furtim

rĕ-lābor, lapsus, 3, v. dep. n., to slide or glide back; to sink or fall back (mostly poet.).

Lit.:

vix oculos tollens iterumque relabens, etc.,

sinking back upon the couch, Ov. M. 11, 619:

(Orpheus) flexit amans oculos et protinus illa (Eurydice) relapsa est,

id. ib. 10, 57:

conscendere summas antennas prensoque rudente relabi,

to slide down, id. ib. 3, 616:

in sinus relabere nostros,

return, id. H. 15, 95: retrahitque pedem simul unda relabens, flowing back, retreating, * Verg A. 10, 307; cf.:

quis neget arduis Pronos relabi posse rivos Montibus,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 11:

flecte ratem, Theseu, versoque relabere vento,

sail back, Ov. H. 10, 149:

(mare) relabens terram naturae suae reddit,

Curt. 6, 4, 19:

(Tiberim) relabentem secuta est aedificiorum et hominum strages,

Tac. A. 1, 76 init.:

relabente aestu,

id. ib. 2, 24.—

Trop., to sink or fall back; to relapse; to return:

nunc in Aristippi furtim praecepta relabor,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 18:

tunc mens et sonus Relapsus atque notus in vultus honor,

id. Epod. 17, 18.

săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.:

sacres porci,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. saos, sôos, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = hieros (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.:

quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur,

Macr. S. 3, 7:

sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3.

In gen.

Absol.:

quicquam (opp. profanum),

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.:

aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so,

locus sacer et profanus,

id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38:

miscebis sacra profanis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6:

villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61:

mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37:

(legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris,

Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.:

deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti,

Ov. H. 9, 159:

aedes,

Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315:

lucus late sacer,

Verg. A. 5, 761:

arvum Martis,

Ov. M. 7, 101:

ara,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20:

aurum,

Liv. 5, 50; cf.

pecunia (opp. privata),

Quint. 4, 2, 8:

arma,

Liv. 24, 21:

tus,

Ov. M. 14, 130:

sanguis (of the sacrificial victim),

Cat. 68, 75:

ales (so called from its use in augury),

Verg. A. 11, 721:

luces (with profestae),

Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf.

dies (with religiosus),

Suet. Tib. 61:

tempus,

Hor. C. S. 4:

commissum,

a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so,

laurus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60:

robur,

Ov. M. 8, 752:

aqua,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 22:

fontes,

Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53:

focus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 43:

Tarentum,

id. C. 1, 28, 29:

fines,

Sil. 3, 501; cf.

montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men),

id. 4, 70;

vates (because dedicated to Apollo),

Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.:

sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus,

Hor. A. P. 391;

and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta,

Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so,

Cybebe,

id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti;

v. the context).—Sacer Mons,

a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54:

os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or ( poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5;

v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus,

the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4:

sacer lapis,

a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. hieron osteon, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24:

litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.),

the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—

With gen. (class.):

ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so,

urna Veneris,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which:

urna Veneria,

id. ib. 2, 5, 18):

Dianae celebris dies,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:

sepulcrum Batti veteris,

Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Gê hiera pantôn theôn), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—

With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus,

Ov. M. 7, 623:

esculus Jovi sacra,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11:

Nymphis cervus,

Ov. M. 10, 109:

Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest),

Verg. A. 6, 484:

pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum,

Tac. A. 15, 53:

cupressus Diti sacra,

Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139:

aesculus Jovi,

id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate:

Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus,

Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—

Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare):

silentium,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 29:

laedere amantes,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11:

lingua (Ciceronis),

Mart. 5, 69, 7:

Maro,

id. 8. 56, 3:

quaedam patris memoria,

Quint. 11, 1, 59:

O sacer et magnus vatum labor,

Luc. 9, 983:

heu sacri vatum errores,

Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors;

disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit,

Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use:

auris Caesaris,

Mart. 7, 99, 4:

sacri lateris custos,

id. 6, 76, 1:

apud aures sacras mentitus est,

Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.:

se Imperatori mentitum,

id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.

In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.

With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7:

non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 7.—

Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;

in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc.... is intestabilis et sacer esto,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 181:

eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri,

Liv. 3, 55.—

Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of persons:

ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.— Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67:

homo sacerrimus,

id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —

Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30:

di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum,

Cat. 14, 12:

hircus alarum,

id. 71, 1:

auri fames,

Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which:

aurum fame,

Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6:

venenum (Medeae),

Val. Fl. 7, 165:

nox,

id. 8, 25:

arma metu,

id. 4, 185; cf.

pavor,

id. 1, 798:

insania,

Stat. Th. 10, 804:

morbus,

i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.:

ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, b; class.; most freq. in plur.).

Lit.

Sing.:

sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ubi sacro manus sis admolitus,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24:

omne sacrum rapiente dextrā,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 52:

metuens velut contingere sacrum,

id. S. 2, 3, 110:

apud Cluacinae sacrum,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6:

Minervae,

Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.:

theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus,

Quint. 3, 8, 29: [p. 1611] quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55:

sacrum Herculi facere,

Liv. 1, 7:

facere Junoni,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43:

facto per Magos sacro,

Suet. Ner. 34:

sollemne sacrum conficere,

Flor. 1, 13, 16:

ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia),

Quint. 1, 5, 67:

arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit,

Liv. 41, 12:

sacrum piaculare fieri,

id. 29, 19:

sollemne Apollinis sacrum,

Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33:

pyrā sacri sub imagine factā,

id. ib. 14, 80:

nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 13:

neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro,

according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.:

vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 26:

morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150:

in sacro est,

id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—

Plur.: sacra deosque penates.. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40:

sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris,

Ov. M. 2, 713:

Troïa,

Tib. 2, 5, 40:

velut qui Junonis sacra ferret,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf.

of the same,

Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158:

cumque suis penetralia sacris,

i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287:

jactata aequoribus sacra,

Hor. C.4,4,54:

pueri Sacra canunt,

sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur,

sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11:

neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit,

Sall. C. 22, 2:

qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which:

sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

(Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit,

Liv. 1, 7; cf.:

sacra Jovi facturus erat,

Ov. M. 3, 26:

sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere,

Verg. A. 4, 638:

ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat,

Liv. 1, 20:

densi circumstant sacra ministri,

Ov. M. 2, 717:

arcana sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436:

fera,

id. ib. 13, 454:

nefanda,

id. ib. 10, 228:

mystica,

id. H. 2, 42:

horrida,

Sil. 3, 140:

veneranda,

id. 7, 382:

casta,

Stat. Achill. 1, 370.

Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52:

quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum,

id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so,

religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69:

sacra Cereris conficere,

id. Balb. 24, 55; so,

Cereris,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, a fin.):

Eleusina,

Suet. Claud. 23:

Junonis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11:

Orphica,

rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58:

Bacchia,

Ov. M. 3, 518:

trieterica Bacchi,

id. ib. 6, 587:

Dianae,

id. ib. 7, 94;

15, 489: Isidis,

Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—

The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care):

sacra privata perpetua manento,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47:

an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet?

Liv. 5, 52:

ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi,

id. ib. 2, 20, 49:

magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia,

id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.:

ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit,

Liv. 4,2:

sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

sacrorum alienatio,

id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.:

sacrum familiare,

Macr. S. 1, 16:

nuptialia,

marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28;

called also jugalia,

Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—

Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses):

mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

vatum,

Pers. prol. 7:

Maronis,

Mart. 7, 63, 5. —

Prov.

Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.:

inter sacrum et saxum positus,

App. M. 11, p. 271 fin. —

Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—

Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare):

sacra tori coitusque novos referebam,

Ov. M. 7, 709:

peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes,

Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.:

omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt,

id. 5, 13, 60):

litterarum colere,

id. 10, 1, 92:

studiorum profanare,

Tac. Or. 11.

simplex, ĭcis (abl., regul. simplici;

simplice,

Lucr. 1, 1013), adj. [sim-; cf. Sanscr. sam, Gr. hama, with Lat. sin-guli, semel, sem-per; and plico].

In gen., simple, plain, uncompounded, unmixed, = haplous (cf.:

sincerus, purus): aut simplex est natura animantis, ut vel terrena sit, vel ignea, etc.... aut concreta est ex pluribus naturis,

Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 34:

natura (opp. mixta, conexa, etc.),

Lucr. 3, 231; Cic. N. D. 2, 11, 29; id. Sen. 21, 78:

si unum ac simplex (genus inperii) probandum sit, regium probem,

id. Rep. 1, 35, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 23, 43:

finis bonorum, qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimillimis rebus misceri et temperari potest,

id. Off. 3, 33, 119:

(comoedia) Duplex quae ex argumento facta'st simplici,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 6:

(auditus) iter simplex et directum (opp. flexuosum),

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144:

simplex est manere, illud (in Hispaniam ire) anceps,

free from risk, id. Att. 12, 7, 1:

unum est et simplex aurium judicium,

free from complication, id. Font. 10, 22 (6, 12):

necessitudines,

unqualified, absolute, id. Inv. 2, 57, 171; cf.:

simplex officium atque una est bonorum omnium causa,

id. Sull. 3, 9:

nihil simplici in genere omnibus ex partibus perfectum natura expolivit,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 3:

res aperta ac simplex,

id. Caecin. 2, 5:

ratio veritatis,

id. de Or. 1, 53, 229; Quint. 8, 3, 87:

decem regii lembi simplici ordine intrarunt urbem,

i. e. one by one, Liv. 44, 12, 6; Tac. H. 5, 23; cf.: simplici directā acie, simplicibus ordinibus, single, Auct. B. Alex. 37, 3 sq.:

acies,

id. B. Afr. 13, 2:

simplex acies media, cornibus duplex,

id. ib. 59, 2:

simplici caule,

Plin. 25, 7, 36, § 74: cum in eo ne simplici quidem genere mortis contenti inimici fuissent, i. e. not with his simple death, but must have torture, Liv. 40, 24, 8:

qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte puniit,

Suet. Caes. 74:

qui proculcari nepotem, quam simplici morte interfici maluit,

Just. 44, 4, 4 al.:

nec via mortis erat simplex,

they died in various ways, Verg. G. 3, 482; cf.:

ne simplici quidem morte moriebantur, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. l. l. (H. 3, 25 Dietsch ad loc.): nec modus inserere atque oculos inponere simplex,

Verg. G. 2, 73:

vulnus,

Ov. M. 6, 254:

(tibia) tenuis simplexque foramine pauco,

Hor. A. P. 203:

simplici myrto nihil allabores,

id. C. 1, 38, 5:

esca,

id. S. 2, 2, 73:

jus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 64:

cibus,

Plin. 11, 53, 117, § 282:

aqua,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 32; Tac. G. 23:

arces dejecit plus vice simplici,

more than once, Hor. C. 4, 14, 13:

verba,

uncompounded, Quint. 1, 5, 3:

voces,

id. 1, 5, 65; but: ornatus verborum duplex, unus simplicium, alius conlocatorum, single, Cic. Or. 24, 80; cf.:

quaedam sunt in rebus simplicia, quaedam complicata,

id. Fat. 13, 30.— Comp.:

quantitas simplicior,

Quint. 11, 3, 15.— Sup.:

ex simplicissimā quāque materiā (opp. multiplex),

Quint. 10, 5, 10:

res,

id. 10, 2, 10.—

In partic., simple in a moral sense, without dissimulation, open, frank, straightforward, direct, guileless, artless, honest, sincere, ingenuous, etc. (cf. candidus).—Of persons:

cum de viro bono quaeritur, quem apertum et simplicem volumus esse, non sunt in disputando vafri, non veteratores, non malitiosi,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26; id. Off. 1, 19, 63:

simplicem et communem et consentientem... eligi par est (opp. multiplex ingenium et tortuosum),

id. Lael. 18, 65; id. Ac. 2, 35, 112:

tuum hominis simplicis pectus vidimus,

id. Phil. 2, 43, 111; Liv. 24, 10; Hor. S. 1, 3, 52; 2, 2, 68; id. C. 2, 8, 14; Ov. H. 12, 90; 16, 285:

credebant simplices ac religiosi homines,

Liv. 24, 10, 6.—Of things:

fidelis et simplex et fautrix suorum regio,

Cic. Planc. 9, 22:

animal sine fraude dolisque, Innocuum, simplex,

Ov. M. 15, 121: animus, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

nihil simplex, nihil sincerum,

Cic. Att. 10, 6, 2:

virtus,

Vell. 2, 129, 1:

verba,

Suet. Tib. 61:

cogitationes,

Tac. G. 22.— Comp.:

simplicior quis,

too straightforward, too blunt, Hor. S. 1, 3, 63.— Sup.:

simplicissimi omnium habentur iracundi,

Sen. Ira, 2, 16, 3:

dux,

Vell. 2, 116, 4:

mens,

Petr. 101, 3.—Hence, adv.: simplĭcĭter (acc. to I.), simply, plainly, straightforwardly, naturally, directly, utterly, without reserve, = haplôs:

quorum (verborum) primum nobis ratio simpliciter videnda est, deinde conjuncte,

Cic. de Or. 3, 37, 149:

quaedam genera causarum simpliciter ex suā vi considerantur,

id. Inv. 2, 33, 102:

ipsa inventa exponentur simpliciter sine ullā exornatione,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11:

locuti sunt simpliciter et splendide,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 68:

aut simpliciter quaeritur aut comparate,

id. Top. 22, 84:

si est simpliciter breviterque dicendum,

id. Off. 2, 9, 31; so (with breviter) id. Arch. 12, 32:

illud nomen simpliciter positum, hoc ad aliquid esse,

Quint. 1, 6, 13:

frondes Simpliciter positae, scaena sine arte fuit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 106; Tac. G. 5; cf. comp.:

brevius ac simplicius tradi,

Quint. 8, prooem. §

1: ignorare se dixit, quidnam perplexi sua legatio haberet, cum simpliciter ad amicitiam petendam venissent,

simply, purely, only, Liv. 34, 57, 6:

quidam ludere eum simpliciter, quidam haud dubie insanire, aiebant,

merely, only, id. 41, 20, 4:

Cyrenaica philosophia, quam ille et ejus posteri simpliciter defenderunt,

Cic. de Or. 3, 17, 62:

in sententiā simpliciter e re publicā ferendā,

id. Red. ad Quir. 10, 24 B. and K.— Comp.:

molluscum simplicius sparsum,

Plin. 16, 16, 27, § 68.—

(Acc. to II.) Plainly, openly, frankly, artlessly, ingenuously, uprightly, honestly, candidly: simpliciter et candide, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:

simpliciter scripserat quae sentiebat,

Curt. 7, 2, 36:

simpliciter et libere (opp. dissimulanter et furtim),

Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2:

simpliciter et palam lusit,

Suet. Aug. 71:

me amice simpliciterque reprehenderent,

Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 1:

qui se simpliciter credunt amicis,

id. ib. 6, 22, 1.— Comp.:

simultates simplicius nutrire (opp. callide),

Tac. H. 3, 53 fin.:

quo simplicius tibi confitebor,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 1; Quint. 1, 13, 2; Tac. H. 3, 53. — Sup.:

simplicissime loqui,

Tac. H. 1, 15 fin. —

In the singular number:

dicere,

Hier. in Matt. 1, 2 fin.

sŭb-ĕo, ĭi, ĭtum, īre ( perf. subīvit, Ov. F. 1, 314; Stat. S. 2, 1, 155: subivimus, Claud. ap. Tac. A. 11, 24 dub.), v. n. and a., to come or go under any thing; to come or go up to, to approach, draw near, advance or proceed to a place; to come or go on; to follow, succeed; to go down, sink; to come up, spring up (cf. succedo).

Lit.

In gen.:

subire sub falas,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 10:

in nemoris latebras,

Ov. M. 4, 601; cf.: in aliquem locum, to enter, Auct. B. Alex. 74, 4:

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12, 1:

in adversos montes,

id. 41, 18, 11:

testudine factā subeunt,

advance, Caes. B. G. 7, 85, 7:

Albani subiere ad montes,

Liv. 1, 28, 5:

subire ad portam castrorum,

id. 34, 16, 2; cf.:

ad urbem subeunt,

id. 31, 45, 4; 39, 27, 10; 36, 19, 1; and:

subeundum erat ad hostes,

id. 2, 31, 4:

ad tecta subibant,

Verg. A. 8, 359.—With dat.:

muro subibant,

Verg. A. 7, 161; so,

muro,

id. ib. 9, 371:

portu Chaonio (with accedere urbem),

id. ib. 3, 292:

luco,

id. ib. 8, 125:

dumis,

Sil. 5, 283:

ingenti feretro,

Verg. A. 6, 222:

age cervici inponere nostrae: Ipse subibo umeris,

id. ib. 2, 708:

per vices subeunt elephanti,

Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:

pone subit conjux,

follows, Verg. A. 2, 725; so Val. Fl. 4, 197; cf.:

dexterae alae sinistra subiit,

Liv. 27, 2, 7:

subeuntis alii aliis in custodiam,

id. 25, 37, 6; and:

subiit argentea proles,

Ov. M. 1, 114:

subit ipse meumque Explet opus,

succeeds me, takes my place, id. ib. 3, 648:

Volscus saxa objacentia pedibus ingerit in subeuntes,

climbing, Liv. 2, 65, 4:

vel eodem amne vel Euphrate subire eos posse,

i. e. sail up stream, Curt. 9, 10, 3; cf.:

adverso amne Babylona subituros,

id. 10, 1, 16.—

Of things:

stamen a stando: subtemen, quod subit stamini,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 113 Müll.:

cum luna sub orbem solis subisset,

Liv. 37, 4, 4:

tertio die mixtum flumini subibat mare,

Curt. 9, 9, 7:

venae nonnumquam incipiente febre subeunt,

the pulse sinks, Cels. 3, 6 med.:

subeunt herbae,

come up, spring up, Verg. G. 1, 180; so,

barba,

i. e. sprouts, grows, Mart. 7, 83, 2:

subisse aquam in caelum,

Plin. 31, 3, 21, § 32.—

In partic., to come on secretly, to advance or approach stealthily, to steal upon, steal into ( poet.), Prop. 1, 9, 26; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 6; id. A. A. 1, 742.—

Trop.

In gen., to come in, succeed, take place; to enter stealthily, come secretly or by degrees: in quarum locum subierunt inquilinae impietas, perfidia, impudentia, Varr. ap. Non. 403, 27:

fugere pudor verumque fidesque: In quorum subiere locum fraudesque dolique,

Ov. M. 1, 130:

pulchra subit facies,

id. ib. 14, 827:

subit ecce priori Causa recens,

id. ib. 3, 259:

an subit (amor) et tacitā callidus arte nocet?

id. Am. 1, 2, 6: subeunt morbi [p. 1775] tristisque senectus, Verg. G. 3, 67:

namque graves morbi subeunt segnisque senectus,

Nemes. Cyn. 117; cf.:

duo pariter subierunt incommoda,

arise, come up, Quint. 5, 10, 100:

ne subeant animo taedia justa tuo,

Ov. P. 4, 15, 30:

regio, quā vero ipsa subit ad Medos,

approaches, Plin. 6, 26, 29, § 115. —

In partic., to come into the mind, to occur, suggest itself:

omnes sententiae verbaque omnia sub acumen stili subeant et succedant necesse est,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 151:

cum in loca aliqua post tempus reversi sumus, quae in his fecerimus, reminiscimur personaeque subeunt,

Quint. 11, 2, 17:

cum subeant audita aut cognita nobis,

Ov. M. 15, 307:

subit umbra,

id. ib. 12, 591:

subeunt illi fratresque parensque,

id. ib. 11. 542:

subiit cari genitoris imago... subiit deserta Creusa Et direpta domus et parvi casus Iuli,

Verg. A. 2, 560 sq.; Tac. A. 1, 13:

subeant animo Latmia saxa tuo,

Ov. H. 18, 62:

ne subeant animo taedia,

id. P. 4, 15, 30:

quantum subire animo sustinueris, tantum tecum auferas,

to grasp with the mind, Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 7.—

Subit, with subj. - or rel.-clause ( poet. and in postAug. prose), Ov. M. 2, 755:

quo magis ac magis admirari subit,

Plin. 12, prooem. § 2;

35, 7, 31, § 49: misereri sortis humanae subit,

id. 25, 3, 7, § 23:

quid sim, quid fuerimque subit,

Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 38.

Lit.

In gen., to come or go under, to enter; to submit to; to approach, etc.:

exercitatissimi in armis, qui inter annos XIV. tectum non subissent,

had not come under a roof, Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

tecta,

Quint. 2, 16, 6; Ov. M. 6, 669:

jam subeunt Triviae lucos atque aurea tecta,

Verg. A. 6, 13:

limina victor Alcides subiit,

id. ib. 8, 363:

domos,

Ov. M. 1, 121:

penates,

id. ib. 5, 650:

macra cavum repetes artum, quem macra subisti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 33:

cum novies subiere paludem,

had plunged under, Ov. M. 15, 358; id. F. 1, 314:

et juncti currum dominae subiere leones,

Verg. A. 3, 313:

leones jugum subeant,

Plin. 10, 45, 62, § 128:

asellus gravius dorso subiit onus,

i. e. submits to, receives, Hor. S. 1, 9, 21:

subire iniquissimum locum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27: iniquum locum, Auct. B. Alex. 76, 2; id. B. Hisp. 24, 3:

collem,

to go up, mount, climb, scale, Hirt. B. G. 8, 15:

consules utrimque aciem subeuntium jam muros adgrediuntur,

Liv. 7, 12, 3:

muros,

id. 27, 18:

impositum saxis Anxur,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 25:

si subeuntur prospera castra,

Juv. 16, 2 et saep.:

perfurit, Fadumque Herbesumque subit,

comes up to, attacks, assails, Verg. A. 9, 344; cf.:

interim fallendus est judex et variis artibus subeundus,

Quint. 4, 5, 5:

precibus commota Tonantem Juno subit,

approaches, Stat. Th. 9, 510:

subit ille minantem,

id. ib. 8, 84:

Aeneae mucronem,

Verg. A. 10, 798:

qui procul hostium conspectu subibant aquam,

Curt. 4, 13, 10:

Hispo subit juvenes, i. e. paedicat,

Juv. 2, 50.—

Of things:

umbra subit terras,

Ov. M. 11, 61:

quos (lucos) aquae subeunt et aurae,

enter, Hor. C. 3, 4, 8:

montes Trasimenus,

Liv. 22, 4, 2:

litora pelagus, Mel. praef. 2: mare quod Ciliciam subit,

Curt. 7, 3, 19:

radices (petrae) Indus amnis subit,

id. 8, 11, 7:

clarus subit Alba Latinum,

succeeds, Ov. M. 14, 612 (al. clarus subit ecce Latinum Epytus); cf. id. ib. 1, 114:

furcas subiere columnae,

come into the place of, succeed, id. ib. 8, 700:

aqua subit altitudinem exortus sui,

rises to, reaches, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57:

lunamque deficere cum aut terram subiret aut sole premeretur,

Curt. 4, 10, 5.—

In partic., to approach secretly, to steal upon or into (cf. supra, I. A. 2.):

multi Nomine divorum thalamos subiere pudicos,

Ov. M. 3, 282:

subit furtim lumina fessa sopor,

id. H. 19, 56.—

Trop.

In gen. (very rare):

sera deinde poenitentia subiit regem,

came upon, overtook, Curt. 3, 2, 19.—

In partic.

To come into, enter, occur to one's mind (cf. supra, I. B. 2.):

deinde cogitatio animum subiit, indignum esse, etc.,

Liv. 36, 20:

ut beneficiorum memoria subiret animos patrum,

id. 37, 49, 3:

spes animum subibat deflagrare iras vestras posse,

id. 40, 8, 9:

otiosum animum aliae cogitationes,

Quint. 11, 2, 33:

majora intellectu animos non subibunt,

id. 1, 2, 28:

mentem subit, quo praemia facto, etc.,

Ov. M. 12, 472; 7, 170:

subit ergo regem verecundia,

Curt. 5, 2, 15:

me recordantem miseratio,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 10: feminas voluptas, id. Pan. 22, 3:

horum cogitatio subibat exercitum,

Curt. 7, 1, 4.—

To follow in speech, interrupt, answer (post - class. and rare):

dicturum plura parentem Voce subis,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 352:

subit ille loquentem talibus,

id. Cons. Mall. Theod. 173; id. Rapt. Pros. 3, 133.—

(The figure taken from stooping under a load, under blows, etc.) To subject one's self to, take upon one's self an evil; to undergo, submit to, sustain, endure, suffer it (class.;

a favorite expression of Cic.): omnes terrores periculaque omnia succurram atque subibo,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

omnia tela intenta in patriam subire atque excipere,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

quis est non ultro appetendus, subeundus, excipiendus dolor?

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

subire vim atque injuriam,

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41:

inimicitiae sunt: subeantur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 182:

maximas rei publicae tempestates,

id. Mur. 2, 4:

invidiam, pericula, tempestates,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 12:

nefarias libidinum contumelias turpitudinesque,

id. Pis. 35, 86:

potentiam, victoriam,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 6:

contumeliarum verbera,

id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:

majora Verbera,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 120:

non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae condicionem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

fortunam,

id. Fam. 14, 5, 1:

judicium multitudinis imperitae,

id. Fl. 1, 2:

odium eorum,

id. Att. 11, 17, 2:

usum omnium,

id. de Or. 1, 34, 157:

aliquid invidiae aut criminis,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

quemque casum,

id. Att. 8, 1, 3:

quamvis carnificinam,

id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

dupli poenam,

id. Off. 3, 16, 65:

legis vim,

id. Caecin. 34, 100:

summae crudelitatis famam,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; cf.:

minus sermonis,

id. Att. 11, 6, 2:

poenam exsilii,

Val. Max. 6, 5, 3:

simultates,

Plin. Ep. 2, 18, 5:

offensas,

id. ib. 13, 9, 26:

periculum,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 7:

jam tum peregrinos ritus novā subeunte fortunā,

Curt. 4, 6, 29. —With inf., to attempt, try, undertake:

adversa tela pellere,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 105:

clavum torquere,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 46.— Hence, sŭbĭtus, a, um, P. a., that has come on suddenly or unexpectedly, i. e. sudden, unexpected (freq. and class.; cf.:

repens, improvisus): res subita,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 23:

in rebus tam subitis,

Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 2:

maris subita tempestas,

id. Tusc. 3, 22, 52:

subita et improvisa formido,

id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

laetitia, etc.,

Auct. Her. 1, 8, 13:

subita pugna, non praeparata,

Quint. 7, 1, 35:

ut sunt Gallorum subita et repentina consilia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8:

novae rei ac subitae admiratio,

Liv. 2, 2:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

incursiones hostium,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 11:

ministeria belli,

Liv. 4, 27:

imbres,

Lucr. 5, 216:

vis,

id. 1, 286; 4, 1210:

res,

id. 6, 1282:

mors,

Quint. 7, 2, 14:

casus,

id. 10, 3, 3; Suet. Aug. 73:

tristia,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 12:

silentium,

Quint. 12, 5, 3: miles, hastily collected (opp. vetus expertusque;

syn. subitarius),

Tac. H. 4, 76; cf.:

aqua mulsa subita ac recens (opp. inveterata),

Plin. 22, 24, 51, § 110: imagines non subitae, not newly sprung up, i. e. old, ancient, Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3:

homo,

rash, Cic. Pis. Fragm. 5: clivi, sudden, i. e. steep, Stat. Th. 6, 258.—Esp., = subito (post-Aug.):

non percussor ille subitus erumpet?

Quint. 6, 2, 31; so,

manūs dux Trapezuntem subitus irrupit,

Tac. H. 3, 47:

subitum inopinatumque venisse,

Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 3:

evadere,

Flor. 4, 2, 59.—

As subst.: sŭbĭtum, i. n., a sudden or unexpected thing, a sudden occurrence, etc.:

Lesbonicum foras evocate: ita subitum'st, propere eum conventum volo,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 51; cf.:

subitum est ei remigrare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 2:

si tibi subiti nihil est,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 36:

in subito,

Plin. 7, 44, 45, § 143.—In plur.:

ut subitis ex tempore occurrant,

Quint. 10, 7, 30; cf.:

etiam fortes viros subitis terreri,

Tac. A. 15, 59:

quamvis non deficeretur ad subita extemporali facultate,

Suet. Aug. 84:

si repentina ac subita dominantur,

Sen. Ep. 16, 6: sive meditata sive subita proferret, whether he spoke after deliberation or off-hand, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 2.—With gen.:

ad subita rerum,

Liv. 9, 43:

ad subita belli,

id. 6, 32; 25, 15, 20; Flor. 1, 1, 11.—

Adverb., suddenly, unexpectedly:

per subitum erumpit clamor,

Sil. 10, 505; so,

per subitum,

id. 7, 594; 8, 628; 12, 654; 14, 330; 15, 145;

15, 404: in subitum,

id. 7, 527: ad subitum, Cassiod. Var. praef. med. —Hence, adv.: sŭbĭtō, suddenly, unexpectedly (freq. and class.; cf.: repente, extemplo, ilico): ut subito, ut propere, ut valide tonuit! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10; cf. id. Curc. 2, 3, 4:

nova res subito mihi haec objecta est,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 7:

ita abripuit repente sese subito,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 21:

subito tanta te impendent mala,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 2:

cum tot bella subito atque improviso nascantur,

Cic. Font. 19, 42:

ex oculis subito fugit,

Verg. G. 4, 499:

cum subito ecce,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 30:

ut subito nostras Hymen cantatus ad aures Venit,

Ov. H. 12, 137; Curt. 9, 9, 19:

subito deficere,

Quint. 7, 2, 14:

quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantus subito timor omnem exercitum occupavit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

subito opprimi,

Liv. 41, 3:

si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 17 et. saep.:

subito dicere,

without preparation, extempore, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

quod vox et gestus subito sumi non potest,

id. ib. 1, 59, 252:

neque potest quisquam nostrum subito fingi,

id. Sull. 25, 69:

aliquid subito ex tempore conjectura explicare,

id. Div. 1, 33, 72; so,

dicere,

Quint. 10, 3, 30; 11, 3, 12:

inventa (opp. domo allata),

id. 4, 5, 4:

cum subito evaserunt,

Col. 9, 9, 3:

tam subito copias contrahere non potuit,

so quickly, Nep. Dat. 7, 3.

sur-rēpo ( subr-), psi, ptum, 3 (sync. form of perf. surrepsti, Cat. 77, 3), v. n. and a., to creep under, to creep or steal along, creep softly on, steal upon, to come on unawares, insensibly, or by degrees, etc. (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).

Lit.: sub tabulas, * Cic. Sest. 59, 126:

clathris facile,

Col. 9, 1, 9:

urbis moenia,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 100:

surrepens lacerta,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 70: in aulam, Claud. ap. Ruf. 1, 177.— Poet., of inanim. subjects:

mediis surrepit vinea muris,

advances slowly, Luc. 2, 506:

surrepit crinibus umor,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 251:

ars mea cogit, Insita praecoquibus surrepere persica prunis,

to grow out, Calp. Ecl. 2, 43.—

Trop.:

alicui,

Cat. 77, 3: vide, quam non subrepam tibi. Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 1, 5:

blanda quies furtim surrepit ocellis,

Ov. F. 3, 19:

surrepsit fratribus horror,

Stat. Th. 11, 476: surrepet iners aetasTib. [p. 1818] 1, 1, 71:

insinuatio surrepat animis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

dissimulata actio,

id. 4, 1, 60:

oblivio cibi huic,

Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 84:

paulatimque et Romae subrepsit appellatio,

id. 21, 2, 3, § 5:

vitia,

Sen. Ep. 90, 5:

terror pectora,

Sil. 15, 136:

nullosque Catonis in actus surrepsit voluptas,

Luc. 2, 391.— Impers. pass.:

ita surrepetur animo judicis,

Quint. 4, 5, 20. — Hence, P. a. as subst.: subreptum, i, n., only adverb.:

scandentes in subreptum felium modo,

stealthily, Plin. 10, 18, 20, § 40.

sur-rēpo ( subr-), psi, ptum, 3 (sync. form of perf. surrepsti, Cat. 77, 3), v. n. and a., to creep under, to creep or steal along, creep softly on, steal upon, to come on unawares, insensibly, or by degrees, etc. (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).

Lit.: sub tabulas, * Cic. Sest. 59, 126:

clathris facile,

Col. 9, 1, 9:

urbis moenia,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 100:

surrepens lacerta,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 70: in aulam, Claud. ap. Ruf. 1, 177.— Poet., of inanim. subjects:

mediis surrepit vinea muris,

advances slowly, Luc. 2, 506:

surrepit crinibus umor,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 251:

ars mea cogit, Insita praecoquibus surrepere persica prunis,

to grow out, Calp. Ecl. 2, 43.—

Trop.:

alicui,

Cat. 77, 3: vide, quam non subrepam tibi. Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 1, 5:

blanda quies furtim surrepit ocellis,

Ov. F. 3, 19:

surrepsit fratribus horror,

Stat. Th. 11, 476: surrepet iners aetasTib. [p. 1818] 1, 1, 71:

insinuatio surrepat animis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

dissimulata actio,

id. 4, 1, 60:

oblivio cibi huic,

Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 84:

paulatimque et Romae subrepsit appellatio,

id. 21, 2, 3, § 5:

vitia,

Sen. Ep. 90, 5:

terror pectora,

Sil. 15, 136:

nullosque Catonis in actus surrepsit voluptas,

Luc. 2, 391.— Impers. pass.:

ita surrepetur animo judicis,

Quint. 4, 5, 20. — Hence, P. a. as subst.: subreptum, i, n., only adverb.:

scandentes in subreptum felium modo,

stealthily, Plin. 10, 18, 20, § 40.

sur-rēpo ( subr-), psi, ptum, 3 (sync. form of perf. surrepsti, Cat. 77, 3), v. n. and a., to creep under, to creep or steal along, creep softly on, steal upon, to come on unawares, insensibly, or by degrees, etc. (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).

Lit.: sub tabulas, * Cic. Sest. 59, 126:

clathris facile,

Col. 9, 1, 9:

urbis moenia,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 100:

surrepens lacerta,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 70: in aulam, Claud. ap. Ruf. 1, 177.— Poet., of inanim. subjects:

mediis surrepit vinea muris,

advances slowly, Luc. 2, 506:

surrepit crinibus umor,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 251:

ars mea cogit, Insita praecoquibus surrepere persica prunis,

to grow out, Calp. Ecl. 2, 43.—

Trop.:

alicui,

Cat. 77, 3: vide, quam non subrepam tibi. Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 1, 5:

blanda quies furtim surrepit ocellis,

Ov. F. 3, 19:

surrepsit fratribus horror,

Stat. Th. 11, 476: surrepet iners aetasTib. [p. 1818] 1, 1, 71:

insinuatio surrepat animis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

dissimulata actio,

id. 4, 1, 60:

oblivio cibi huic,

Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 84:

paulatimque et Romae subrepsit appellatio,

id. 21, 2, 3, § 5:

vitia,

Sen. Ep. 90, 5:

terror pectora,

Sil. 15, 136:

nullosque Catonis in actus surrepsit voluptas,

Luc. 2, 391.— Impers. pass.:

ita surrepetur animo judicis,

Quint. 4, 5, 20. — Hence, P. a. as subst.: subreptum, i, n., only adverb.:

scandentes in subreptum felium modo,

stealthily, Plin. 10, 18, 20, § 40.

sustento, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [sustineo], to hold up or upriqht, to uphold, support, prop, sustain (syn. sustineo).

Lit. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

multos per annos Sustentata ruet moles et machina mundi,

Lucr. 5, 96: Hercule quondam [p. 1822] Sustentante polum, Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 143:

Alcanor fratrem ruentem Sustentat dextrā,

Verg. A. 10, 339:

in Tiberim abjectum,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 145:

naufraga sustentant... vela (i. e. navem) Lacones,

Claud. B. Gild. 222; cf.:

aegre seque et arma sustentans,

Curt. 8, 4, 15.—

To bear, wear:

catenas,

Vop. Aur. 34.—

Trop., to keep up, uphold, sustain, maintain, support, bear, uplift, preserve (class. and freq.).

In gen.:

exsanguem jam et jacentem (civitatem),

Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2; cf.:

rem publicam,

id. Mur. 2, 3:

imbecillitatem valetudinis tuae sustenta et tuere,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 5:

valetudo sustentatur notitiā sui corporis,

id. Off. 2, 24, 86; Vell. 2, 114, 1:

Terentiam, unam omnium aerumnosissimam, sustentes tuis officiis,

Cic. Att. 3, 23, 5:

tu velim tete tuā virtute sustentes,

id. Fam. 6, 4, 5:

me una consolatio sustentat, quod, etc.,

id. Mil. 36, 100:

per omnis difficultates animo me sustentavi,

Quint. 12, prooem. §

1: litteris sustentor et recreor,

Cic. Att. 4, 10, 1; cf.:

praeclarā conscientiā sustentor, cum cogito, etc.,

id. ib. 10, 4, 5:

Pompeius intellegit, C. Catonem a Crasso sustentari,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 4:

jurisconsultus, non suo artificio sed alieno sustentatus,

id. de Or. 1, 56, 239:

amicos suos fide,

id. Rab. Post. 2, 4:

si qua spes reliqua est, quae fortium civium mentes cogitationesque sustentet,

id. Fl. 2, 3:

spes inopiam sustentabat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49:

res publica magnis meis laboribus sustentata,

Cic. Mur. 2, 3:

Venus Trojanas sustentat opes,

Verg. A. 10, 609:

multa virum meritis sustentat fama tropaeis,

upholds, id. ib. 11, 224:

Arminius manu, voce, vulnere sustentabat pugnam,

kept up, maintained, Tac. A. 2, 17:

aciem,

id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. H. 2, 15.—

In partic.

To support, sustain, maintain, preserve by food, money, or other means:

familiam,

Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 36:

cum esset silvestris beluae sustentatus uberibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

idem (aër) spiritu ductus alit et sustentat animantis,

id. N. D. 2, 39, 101:

qui se subsidiis patrimonii aut amicorum liberalitate sustentant,

id. Prov. Cons. 5, 12:

eo (frumento) sustentata est plebs,

Liv. 2, 34, 5:

sustentans fovensque,

Plin. Ep. 9, 30, 3:

saucios largitione et curā,

Tac. A. 4, 63 fin.:

animus nullā re egens aletur et sustentabitur isdem rebus, quibus astra sustentantur et aluntur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; cf.:

furtim rapta sustentat pectora terra,

refreshes, Stat. Th. 6, 875:

parsimoniam patrum suis sumptibus,

Cic. Cael. 16, 38:

tenuitatem alicujus,

id. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

egestatem et luxuriem domestico lenocinio sustentavit,

id. Red. Sen. 5, 11:

Glycera venditando coronas sustentaverat paupertatem,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 125; cf.:

ut milites pecore ex longinquioribus vicis adacto extremam famem sustentarent,

Caes. B.G. 7, 17.—Mid.:

mutando sordidas merces sustentabatur,

supported himself, got a living, Tac. A. 4, 13; for which in the act. form: Ge. Valuistin' bene? Pa. Sustentavi sedulo, I have taken good care of myself, have kept myself in good case, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 8; cf. impers. pass.: Ge. Valuistin' usque? Ep. Sustentatum'st sedulo, id. ib. 3, 2, 14. —

To keep in check, hold back, restrain:

milites, paulisper ab rege sustentati, paucis amissis profugi discedunt,

Sall. J. 56, 6; cf. aciem, Auct. B. Afr. 82: aquas, Auct. Cons. Liv. 221. —

To bear, hold out, endure, suffer (rare but class.;

syn.: fero, patior): miserias plurimas,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 3:

moerorem doloremque,

Cic. Pis. 36, 89. — Absol. (sc. morbum), Suet. Tib. 72:

procellas invidiae,

Claud. in Eutr. 1, 265:

aegre is dies sustentatur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 39:

quorum auxiliis atque opibus, si qua bella inciderint, sustentare consuerint,

id. ib. 2, 14 fin.—Impers. pass.:

aegre eo die sustentatum est,

a defence was made, Caes. B. G. 2, 6:

hostem,

Tac. A. 15, 10 fin.:

bellum,

Vell. 2, 104, 2: impetus legionum, Auct. B. Hisp. 17, 3. — Absol.:

nec, nisi in tempore subventum foret, ultra sustentaturi fuerint,

Liv. 34, 18, 2. —

To put off, defer, delay (Ciceron.;

syn. prolato): rem, dum, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 1:

aedificationem ad tuum adventum,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 7:

id (malum) opprimi sustentando ac prolatando nullo pacto potest... celeriter vobis vindicandum est,

id. Cat. 4, 3, 6; cf. Ov. R. Am. 405.

ūmor (not hu-), ōris, m. [root ug-, found in Sanscr. uksh-, to sprinkle; Gr. hugros; cf.: uva, uveo], a liquid, fluid of any kind, moisture (class.):

itaque et aquilonibus reliquisque frigoribus durescit umor et idem vicissim mollitur tepefactus et tabescit calore,

Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 26:

quin et umorem et calorem, qui est fusus in corpore, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 6, 18:

sidera marinis terrenisque umoribus extenuatis aluntur,

id. ib. 2, 16, 43:

et umor allapsus extrinsecus, ut in tectoriis videmus austro, sudorem videtur imitari,

id. Div. 2, 27, 58:

nares umorem semper habent ad pulverem multaque alia depellenda non inutilem,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 145:

nimis concreti umores,

id. ib. 2, 23, 59:

mollis,

id. ib. 3, 12, 31:

ranarum et in terrā et in umore vita,

Plin. 8, 31, 48, § 110:

aquaï,

Lucr. 1, 307:

liquidus aquaï or aquarum,

id. 3, 427; 1, 350 al.; Ov. Am. 2, 6, 32:

pluvius,

rain, Lucr. 6, 496; 6, 515:

roscidus,

dew, Cat. 61, 25:

circumfluus,

the ocean, Ov. M. 1, 30:

candens lacteus,

milk, Lucr. 1, 258; so,

lacteus,

Ov. M. 9, 358; 15, 79:

Massicus Bacchi,

wine, Verg. G. 2, 143; cf.:

dulcis musti,

id. ib. 1, 295:

umor et in genas Furtim labitur,

tears, Hor. C. 1, 13, 6:

caret os umore loquentis,

saliva, Ov. M. 6, 354; so,

linguam defecerat umor,

id. ib. 9, 567:

saccatus corporis,

urine, Lucr. 4, 1028; cf.:

praefandi umoris, e corpore effluvium,

Plin. 7, 51, 52, § 171; and:

lyncum umor ita redditus glaciatur,

id. 8, 38, 57, § 137.—

Meton., comic.:

ego jam hic te itidem, quasi peniculus novus exurgeri solet, Ni hunc amittis, exurgebo, quicquid umoris tibi'st,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 70:

et ego amoris aliquantum habeo umorisque meo etiam in corpore,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 45.

vinco, vīci, victum, 3, v. a. and n. [perh. causat. of root ik-; Gr. eikô, to yield; but cf. per-vicax; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 106], to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious, etc. (syn.: supero, debello).

Lit.

In war or battle:

jus esse belli, ut qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, quemadmodum vellent, imperarent, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

Carthaginienses navalibus pugnis,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

Galliam bello,

Caes. B. G. 1, 34 fin.:

non virtute neque in acie vicisse Romanos,

id. ib. 7, 29:

id vi et virtute militum victum atque expugnatum oppidum est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 36:

vicimus vi feroces,

id. ib. 1, 1, 82: aio te, Aeacida, Romanos vincere posse, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 186 Vahl.): sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 ib.): aliquando [p. 1992] ut vincat, ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70 fin.:

L. milia,

to win at play, August. ib. 71.—

In a lawsuit, etc., to be successful, to gain:

vincere judicio,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 53:

quem tu horum nil refelles, vincam scilicet,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; Hor. S. 1, 2, 134:

causam suam,

to win, Ov. H. 16, 76.— Pass.:

factum est: ventum est: vincimur,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 85.—

In other relations, to win, prevail, be successful, gain, overcome:

sponsione,

Cic. Quint. 27, 84:

sponsionem,

id. Caecin. 31, 91:

vicit iter durum pietas,

controlled, made easy, Verg. A. 6, 688; cf. Mart. 5, 23, 5; Claud. Cons. Hon. 46:

labor omnia vicit,

Verg. G. 1, 145; cf.

difficultates, Auct. B. G. 8, 21: virgam,

to win, Verg. A. 6, 148:

vicit tamen in Senatu pars illa, quae, etc.,

Sall. J. 16, 1:

factione respectuque rerum privatarum... Appius vicit,

Liv. 2, 30, 2:

cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae, etc.,

id. 2, 4: Othonem vincas volo, to outbid (in an auction), Cic. Att. 13, 29, 2; 13, 33, 2.—To defeat as a candidate for office:

competitorem in suffragiis,

Quint. 7, 1, 29.—

Transf., of inanimate subjects.

To overcome, overwhelm, prevail over, etc.:

(naves) neu turbine venti Vincantur,

Verg. A. 9, 92:

victa ratis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 12:

flammam gurgitibus,

id. Am. 3, 6, 42:

noctem flammis,

Verg. A. 1, 727:

vincunt aequora navitae,

prevail against, get the better of, Hor. C. 3, 24, 41:

victaque concessit prisca moneta novae,

Ov. F. 1, 222:

quernaque glans victa est utiliore cibo,

id. ib. 1, 676:

corpora victa sopore,

id. ib. 1, 422; cf.:

blanda quies furtim victis obrepsit ocellis,

id. ib. 3, 19:

hi casses (linei) vel ferri aciem vincunt,

Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 11:

campum turbā vincente,

overflowing, Sil. 6, 390.—

To outlast, survive:

(aesculus) Multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit,

Verg. G. 2, 295:

vivendo mea fata,

id. A. 11, 160.—

To surmount, scale:

aëra (sagittae),

Verg. G. 2, 123; cf.:

montes ascensu,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46.—

To reduce, change, etc.;

of cooking: nec viscera quisquam... potest vincere flammā,

Verg. G. 3, 560:

cochleas undis calefactas et prope victas,

Ser. Samm. Med. 319.—Of smelting ores:

metallorum primitiae nullis fornacibus victae,

Tac. H. 4, 53.—Of melting snow:

nive, quae zephyro victa tepente fluit,

Ov. F. 2, 220.—

Of digestion: pervigilio quidem praecipue vincuntur cibi,

Plin. 11, 53, 118, § 283.—

Trop.

In gen., to prevail, be superior; to convince, refute, constrain, overcome, etc.:

argumentis vincit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 267:

naturam studio,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43:

vincit ipsa rerum publicarum natura saepe rationem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 13: si subitam et fortuitam orationem commentatio et cogitatio facile vincit;

hanc ipsam profecto assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit,

id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

sapientis animus vincetur et expugnabitur?

id. Par. 4, 1, 27:

animum,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 29:

non est consentaneum, qui invictum se a labore praestiterit, vinci a voluptate,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

labascit, victu'st, uno verbo, quam cito!

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 98:

eludet, ubi te victum senserit,

id. ib. 1, 1, 10:

illius stultitiā victa ex urbe tu migres?

id. Hec. 4, 2, 13:

adulescentulus saepe eadem audiendo victus est,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:

peccavi, fateor, vincor,

id. ib. 4, 1, 31:

victus patris precibus lacrimisque,

Liv. 23, 8, 4:

divūm pater victus tuis vocibus,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 21:

est qui vinci possit,

id. S. 1, 9, 55:

pietas Victa furore,

id. C. 3, 27, 36:

victus amore pudor,

Ov. Am. 3, 10, 29:

filia victa in lacrimas,

Tac. A. 1, 57:

victus animi respexit,

Verg. G. 4, 491:

triumphantes de lege victā et abrogatā,

Liv. 34, 3, 9.— With ut:

ergo negatum, vincor, ut credam miser,

am constrained, compelled, Hor. Epod. 17, 27.—

In partic.

To overmatch in some quality, to surpass, exceed, excel, = superare:

stellarum globi terrae magnitudinem facile vincebant,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16:

opinionem vicit omnium, quae, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

exspectationem omnium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

eam (noctem) edepol etiam multo haec (nox) vicit longitudine,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 125:

morum immanitate vastissimas vincit beluas,

Cic. Rep. 2, 26, 48:

quamlibet mulierculam Vincere mollitiā,

Hor. Epod. 11, 24:

odio qui posset vincere Regem,

id. S. 1, 7, 6:

scribere, quod Cassi opuscula vincat,

id. Ep. 1, 4, 3; cf.:

qualia (praecepta) vincunt Pythagoran,

id. S. 2, 4, 2.— Poet. with inf.: vir nulli victus vel ponere castra vel junxisse ratem, etc., excelled by none in pitching a camp, etc., Sil. 5, 552; 6, 141.—

To prove triumphantly, show or demonstrate conclusively.

With obj.-clause:

quid nunc? vincon' argumentis te non esse Sosiam?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 277:

profecto ita esse, et praedico, vero vincam,

id. Most. 1, 2, 12:

vince deinde, bonum virum fuisse Oppianicum,

Cic. Clu. 44, 124: dicendo vincere non postulo, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 4:

vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 225.—

With ut:

nec vincet ratio hoc, tantundem ut peccet idemque Qui, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 115.—

Absol.:

si doceo non ab Avito, vinco ab Oppianico,

Cic. Clu. 23, 64.—

With respect to something disputed, to prevail, gain one's point, carry the day. So only in the expressions,

Vicimus:

cui si esse in urbe tuto licebit, vicimus,

Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3:

rumpantur iniqui. Vicimus: assiduas non tulit illa preces,

Prop. 1, 8, 28: vicimus exclamat;

mecum mea vota feruntur,

Ov. M. 6, 513:

vicimus et meus est,

id. ib. 4, 356.—

Vincite, viceris, vincerent, have it your own way, just as you like, carry your point, an expression of reluctant assent:

vincite, si ita vultis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 30; Ov. M. 8, 509:

vincerent ac sibi haberent, dummodo scirent,

Suet. Caes. 1 fin.:

viceris,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 21.—

To treat worthily, set forth with dignity ( poet.):

nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum Quam sit,

Verg. G. 3, 289; cf.:

vincere verbis,

Lucr. 5, 733.

κλεψῐμαῖος, α, ον,

A = κλοπιμαῖος, stolen, LXX To.2.13, PLond.2.422.3 (iv A.D.). Adv. - αίως, = Lat. furtim, Dosith.p.412 K.