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gales+of+laughter

  • 1 stürmisch

    I Adj.
    1. Wetter: stormy; stürmische See stormy ( oder rough) seas Pl.; stürmische Überfahrt rough crossing
    2. fig., Liebe: tempestuous, passionate; Affäre: auch stormy; Liebhaber: passionate; Debatte: stormy; Beifall: tumultuous; (frenetisch) frenzied; Protest, Reaktion: vehement, violent; Entwicklung etc.: meteoric; stürmische Begrüßung rapturous welcome; lautstark: tumultuous welcome; stürmisches Gelächter gales of laughter; stürmischer Jubel wild rejoicing; stürmische Nachfrage huge demand; stürmische Umarmung passionate embrace; eine stürmische Zeit turbulent times Pl.; eine stürmische Karriere erleben have a stormy career
    II Adv.: stürmisch verlaufen Debatte etc.: follow a stormy course; Entwicklung: proceed at a whirlwind pace; stürmisch bitten um make a passionate plea for; stürmisch protestieren protest vehemently ( oder violently); etw. stürmisch fordern clamo(u)r for s.th.; man applaudierte stürmisch there was tumultuous applause; stürmisch begrüßt werden be given a rapturous ( oder tumultuous) welcome; nicht so stürmisch! easy does it!, hold your horses!
    * * *
    stormy; rough; squally; vehement; furious; tumultuous; turbulent; wild; tempestuous; rapturous; gusty
    * * *
    stụ̈r|misch ['Stʏrmɪʃ]
    1. adj
    1) Meer, Überfahrt rough, stormy; Wetter, Tag blustery; (mit Regen) stormy
    2) (fig) tempestuous; (= aufregend) Zeit, Jugend stormy, turbulent; Entwicklung, Wachstum rapid; Liebhaber passionate, ardent; Jubel, Beifall tumultuous, frenzied
    2. adv
    enthusiastically

    jdn stürmisch bejubeln/feiern — to give sb a tumultuous reception

    * * *
    1) ((of weather) stormy.) dirty
    2) ((of the wind) blowing in irregular, strong gusts: a blustery day.) blustery
    3) (showing great delight: They gave him a rapturous welcome.) rapturous
    5) (very noisy, especially with much laughter: The team were given an uproarious welcome.) uproarious
    6) (having a lot of strong wind, heavy rain etc: a stormy day; stormy weather; a stormy voyage.) stormy
    7) (full of anger or uncontrolled feeling: in a stormy mood; a stormy discussion.) stormy
    10) (very stormy; of or like a tempest: tempestuous winds.) tempestuous
    11) (with great noise or confusion: The crowd gave him a tumultuous welcome; tumultuous applause.) tumultuous
    14) (violently disturbed or confused: The seas are turbulent; the turbulent years of war.) turbulent
    * * *
    stür·misch
    [ˈʃtʏrmɪʃ]
    I. adj
    1. METEO blustery; (mit Regen) stormy
    \stürmische See rough sea
    3. (vehement) tumultuous
    eine \stürmische Begrüßung a tumultuous welcome
    \stürmischer Beifall/Jubel tumultuous [or frenzied] applause/cheering
    ein \stürmischer Mensch an impetuous person
    nicht so \stürmisch! take it easy!
    4. (leidenschaftlich) passionate
    5. CHEM vigorous
    \stürmische Gärung boiling [or fiery] fermentation
    \stürmische Reaktion vigorous reaction
    II. adv tumultuously
    die Kinder begrüßten ihre Tante \stürmisch the children gave their aunt a tumultuous welcome
    * * *
    1.
    1) stormy; (fig.) tempestuous, turbulent <days, life, times, years>
    2) (ungestüm) tempestuous <nature, outburst, welcome>; tumultuous <applause, welcome, reception>; wild < enthusiasm>; passionate <lover, embrace, temperament>; vehement < protest>

    nicht so stürmisch! — calm down!; take it easy!

    3) (rasant) meteoric <development, growth>; lightning, breakneck < speed>
    2.
    1) < protest> vehemently; < embrace> impetuously, passionately; < demand> clamorously; < applaud> wildly
    2) (rasant) at a tremendous rate or speed; at lightning speed
    * * *
    A. adj
    1. Wetter: stormy;
    stürmische See stormy ( oder rough) seas pl;
    stürmische Überfahrt rough crossing
    2. fig, Liebe: tempestuous, passionate; Affäre: auch stormy; Liebhaber: passionate; Debatte: stormy; Beifall: tumultuous; (frenetisch) frenzied; Protest, Reaktion: vehement, violent; Entwicklung etc: meteoric;
    stürmische Begrüßung rapturous welcome; lautstark: tumultuous welcome;
    stürmisches Gelächter gales of laughter;
    stürmischer Jubel wild rejoicing;
    stürmische Nachfrage huge demand;
    stürmische Umarmung passionate embrace;
    eine stürmische Zeit turbulent times pl;
    eine stürmische Karriere erleben have a stormy career
    B. adv:
    stürmisch verlaufen Debatte etc: follow a stormy course; Entwicklung: proceed at a whirlwind pace;
    stürmisch bitten um make a passionate plea for;
    stürmisch protestieren protest vehemently ( oder violently);
    etwas stürmisch fordern clamo(u)r for sth;
    man applaudierte stürmisch there was tumultuous applause;
    stürmisch begrüßt werden be given a rapturous ( oder tumultuous) welcome;
    nicht so stürmisch! easy does it!, hold your horses!
    * * *
    1.
    1) stormy; (fig.) tempestuous, turbulent <days, life, times, years>
    2) (ungestüm) tempestuous <nature, outburst, welcome>; tumultuous <applause, welcome, reception>; wild < enthusiasm>; passionate <lover, embrace, temperament>; vehement < protest>

    nicht so stürmisch! — calm down!; take it easy!

    3) (rasant) meteoric <development, growth>; lightning, breakneck < speed>
    2.
    1) < protest> vehemently; < embrace> impetuously, passionately; < demand> clamorously; < applaud> wildly
    2) (rasant) at a tremendous rate or speed; at lightning speed
    * * *
    adj.
    blustery adj.
    gusty adj.
    squally adj.
    stormy adj.
    tempestuous adj.
    tumultuous adj.
    turbulent adj.
    vehement adj.
    wild adj. adv.
    gustily adv.
    stormily adv.
    tempestuously adv.
    tumultuously adv.
    turbulently adv.
    vehemently adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > stürmisch

  • 2 unter

    I Präp. (+ Dat)
    1. under, below; (bes. direkt unter) underneath; unter... hervor from under...; unter 21 ( Jahren) under 21 (years of age); unter zehn Euro under ( oder less than) ten euros; unter seiner Regierung under ( oder during) his reign; unter sich haben (Angestellte, Abteilung etc.) be in charge of; Land unter! land under water!
    2. (zwischen) among; einer unter vielen one of many; nicht einer unter hundert not one in a hundred; unter anderem (u.a.) among other things
    3. unter Beifall amid applause; unter Tränen in tears, tearfully; unter großem Gelächter amid gales of laughter
    4. unter der Woche during the week; unter Mittag / Tags at ( oder around) midday / during the day
    5. unter diesem Gesichtspunkt from this point of view; was versteht man unter...? what is meant by...?; Kritik, Würde, uns etc.
    II Präp. (+ Akk) under; die Temperaturen sanken unter den Gefrierpunkt the temperatures dropped below freezing point; wir mischten uns unter die Menge we mixed with the crowd; etw. unter die Leute bringen (Neuigkeit etc.) spread s.th.
    * * *
    nether (Adj.); lower (Adj.);
    (mitten unter) between (Präp.); among (Präp.);
    (unterhalb) below (Präp.); beneath (Präp.); underneath (Präp.); under (Präp.)
    * * *
    ụn|ter ['ʊntɐ]
    prep
    1) +dat (= unterhalb von) under; (= drunter) underneath, below; (Unterordnung ausdrückend) under; (= zwischen, innerhalb) among(st); (= weniger, geringer als) under, below

    unter 18 Jahren/EUR 50 — under 18 years (of age)/50 euros

    Städte unter 10.000 Einwohner(n) — towns with a population of under or below 10,000

    unter anderem — among other things, inter alia (form)

    2) +acc under

    bis unter das Dach voll mit... — full to bursting with...

    * * *
    1) (in shares or parts to each person (in a group etc): Divide the chocolate amongst you.) among
    2) (in shares or parts to each person (in a group etc): Divide the chocolate amongst you.) amongst
    3) (lower in position, rank, standard etc than: She hurt her leg below the knee; His work is below standard.) below
    4) (in a lower position than; under; below: beneath the floorboards; beneath her coat.) beneath
    5) (not worthy of: It is beneath my dignity to do that.) beneath
    6) (in or to a position lower than, or covered by: Your pencil is under the chair; Strange plants grow under the sea.) under
    7) (subject to the authority of: As a foreman, he has about fifty workers under him.) under
    8) (used to express various states: The fort was under attack; The business improved under the new management; The matter is under consideration/discussion.) under
    9) (at or to a lower position (than); beneath: She was standing underneath the light; Have you looked underneath the bed?) underneath
    * * *
    un·ter
    [ˈʊntɐ]
    1. +dat (unterhalb von etw) under, underneath
    \unter der Jacke trug sie ein T-Shirt she wore a t-shirt under the jacket
    \unter freiem Himmel in the open air
    etw \unter dem Mikroskop betrachten to look at sth under the microscope
    das Haus war bis \unter das Dach voll mit alten Möbeln the house was full to the rafters with old furniture
    sich akk \unter die Dusche stellen to have a shower
    3. +dat (zahlen-, wertmäßig kleiner als) below
    die Temperaturen liegen hier immer \unter null the temperatures here are always below zero
    der Preis liegt \unter zehn Euro the price is less than ten euros
    \unter dem Durchschnitt liegen to be below average
    \unter 50 Stück less than 50 pieces
    Kinder \unter sechs Jahren children under six years of age
    etw \unter Wert verkaufen to sell sth at less than its value
    4. +dat (inmitten) among[st]
    \unter anderem amongst other things [or spec inter alia]
    einer \unter tausend one in a thousand
    einer \unter vielen one of many
    \unter sich dat sein to be by themselves
    5. +dat (zwischen) between
    \unter uns gesagt between you and me
    \unter Menschen gehen to get out [of the house]
    sich akk \unter das Volk mischen (fam) to mix with the people
    7. +dat (begleitet von) under
    \unter der Bedingung, dass... on condition that...
    \unter Beifall/Gelächter/Tränen amid applause/laughter/tears
    \unter Lebensgefahr at risk to one's life
    \unter Umständen possibly
    \unter Verwendung einer S. gen by using sth
    \unter Zwang under duress
    8. +dat o akk (zugeordnet sein) under
    was ist \unter diesem Begriff zu verstehen? what is meant by this term?
    \unter diesem Datum gibt es keinen Eintrag there is no entry under this date
    eine Abteilung \unter sich dat haben to be in charge of a department
    jdn \unter sich dat haben to have sb under one
    etw \unter ein Motto stellen to put sth under a motto
    \unter jds Schirmherrschaft under sb's patronage
    9. +dat (in einem Zustand) under
    \unter Druck/Strom stehen to be under pressure
    \unter einer Krankheit leiden to suffer from an illness
    10. + dat SÜDD (während) during
    \unter Mittag in the morning
    \unter der Woche during the week
    II. adv
    1. (jünger als) under
    er ist noch \unter 30 he's not yet turned 30
    2. (weniger als) less than
    * * *
    1.
    1) (Lage, Standort, Abhängigkeit, Unterordnung) under
    2) (weniger, niedriger usw. als)
    3) during; (modal)

    unter Angst/Tränen — in or out of fear/in tears

    4) (aus einer Gruppe) among[st]

    unter anderem — among[st] other things

    5) (zwischen) among[st]
    6) (Zustand) under

    unter Strom stehen — be live; s. auch Tag 1), Woche

    2.
    1) (Richtung, Ziel, Abhängigkeit, Unterordnung) under
    3) (zwischen) among[st]

    unter Strom/Dampf setzen — switch on/put under steam

    3.
    Adverb less than
    * * *
    unter1
    A. präp (+dat)
    1. under, below; (besonders direkt unter) underneath;
    unter … hervor from under …;
    unter 21 (Jahren) under 21 (years of age);
    unter zehn Euro under ( oder less than) ten euros;
    unter seiner Regierung under ( oder during) his reign;
    unter sich haben (Angestellte, Abteilung etc) be in charge of;
    Land unter! land under water!
    2. (zwischen) among;
    einer unter vielen one of many;
    nicht einer unter hundert not one in a hundred;
    unter anderem (u. a.) among other things
    3.
    unter Beifall amid applause;
    unter Tränen in tears, tearfully;
    unter großem Gelächter amid gales of laughter
    4.
    unter der Woche during the week;
    unter Mittag at ( oder around) midday
    5.
    unter diesem Gesichtspunkt from this point of view;
    was versteht man unter …? what is meant by …?; → Kritik, Würde, uns etc
    B. präp (+akk) under;
    die Temperaturen sanken unter den Gefrierpunkt the temperatures dropped below freezing point;
    wir mischten uns unter die Menge we mixed with the crowd;
    etwas unter die Leute bringen (Neuigkeit etc) spread sth
    unter2 v/t (irr, untrennb, hat)
    1. (bleiben) refrain from (+ger) (aufhören mit) stop (+ger) (Bemerkung) leave unsaid, (auch Witz) drop;
    unterlass diese Bemerkungen, bitte we can do without your comments, thank you
    2.
    es unter zu (+inf) omit ( oder fail) to (+inf) schuldhaft: neglect to (+inf)
    untere Hilfeleistung JUR failure to give assistance
    * * *
    1.
    1) (Lage, Standort, Abhängigkeit, Unterordnung) under
    2) (weniger, niedriger usw. als)
    3) during; (modal)

    unter Angst/Tränen — in or out of fear/in tears

    4) (aus einer Gruppe) among[st]

    unter anderem — among[st] other things

    5) (zwischen) among[st]
    6) (Zustand) under

    unter Strom stehen — be live; s. auch Tag 1), Woche

    2.
    1) (Richtung, Ziel, Abhängigkeit, Unterordnung) under
    3) (zwischen) among[st]

    unter Strom/Dampf setzen — switch on/put under steam

    3.
    Adverb less than
    * * *
    adj.
    hypo adj.
    inferior adj.
    underneath adj. adv.
    below adv.
    between adv. präp.
    among prep.
    beneath prep.
    nether prep.
    under prep.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > unter

  • 3 взрывы смеха

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > взрывы смеха

  • 4 хохот

    1. guffaw
    2. guffa
    3. horselaugh
    4. laughter; roar
    Синонимический ряд:
    смех (сущ.) смех
    Антонимический ряд:
    плач; рев; рыдание

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > хохот

  • 5 взрыв хохота

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > взрыв хохота

  • 6 schallendes Gelächter

    peals of laughter; guffaw; gales of laughter; loud laughter
    * * *
    (a loud laugh.) guffaw

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > schallendes Gelächter

  • 7 déchaîner

    déchaîner° [de∫ene]
    ➭ TABLE 1
    1. transitive verb
       a. [+ tempête, violence, passions, colère] to unleash ; [+ enthousiasme] to arouse ; [+ opinion publique] to rouse
    • déchaîner les huées/les cris/les rires to raise a storm of booing/shouting/laughter
       b. [+ chien] to let loose
    2. reflexive verb
    ► se déchaîner [fureur, passions] to explode ; [personne] to fly into a rage ; [foule] to go wild
    * * *
    deʃene
    1.
    verbe transitif to rouse [sentiments]; to excite [personnes]

    2.
    se déchaîner verbe pronominal
    1) [phénomènes naturels] to rage; [sentiments] to burst out
    2) [foule] to go wild
    3) [personne] to fly into a rage
    * * *
    deʃene vt
    [passions, colère] to unleash
    * * *
    déchaîner verb table: aimer
    A vtr to rouse, to stir up [passions, sentiments]; to excite, to make [sb] wild [personnes, foule]; le meurtre a déchaîné (la colère de) l'opinion publique the murder unleashed a public outcry.
    1 [phénomènes naturels] to rage; [sentiments, passions] to burst out;
    2 ( devenir très agité) [personnes, foule] to go wild;
    3 ( s'emporter) [personne] to fly into a rage (contre qn/qch against sb/sth).
    [deʃene] verbe transitif
    1. [déclencher - violence, colère] to unleash, to arouse ; [ - enthousiasme] to arouse ; [ - rires] to trigger off (separable)
    2. [mettre en colère]
    ————————
    se déchaîner verbe pronominal intransitif
    1. [tempête, vent] to rage
    2. [hilarité, applaudissements] to break ou to burst out
    [instincts] to be unleashed

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > déchaîner

  • 8 schallende Gelächter

    das schallende Gelächter
    guffaw; gales of laughter; loud laughter; peals of laughter

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > schallende Gelächter

  • 9 взрывы хохота

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > взрывы хохота

  • 10 Unter

    I Präp. (+ Dat)
    1. under, below; (bes. direkt unter) underneath; unter... hervor from under...; unter 21 ( Jahren) under 21 (years of age); unter zehn Euro under ( oder less than) ten euros; unter seiner Regierung under ( oder during) his reign; unter sich haben (Angestellte, Abteilung etc.) be in charge of; Land unter! land under water!
    2. (zwischen) among; einer unter vielen one of many; nicht einer unter hundert not one in a hundred; unter anderem (u.a.) among other things
    3. unter Beifall amid applause; unter Tränen in tears, tearfully; unter großem Gelächter amid gales of laughter
    4. unter der Woche during the week; unter Mittag / Tags at ( oder around) midday / during the day
    5. unter diesem Gesichtspunkt from this point of view; was versteht man unter...? what is meant by...?; Kritik, Würde, uns etc.
    II Präp. (+ Akk) under; die Temperaturen sanken unter den Gefrierpunkt the temperatures dropped below freezing point; wir mischten uns unter die Menge we mixed with the crowd; etw. unter die Leute bringen (Neuigkeit etc.) spread s.th.
    * * *
    nether (Adj.); lower (Adj.);
    (mitten unter) between (Präp.); among (Präp.);
    (unterhalb) below (Präp.); beneath (Präp.); underneath (Präp.); under (Präp.)
    * * *
    ụn|ter ['ʊntɐ]
    prep
    1) +dat (= unterhalb von) under; (= drunter) underneath, below; (Unterordnung ausdrückend) under; (= zwischen, innerhalb) among(st); (= weniger, geringer als) under, below

    unter 18 Jahren/EUR 50 — under 18 years (of age)/50 euros

    Städte unter 10.000 Einwohner(n) — towns with a population of under or below 10,000

    unter anderem — among other things, inter alia (form)

    2) +acc under

    bis unter das Dach voll mit... — full to bursting with...

    * * *
    1) (in shares or parts to each person (in a group etc): Divide the chocolate amongst you.) among
    2) (in shares or parts to each person (in a group etc): Divide the chocolate amongst you.) amongst
    3) (lower in position, rank, standard etc than: She hurt her leg below the knee; His work is below standard.) below
    4) (in a lower position than; under; below: beneath the floorboards; beneath her coat.) beneath
    5) (not worthy of: It is beneath my dignity to do that.) beneath
    6) (in or to a position lower than, or covered by: Your pencil is under the chair; Strange plants grow under the sea.) under
    7) (subject to the authority of: As a foreman, he has about fifty workers under him.) under
    8) (used to express various states: The fort was under attack; The business improved under the new management; The matter is under consideration/discussion.) under
    9) (at or to a lower position (than); beneath: She was standing underneath the light; Have you looked underneath the bed?) underneath
    * * *
    un·ter
    [ˈʊntɐ]
    1. +dat (unterhalb von etw) under, underneath
    \unter der Jacke trug sie ein T-Shirt she wore a t-shirt under the jacket
    \unter freiem Himmel in the open air
    etw \unter dem Mikroskop betrachten to look at sth under the microscope
    das Haus war bis \unter das Dach voll mit alten Möbeln the house was full to the rafters with old furniture
    sich akk \unter die Dusche stellen to have a shower
    3. +dat (zahlen-, wertmäßig kleiner als) below
    die Temperaturen liegen hier immer \unter null the temperatures here are always below zero
    der Preis liegt \unter zehn Euro the price is less than ten euros
    \unter dem Durchschnitt liegen to be below average
    \unter 50 Stück less than 50 pieces
    Kinder \unter sechs Jahren children under six years of age
    etw \unter Wert verkaufen to sell sth at less than its value
    4. +dat (inmitten) among[st]
    \unter anderem amongst other things [or spec inter alia]
    einer \unter tausend one in a thousand
    einer \unter vielen one of many
    \unter sich dat sein to be by themselves
    5. +dat (zwischen) between
    \unter uns gesagt between you and me
    \unter Menschen gehen to get out [of the house]
    sich akk \unter das Volk mischen (fam) to mix with the people
    7. +dat (begleitet von) under
    \unter der Bedingung, dass... on condition that...
    \unter Beifall/Gelächter/Tränen amid applause/laughter/tears
    \unter Lebensgefahr at risk to one's life
    \unter Umständen possibly
    \unter Verwendung einer S. gen by using sth
    \unter Zwang under duress
    8. +dat o akk (zugeordnet sein) under
    was ist \unter diesem Begriff zu verstehen? what is meant by this term?
    \unter diesem Datum gibt es keinen Eintrag there is no entry under this date
    eine Abteilung \unter sich dat haben to be in charge of a department
    jdn \unter sich dat haben to have sb under one
    etw \unter ein Motto stellen to put sth under a motto
    \unter jds Schirmherrschaft under sb's patronage
    9. +dat (in einem Zustand) under
    \unter Druck/Strom stehen to be under pressure
    \unter einer Krankheit leiden to suffer from an illness
    10. + dat SÜDD (während) during
    \unter Mittag in the morning
    \unter der Woche during the week
    II. adv
    1. (jünger als) under
    er ist noch \unter 30 he's not yet turned 30
    2. (weniger als) less than
    * * *
    1.
    1) (Lage, Standort, Abhängigkeit, Unterordnung) under
    2) (weniger, niedriger usw. als)
    3) during; (modal)

    unter Angst/Tränen — in or out of fear/in tears

    4) (aus einer Gruppe) among[st]

    unter anderem — among[st] other things

    5) (zwischen) among[st]
    6) (Zustand) under

    unter Strom stehen — be live; s. auch Tag 1), Woche

    2.
    1) (Richtung, Ziel, Abhängigkeit, Unterordnung) under
    3) (zwischen) among[st]

    unter Strom/Dampf setzen — switch on/put under steam

    3.
    Adverb less than
    * * *
    Unter m; -s, -; (Spielkarte) jack, knave obs
    * * *
    1.
    1) (Lage, Standort, Abhängigkeit, Unterordnung) under
    2) (weniger, niedriger usw. als)
    3) during; (modal)

    unter Angst/Tränen — in or out of fear/in tears

    4) (aus einer Gruppe) among[st]

    unter anderem — among[st] other things

    5) (zwischen) among[st]
    6) (Zustand) under

    unter Strom stehen — be live; s. auch Tag 1), Woche

    2.
    1) (Richtung, Ziel, Abhängigkeit, Unterordnung) under
    3) (zwischen) among[st]

    unter Strom/Dampf setzen — switch on/put under steam

    3.
    Adverb less than
    * * *
    adj.
    hypo adj.
    inferior adj.
    underneath adj. adv.
    below adv.
    between adv. präp.
    among prep.
    beneath prep.
    nether prep.
    under prep.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Unter

  • 11 lattersalve

    subst. burst of laughter, gales of laughter

    Norsk-engelsk ordbok > lattersalve

  • 12 hurlement

    hurlement [ˈyʀləmɑ̃]
    masculine noun
    [de loup, chien] howl ; [de vent] howling uncount ; [de sirènes] wailing uncount ; [de pneus, freins] screech
    • pousser des hurlements (de douleur, de rage) to howl ; (de joie) to whoop
    * * *
    ’yʀləmɑ̃
    nom masculin ( d'animal) howl, howling [U]; ( de personne) yell, howl; ( de sirène) wail, wailing [U]
    * * *
    'yʀləmɑ̃ nm
    1) [personne] yell
    2) [animal] howl
    3) [vent] howling no pl
    * * *
    hurlement nm ( d'animal) howl, howling ¢; ( de personne) yell, howl; ( de sirène) wailing ¢, blaring ¢; pousser un hurlement de douleur to howl with pain.
    [ʼyrləmɑ̃] nom masculin
    1. [humain] yell, roar
    2. [d'un chien, d'un loup] howl
    3. (littéraire) [de la tempête] roar
    [du vent] howling, screaming
    [d'une sirène] howl

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > hurlement

  • 13 soulever

    soulever [sul(ə)ve]
    ➭ TABLE 5
    1. transitive verb
       a. ( = lever) [+ objet, malade, couvercle, rideau] to lift
    • cela me soulève le cœur [odeur] it makes me feel sick ; [attitude] it makes me sick
       b. [+ poussière] to raise
       c. [+ enthousiasme, colère] to arouse ; [+ protestations, applaudissements, difficultés, questions] to raise
       d. ( = évoquer) [+ question, problème] to raise
    2. reflexive verb
       a. ( = se lever) [personne] to lift o.s. up ; [poitrine] to heave
       b. ( = s'insurger) to rise up
    * * *
    sulve
    1.
    1) ( déplacer vers le haut) [personne] to lift [objet]; [vent, tourbillon, véhicule] to whip up [feuilles, poussière]

    soulever quelqu'un/quelque chose de terre — [personne] to pick somebody/something up; [vent] to sweep somebody/something up into the air

    2) ( entraîner) to arouse [enthousiasme, colère, dégoût]; to stir up [foule, peuple, opinion] ( contre against); to raise [problèmes, difficultés, obstacles]; to give rise to [protestations, applaudissements]
    3) ( faire considérer) to raise [question, problème, interrogation]

    2.
    se soulever verbe pronominal
    1) ( se dresser) to raise oneself up
    2) ( se révolter) to rise up ( contre against)
    ••

    ça me soulève le cœur — ( odeur) it turns my stomach; ( attitude) it makes me sick

    * * *
    sul(ə)ve vt
    1) [poids] to lift

    Je n'arrive pas à soulever cette valise. — I can't lift this suitcase.

    2) (= faire s'élever) [vagues, poussière] to send up
    3) [peuple] to stir up
    4) (= provoquer) [enthousiasme] to arouse, [protestations, difficultés] to raise, to give rise to, [débat] to give rise to
    5) [question] to raise

    Il faudra soulever la question lors de la réunion. — We'll have to raise the matter at the meeting.

    6)
    * * *
    soulever verb table: lever
    A vtr
    1 ( déplacer vers le haut) [personne] to lift [objet]; [vent, tourbillon, véhicule] to whip up [feuilles, poussière]; soulever qn/qch de terre [personne] to pick sb/sth up; [vent] to sweep sb/sth up into the air; les vagues soulevaient le navire the waves lifted the ship up; ⇒ montagne;
    2 ( entraîner) to arouse [enthousiasme, colère, dégoût]; to stir up [foule, peuple, opinion] (contre against); to raise [problèmes, difficultés, obstacles]; to give rise to [protestations, tollé, applaudissements, débats]; ils ont réussi à soulever l'opinion contre les syndicats they succeeded in stirring up opinion against the unions;
    3 ( faire considérer) to raise [question, problème, interrogation]; la nouvelle réforme soulève encore une fois la question the new reform once again raises the issue;
    4 ○( dérober) to nick○ GB, to swipe○ [objet, portefeuille];
    5 ◑( séduire) to pull○ GB, to make○ US [fille, femme].
    1 ( se dresser) to raise oneself up; il demanda au malade de se soulever un peu he asked the patient to raise himself up a bit; je me suis soulevé pour mieux voir I raised myself to see better; il s'est soulevé sur un coude he propped himself up on his elbow; la couverture se soulève au rythme de sa respiration the blanket rises and falls with his/her breathing;
    2 ( se révolter) [peuple, groupe] to rise up (contre against).
    ça me soulève le cœur or l'estomac (odeur, sensation) it turns my stomach; (attitude, ignominie) it makes me sick.
    [sulve] verbe transitif
    1. [pour porter, élever - charge] to lift (up) ; [ - couvercle, loquet] to lift ; [ - capot] to lift, to open ; [ - personne allongée] to raise (up) ; [ - personne debout] to lift (up) ; [ - voile] to lift ; [ - chapeau] to raise ; [ - voiture] to lift ; [ - voiture sur cric] to jack up (separable) ; [ - avec effort] to heave
    soulever quelqu'un/quelque chose de terre to lift somebody/something off the ground
    2. [remuer - poussière, sable] to raise
    3. [provoquer - protestations, tollé] to raise ; [ - enthousiasme, émotion] to arouse ; [ - difficulté] to bring up (separable), to raise
    4. [poser - question, objection] to raise, to bring up (separable)
    5. [pousser à se révolter - population] to stir up (separable)
    6. [retourner]
    soulever le cœur: ça m'a soulevé le cœur it turned my stomach, it made me sick
    7. (très familier) [prendre - chose] to pinch ; [ - mari, maîtresse] to steal
    ————————
    se soulever verbe pronominal intransitif
    1. [se redresser] to lift ou to raise oneself up
    [poitrine] to heave
    3. [peuple] to rise up (inseparable), to revolt

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > soulever

  • 14 FYRIR

    * * *
    prep.
    I. with dat.
    1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);
    fyrir dyrum, before the door;
    2) before one, in one’s presence;
    hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;
    3) for;
    hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;
    4) before one, in one’s way;
    fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;
    sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;
    5) naut. term. before, off;
    liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;
    fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;
    6) before, at the head of, over;
    vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;
    vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;
    sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;
    7) of time, ago;
    fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;
    fyrir stundu, a while ago;
    fyrir löngu, long ago;
    vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);
    8) before, above, superior to;
    Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;
    9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;
    þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;
    tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;
    10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;
    mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;
    varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;
    Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;
    11) because of, for;
    hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;
    fyrir hræðslu, for fear;
    illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;
    gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;
    fyrir því at, because, since, as;
    12) against;
    gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;
    beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;
    13) fyrir sér, of oneself;
    mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;
    minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;
    14) denoting manner or quality, with;
    hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;
    II. with acc.
    1) before, in front of;
    halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;
    2) before, into the presence of;
    stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;
    3) over;
    hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;
    kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;
    4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;
    ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;
    5) round, off;
    sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;
    6) along, all along;
    fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;
    draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;
    7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;
    fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;
    8) for, on behalf of;
    vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;
    lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;
    9) for, for the benefit of;
    þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);
    10) for, instead of, in place of, as;
    11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);
    fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);
    fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;
    12) denoting value, price;
    fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;
    fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;
    13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);
    14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);
    fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;
    fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;
    fyrir handan á, beyond the river;
    fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;
    III. as adverb or ellipt.
    1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;
    þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;
    2) first;
    mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;
    3) at hand, present, to the fore;
    föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;
    þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);
    4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;
    Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;
    e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).
    * * *
    prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either  (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]
    WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.
    2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.
    3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.
    II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.
    2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).
    3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.
    4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.
    III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.
    IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.
    V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.
    B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.
    2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.
    II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).
    2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.
    III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.
    2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.
    IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.
    V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.
    2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.
    β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.
    VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.
    VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.
    2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.
    VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).
    β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.
    IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.
    X. as adverb or ellipt.,
    1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.
    β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.
    2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.
    3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.
    XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.
    XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.
    WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.
    2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.
    3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.
    4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).
    II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.
    III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.
    2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.
    IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.
    B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.
    II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.
    III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.
    IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.
    V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.
    VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.
    2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.
    2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.
    VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.
    IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.
    X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.
    2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.
    XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.
    ☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:
    I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.
    β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.
    2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.
    II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:
    1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.
    2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FYRIR

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