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101 श्रुतिः _śrutiḥ
श्रुतिः f. [श्रु-क्तिन्]1 Hearing; चन्द्रस्य ग्रहणमिति श्रुतेः Mu.1.7; R.1.27.-2 The ear; श्रुतिसुखभ्रमरस्वनगीतयः R.9.35; Śi.1.1; Ve.3.23.-3 Report, rumour, news, oral intelligence.-4 A sound in general; सा तु वेदश्रुतिं श्रुत्वा दृष्ट्वा वै तमसो निधिम् Rām.7.2.17; स वेत्ति गन्धांश्च रसान् श्रुतीश्च Mb.12.187.19.-5 The Veda (known by revelation, opp. स्मृति; see under वेद); श्रुतिस्तु वेदो विज्ञेयो धर्मशास्रं तु वै स्मृतिः Ms.2.1,14.-6 A Vedic or sacred text; इति श्रुतेः or इति श्रुतिः 'so says a sacred text'.-7 Vedic or sacred knowledge, holy learning; यत्रैषा सात्वती श्रुतिः Bhāg.1.4.7;11.3.46.-8 (In music) A divi- sion of the octavo, a quarter tone or interval; रणद्भिरा- घट्टनया नभस्वतः पृथग्विभिन्नश्रुतिमण्डलैः स्वरैः Śi.1.1;11.1; (see Malli. ad loc.).-9 The constellation Śravaṇa.-1 The diagonal of a tetragon, the hypotenuse of a trian- gle; cf. कर्ण.-11 Direct or expressed signification (opp. लक्षणा); श्रुतिलक्षणाविशये च श्रुतिर्न्याय्या न लक्षणा ŚB. on MS.6.2.2.-12 Speech (वाक्); विविक्तवर्णाभरणा सुखश्रुतिः Ki.14.3.-13 Name, fame (कीर्ति); हैरण्यौ भवतो बाहू श्रुतिर्भवति पार्थिवी Mb.3.35.9.-14 A word, saw, saying; Rām.2.72.25.-15 An explanation of ब्रह्म from the उपनिषद्s; विविधाश्चौपनिषदीरात्मसंसिद्धये श्रुतीः Ms.6.29 (com. श्रुतीरुपनिषत्पठितब्रह्मप्रतिपादकवाक्यानि).-16 Advantage, gain (फलश्रुति); उपोष्य संशितो भूत्वा हित्वा वेदकृताः श्रुतीः Mb.12. 265.7.-17 Name, title; बिभ्रत्यनन्यविषयां लोकपाल इति श्रुतिम् Kāv.2.331.-18 Learning.-19 Scholarship.-Comp. -अनुप्रासः a kind of alliteration; see K. P.9.-अर्थः the sense of a sentence derived on the strength of the श्रुतिप्रमाण as distinguished from लङ्ग, वाक्य and other प्रमाणs; यत्र श्रुत्यर्थो न सम्भवति तत्र वाक्यार्थो गृह्यते ŚB. on MS.6.2.14.-उक्त, -उदित a. enjoined by the Vedas; आचारः परमो धर्मः श्रुत्युक्तः स्मार्त एव च Ms.1.18.-कटः 1 a snake.-2 penance, expiation.-कटु a. harsh to hear. (-टुः) a harsh or unmelodious sound, regarded as a fault of composition.-कथित a. enjoined or prescribed by the Vedas.-चोदनम्, -नः a scriptural injunction, Vedic precept.-जातिविशारद a. familiar with different kinds of quarter tones; वीणावादनतत्त्वज्ञः श्रुतिजातिविशारदः । तालज्ञश्चाप्रयासेन मोक्षमार्गं नियच्छति ॥ Y.3.115.-जीविका a law-book or code of laws.-दूषक a. offending the ear.-द्वैधम् disagreement or contradiction of Vedas or Vedic precepts; श्रुतिद्वैधं तु यत्र स्यात्तत्र धर्माबुभौ स्मृतौ Ms.2.14.-धर a.1 hearing.-2 having a retentive memory; L. D. B.-निदर्शनम् evidence of the Vedas; कामकार- कृते$प्याहुरेके श्रुतिनिदर्शनात् Ms.11.45.-पथः 1 the range of the ear; तामाश्रित्य श्रुतिपथगतामास्थया लब्धमूलः M.4.1.-2 (pl.) tradition.-प्रसादन a. grateful to the ear.-प्रामाण्यम् authority or sanction of the Vedas.-प्रामाण्यतः ind. on the authority of the Veda; श्रुति- प्रामाण्यतो विद्वान् स्वधर्मे निविशेत वै Ms.2.8.-मण्डलम् 1 the outer ear.-2 the whole circle of the quarter-tones; Śi.1.1.-महत् a. rich in scriptural lore; सरस्वती श्रुतिमहतां महीयताम् Ś.7.35 (v. l. श्रुतमहताम्).-मूलम् 1 the root of the ear; लपितुं किमपि श्रुतिमूले Gīt.1.-2 a Vedic text.-मूलक a. founded on the Veda.-वचनम् a Ve- dic precept.-वर्जित a.1 deaf.-2 not knowing the Vedas.-विप्रतिपन्न a.1 not recognizing the authority of the scriptures, disregarding the Vedas.-2 contrary to the Vedas.-विवरम् the auditory passage.-विशेष- णार्थम् ind. for specialization in the Vedas; Svapna.1.-विषयः 1 the object of the sense of hearing i. e. sound; श्रुतिविषयगुणा या स्थिता व्याप्य विश्वम् Ś.1.1.-2 the reach or range of the ear; एतत् प्रायेण श्रुतिविषयमापतितमेव K.-3 the subject matter of the Veda.-4 any sacred ordi- nance.-वेधः boring the ear.-शिखरम्, -शिरस् 1 Upaniṣad or Vedānta; नमः सर्वेष्टाय श्रुतिशिखरदृष्टाय च नमः Viṣṇu-mahimna 3.-2 a leading text of the Veda.-सुख, -मनोहर a. agreeable to the ear, melodious; श्रुतिसुखमुपवीणितं सहायैः Ki.1.38.-स्फोटा Gynandropsis Pentaphylla (Mar. तिळवण).-स्मृति f. (dual) revela- tion and legal institutes, Veda and law; श्रुतिस्मृति- पुराणोक्तफलप्राप्त्यर्थम् Pūjā-mantra.-हारिन् a. captivating the ear. -
102 साधन _sādhana
साधन a. (-नी f.) [साध् णिच् ल्यु ल्युट् वा]1 Accompli- shing, effecting &c.-2 Procuring.-3 Conjuring up (a spirit).-4 Denoting, expresssive of.-नम् 1 Accom- plishing, effecting, performing, as in स्वार्थसाधनम्.-2 Fulfilment, accomplishment, complete attiainment of an object; प्रजार्थसाधने तौ हि पर्यायोद्यतकार्मुकौ R.4.16.-3 A means, an expedient, a means of accomplishing any- thing; असाधना अपि प्राज्ञा बुद्धिमन्तो बहुश्रुताः । साधयन्त्याशु कार्याणि Pt.2.1; शरीरमाद्यं खलु धर्मसाधनम् Ku.5.33,52; R.1.19; 4.36,62.-4 An instrument, agent; कुठारः छिदिक्रिया- साधनम्-5 The efficient cause, source, cause in general.-6 The instrumental case.-7 Implement, apparatus.-8 Appliance, materials.-9 Matter, ingredients, substance.-1 An army or a part thereof; व्यावृत्तं च विपक्षतो भवति यत्तत्साधनं सिद्धये Mu.5.1.-11 Aid, help, assistance (in general).-12 Proof, substantiation, demonstration.-13 The hetu or middle term in a syllo- gism, reason, that which leads to a conclusion; साध्ये निश्चितमन्वयेन घटितं बिभ्रत् सपक्षे स्थितिं । व्यावृत्तं च विपक्षतो भवति यत्तत् साधनं सिद्धये ॥ Mu.5.1.-14 Subduing, overcoming.-15 Subduing by charms.-16 Accomplishing anything by charms or magic.-17 Healing, curing.-18 Killing, destroying; फलं च तस्य प्रतिसाधनम् Ki.14.17.-19 Conci- liating, propitiating, winning over.-2 Going out, setting forward, departure.-21 Going after, following.-22 Penance, self-mortification.-23 Attainment of final beatitude.-24 A medicinal preparation, drug, medicine.-25 (In law) Enforcement of the the deli- very of anything, or of the payment of debt, infliction of fine.-26 A bodily organ.-27 The penis.-28 An udder.-29 Wealth.-3 Friendship.-31 Profit, advantage.-32 Burning a dead body.-33 Obsequies.-34 Killing or oxydation of metals.-35 Proof, argu- ment.-36 Conflict, battle.-37 (In gram.) Instru- ment, agent.-38 Making ready, preparation.-39 Gain, acquisition.-4 Calculation.-Comp. -अध्यक्षः Superintendent or captain of the military forces.-अर्ह a. worthy of being proved or accomplished.-क्रिया 1 a finite verb.-2 an action connected with a Kāraka.-क्षम a. admitting proof.-निर्देशः production of proof.-पत्रम् a document used as evidence. -
103 øyemed
subst. object, aim, end (jus) (vinnings øyemed) purpose of gain (i det øyemed) for that purpose -
104 добиваться
1. страд. к добивать 2. добиться1. (рд.) obtain (d.); ( достигать) achieve (d.); ( обеспечивать) secure (d.); несов. тж. try to get / obtain / achieve / secure (d.), strive* (for, + to inf.); seek* after (d.); make* efforts to attain (d.)настойчиво добиваться (рд.) — press (for)
добиться мира — achieve / secure peace
добиваться соглашения (с тв.) — seek* agreement (with)
добиться поддержки, своих прав — win* the support, one's rights
добиться высокой производительности труда — succeed in increasing the productivity, achieve higher productivity
добиваться невозможного — strive* for the impossible; try to square the circle идиом.
добиваться того, чтобы стать... — strive* to become...
добиться своего — gain one's end / object; get* one's way
♢
не добиться толку от кого-л. — be unable to get any sense out of smb. -
105 прямой
1. straight; (вертикальный, выпрямившийся) upright, erectидти прямой дорогой — take*, или go* by, a direct route
прямой угол мат. — right angle
прямая кишка анат. — rectum
2. ( без промежуточных инстанций) throughговорить по прямому проводу (с тв.) — speak* on a direct line (to)
3. ( непосредственный) directпрямой наследник — direct heir, heir in a direct line
прямой вопрос, ответ — direct question, answer
5. ( безусловный) real♢
прямая речь — direct speechпрямая противоположность (дт.) — exact opposite (to)
прямая наводка воен. — direct laying
прямой наводкой — over open sights, by direct laying
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106 досягати
= досягти1) ( діставатися кудись) to reach, to come, to get, to arrive (at), to come up (to)досягати берега — to reach land, to gain the shore
2) ( доходити до певного рівня) to reach (to); (про кількість, суму) to amount, to run, to come (to)досягати повноліття — to come of age, to attain one's majority
досягати рівня — to measure, to measure up
3) (успіхів, мети) to attain, to achieveдосягати вершини чогось — to culminate, to come to a head
досягати мети — to secure ( to attain) one's object, to effect one's purpose, to achieve one's end
досягати успіху — to attain (to achieve, to touch) success
4) ( доторкатися) to reach, to touch -
107 a-şi atinge scopul
to succeed in / to secure one's objectto attain / to gain one's endto come to one's endto carry one's pointto hit / to accomplish one's aimto make the grade -
108 དངོས་རྙེད་
[dngos rnyed]real or substantial gain, obtaining one's object, anxious, thoughtful -
109 དོན་སྒྲུབ་པ་
[don sgrub pa]attain one's aim, obtain a blessing, gain one's object -
110 EK
I) pers. pron. I;in poetry and old prose a pronominal k is suffixed to the verb, emk = em ek, vask = vas ek; sák = sá ek; mundak = munda ek; even if preceded by ek: ek sék, ek sitk; a preceding g becomes by assimilation k, hykk = hygg ek; the pronominal k is inserted between the suffixed negative, -a or -at, and the verb, sáka = sá ek-a, I saw not; veitka = veit ek-a, I know not.* * *pers. pron., mod. eg, proncd. ég or jeg; eg occurs as early as in MSS. of the 15th century, Arna-Magn. 556 A; jak, Fms. x. 287, cp. the mod. Swed. form and the mod. Icel. jeg; old poets make it rhyme with ek, as, Halldórr ok ek | höfum engi þrek, Korm. 154 (in a verse), cp. Ld. 108: [Ulf. ïk, but ek on the Golden horn and on the stone in Tune; A. S. ic; Engl. I; Germ. ich; old Swed. jak, mod. jag; Dan. jeg; cp. Lat. ego, Gr. ἐγώ]:—I, Nj. 10, 30, 132, etc.2. in poetry and old prose a pronominal ‘k or ‘g is suffixed to the verb; em’k búinn annan í at nefna, Grág. i. 103; ek em’k, 623. 56, Blas. 41, Mork. 89, 94, 99, 104, Vþm. 8, Ls. 14, Ad. 1, Post. 645. 33; jók’k, ‘I eked’ ( added), Íb. (pref.); vas’k þar fjórtán vetr, ch. 9; þá er ek var’k á bænum, Blas. 40, Hm. 12; ek bað’k, Post. 645. 54; ek kom’k, Skm. 18; ek sit’k, Mork. 168; ek finn’k, 141; ek nam’k, 73; sá’k, 75; ek sé’k ( video), 103, 168, Fms. xi. 110; mun’k-at ek, Mork. 50; svá ek vind’k, Hm. 156; ok rít’k á þessa lund, Skálda (Thorodd) 166; sjá’k ( sim), Mork. 183: g before k becomes by assimilation k, e. g. hyk’k = hygg’k, Skm. 5: the pronominal k is inserted between the suffixed negative and the verb, ek skal’k-a, hef’k-a, mon’k-a, sa’k-a, ma’k-a, veit’k-a, or skal’k-a ek, hef’k-a ek, etc.: even a double k after a diphthong, siá’kk ( sim), Mork. 89, 134, but chiefly in poetry with the suffixed negative, e. g. ek sé’kk-a: this form is obsolete, whereas the suffixed g (or k) in bisyllables or after a vowel is more freq.; svá at ek fæ’k eigi leyzt mik, Edda 20; er ek vilda’g helzt, Fms. xi. 146; eigi munda’k trúa, Edda 32; ef ek lifi ok mega’k ráða, 34; þá hafða’k bundit með gresjarni, id.; sem önga frægð muna’k af hljóta, 20; sýnda’k bæði þeim ok Sæmundi, Íb. (pref.); þá er ek var heima heyrða’k sagt, Edda 81; er ek aeva kenni’g, Hm. 164; draums ætli’g þér, Hdl. 7; þorða’g, Ad. 1; ræka’g, mætta’g, Stor. 8; sky’t ek ok ræ’k (ræ’g, v. l.), Fms. vi. 170 (in a verse); líkara at ek vitja’g hingat þessa heita, Eg. 319; næða’k (or næða’g), if I could reach, Eb. 70 (in a verse); at ek nemni þá menn alla ok beiði’g, Grág. ii. 317; vilja’k, I will, Ht. 1; þvíat ek ætla’g, Ó. H. 59; ok náða’k svá öllu ríki þeirra, 74; þvíat ek trúi’k yðr bezt, 88; ek setta’k, Mork. 62; flytta’k, 94; geri’k, heyrða’k, 36; mæli’g, 39; ek vetti’g, 175; tefli’g, 186; setta’g, lagða’g, id.; vilda’g, 193; vide Lex. Poët. and the word ‘-at’ [p. 2]: sometimes a double pronoun occurs, g and k, mátti’g-a’k, Og. 32; bjargi’g-a’k, Hm. 153; stöðvi’g-a’k, 151; hversu ek má’k, Fms. vi. 102; vide Lex. Poët. and Frump. 228 sqq.B. DAT. AND ACC. are from a different root:—dat. mér, [Ulf. mis; Germ. mir; lost in Dan.], Nj. 10, etc. etc.; acc. mik, mod. mig, which form occurs even in MSS. at the beginning of the 14th century, e. g. Hauks-bók: mek occurs now and then in MSS., e. g. O. H. L., N. G. L., Sks. B, else it is rare and obsolete, Al. 42, Ó. H. 107, [Ulf. mik; A. S. mec; Engl. me; Germ. mich; Dan. mig.] As the word is so common, we shall only mention the use of mik which is special to the Scandinavian tongue, viz. its use as a verbal suffix. The ancients had a double form for the reflexive; for 1st pers. -mk, i. e. mik suffixed to the plur. of the verb; for the 3rd pers. -sk, i. e. sik suffixed to sing. and plur. alike; thus, ek (vér) þykkjumk, I (we) seem to myself ( ourselves); but hann þykkisk, he seems to himself; þeir þykkjask, they seem to themselves: the -mk was later changed into -mz, or - mst of editions and mod. use; but this is a grammatical decay, as if both - mst and -st (þykjumst and þykist) arose from the same reflex. sik.1. the subject may be another person or thing (plur. or sing.) and the personal pronoun mik suffixed as object to the verb, a kind of middle voice found in very old poems, and where it occurs freq. it is a test of antiquity; in prose it is quite obsolete: jötna vegir stóðum’k yfir ok undir, the ways of giants (i. e. precipices) stood above and beneath me, Hm. 106; er lögðum’k arm yfir, the lass who laid her arms round me, 108; mögr hétum’k fögru, my son promised me fair, Egil; hilmir buðum’k löð (acc.), the king gave me leave, i. e. bade me, sing, Höfuðl. 2; úlfs bagi gáfum’k íþrótt, the wolf’s foe ( Odin) gave me the art ( poetry), Stor. 23; Ragnarr gáfum’k reiðar mána, R. gave me the shield, Bragi; þat erum’k sýnt, it is shewn to me, id.; stöndum’k ilmr fyrir yndi, the lass blights my joy, Kormak; hugr tjáðum’k, courage helped me, Egil; snertum’k harmr við hjarta, grief touches me to the heart, Landn.; stöndum’k til hjarta hjörr, the sword pierces me to the heart, Fm. i; feldr brennum’k, my cloak catches fire, Gm. 1; draum dreymðum’k, I dreamed a dream; grimt várum’k hlið, the gap ( breach) was terrible to me, Stor. 6; hálf ván féllum’k, half my hope failed me, Gráfeldar-drápa; heiðnir rekkar hnekðum’k, the heathen men turned me out, Sighvat; dísir hvöttum’k at, the ‘dísir’ hooted us, Hðm. 29; gumi görðum’k at vigi, the man made us fight, id.; lyst várum’k, it list me, Am. 74: very common is erum’k, ‘tis to me (us); erum’k van, I (we) have to expect; mjök erum’k tregt tungu at hræra, ‘tis hard for me to move the tongue, i. e. the tongue cleaves to my mouth, Stor. 1, 17, Ad. 16.2. sometimes oneself is the subject, freq. in prose and poetry, either in deponent verbs or as reflex. or recipr.; at vit skilim’k sáttir, Ó. H. 119; at vér komim’k, that we shall come, 85; finnum’k hér þá, 108; ef vér finnum’k, 111; ek skildum’k við Ólaf konung, 126; ef ek komum’k í braut, 140; sigrom’k, if I gain the victory, 206; æðrom’k, 214; ef ek öndum’k, if I die, Eg. 127; ek berum’k, I bear myself, Grág. ii. 57, Mork. passim; ek þykkjum’k, þóttum’k, ráðum’k, látum’k, setjum’k, bjóðum’k, skildum’k, kveljum’k, etc., = ek þykisk, þóttisk, ræðsk, lætsk, setsk, býðsk, skildisk, kvelsk, etc.: even at the present day the forms eg þykjumst, þóttumst are often used in writing; in other words the suffix - mst (-mk) is almost obsolete.β. the obsolete interjection er mik = I am; vel er mik, well is me (= ‘bless me!’), O. H. L. 71; æ er mik, ah me! 64; kendr er mik, I am known, 66: with a reflex. notion, hvat er mik at því, what is that to me? Skv. 1. 28; er mik þat undir frétt þeirri, that is my reason for asking, Grág. i. 19:—this ‘er mik’ is clearly the remains of the old erum’k.C. DUAL AND PLUR. also from a different root:1. dual vit, mod. við, a Norse form mit also occurs, Al. 170, 171, [cp. mi, Ivar Aasen]:—we two; gen. and dat. from a different root, okkar and okkr, [cp. Goth. ïggqis; A. S. inc and incer; O. H. G. inch and inchar; Ivar Aasen dikke and dykk]:—our.2. plur.:α. nom. vér and vær, the last form now obsolete, [Goth. veis; A. S. and Engl. we; Germ. wir; Dan. vi]:—we.β. gen. vár, mod. vor, Eg. 524, Fms. viii. 213, 398, etc.γ. dat. and acc. oss, [Goth. uns (acc.), unsis (dat.); A. S. us; Germ. uns; Swed. oss; Dan. os]:—us: it need only be noticed that in mod. familiar usage the dual—við, okkr, okkar—has taken the place of the plural, vér, oss; but that in written books the forms vér, oss are still in freq. use, except in light or familiar style; old writers, on the other hand, made a clear distinction both in speech and writing. -
111 कुमार
kumārá
fr. 2. kam Uṇ. III, 138) a child, boy, youth;
son RV. AV. etc.;
a prince, heir-apparent associated in the kingdom with the reigning monarch (especially in theatrical language) Ragh. Mālav. etc.;
a groom L. ;
N. of Skanda ( orᅠ Kārittikeya q.v.;
represented as a beautiful youth;
alsoᅠ as the author of certain grammatical Sūtras cf. kalâ̱pa;
alsoᅠ as causing certain diseases Suṡr.) MBh. Hariv. etc.;
N. of a son of Agni (who is the author of some Vedic hymns) RAnukr. ;
one of the nine names of Agni ṠBr. VI ;
N. of a Prajāpati VāyuP. ;
of Mañju-ṡrī Buddh. ;
of a river VP. ;
of the Sindhu river L. ;
of the author of a Dharmaṡāstra;
of the attendant of the twelfth Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī Jain. ;
a parrot L. ;
the tree Capparis trifoliata (cf. kumāraka);
(ās) m. pl. N. of a people MBh. II, 1075 and 1870 ;
(cf. kumālaka);
(ī́) f. a young girl, one from ten to twelve years old, maiden, daughter AV. AitBr. etc.;
orᅠ (in the Tantras.) any virgin up to the age of sixteen orᅠ before menstruation has commenced;
N. of certain flags (set up along with Indra's banner) VarBṛS. ;
N. of the wife of Bhīma-sena (son of Parīkshit) MBh. I, 3796 ;
of a daughter of Vasu-deva by Rohiṇī Hariv. 1952 ;
of Sītā (Rāma's wife) L. ;
of the goddess Durgā Hariv. 9425 ;
of Dākshāyaṇī (in Māyā-purī) MatsyaP. ;
of a metre (a kind of Ṡakvarī, consisting of four lines of sixteen syllables each);
the bird commonly called Ṡyāmā L. ;
the plant Aloe perfoliata L. ;
the plant Clitoria ternatea (= a-parājitā) L. ;
the plant Jasminum Sambac L. ;
the plant commonly called bandhyā-karkoṭakī L. ;
the blossom of the plants Taruṇī andᅠ Modinī L. ;
great cardamoms L. ;
the most southerly of the nine portions of the known continent orᅠ of Jambū-dvīpa (the southern extremity of the peninsula, whence the modern name Cape Comorin < Kumārī>) W. ;
the central part of the universe (according to Hindū geography, Jambū-dvīpa orᅠ India) L. ;
N. of a river flowing from the mountain Ṡuktimat MBh. Hariv. VP. ;
of another river Hcat. ;
(when a name is given to a pupil to indicate his attachment to any particular master, kumārī may be prefixed to denote that the pupil's object is to gain the affections of the master's daughter e.g.. kumārī-dāksha q.v. s.v. kumārī);
(am) n. N. of a Varsha governed by Kumāra (the son of Bhavya) VP. ;
pure gold L. ;
- कुमारकुलटा
- कुमारकुशल
- कुमारगर्भिणी
- कुमारगुप्त
- कुमारघातिन्
- कुमारचपल
- कुमारजीव
- कुमारतापसी
- कुमारत्व
- कुमारदत्त
- कुमारदर्शन
- कुमारदास
- कुमारदेवी
- कुमारदेष्ण
- कुमारधारा
- कुमारनिपुण
- कुमारपटु
- कुमारपण्डित
- कुमारपाल
- कुमारप्रव्रजिता
- कुमारबन्धकी
- कुमारभट्ट
- कुमारभृत्या
- कुमारललिता
- कुमारवन
- कुमारवारिधारा
- कुमारवाहिन्
- कुमारव्रत
- कुमारशिरस्
- कुमारश्रमणा
- कुमारसम्भव
- कुमारसिंह
- कुमारसू
- कुमारसेन
- कुमारस्वामिन्
- कुमारहारित
- कुमारागार
- कुमाराध्यापक
- कुमाराभिरूपक
- कुमाराभिषेक
- कुमारेश्वरतीर्थ
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112 ci|ało
n 1. (tkanka mięsna) flesh U- jędrne ciało firm flesh- żywe ciało raw flesh- na całym ciele all over the body- pasek wrzynał się jej w pulchne ciało the belt cut into her ample flesh- nabierać ciała a. przybierać na ciele to put on weight- spadać a. opadać z ciała to lose weight2. (organizm) body- ciało ludzkie the human body- budowa ciała build- części ciała body parts- waga ciała body weight3. (materialny aspekt życia) flesh, body- dusza i ciało body and spirit a. soul- grzechy ciała the sins of the flesh- potrzeby ciała bodily needs- była obecna ciałem, ale zupełnie nieobecna duchem she was present in body, but her mind was somewhere else entirely4. książk. (grupa osób) body- ciało ustawodawcze a legislative body- ciało dyplomatyczne the diplomatic corps- ciało pedagogiczne the teaching staff5. (zwłoki) (dead) body, corpse- złożyć ciało do grobu to lower a coffin into a grave6. Chem., Fiz. body- □ Boże Ciało Relig. Corpus Christi- ciała polimorficzne Chem., Geol. polymorphous substances- ciało algebraiczne Mat. algebraic number field- Ciało Chrystusa Relig. The Body of Christ- ciało ferromagnetyczne Fiz. ferromagnetic body- ciało gazowe Fiz. gaseous body- ciało izomorficzne Chem. isomorph- ciało liczbowe Mat. number field- ciało niebieskie celestial a. heavenly body, celestial object- ciało obce Med.foreign body- ciało odpornościowe zw. pl Med. immune body, antibody- ciało płynne Fiz. liquid body- ciało stałe Fiz. solid (body)- ciało stałe krystaliczne Chem. crystalline solid- ciało szkliste Anat. vitreous body- ciało sztywne Fiz. rigid body■ a słowo ciałem się stało Relig. and the word was made flesh; (w zaskoczeniu) well I never!; (coś doszło do skutku) lo and behold iron.- dogadzać ciału to pamper oneself a. one’s flesh- na duszy i ciele in body and spirit- poświęcać się czemuś duszą i ciałem to throw oneself into sth heart and soul- stawać się ciałem a. przyoblekać się w ciało książk. [pomysł, plan] to materialize, to come to fruition; [marzenia] to come true- świecić gołym ciałem to wear ragged clothes- cierp ciało, kiedy ci się chciało przysł. that’s the price you pay; no pain, no gain US- przejadłeś się? – cierp ciało, kiedy ci się chciało eaten too much? – that’s the price you payThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ci|ało
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113 достигать цели
to achieve/attain/gain one's object, to hit the target -
114 цель
сущ.aim; end(s); goal; object; objective; purpose; target; ( намерение) intent; intentionдобиваться цели — to achieve (attain, reach) one's aim (goal, objective)
использовать в своих политических целях — ( что-л) to exploit (use) ( smth) for one's own political gain
служить цели — to serve the aim (goal, purpose) (of + ing)
с целю — in order to; to this effect (end); to these ends; with the aim (goal, purpose) (of + ing); with a view (to + ing); with that end in view; ( дружеского урегулирования спора) with a view to securing a friendly settlement of a dispute (matter)
достижение общих целей — achievement (attainment) of common aims (goals, ends, objectives)
несовместимый с целями и принципами ООН — incompatible (inconsistent) with the purposes and principles of the UNO (of the United Nations)
- цель преступленияцели и принципы, заявленные в преамбуле — purposes and principles stated in the preamble
- высшая цель
- главная цель
- долгосрочная цель
- достижимая цель
- конечная цель
- краткосрочная цель
- определённая цель
- основные цели и принципы ООН -
115 добиваться
I II несов. - добива́ться, сов. - доби́ться1) (рд.; стремиться к чему-л) (try to) obtain (d); ( достигать) (try to) achieve (d); ( обеспечивать) assure (d), secure (d); несов. тж. strive (for + to inf); seek (after)насто́йчиво добива́ться (рд.) — press (for)
добива́ться соглаше́ния (с тв.) — seek agreement (with)
доби́ться ми́ра — achieve / secure peace
доби́ться реши́тельной побе́ды — win a decisive victory
доби́ться подде́ржки (от) — win / enlist smb's support
мо́жно мно́гого доби́ться — a great deal can be gained
доби́ться успе́ха — score (a) success
добива́ться невозмо́жного — strive for the impossible; try to square the circle идиом.
добива́ться того́, что́бы стать... — strive to become...
доби́ться своего́ — gain one's end / object; get / have one's way
2) разг. (кого́-л; стремиться к любви с кем-л) (try to) win smb••не доби́ться то́лку от кого́-л — be unable to get any sense out of smb
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116 прямой
1) ( без изгибов) straightпряма́я ли́ния — straight line
идти́ прямо́й доро́гой — take [go by] a direct route [ruːt]
2) (вертикальный, выпрямившийся) upright, erect3) (непосредственный, без промежуточных инстанций) throughпо́езд прямо́го сообще́ния — through train
прямы́м путём — directly
говори́ть по прямо́му про́воду (с тв.) — speak on a direct line (to)
прямая прода́жа — direct selling
прямая почто́вая рекла́ма — direct mail advertising
прямы́е вы́боры — direct elections
прямо́й нало́г — direct tax
прямо́й насле́дник — direct heir [eə], heir in a direct line
4) ( откровенный) straightforward; frank; sincereпрямо́й вопро́с [отве́т] — direct / straightforward question [answer]
5) ( безусловный) realпрямо́й убы́ток — straight loss
пряма́я вы́года — sure gain
••прямо́й у́гол мат. — right angle
пряма́я кишка́ анат. — rectum
пряма́я речь — direct speech
прямо́е дополне́ние грам. — direct object
в прямо́м смы́сле э́того сло́ва — in the literal sense of the word
пряма́я противополо́жность (дт.) — exact opposite [-zɪt] (to)
пряма́я наво́дка воен. — direct laying
прямо́й наво́дкой — over open sights, by direct laying
прямо́й пробо́р — parting in the middle
прямая переда́ча (по радио, телевидению) — live [laɪv] / direct transmission [-nz-]
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117 добиваться
to strive (for), to seek, to try to get; (достигать) to achieve, to obtain, to attain, to secureдобиваться доверия — to seek (smb.'s) confidence
добиваться заключения международного договора / соглашения — to press for an international agreement / treaty
добиваться невозможного — to strive for the impossible, to try to square the circle
добиваться одобрения — to seek (smb.'s) approval
добиваться поддержки / помощи — to seek (smb.'s) support / aid / help
добиваться своего — to gain one's end / object, to put one's case over
настойчиво добиваться — to persevere, to press (for)
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118 adfectato
I.To strive after a thing, to exert one's self to obtain, to pursue, to aim to do: adfectare est pronum animum ad faciendum habere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 2 Müll.—So, adfectare viam or iter, trop., to enter on or take a way, in order to arrive at a destined point (very freq. in Plaut. and Ter.):II.ut me defraudes, ad eam rem adfectas viam,
you are on your way to this, Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 12; id. Aul. 3, 6, 39:hi gladiatorio animo ad me adfectant viam,
set upon me, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 71; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 60:quam viam munitet, quod iter adfectet, videtis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 48.—So in other cases:cur opus adfectas novum?
Ov. Am. 1, 1, 14: adfectare spem, to cling to or cherish, Liv. 28, 18; cf. Ov. M. 5, 377: navem, to seize or lay hold of:verum ubi nulla datur dextrā adfectare potestas (of the giant Polyphemus),
Verg. A. 3, 670.—To endeavor to make one's own, to pursue, strive after, aspire to, aim at, desire:B.munditiem, non adfluentiam adfectabat,
Nep. Att. 13, 5; Cic. Her. 4, 22:diligentiam,
Plin. 17, 1, 1:magnificentiam verborum,
Quint. 3, 8, 61:elegantiam Graecae orationis verbis Latinis,
Gell. 17, 20:artem,
Val. Max. 8, 7, n. 1 extr. — Pass.: morbo adfectari, to be seized or attacked by disease, Liv. 29, 10 init. —In a bad sense, to strive after a thing passionately, to aim at or aspire to:C.dominationes, Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17: caelum,
Ov. Am. 3, 8, 51:uniones,
Plin. 9, 35, 56:regnum,
Liv. 1, 46, 2; 2, 7, 6:imperium in Latinos,
id. 1, 50, 4:cruorem alicujus,
Stat. Th. 11, 539:immortalitatem,
Curt. 4, 7.—Also with inf. as object, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 9:non ego sidereas adfecto tangere sedes,
Ov. A. A. 2, 39; Stat. Th. 1, 132: Sil. 4, 138; Quint. 5, 10, 28:qui esse docti adfectant,
id. 10, 1, 97.—In the histt., to seek to draw to one's self, to try to gain over:D.civitates formidine adfectare,
Sall. J. 66:Gallias,
Vell. 2, 39:Galliarum societatem,
Tac. H. 4, 17; 1, 23; 4, 66; id. G. 37, 9; Flor. 2, 2, 3.—To imitate a thing faultily, or with dissimulation, to affect, feign (only post-Aug.):crebrum anhelitum,
Quint. 11, 3, 56:imitationem antiquitatis,
id. 11, 3, 10:famam clementiae,
Tac. H. 2, 63:studium carminum,
id. A. 14, 16; so Suet. Vesp. 23: Plin. Pan. 20.—Hence, adfectātus, a, um, P. a.; in rhetoric, choice, select, or farfetched; studied:subtilitas,
Quint. 3, 11, 21:scurrilitas,
id. 11, 1, 30:(gradatio) apertiorem habet artem et magis adfectatam,
id. 9, 3, 54:adfectata et parum naturalia,
id. 11, 3, 10 (but in 12, 10, 45 the correct read. is effectius, acc. to Spald.).— Adv.: adfec-tātō, studiously, zealously, Lampr. Heliog. 17. -
119 adfecto
I.To strive after a thing, to exert one's self to obtain, to pursue, to aim to do: adfectare est pronum animum ad faciendum habere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 2 Müll.—So, adfectare viam or iter, trop., to enter on or take a way, in order to arrive at a destined point (very freq. in Plaut. and Ter.):II.ut me defraudes, ad eam rem adfectas viam,
you are on your way to this, Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 12; id. Aul. 3, 6, 39:hi gladiatorio animo ad me adfectant viam,
set upon me, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 71; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 60:quam viam munitet, quod iter adfectet, videtis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 48.—So in other cases:cur opus adfectas novum?
Ov. Am. 1, 1, 14: adfectare spem, to cling to or cherish, Liv. 28, 18; cf. Ov. M. 5, 377: navem, to seize or lay hold of:verum ubi nulla datur dextrā adfectare potestas (of the giant Polyphemus),
Verg. A. 3, 670.—To endeavor to make one's own, to pursue, strive after, aspire to, aim at, desire:B.munditiem, non adfluentiam adfectabat,
Nep. Att. 13, 5; Cic. Her. 4, 22:diligentiam,
Plin. 17, 1, 1:magnificentiam verborum,
Quint. 3, 8, 61:elegantiam Graecae orationis verbis Latinis,
Gell. 17, 20:artem,
Val. Max. 8, 7, n. 1 extr. — Pass.: morbo adfectari, to be seized or attacked by disease, Liv. 29, 10 init. —In a bad sense, to strive after a thing passionately, to aim at or aspire to:C.dominationes, Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17: caelum,
Ov. Am. 3, 8, 51:uniones,
Plin. 9, 35, 56:regnum,
Liv. 1, 46, 2; 2, 7, 6:imperium in Latinos,
id. 1, 50, 4:cruorem alicujus,
Stat. Th. 11, 539:immortalitatem,
Curt. 4, 7.—Also with inf. as object, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 9:non ego sidereas adfecto tangere sedes,
Ov. A. A. 2, 39; Stat. Th. 1, 132: Sil. 4, 138; Quint. 5, 10, 28:qui esse docti adfectant,
id. 10, 1, 97.—In the histt., to seek to draw to one's self, to try to gain over:D.civitates formidine adfectare,
Sall. J. 66:Gallias,
Vell. 2, 39:Galliarum societatem,
Tac. H. 4, 17; 1, 23; 4, 66; id. G. 37, 9; Flor. 2, 2, 3.—To imitate a thing faultily, or with dissimulation, to affect, feign (only post-Aug.):crebrum anhelitum,
Quint. 11, 3, 56:imitationem antiquitatis,
id. 11, 3, 10:famam clementiae,
Tac. H. 2, 63:studium carminum,
id. A. 14, 16; so Suet. Vesp. 23: Plin. Pan. 20.—Hence, adfectātus, a, um, P. a.; in rhetoric, choice, select, or farfetched; studied:subtilitas,
Quint. 3, 11, 21:scurrilitas,
id. 11, 1, 30:(gradatio) apertiorem habet artem et magis adfectatam,
id. 9, 3, 54:adfectata et parum naturalia,
id. 11, 3, 10 (but in 12, 10, 45 the correct read. is effectius, acc. to Spald.).— Adv.: adfec-tātō, studiously, zealously, Lampr. Heliog. 17. -
120 adsequor
as-sĕquor ( ads-, Fleck., B. and K., Halm), sĕcūtus (or sĕquutus; v. sequor), 3, v. dep., to follow one in order to come up to him, to pursue.I.A.. In gen. (only ante-class. in the two foll. exs.): ne sequere, adsequere, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 73 Müll.:B.Adsequere, retine,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 89.—Far more freq.,Esp., to reach one by pursuing him:II.sequendo pervenire ad aliquem: nec quicquam sequi, quod adsequi non queas,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Hence, to overtake, come up with a person or thing (with the idea of active exertion; while consequi designates merely a coming up with, a meeting with a desired object, the attainment of a wish; cf. Doed. Syn. III. p. 147 sq. According to gen. usage, adsequor is found only in prose;but consequor is freq. found in the poets): si es Romae jam me adsequi non potes, sin es in viā, cum eris me adsecutus, coram agemus,
Cic. Att. 3, 5; [p. 178] poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:Pisonem nuntius adsequitur,
Tac. A. 2, 75.—In the histt. also absol.:ut si viā rectā vestigia sequentes īssent, haud dubie adsecuturi fuerint,
Liv. 28, 16:in Bruttios raptim, ne Gracchus adsequeretur, concessit,
id. 24, 20:nondum adsecutā parte suorum,
arrived, id. 33, 8; Tac. H. 3, 60.—Trop.A.To gain, obtain, procure:B.eosdem honorum gradus adsecuti,
Cic. Planc. 25, 60:immortalitatem,
id. ib. 37, 90:omnes magistratus sine repulsā,
id. Pis. 1, 2; so Sall. J. 4, 4:regnum,
Curt. 4, 6 al.:nihil quicquam egregium,
Cic. de Or. 1, 30, 134; id. Verr. 2, 1, 57:quā in re nihil aliud adsequeris, nisi ut, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:adsecutas virtute, ne, etc.,
Just. 2, 4.—To attain to one in any quality, i. e. to come up to, to equal, match; more freq. in regard to the quality itself, to attain to:III.Sisenna Clitarchum velle imitari videtur: quem si adsequi posset, aliquantum ab optimo tamen abesset,
Cic. Leg. 1, 2 fin.:benevolentiam tuam erga me imitabor, merita non adsequar,
id. Fam. 6, 4 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 4 fin.:qui illorum prudentiam, non dicam adsequi, sed quanta fuerit perspicere possint,
id. Har. Resp. 9, 18:ingenium alicujus aliquā ex parte,
Plin. Ep. 4, 8, 5: ut longitudo aut plenitudo harum multitudinem alterius adsequatur et exaequet, Auct. ad Her. 4, 20.—Transf. to mental objects, to attain to by an effort of the under standing, to comprehend, understand:ut essent, qui cogitationem adsequi possent et voluntatem interpretari,
Cic. Inv. 2, 47, 139:quibus (ratione et intellegentiā) utimur ad eam rem, ut apertis obscura adsequamur,
id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:ut scribas ad me, quid ipse conjecturā adsequare,
id. Att. 7, 13 A fin.:Quis tot ludibria fortunae... aut animo adsequi queat aut oratione complecti?
Curt. 4, 16, 10; Sex. Caecil. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 5:quid istuc sit, videor ferme adsequi,
Gell. 3, 1, 3:visum est et mihi adsecuto omnia a principio diligenter ex ordine tibi scribere,
Vulg. Luc. 1, 3:adsecutus es meam doctrinam,
ib. 2 Tim. 3, 10; ib. 1 Tim. 4, 6.► Pass. acc. to Prisc. p. 791 P., but without an example; in Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73 fin., instead of the earlier reading, it is better to read, ut haec diligentia nihil eorum investigare, nihil adsequi potuerit; cf. Zumpt ad h. l., and Gronov. Observ. 1, 12, 107; so also B. and K.
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