freeman, "The history of colour CRTs. A personal view", International Conference on the History of Television, Institution of Electrical Engineers Publication no. 271, p.38.KF -
13 Beau de Rochas, Alphonse Eugène
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 1815 Franced. 1893 France[br]French railway engineer, patentee of a four-stroke cycle engine.[br]Renowned more for his ideas on technical matters than his practical deeds, Beau de Rochas was a prolific thinker. Within a few years he proposed a rail tunnel beneath the English Channel, a submarine telegraph, a new kind of drive for canal boats, the use of steel for high-pressure boilers and a method of improving the adhesion of locomotive wheels travelling the Alps.The most notable of Beau de Rochas's ideas occurred in 1862 when he was employed as Ingenieur Attaché to the Central de Chemins. With remarkable foresight, he expressed the theoretical considerations for the cycle of operations for the now widely used four-stroke cycle engine. A French patent of 1862 lapsed with a failure to pay the annuity and thus the proposals for a new motive power lapsed into obscurity. Resurrected some twenty years later, the Beau de Rochas tract figures prominently in patent litigation cases. In 1885, a German court upheld a submission by a German patent lawyer that Otto's four-stroke engine of 1876 infringed the Beau de Rochas patent. It remains a mystery why Beau de Rochas never emerged at any time to defend his claims. In France he is regarded as the inventor of the four-stroke cycle engine.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsSociété d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale, prize of 3000 francs, 1891.Bibliography1885, The Engineer 60:441 (an English translation of the Beau de Rochas tract).Further Reading1938, Bulletin de la Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale 137:209–39. 1962, Document pour l'histoire des techniques Cahier no. 2: pp. 3–42.B.Donkin, 1900, The Gas, Oil and Air Engine, London: p. 467.See also: Langen, EugenKABBiographical history of technology > Beau de Rochas, Alphonse Eugène
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14 Otto, Nikolaus August
[br]b. 10 June 1832 Holzhausen, Nassau (now in Germany)d. 26 January 1891 Cologne, Germany[br]German engineer, developer of the four-stroke internal combustion engine.[br]Otto's involvement in internal combustion engines was first prompted by his interest in Lenoir's coal-gas engine of 1860. He built his first engine in 1861; in 1864, Otto's engine came to the attention of Eugen Langen, who arranged for the capital to set up the world's first engine company, N.A.Otto and Company, in Cologne. In 1867 the Otto- Langen free-piston internal combustion engine was exhibited at the Paris Exposition, where it won the gold medal. The company continued to expand, and five years after the Paris triumph its name was changed to the Gasmotoren Fabrik; amongst Otto's colleagues at this time were Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach .Otto is most famous for the development of the four-stroke cycle which was to bear his name. He patented his version of this in 1876, although the principle of the four-stroke cycle had been patented by Alphonse Beau de Rochas fourteen years previously; Otto was the first, however, to put the principle into practice with the "Otto Silent Engine". Many thousands of Otto fourstroke engines had already been built by 1886, when a German patent lawyer successfully claimed that Otto had infringed the Beau de Rochas patent, and Otto's patent was declared invalid.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMédaille d'or, Paris Exposition 1867 (for the Otto-Langen engine).Further Reading1989, History of the Internal Combustion Engine, Detroit: Society of Automotive Engineers.I.McNeil (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London and New York: Routledge, 306–7.IMcN -
15 Nipkow, Paul Gottlieb
[br]b. 22 August 1860 Lauenburg, Pommern (now Lebork, Poland)d. 24 August 1940 Berlin, Germany[br]Polish electrical engineer who invented the Nipkow television scanning disc.[br]In 1884, while still a student engineer, Nipkow patented a mechanical television pick-up device using a disc with a spiral of twenty-four holes rotating at 600 rpm in front of a selenium cell. He also proposed a display on an identical synchronous disc in conjunction with a light-modulator based on the Faraday effect. Unfortunately it was not possible to realize a working system at the time because of the slow response of selenium cells and the lack of suitable electronic-sig-nal amplifiers; he was unable to pay the extension fees and so the patent lapsed. Others took up the idea, however, and in 1907 pictures were sent between London and Paris by wire. Subsequently, the principle was used by Baird, Ives, and Jenkins.For most of his working life after obtaining his doctorate, Nipkow was employed as an engineer by a company that made railway-signalling equipment, but his pioneering invention was finally recognized in 1934 when he was made Honorary President of the newly formed German Television Society.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, German Television Society 1934.Bibliography1884, German patent no. 30,105 (Nipkow's pioneering method of television image-scanning).Further ReadingR.W.Hubbell, 1946, 4,000 Years of Television, London: G.Harrap \& Co.KF -
16 патент ФРГ
патент ФРГ
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[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > патент ФРГ
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17 Welte, Edwin
SUBJECT AREA: Recording[br]b. 1876 Germanyd. after 1925[br]German instrument maker who developed piano-music recording methods for reproducing pianos.[br]He was the third generation of the Freiburg (Germany) firm of M.Welte \& Soehne, music box and orchestrion manufacturers, founded in 1832, and was made a partner in 1901. He was the driving force behind the development and refinement of the reproducing piano, which had an upper-class market from 1905 to c. 1925. With his partner and brother-in-law Karl Bockisch, he also developed recording methods that made it possible to distribute perforated paper rolls representing a reasonably accurate representation of the performance of famous soloists. This is a principle for recording and replay that is totally different from the mechanical recording principle, and at that time the quality was generally regarded as higher than that of mechanical reproduction. However, because of the possibilities of editing, the source value may be less certain. Welte's contribution was the first commercial use of a coded representation of live performances. The Welte patents were licensed to several other player-piano manufacturers.[br]BibliographyGerman patent no. 162,708 (controlling the dynamics of reproduction).Further ReadingQ.D.Bowers, 1972, Encyclopedia of Automatic Musical Instruments, New York: Vestal Press, pp. 319–38 (a good if somewhat uneven account of the Welte involvement in the reproduction of recorded sound).GB-N -
18 GP
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Glyco Protein, семейный врач (сокр. General Practitioner)2) Компьютерная техника: General Protection, Graphic Panel3) Авиация: глиссада4) Медицина: врач общей практики, семейный врач (General Practitioner), терапия (general practice), гуттаперча, gram-positive, терапевт5) Американизм: General Public, Good Politics6) Спорт: Game Percentages, Game Player, Games Played, Girl Pilots, Good Practice, Grand Prix, Grand Prize, Guest Pass7) Военный термин: gas, persistent, general provisions, general-purpose, general-purpose bomb, geographic point, geographical position, geostationary platform, government property, gross payload, ground pods, guard post, guidance package, gun pointer, gun position8) Техника: gang printer, gating pulse, general procedure, general-purpose processor, generic project, geometric processor, geometric programming, giant pulse, glide path transmitter, goal programming, graphic plotter, grid pulse, ground plate, ground protective relay, group processor, guided probe, power gain9) Шутливое выражение: Girl Power, Glow Person, Gross People10) Химия: Gas Phase, Glucose Precursor11) Математика: геометрическая прогрессия (geometric progression), целевое программирование (goal programming)12) Юридический термин: Gross Profiteering13) Бухгалтерия: Guide Price, gross profit, валовая прибыль (gross profit)14) Биржевой термин: General Partnership15) Грубое выражение: Girl Parts16) Металлургия: zone17) Политика: Guadeloupe18) Сокращение: French Guadeloupe, Gallup Poll, General Practitioner, Great Powers, Guided Projectile, General Purpose (RR engines, origin of Jeep), ground-protective (relay)19) Университет: Grade Points, Greek Power20) Физиология: Gas Permeable contact lens21) Вычислительная техника: Generative Programming, game port, gang punch, generalized programming, General Purpose (RR engines and origin of Jeep, Railroading, Automobile), игровой порт, обобщённое программирование, общая защита, универсальный22) Нефть: gas pay, gasoline plant, gradient pore of formation, газобензиновая установка (gasoline plant), газоносный коллектор (gas pay), давление по манометру (gage pressure), манометрическое давление, газобензиновый завод (gasoline plant)23) Картография: guide post24) Фирменный знак: Government Furnished Property25) СМИ: Gamers Press, Great Performances26) Деловая лексика: Group Purchase27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Gas & Power, gauge port, global practice, gun perforator, Gas28) Образование: Good P29) Полимеры: German Patent, gaseous propellant, gauge pressure30) Контроль качества: generalized Poisson (distribution)31) Пластмассы: General Purpose32) Химическое оружие: General Physics, Incorporated33) Расширение файла: Gas Plasma, Geode parameter file (Geoworks), Gofer project (Haskell language dialect)35) Фантастика Galaxy Police36) Имена и фамилии: Gordon Peterson37) Должность: Grand Pa, Grazed Pontiffs, Guinea Pig38) Правительство: Glacier Point39) NYSE. Georgia Pacific Corporation -
19 Gp
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Glyco Protein, семейный врач (сокр. General Practitioner)2) Компьютерная техника: General Protection, Graphic Panel3) Авиация: глиссада4) Медицина: врач общей практики, семейный врач (General Practitioner), терапия (general practice), гуттаперча, gram-positive, терапевт5) Американизм: General Public, Good Politics6) Спорт: Game Percentages, Game Player, Games Played, Girl Pilots, Good Practice, Grand Prix, Grand Prize, Guest Pass7) Военный термин: gas, persistent, general provisions, general-purpose, general-purpose bomb, geographic point, geographical position, geostationary platform, government property, gross payload, ground pods, guard post, guidance package, gun pointer, gun position8) Техника: gang printer, gating pulse, general procedure, general-purpose processor, generic project, geometric processor, geometric programming, giant pulse, glide path transmitter, goal programming, graphic plotter, grid pulse, ground plate, ground protective relay, group processor, guided probe, power gain9) Шутливое выражение: Girl Power, Glow Person, Gross People10) Химия: Gas Phase, Glucose Precursor11) Математика: геометрическая прогрессия (geometric progression), целевое программирование (goal programming)12) Юридический термин: Gross Profiteering13) Бухгалтерия: Guide Price, gross profit, валовая прибыль (gross profit)14) Биржевой термин: General Partnership15) Грубое выражение: Girl Parts16) Металлургия: zone17) Политика: Guadeloupe18) Сокращение: French Guadeloupe, Gallup Poll, General Practitioner, Great Powers, Guided Projectile, General Purpose (RR engines, origin of Jeep), ground-protective (relay)19) Университет: Grade Points, Greek Power20) Физиология: Gas Permeable contact lens21) Вычислительная техника: Generative Programming, game port, gang punch, generalized programming, General Purpose (RR engines and origin of Jeep, Railroading, Automobile), игровой порт, обобщённое программирование, общая защита, универсальный22) Нефть: gas pay, gasoline plant, gradient pore of formation, газобензиновая установка (gasoline plant), газоносный коллектор (gas pay), давление по манометру (gage pressure), манометрическое давление, газобензиновый завод (gasoline plant)23) Картография: guide post24) Фирменный знак: Government Furnished Property25) СМИ: Gamers Press, Great Performances26) Деловая лексика: Group Purchase27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Gas & Power, gauge port, global practice, gun perforator, Gas28) Образование: Good P29) Полимеры: German Patent, gaseous propellant, gauge pressure30) Контроль качества: generalized Poisson (distribution)31) Пластмассы: General Purpose32) Химическое оружие: General Physics, Incorporated33) Расширение файла: Gas Plasma, Geode parameter file (Geoworks), Gofer project (Haskell language dialect)35) Фантастика Galaxy Police36) Имена и фамилии: Gordon Peterson37) Должность: Grand Pa, Grazed Pontiffs, Guinea Pig38) Правительство: Glacier Point39) NYSE. Georgia Pacific Corporation -
20 gp
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Glyco Protein, семейный врач (сокр. General Practitioner)2) Компьютерная техника: General Protection, Graphic Panel3) Авиация: глиссада4) Медицина: врач общей практики, семейный врач (General Practitioner), терапия (general practice), гуттаперча, gram-positive, терапевт5) Американизм: General Public, Good Politics6) Спорт: Game Percentages, Game Player, Games Played, Girl Pilots, Good Practice, Grand Prix, Grand Prize, Guest Pass7) Военный термин: gas, persistent, general provisions, general-purpose, general-purpose bomb, geographic point, geographical position, geostationary platform, government property, gross payload, ground pods, guard post, guidance package, gun pointer, gun position8) Техника: gang printer, gating pulse, general procedure, general-purpose processor, generic project, geometric processor, geometric programming, giant pulse, glide path transmitter, goal programming, graphic plotter, grid pulse, ground plate, ground protective relay, group processor, guided probe, power gain9) Шутливое выражение: Girl Power, Glow Person, Gross People10) Химия: Gas Phase, Glucose Precursor11) Математика: геометрическая прогрессия (geometric progression), целевое программирование (goal programming)12) Юридический термин: Gross Profiteering13) Бухгалтерия: Guide Price, gross profit, валовая прибыль (gross profit)14) Биржевой термин: General Partnership15) Грубое выражение: Girl Parts16) Металлургия: zone17) Политика: Guadeloupe18) Сокращение: French Guadeloupe, Gallup Poll, General Practitioner, Great Powers, Guided Projectile, General Purpose (RR engines, origin of Jeep), ground-protective (relay)19) Университет: Grade Points, Greek Power20) Физиология: Gas Permeable contact lens21) Вычислительная техника: Generative Programming, game port, gang punch, generalized programming, General Purpose (RR engines and origin of Jeep, Railroading, Automobile), игровой порт, обобщённое программирование, общая защита, универсальный22) Нефть: gas pay, gasoline plant, gradient pore of formation, газобензиновая установка (gasoline plant), газоносный коллектор (gas pay), давление по манометру (gage pressure), манометрическое давление, газобензиновый завод (gasoline plant)23) Картография: guide post24) Фирменный знак: Government Furnished Property25) СМИ: Gamers Press, Great Performances26) Деловая лексика: Group Purchase27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Gas & Power, gauge port, global practice, gun perforator, Gas28) Образование: Good P29) Полимеры: German Patent, gaseous propellant, gauge pressure30) Контроль качества: generalized Poisson (distribution)31) Пластмассы: General Purpose32) Химическое оружие: General Physics, Incorporated33) Расширение файла: Gas Plasma, Geode parameter file (Geoworks), Gofer project (Haskell language dialect)35) Фантастика Galaxy Police36) Имена и фамилии: Gordon Peterson37) Должность: Grand Pa, Grazed Pontiffs, Guinea Pig38) Правительство: Glacier Point39) NYSE. Georgia Pacific Corporation
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