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1 слой в геологическом разрезе
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > слой в геологическом разрезе
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2 слой в геологическом разрезе
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > слой в геологическом разрезе
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3 goudveld
n. gold field, geological layer of gold, deposit of gold in the Earth -
4 пласт
2) Geology: aquifer, benk, contact bed, lentil, packet, sheet deposit, stratum, vein (редко)3) Military: flake5) Agriculture: furrow slice, seam (отрезаемый плугом)7) Railway term: strata8) Architecture: ply9) Mining: bank10) Forestry: surface11) Oil: blanket, delf, footing (на который опирается башмак обсадной колонны), fossiliferous bed, geological horizon, lay, shelf (породы), bench, couplet13) Geophysics: geologic horizon, horizon, slab14) Ecology: peat stratum (торфа)15) Petrography: zone17) Sakhalin energy glossary: fluid unit (в модели), inactive block (в модели, т.е. где нет фильтрации), inactive layer (в модели, т.е. где нет фильтрации), series, stratus (St), suite18) Oil&Gas technology reservoir19) Polymers: nappe20) Makarov: band, bench (угля), block, decke, pay, seam (напр. месторождения угля) -
5 слой
1) General subject: coat, coating (краски и т. п.), coating (краски и т.п.), fiber, fibre, flake, layer, plier, ply, region (атмосферы), strata (общества), stratum3) Medicine: panniculus (ткани), sheet, stratum (pl strata), thickness4) Obsolete: nation5) Military: (покрышки) ply6) Engineering: barrier (в полупроводнике), coat (покрытие), coating (покрытие), course (покрытия), fold, lamella, lay, mat, patch, scuff resisting layer, shell, slice, thickness (напр. ткани), zone (древесины)7) Agriculture: (гидро) damp course9) Construction: course (гравия и т. п.), (налагаемый) lay (напр. краски), ply (напр. фанеры), stratum (грунта), tier, shift10) Mathematics: class (Markov chains), director space, leaf, stalk12) Law: group14) Architecture: lay (штукатурки или краски)15) Mining: lift (при слоёвой выемке с закладкой), seam, shelving, slice (при слоевой выемке), strip, water packer17) Forestry: damp course (гидро)изолирующий, lamina (напр. древесины), strand18) Metallurgy: course, course (футеровки)19) Polygraphy: (тонкий) film21) Oil: bed (катализатора), stratum (породы)22) Astronautics: lamina, lamination24) Geophysics: geologic horizon25) Mechanic engineering: film27) Ecology: horizon28) Welding: pass (многослойного шва)29) Sakhalin energy glossary: stratus30) Oil&Gas technology valve31) Microelectronics: plating32) Polymers: veneer33) Automation: bedding, ply (напр. конвейерной ленты)35) Oceanography: apron37) Cables: ply (многослойного материала)38) Makarov: backing, bank, bed (напр. частиц катализатора), binder, coat (напр. копировальный, эмульсионный), coating (краски), element (об-ва), lamina (напр древесины), lamina (постоянной толщины и плотности), lay (штукатурного раствора, краски), ledge, mounting, ply (материала), ply (многослойного материала, напр. стеклопластика, фанеры), ply (напр. картона), pool (ртутный), range (общества), ring, section (населения), sheet (воды, снега и т.п.), slab (толстый параллельный)39) Building materials: ct. (грунтовки, лакокрасочного покрытия - сокр. от coat)40) Cosmetology: tissue (to form new tissue- формировать новые слои) -
6 горизонт
1) General subject: horizon, perspective, sea-line (в море), skyline2) Geology: B horizon, C horizon, adit level, aquifer, bedding rock (в почвоведении), bedrock (в почвоведении), elevation (воды), gallery, geological position, plane3) Naval: sea line4) Engineering: apparent horizon, skyline (линия горизонта), visible horizon5) Mining: datum line, level, lift, skyline (на поверхности земли)6) Cinema: cyclorama7) Oil: bed, floor, horizon (нефтеносности)8) Astronautics: table9) Geophysics: interface10) Petrography: zone11) Oil&Gas technology layer, stratum12) Sakhalin R: horizon (геол.)13) Makarov: circle of the horizon, floor (почвенный), observer horizon (в космологии), sweep14) Gold mining: reference level (имеется в виду по отношению к эталонному горизонту, т.е. либо к уровню моря, либо к поверхности)15) oil&gas: formation16) Karachaganak: production zone -
7 слой
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8 Lucas, Anthony Francis
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 9 September 1855 Spalato, Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary (now Split, Croatia)d. 2 September 1921 Washington, DC, USA[br]Austrian (naturalized American) mining engineer who successfully applied rotary drilling to oil extraction.[br]A former Second Lieutenant of the Austrian navy (hence his later nickname "Captain") and graduate of the Polytechnic Institute of Graz, Lucas decided to stay in Michigan when he visited his relatives in 1879. He changed his original name, Lucie, into the form his uncle had adopted and became a naturalized American citizen at the age of 30. He worked in the lumber industry for some years and then became a consulting mechanical and mining engineer in Washington, DC. He began working for a salt-mining company in Louisiana in 1893 and became interested in the geology of the Mexican Gulf region, with a view to prospecting for petroleum. In the course of this work he came to the conclusion that the hills in this elevated area, being geological structures distinct from the surrounding deposits, were natural reservoirs of petroleum. To prove his unusual theory he subsequently chose Spindle Top, near Beaumont, Texas, where in 1899 he began to bore a first oil-well. A second drill-hole, started in October 1900, was put through clay and quicksand. After many difficulties, a layer of rock containing marine shells was reached. When the "gusher" came out on 10 January 1901, it not only opened up a new era in the oil and gas business, but it also led to the future exploration of the terrestrial crust.Lucas's boring was a breakthrough for the rotary drilling system, which was still in its early days although its principles had been established by the English engineer Robert Beart in his patent of 1884. It proved to have advantages over the pile-driving of pipes. A pipe with a simple cutter at the lower end was driven with a constantly revolving motion, grinding down on the bottom of the well, thus gouging and chipping its way downward. To deal with the quicksand he adopted the use of large and heavy casings successively telescoped one into the other. According to Fauvelle's method, water was forced through the pipe by means of a pump, so the well was kept full of circulating liquid during drilling, flushing up the mud. When the salt-rock was reached, a diamond drill was used to test the depth and the character of the deposit.When the well blew out and flowed freely he developed a preventer in order to save the oil and, even more importantly at the time, to shut the well and to control the oil flow. This assembly, patented in 1903, consisted of a combined system of pipes, valves and casings diverting the stream into a horizontal direction.Lucas's fame spread around the world, but as he had to relinquish the larger part of his interest to the oil company supporting the exploration, his financial reward was poor. One year after his success at Spindle Top he started oil exploration in Mexico, where he stayed until 1905, when he resumed his consulting practice in Washington, DC.[br]Bibliography1899, "Rock-salt in Louisiana", Transactions of the American Institution of Mining Engineers 29:462–74.1902, "The great oil-well near Beaumont, Texas", Transactions of the AmericanInstitution of Mining Engineers 31:362–74.Further ReadingR.S.McBeth, 1918, Pioneering the Gulf Coast, New York (a very detailed description of Lucas's important accomplishments in the development of the oil industry).R.T.Hill, 1903, "The Beaumont oil-field, with notes on other oil-fields of the Texas region", Transactions of the American Institution of Mining Engineers 33:363–405;Transactions of the American Institution of Mining Engineers 55:421–3 (contain shorter biographical notes).WK -
9 водная эрозия
водная эрозия
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water erosion
The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. (Source: ALL)
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > водная эрозия
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