gelu

gĕlum, i, n., and gĕlus, ūs, m. (nom. gelu, n., Prisc. 658 P.; but only found in Liv. ap. Non. 207, 30, a corrupt passage; and freq. in Vulg., e. g. Dan. 3, 69;

Zach. 14, 6: gelum,

Lucr. 6, 877; Varr. R. R. 1, 45, 2; gen. geli, Lucr. 5, 205 al.; nom. gelus, Att. ap. Prisc. 6, p. 685 P.; cf. Non. 208, 1, Fragm Trag. v. 390 Rib.; Afran. ap. Non. 207, 32, Com. Fragm. v. 106 Rib.; Cato, R. R. 40, 4 al.; acc. gelum, m., Cat. Orig. 2, Fragm. 30; abl. gelu, m., Mela, 3, 5 ext.; Flor. 4, 12, 18; Plin. Pan. 12) [root gal-, to be bright; whence gelaô, to laugh (cf. kumatôn gelasma, Aesch. Pr. 90); gala, milk; galênê, calm; cf.: lac, glacies; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 172], icy coldness, frost, cold (cf.: pruina, glacies, rigor).

In gen.:

praeusti artus, nive rigentes nervi, membra torrida gelu,

Liv. 21, 40, 9:

nec ventus fraudi, solve geluve fuit, Ov. de Nuce, 106: et maris adstricto quae coit unda gelu,

id. Tr. 2, 196:

altitudo gelūs,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103:

geluque Flumina constiterint acuto,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 3:

rura gelu tum claudit hiems,

Verg. G. 2, 317:

horrida cano Bruma gelu,

id. ib. 3, 442; Stat. Th. 5, 392.—

In partic., coldness, chill produced by death, old age, fright, etc. (cf. gelidus, II.; poet.):

pectora pigro Stricta gelu,

Luc. 4, 653:

sed mihi tarda gelu saeclisque effeta senectus,

Verg. A. 8, 508; Sen. Troad. 624.

conceal

celu

frost, chill, cold

gĕlum, i, n., and gĕlus, ūs, m. (nom. gelu, n., Prisc. 658 P.; but only found in Liv. ap. Non. 207, 30, a corrupt passage; and freq. in Vulg., e. g. Dan. 3, 69;

Zach. 14, 6: gelum,

Lucr. 6, 877; Varr. R. R. 1, 45, 2; gen. geli, Lucr. 5, 205 al.; nom. gelus, Att. ap. Prisc. 6, p. 685 P.; cf. Non. 208, 1, Fragm Trag. v. 390 Rib.; Afran. ap. Non. 207, 32, Com. Fragm. v. 106 Rib.; Cato, R. R. 40, 4 al.; acc. gelum, m., Cat. Orig. 2, Fragm. 30; abl. gelu, m., Mela, 3, 5 ext.; Flor. 4, 12, 18; Plin. Pan. 12) [root gal-, to be bright; whence gelaô, to laugh (cf. kumatôn gelasma, Aesch. Pr. 90); gala, milk; galênê, calm; cf.: lac, glacies; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 172], icy coldness, frost, cold (cf.: pruina, glacies, rigor).

In gen.:

praeusti artus, nive rigentes nervi, membra torrida gelu,

Liv. 21, 40, 9:

nec ventus fraudi, solve geluve fuit, Ov. de Nuce, 106: et maris adstricto quae coit unda gelu,

id. Tr. 2, 196:

altitudo gelūs,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103:

geluque Flumina constiterint acuto,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 3:

rura gelu tum claudit hiems,

Verg. G. 2, 317:

horrida cano Bruma gelu,

id. ib. 3, 442; Stat. Th. 5, 392.—

In partic., coldness, chill produced by death, old age, fright, etc. (cf. gelidus, II.; poet.):

pectora pigro Stricta gelu,

Luc. 4, 653:

sed mihi tarda gelu saeclisque effeta senectus,

Verg. A. 8, 508; Sen. Troad. 624.

gĕlum, i, n., and gĕlus, ūs, m. (nom. gelu, n., Prisc. 658 P.; but only found in Liv. ap. Non. 207, 30, a corrupt passage; and freq. in Vulg., e. g. Dan. 3, 69;

Zach. 14, 6: gelum,

Lucr. 6, 877; Varr. R. R. 1, 45, 2; gen. geli, Lucr. 5, 205 al.; nom. gelus, Att. ap. Prisc. 6, p. 685 P.; cf. Non. 208, 1, Fragm Trag. v. 390 Rib.; Afran. ap. Non. 207, 32, Com. Fragm. v. 106 Rib.; Cato, R. R. 40, 4 al.; acc. gelum, m., Cat. Orig. 2, Fragm. 30; abl. gelu, m., Mela, 3, 5 ext.; Flor. 4, 12, 18; Plin. Pan. 12) [root gal-, to be bright; whence gelaô, to laugh (cf. kumatôn gelasma, Aesch. Pr. 90); gala, milk; galênê, calm; cf.: lac, glacies; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 172], icy coldness, frost, cold (cf.: pruina, glacies, rigor).

In gen.:

praeusti artus, nive rigentes nervi, membra torrida gelu,

Liv. 21, 40, 9:

nec ventus fraudi, solve geluve fuit, Ov. de Nuce, 106: et maris adstricto quae coit unda gelu,

id. Tr. 2, 196:

altitudo gelūs,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103:

geluque Flumina constiterint acuto,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 3:

rura gelu tum claudit hiems,

Verg. G. 2, 317:

horrida cano Bruma gelu,

id. ib. 3, 442; Stat. Th. 5, 392.—

In partic., coldness, chill produced by death, old age, fright, etc. (cf. gelidus, II.; poet.):

pectora pigro Stricta gelu,

Luc. 4, 653:

sed mihi tarda gelu saeclisque effeta senectus,

Verg. A. 8, 508; Sen. Troad. 624.

con-cresco, crēvi, crētum, 3 ( inf. perf. sync. concresse, Ov. M. 7, 416), v. n., to grow together; hence with the prevailing idea of uniting, and generally of soft or liquid substances which thicken; to harden, condense, curdle, stiffen, congeal, etc. (very freq., and class. in prose and poetry).

Prop.:

concrescunt semina (opp. extenuantur),

Lucr. 4, 1261; 6, 626; cf.:

concrescunt subitae currenti in flumine crustae,

Verg. G. 3, 360;

opp. liquere,

Cic. Univ. 14: rigido concrescere rostro Ora videt, to stiffen into a hard beak. Ov. M. 5, 673; cf.:

Aconteus Gorgone conspectā saxo concrevit oborto,

id. ib. 5, 202 (cf. also saxoque oculorum induruit umor, id. ib. 5, 233):

quo pacto pluvius concrescat in altis Nubibus umor,

Lucr. 6, 495; cf. id. 6, 250:

imbres gelidis concrescunt ventis,

Ov. M. 9, 220:

(aqua) neque conglaciaret frigoribus neque nive pruināque concresceret, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 26:

gelidus concrevit frigore sanguis,

Verg. A. 12, 905:

cum lac concrevit,

Col. 7, 8, 3; cf. Ov. M. 12, 436: concretos sanguine crines, stuck together or clotted, Verg. A. 2, 277; cf.:

concreta sanguine barba,

Ov. M. 14, 201.—With in and acc.:

crystalli modo glaciari et in lapidem concrescere,

harden into, Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 161; cf.:

aër... tum autem concretus in nubis cogitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101.—

Meton.

To take form, to grow, increase:

de terris terram concrescere parvis,

Lucr. 1, 840:

terrā in ipsā taetro concrescere odore bitumen,

id. 6, 807; Verg. E. 6, 34; cf.:

indagatio initiorum unde omnia orta, generata, concreta sint,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69; 1, 24, 56:

valles, quae fluminum alluvie et inundationibus concreverint,

Col. 3, 11, 8.—With ex:

omne corpus aut aqua aut aër aut ignis aut terra est, aut id quod est concretum ex aliquā parte eorum,

composed, formed of, Cic. N. D. 3, 12, 30; so id. ib. 3, 14, 34; Tac. A. 13, 57.—

Trop.:

illud funestum animal, ex nefariis stupris, ex civili cruore concretum (al. conceptum),

Cic. Pis. 9, 21. —

(Con intens.) To grow strong, to rise by growing, etc. (so very rare):

(lana) quanto prolixior in pecore concrescit, tanto, etc.,

Col. 7, 3, 10 (but in Lucr. 5, 833, the best reading is clarescit; v. Lachm.).—Hence, concrētus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.), grown together, concrete, compound, condensed, hardened, thick, hard, stiff, curdled, congealed, clotted, etc. (class.):

dubitare non possumus quin nihil sit animis admixtum, nihil concretum, nihil copulatum, nihil coagmentatum, nihil duplex,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; 1, 27, 66:

aër crassus et concretus,

id. ib. 1, 18, 42; Lucr. 1, 1018; 5, 467 sq.:

aër (opp. fusus, extenuatus),

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101; cf.:

pingue et concretum esse caelum,

id. Div. 1, 57, 130:

umores (opp. acres),

id. N. D. 2, 23, 59:

spuma,

Ov. M. 4, 537:

lac,

Verg. G. 3, 463:

in sanguine,

Ov. M. 13, 492:

mare,

Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 104:

nix concreta pruinā,

Lucr. 3, 20:

concreta et durata glacies,

Liv. 21, 36, 8; cf.:

concreta frigora canā pruinā,

stiffened by the hoary frost, Verg. G. 2, 376:

gelu,

Curt. 8, 4.— Poet., of light: cum claram speciem concreto lumine luna abdidit, thick, i. e. dimmed, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18:

nanus et ipse suos breviter concretus in artus,

shortened, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 41:

dolor,

benumbing, tearless, Ov. P. 2, 11, 10.— Subst.: concrētum, i, n., firm or solid matter:

species quaedam deorum, quae nihil concreti habeat, nihil solidi,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 75.—Esp. (sc. gelu), hard or stiff frost:

nec semine jacto Concretum patitur radicem adfigere terrae,

Verg. G. 2, 318 Rib. Forbig.; cf. Hildebr. ad App. M. 1, p. 455. (By others concretum is made acc. of 2. concretus. The common reading is concretam, sc. gelu, the root stiffened by frost; cf. Forbig. ad loc.)— Comp.:

semen concretius,

Lucr. 4, 1240:

spuma lactis concretior,

Plin. 11, 41, 96, § 239: ossa concreta, t. t., solid bones, i. e. without marrow, id. 7, 18, 18, § 78.— Sup. and adv. not in use.

con-cresco, crēvi, crētum, 3 ( inf. perf. sync. concresse, Ov. M. 7, 416), v. n., to grow together; hence with the prevailing idea of uniting, and generally of soft or liquid substances which thicken; to harden, condense, curdle, stiffen, congeal, etc. (very freq., and class. in prose and poetry).

Prop.:

concrescunt semina (opp. extenuantur),

Lucr. 4, 1261; 6, 626; cf.:

concrescunt subitae currenti in flumine crustae,

Verg. G. 3, 360;

opp. liquere,

Cic. Univ. 14: rigido concrescere rostro Ora videt, to stiffen into a hard beak. Ov. M. 5, 673; cf.:

Aconteus Gorgone conspectā saxo concrevit oborto,

id. ib. 5, 202 (cf. also saxoque oculorum induruit umor, id. ib. 5, 233):

quo pacto pluvius concrescat in altis Nubibus umor,

Lucr. 6, 495; cf. id. 6, 250:

imbres gelidis concrescunt ventis,

Ov. M. 9, 220:

(aqua) neque conglaciaret frigoribus neque nive pruināque concresceret, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 26:

gelidus concrevit frigore sanguis,

Verg. A. 12, 905:

cum lac concrevit,

Col. 7, 8, 3; cf. Ov. M. 12, 436: concretos sanguine crines, stuck together or clotted, Verg. A. 2, 277; cf.:

concreta sanguine barba,

Ov. M. 14, 201.—With in and acc.:

crystalli modo glaciari et in lapidem concrescere,

harden into, Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 161; cf.:

aër... tum autem concretus in nubis cogitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101.—

Meton.

To take form, to grow, increase:

de terris terram concrescere parvis,

Lucr. 1, 840:

terrā in ipsā taetro concrescere odore bitumen,

id. 6, 807; Verg. E. 6, 34; cf.:

indagatio initiorum unde omnia orta, generata, concreta sint,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69; 1, 24, 56:

valles, quae fluminum alluvie et inundationibus concreverint,

Col. 3, 11, 8.—With ex:

omne corpus aut aqua aut aër aut ignis aut terra est, aut id quod est concretum ex aliquā parte eorum,

composed, formed of, Cic. N. D. 3, 12, 30; so id. ib. 3, 14, 34; Tac. A. 13, 57.—

Trop.:

illud funestum animal, ex nefariis stupris, ex civili cruore concretum (al. conceptum),

Cic. Pis. 9, 21. —

(Con intens.) To grow strong, to rise by growing, etc. (so very rare):

(lana) quanto prolixior in pecore concrescit, tanto, etc.,

Col. 7, 3, 10 (but in Lucr. 5, 833, the best reading is clarescit; v. Lachm.).—Hence, concrētus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.), grown together, concrete, compound, condensed, hardened, thick, hard, stiff, curdled, congealed, clotted, etc. (class.):

dubitare non possumus quin nihil sit animis admixtum, nihil concretum, nihil copulatum, nihil coagmentatum, nihil duplex,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; 1, 27, 66:

aër crassus et concretus,

id. ib. 1, 18, 42; Lucr. 1, 1018; 5, 467 sq.:

aër (opp. fusus, extenuatus),

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101; cf.:

pingue et concretum esse caelum,

id. Div. 1, 57, 130:

umores (opp. acres),

id. N. D. 2, 23, 59:

spuma,

Ov. M. 4, 537:

lac,

Verg. G. 3, 463:

in sanguine,

Ov. M. 13, 492:

mare,

Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 104:

nix concreta pruinā,

Lucr. 3, 20:

concreta et durata glacies,

Liv. 21, 36, 8; cf.:

concreta frigora canā pruinā,

stiffened by the hoary frost, Verg. G. 2, 376:

gelu,

Curt. 8, 4.— Poet., of light: cum claram speciem concreto lumine luna abdidit, thick, i. e. dimmed, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18:

nanus et ipse suos breviter concretus in artus,

shortened, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 41:

dolor,

benumbing, tearless, Ov. P. 2, 11, 10.— Subst.: concrētum, i, n., firm or solid matter:

species quaedam deorum, quae nihil concreti habeat, nihil solidi,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 75.—Esp. (sc. gelu), hard or stiff frost:

nec semine jacto Concretum patitur radicem adfigere terrae,

Verg. G. 2, 318 Rib. Forbig.; cf. Hildebr. ad App. M. 1, p. 455. (By others concretum is made acc. of 2. concretus. The common reading is concretam, sc. gelu, the root stiffened by frost; cf. Forbig. ad loc.)— Comp.:

semen concretius,

Lucr. 4, 1240:

spuma lactis concretior,

Plin. 11, 41, 96, § 239: ossa concreta, t. t., solid bones, i. e. without marrow, id. 7, 18, 18, § 78.— Sup. and adv. not in use.

gĕlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [gelu].

Act., to cause to freeze, to congeal.—Pass., to be frozen, to freeze.

In gen.:

si gelent frigora, quarto die premendam (olivam),

Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 21:

fluvius, qui ferrum gelat,

Mart. 1, 50, 12.— Pass.:

quae (alvearia fictilia) et accenduntur aestatis vaporibus et gelantur hiemis frigoribus (shortly before: nec hieme rigent, nec candent aestate),

Col. 9, 6, 2.—Esp. freq. in the part. perf.:

amnes gelati lacusque,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103:

lac, Col. poët. 10, 397: caseus,

id. 7, 8, 7:

manus Aquilone,

Mart. 5, 9, 3.—

In partic., to freeze, chill, stiffen with fright, horror, etc.; in pass., to be frozen, chilled; to be numbed or stiff (cf.:

gelu and gelidus): gelat ora pavor,

Stat. Th. 4, 497:

timent pavidoque gelantur Pectore,

Juv. 6, 95:

sic fata gelatis Vultibus,

Stat. Th. 4, 404:

gelato corde attonitus,

Luc. 7, 339:

gelati orbes (i. e. oculi emortui),

id. 6, 541.—

Neutr., to freeze:

pruinae perniciosior natura, quoniam lapsa persidet gelatque,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 222:

venae,

Stat. Th. 4, 727:

vultus Perseos,

i. e. to be petrified, Luc. 9, 681.— Impers.:

non ante demetuntur quam gelaverit,

Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 39; Vulg. Sir. 43, 21.

Gĕlo or Gĕlon, ōnis, m., = Gelôn, king of Syracuse, son of Hiero II., Liv. 23, 30; 24, 5; Just. 23, 4; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 144.

gĕlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [gelu].

Act., to cause to freeze, to congeal.—Pass., to be frozen, to freeze.

In gen.:

si gelent frigora, quarto die premendam (olivam),

Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 21:

fluvius, qui ferrum gelat,

Mart. 1, 50, 12.— Pass.:

quae (alvearia fictilia) et accenduntur aestatis vaporibus et gelantur hiemis frigoribus (shortly before: nec hieme rigent, nec candent aestate),

Col. 9, 6, 2.—Esp. freq. in the part. perf.:

amnes gelati lacusque,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103:

lac, Col. poët. 10, 397: caseus,

id. 7, 8, 7:

manus Aquilone,

Mart. 5, 9, 3.—

In partic., to freeze, chill, stiffen with fright, horror, etc.; in pass., to be frozen, chilled; to be numbed or stiff (cf.:

gelu and gelidus): gelat ora pavor,

Stat. Th. 4, 497:

timent pavidoque gelantur Pectore,

Juv. 6, 95:

sic fata gelatis Vultibus,

Stat. Th. 4, 404:

gelato corde attonitus,

Luc. 7, 339:

gelati orbes (i. e. oculi emortui),

id. 6, 541.—

Neutr., to freeze:

pruinae perniciosior natura, quoniam lapsa persidet gelatque,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 222:

venae,

Stat. Th. 4, 727:

vultus Perseos,

i. e. to be petrified, Luc. 9, 681.— Impers.:

non ante demetuntur quam gelaverit,

Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 39; Vulg. Sir. 43, 21.

Gĕlo or Gĕlon, ōnis, m., = Gelôn, king of Syracuse, son of Hiero II., Liv. 23, 30; 24, 5; Just. 23, 4; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 144.

glăcĭes, ēi, f. [root in Gr. gala, galakt-; cf. glagaô, to be milky, etc.; Germ. Gletscher; v. gelu], ice (cf.; gelu, pruina).

Lit.:

sol glaciem dissolvit,

Lucr. 6, 963; so ib. 878:

ne teneras glacies secet aspera plantas,

Verg. E. 10, 49; Hor. C. 2, 9, 5; Ov. M. 2, 808; 13, 795; Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103:

lubrica,

slippery ice, Liv. 21, 36, 7:

Maeotica,

Juv. 4, 42 et saep.—In plur.:

glacies,

Verg. G. 4, 517:

glacierum,

Sid. Ep. 4, 6 fin.; Vulg. Dan. 3, 70.—

Transf., hardness:

tum glacies aeris flamma devicta liquescit,

Lucr. 1, 493.

rĭgĕo, ēre, v. n. [prob. kindr. with rhigeô, frigeo], to be stiff or numb; to stiffen (syn.: concresco, conglacio).

Lit. (class.).

With cold:

frigore,

Lucr. 3, 891; Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (opp. uri calore):

gelu,

Liv. 21, 32; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 30; id. Pan. 82, 5:

prata rigent,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 3:

stagnum,

Col. 8, 17, 2:

corpora omnibus,

Liv. 21, 54; cf. poet.:

horridus December,

Mart. 7, 95.—

Of any physical stiffness:

gelido comae terrore rigebant,

stood on end, bristled up, Ov. M. 3, 100; so,

ora indurata,

id. ib. 14, 503:

ardua cervix (with horrent setae),

id. ib. 8, 284:

cerealia dona rigent,

i. e. are hardened into gold, id. ib. 11, 122:

vestes auroque ostroque,

are stiff, stand out, Verg. A. 11, 72; cf.:

terga boum plumbo insuto ferroque,

id. ib. 5, 405:

manicae ex auro,

Sil. 4, 155:

signa,

Lucr. 5, 1427.—

Poet., transf., to stand stiff or upright:

(pars summa scopuli) riget,

Ov. M. 4, 526; 6, 573:

late riget Tmolus,

id. ib. 11, 150:

sine frondibus arbos,

id. ib. 13, 691:

illitterati num minus nervi rigent?

Hor. Epod. 8, 17.—

Trop., to remain unmoved, inert (very rare):

feritas immota riget,

Mart. 5, 31, 5. —Hence, rĭgens, entis, P. a., stiff, inflexible, rigid, unbending (mostly post-class.).

Lit.:

secui madidas ungue rigente genas,

Ov. H. 5, 72:

lorica ex aere,

Verg. A. 8, 621:

aqua,

i. e. frozen, Mart. 14, 117:

pars mundi ipsis aquilonis conceptaculis rigentissima,

Sol. 15:

caput (with praedurum),

rigid, Quint. 11, 3, 69; cf. id. 2, 13, 9: interque rigentes (partes terrae), Tib. 4, 1, 165:

gelu flumina,

Plin. Pan. 82, 5.—

Trop., stubborn, inflexible, unyielding:

animus,

Sen. Hippol. 413; cf.:

vir tot malis,

id. Thyest. 304.

stringo, inxi, ictum, 3, v. a. [root strig; Gr. strang-, to squeeze; stranx, a drop; cf. O. H. Germ. streng; Engl. strong], to draw tight, to bind or tie tight; to draw, bind, or press together, etc. (syn. ligo).

Lit.:

te stringam ad carnarium,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 66:

stringit vitta comas,

Luc. 5, 143: caesariem crinali cultu, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 85:

stricta matutino frigore vulnera,

Liv. 22, 51:

pectora pigro gelu,

Luc. 4, 652:

strictos insedimus amnes,

Val. Fl. 1, 414:

mare gelu stringi et consistere,

Gell. 17, 8, 16:

quercus in duas partes diducta, stricta denuo et cohaesa,

having closed together, id. 15, 16, 4:

habenam,

to draw tight, Stat. Th. 11, 513:

ferrum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6.—

Transf. (through the intermediate idea of drawing close), to touch, touch upon, touch lightly or slightly, to graze (syn. tango):

litus ama, et laevas stringat sine palmula cautes,

Verg. A. 5, 163; cf.:

stringebat summas ales miserabilis undas,

Ov. M. 11, 733:

aequor (aurā),

id. ib. 4, 136:

metas interiore rotā,

id. Am. 3, 2, 12:

latus,

Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 24:

vestigia canis rostro,

Ov. M. 1, 536 et saep.:

equos,

to stroke, Charis. 84 P.:

tela stringentia corpus,

i. e. slightly touching, Verg. A. 10, 331; cf. Sen. Ben. 2, 6, 1:

coluber Dente pedem strinxit,

Ov. M. 11, 776:

strictus ac recreatus ex vulnere in tempus,

Flor. 4, 12, 44.—

To pull or strip off, to pluck off, cut off, clip off, prune, etc. (cf. destringo):

oleam ubi nigra erit, stringito,

Cato, R. R. 65, 1; so,

oleam,

Plin. 15, 2, 3, § 12:

bacam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 55, 2:

quernas glandes,

Verg. G. 1, 305:

folia ex arboribus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 58; Liv. 23, 30, 3:

frondes,

Verg. E. 9, 61; Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 28:

hordea,

Verg. G. 1, 317:

arbores,

Col. 6, 3, 7:

celeriter gladios strinxerunt,

drew from the sheath, unsheathed, Caes. B. C. 3, 93:

strictam aciem offerre,

Verg. A. 6, 291:

ensem,

id. ib. 10, 577; so,

gladios,

id. ib. 12, 278; Ov. M. 7, 333:

ensem,

id. ib. 8, 207;

14, 296: ferrum,

Liv. 7, 40 al.:

cultrum,

id. 7, 5, 5; 3, 50, 3; and poet. transf.:

manum,

to bare, Ov. Am. 1, 6, 14; id. Tr. 5, 2, 30 al.—

Trop.

Of speech, to touch upon, treat briefly, Sil. 8, 48.—Hence, to compress, abridge:

narrationis loco rem stringat,

Quint. 4, 2, 128 Spald.—

To hold in check, to rule, sway (syn. coërceo):

quaecumque meo gens barbara nutu Stringitur, adveniat,

Claud. B. Get. 371.—

To waste, consume, reduce:

praeclaram stringat malus ingluvie rem,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 8.—

(Acc. to I. B.) To touch, move, affect; esp. to affect painfully, to wound, pain:

atque animum patriae strinxit pietatis imago,

Verg. A. 9, 294:

quam tua delicto stringantur pectora nostro,

Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 21:

nomen alicujus,

id. ib. 2, 350.—

To draw in hostility, attack with:

in hostes stringatur iambus,

Ov. R. Am. 377:

bellum,

Flor. 3, 21, 1.—Hence, strictus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.), drawn together, close, strait, tight, etc.

Lit.:

laxaret pedem a stricto nodo,

Liv. 24, 7, 5:

duriora genti corpora, stricti artus,

Tac. G. 30:

strictissima janua,

Ov. R. Am. 233:

si strictior fuerit pedatura,

Hyg. Grom. 3, 1:

emplastrum,

thick, Scrib. Comp. 45 fin.:

venter,

i. e. bound up, costive, Veg. 3, 16:

strictior aura,

more severe, colder, Aus. Idyll. 14, 3.—

Trop.

Of language, brief, concise:

quo minus (Aeschines) strictus est,

Quint. 10, 1, 77:

qui (Demosthenes) est strictior multo (quam Cicero),

id. 12, 10, 52.—

Of character, severe, strict:

Catones,

Manil. 5, 106:

mentes,

id. 1, 769:

lex,

Stat. S. 3, 5, 87.—

Rigid, exact (law Lat.):

restitutio stricto jure non competebat,

Dig. 29, 2, 85; 39, 3, 3 al.— Adv.: strictē and strictim, closely, tightly:

in foramen conicies,

Pall. Mart. 8, 2.— Comp., Pall. 1, 6.— Sup., Gell. 16, 3, 4.—

Fig., accurately:

strictius interpretari,

Dig. 8, 2, 20.

f. hoar frost, rime.

(héldi, héldr), v. to cover with rime; to fall as rime.

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u, f. [Lat. gelu], hoar frost, rime, Hkv. 2. 42, Edda 85, Stj. 292, Barl. 198.

COMPDS: hélufall, hélufrost, hélukaldr, héluskúr, héluþoka.

1) cold; kalt veðr, cold weather; brenna (e-t) at köldum kolum, to burn to cold ashes; konungi gørði kalt, the king began to get cold;

2) baneful, hostile, cruel (köld eru kvenna ráð).

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adj., köld, kalt; compar. kaldari; superl. kaldastr; [from kala, as aldr from ala, galdr from gala, stuldr from stela: Goth. kalds; A. S. ceald; Engl. cold; Dutch kolt; Germ. kalt; Swed. kall; Dan. kold; common to all Teut. languages; cp. Lat. gelu, gelidus]:—cold; kalt jarn, cold iron, Fb. ii. 197; kalt veðr, Fms. v. 178, viii. 306; kaldr nár, Pass. 44. 7; ef maðr grefr lik áðr kalt er, K. Þ. K. 26; líkin vóru enn eigi köld, Fms. iv. 170; svá sem kalt stóð af Niflheimi, Edda; köld kol, cold coals, ashes, = kalda kol, Fb. i. (in a verse); brenna at köldum kolum, to be burnt to cold ashes, utterly destroyed, Fms. xi. 122, passim.

2. impers., e-m er kalt, one is cold; mér er kalt á höndunum, fútum …, Orkn. 326 (in a verse); konungi görði kalt, the king began to get cold, Fms. v. 178.

3. acc., kaldan as adv.; blása kaldan, to blow cold, Sks. 216: ís-kaldr. ice-cold; hel-k., death cold; svið-k., burning cold; ú-k., not cold; hálf-k., half cold; sár-k., sorely cold.

II. metaph. cold, chilling, baneful, fatal, Lat. dirus, infestus; héðan skulu honum koma köld ráð undan hverju rifi, Ó. H. 132, Ls. 51, Vkv. 30; so in the saying, köld eru opt kvenna-ráð, women’s counsels are oft-times fatal, Nj. 177, Gísl. 34; kann vera í at nokkurum verði myrkari eðr kaldari ráð Haralds konungs en mín, Fms. vi. 229; köld öfund, envy, Geisli; köld rödd, an evil voice, Akv. 2.

2. sometimes in translations in the metaph. sense of cold; kalt hjarta, Greg. 19; kaldr ok afskiptr, Stj. 195.

COMPDS: kaldahlátr, kaldakol, kaldaljós.

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