framm

m où structure

[fram:ail̥tʏr̬]

a лингв.

нар. вдобавок, сверх

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1) forward; hann féll f. á. fœtr konungi, he fell forward on his face at the king’s feet; f. rétt, straight on; koma f., to reappear;

2) out of the house; opp. to inn, innarr( var hon ávalt borin f. ok innarr);

3) on the fore part, in front, opp. to aptr( maðr f., en dýr aptr); aptr ok f., fore and aft, of a ship;

4) joined with preps. and particles, bíða f. á dag, f. á nótt, to wait far into the day, or night; bíða f. um jól, to wait till after Yule; fyrir lög f., in spite of the law; f. undan eyjunni; off the island;

5) of time, hversu er f. orðit, how late is it, what time is it? f. orðit dags, late in the day.

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adv.—the Icel. has a triple adverbial form, fram, denoting the going to a place (ad locum); frammi, the being in a place (in loco); framan, the going from a place (a loco)—compar. framarr (mod. framar) or fremr, = Goth. framis; superl. framast (framarst) or fremst: proncd. with a double m = framm; and that such was the case in olden times may be seen from Fms. vi. 385 and Skálda 168, 171. This adv. with its compds and derivatives may be said to have been lost in Germ. as well as Engl., and at a very early time. Even Ulf. uses fram as a prep. in the sense of ἀπό, like the A. S. and Engl. from, Swed. från: only in two passages Ulf. uses fram as adv., viz. Rom. xiii. 12, where he renders ‘the night is far spent’ (nóttin er um liðin of the Icel. N. T.) by framis galeiþan, which recalls to mind the Icel. fram-liðinn = deceased, past; and Mark i. 19, where προβαίνειν is rendered by gaggan framis = Icel. ganga framarr or ganga fram; cp. also the Goth. compds fram-gahts = progress, Philipp. i. 25; fram-aldrs = stricken in years; fram-vigis = Icel. fram-vegis; fram-vairþis = further: in O. H. G. vram = ultra still occurs, but is now lost in Germ. as well as in Engl.: the Icel., on the other hand, makes a clear distinction between the prep. frá ( from) and fram, on, forward, = Gr. πρόσω, Lat. porro, pro-; in some compds the sense from appears, e. g. framandi, a stranger,—Ulf. framaþeis, prop. one who is far off or from far off; so also fram-liðinn, gone, past; ganga fram, to die.

A. fram, forward, (opp. to aptr, backward); aðra leið aptr en fram, 655 xxxii. 18; hann féll fram á fætr konungi, he fell forward on his face at the king’s feet, Eg. 92; stefna fram ( to go on) hina neðri leið, 582; brautin liggr þar fram í milli, id.; cf þeir vilja fram, or, fram á leið, forward, Sks. 483; fram rétt, straight on, Fms. ii. 273, v. l.; fram, fram! on, on! a war cry, Ó. H. 215: koma fram, to reappear, arrive, after being long unheard of; hann kom fram í Danmörku, Fms. i. 62; hann kom fram í kaupstað þeim er …, Ísl. ii. 332; ok kómu þar fram, er Kirjálar vóru á fjalli, Eg. 58: the phrase, fram í ættir, in a far or distant degree (of relationship), 343: people in Icel. in the 14th century used to say, fram til Noregs, up to Norway (cp. up to London), Dipl. ii. 15, 16.

II. fram is generally applied to any motion outwards or towards the open, opp. to inn, innar; thus fram denotes the outer point of a ness, fram á nes; Icel. also say, fram á sjó, towards the high sea, (but upp or inn at landi, landwards); also, towards the verge of a cliff or the like, fram á hamarinn (bergit), Eg. 583: when used of a house fram means towards the door, thus, fara fram í dyr (eldhús), but inn or innar í baðstofu (hence fram-bær), var hón ávalt borin fram ok innar, she was borne in a litter out and in, Bs. i. 343: of a bed or chair fram denotes the outside, the side farthest from the wall, horfir hón til þils, en bóndi fram, she turned her face to the wall, but her husband away from it, Vígl. 31.

β. again, Icel. say, fram á dal, up dale, opp. to ofan dalinn, down dale.

III. without motion, the fore part, opp. to aptr, hinder part (cp. fram-fætr); aptr krókr en fram sem sporðr, Fms. ii. 179; maðr fram en dýr aptr (of a centaur), 673. 2, Sks. 179; aptr ok fram, fore and aft, of a ship, Fms. ix. 310.

IV. joined with prepp. or particles, Lat. usque; bíða fram á dag, fram á nótt, fram í myrkr, to wait far into the day, night, darkness, Bs. ii. 145; bíða fram yfir, er fram um Jól, etc., to bide till after Yule; um fram, past over; sitja um þat fram er markaðrinn stóð, to stay till the fair is past, Fb. i. 124; fram um hamarinn (bergit), to pass the cliff, Eg. 582; ríða um fram, to ride past or to miss, Nj. 264, mod. fram hjá, cp. Germ. vorbei:—metaph., vera um fram e-n, above, surpassingly; um fram aðra menn, Fb. i. 91, Fms. vi. 58, passim; um alla hluti fram, above all things: yfir alla hluti fram, id., Stj. 7: besides, Sks. 41 new Ed.: fyrir lög fram, in spite of the law, Fms. iii. 157; fyrir rétt fram, 655 xx. 4; fyrir lof fram, without leave, Grág. i. 326; fyrir þat fram, but for that, ii. 99: the phrase, fyrir alla hluti fram, above all things, 623. 19.

β. temp., fyrir fram means beforehand, Germ. voraus; vita, segja fyrir fram, to know, tell beforehand, Germ. voraus-sagen.

γ. fram undan, projecting, stretching forward; fram undan eyjunni, Fms. ii. 305.

δ. the phrase, fram, or more usually fram-orðit, of time, hvað er fram-orðit, how late is it? i. e. what is the time? Ld. 224; þá var fram-orðit, it was late in the day, Clem. 51; þá er fram var orðit, 623. 30: dropping ‘orðit,’ þeir vissu eigi hvat fram var (qs. fram orðit), they did not know the time of day, K. Þ. K. 90: with gen., fram-orðit dags, late in the day, Fms. xi. 10, Ld. 174; áfram, on forward, q. v.

V. with verbs,

α. denoting motion, like pro- in Latin, thus, ganga, koma, sækja, falla, fljóta, renna, líða, fara … fram, to go, come, flow, fare … forward, Eg. 136, Fms. ii. 56, Jb. 75, passim: of time, líða fram, Bs. ii. 152 (fram-liðinn).

β. rétta, halda fram, to stretch, hold forth, Nj. 3; flytja, bera, draga, leiða, færa, selja, setja fram, to bring … forward, Sks. 567; leggja fram, to ‘lay forth,’ discharge, Fms. v. 293, Nj. 3, 11; bjóða fram, to offer; eggja, hvetja fram, to egg on; segja fram, to pronounce; standa, lúta fram, etc.

γ. sjá, horfa, stökkva … fram fyrir sik, to look, jump forward, opp. to aptr fyrir sik, Nj. 29:—impers., e-m fer fram, to grow, make progress; skara fram úr, to stand out.

B. frammi, (for the pronunciation with a double m vide Skálda 169,) denotes in or on a place, without motion, and is formed in the same way as uppi from upp, niðri from niðr; Icel. thus say, ganga fram, niðr, upp, to go on, go down, go up; but vera frammi, niðri, uppi, to be in, etc.; if followed by a vowel, the final i may be dropt, thus, vera frammi á dal, or framm’ á dal, Hrafn. 6; sitja framm’ fyrir hásæti (= frammi fyrir), Ó. H. 5; just as one may say, vera niðr’ á (qs. niðri á) engjum, upp’ á (= uppi á) fjalli: as to direction, all that is said of fram also applies to frammi, only that frammi can but denote the being in a place; Icel. thus say, frammi á dal in a dale, frammi í dyrum in-doors, frammi á fjalli on a fell, frammi á gólfi on the floor, frammi á sjó, etc.; þeir Leitr sitja frammi í húsum, Fær. 181, cp. also Hrafn. 1; sitja (standa) frammi fyrir e-m, to sit ( stand) before one’s face, Hkr. ii. 81.

II. metaph. the phrase, hafa e-t frammi, to perform a thing, Nj. 232, Sks. 161: to use, shew, in a bad sense, of an insult, threatening, or the like; hafa þeir f. mikil-mæli ok heita afarkostum, Hkr. i. 191: the particle í is freq. prefixed, hafa í frammi, (not á frammi as áfram, q. v.); svá fremi skaltú rógit í frammi hafa, Nj. 166; þarftú þá fleira í frammi at hafa en stóryrði ein ok dramblæti, Fas. i. 37; hafðú í frammi kúgan við þá uppi við fjöllin, Ísl. ii. 215: to exercise, Bs. i. 852; hafa f. ípróttir, Fms. ix. 8 (rare); láta, leggja f., to contribute, produce, Fas. iii. 118, Fms. vi. 211.

C. framan, from the front side; framan at borðinu, to the front of the table, Fb. ii. 302; framan at e-u, in the face or front of (opp. to aptan að, from behind); skaltú róa at framan borðum skútunnar, thou shall row towards the boards of the boat, of one boat trying to reach another, Háv. 46; taka framan af e-u, to take ( cut) from the fore part, Od. xiv. 474; framan á skipinu, the fore part of the ship, Fms. ii. 179; framan um stafninn, vi. 78.

β. temp., framan af sumri, vetri, hausti, váti, the beginning, first part of summer …; also simply framan af, in the beginning.

γ. of the fore part of the body; nokkut hafit upp framan nefit, Ld. 272; réttnefjaðr ok hafit upp í framan-vert, a straight nose and prominent at the tip, Nj. 29; framan á brjóstið, on the breast; framan í andlitið, in the face; framan á knén, í stálhúfuna framan, Fms. viii. 337; framan á þjóhnappana, Sturl. i. 14 (better aptan á).

δ. with the prep. í preceding; í framan, adv. in the face; rjóðr í framan, red in the face; fölr í framan, pale-faced, etc., freq. in mod. use.

2. fyrir framan, before, in front of, with acc. (opp. to fyrir aptan, behind); fyrir framan slána, Nj. 45; fyrir framan hendr honum, 60; fyrir framan hamarinn, Eg. 583; fyrir framan merki, Fms. i. 27, ii. 84: as adv., menn stóðu með vápnum fyrir framan þar sem Flosi sat, before F. ‘s seat, Nj. 220; þá var skotið aptr lokhvílunni ok sett á hespa fyrir framan, Fms. ii. 84: að framan, above.

3. as framan is prop. an adv. from the place, Icel. also say, koma framan af dal, framan af nesi, framan ór dyrum, etc., to come down the dale, etc., vide fram above.

4. ‘framan til’ in a temp. sense, up to, until; nú líðr til þings framan, it drew near to the time of parliament, Nj. 12; líðr nú til þings framan, Ld. 88; leið nú framan til Jóla, Ísl. ii. 42; framan til Páska, Stj. 148; framan til vetrnátta, D. N.; framan til þess er hann átti við Glám, Grett. 155; framan til Leiðar, Anal. 172; frá upphafi heims framan, from the beginning of the world, Ver. 1; in mod. usage simply fram in all such instances.

D. Compar. framarr, farther on; superl. framast, fremst, farthest on:

1. loc., feti framarr, a step farther on, Lv. 59; þar er þeir koma framast, the farthest point they can reach, Grág. i. 111; þar sem hann kömr framast, 497; hvar hann kom framarst, Fms. xi. 416; svá kómu þeir fremst at þeir unnu þá borg, i. 114; þeir eru mest til þess nefndir at framast ( foremost) hafi verit, Ísl. ii. 368; þeir er fremst vóru, Fms. v. 78.

2. temp. farthest back; er ek fremst um man, Vsp. 1; hvat þú fyrst um mant eða fremst um veizt, Vþm. 34; frá því ek má fremst muna, Dipl. v. 25.

II. metaph. farther, more, superl. farthest, most; erat hann framarr skyldr sakráða við menn, Grág. i. 11; nema vér reynim oss framarr, Fær. 75; meta, hvárra þörf oss litisk framarr ganga, whose claim appeared to us the strongest, Dipl. ii. 5.

β. with dat., venju framarr, more than usual; því framarr sem, all the more, Fms. i. 184.

γ. with ‘en’ following; framar en, farther than, more than; mun hér því ( therefore) framarr leitað en hvarvetna annars-staðar, Fms. i. 213; at ganga framarr á hendr Þorleiki en mitt leyfi er til, Ld. 154; hversu Þorólfr var framarr en ek, Eg. 112; framarr er hann en ek, he is better than I, Nj. 3; sókn framarr ( rather) en vörn, 236; framarr en ( farther than) nú er skilt, Js. 48; því at hann væri framarr en aðrir menn at sér, better than other men, Mar. 25.

2. superl., svá sem sá er framast ( foremost) elskaði, Fs. 80; svá sem framast má, 655 xi. 2; sem Guð lér honum framast vit til, Js. 5: with gen., konungr virði hann framast allra sona sinna, Fms. i. 6; at Haraldr væri framast þeirra bræðra, 59; framast þeirra at allri sæmd, viii. 272.

n. a phrase, expression; þat er o. at sá er tý-hraustr, Edda 16; þvílík orðtök hafa menn mjök til þess at yrkja fólgit, 110; vér skulum hafa allir eitt orðtak ( watchword), framm fram Krists-menn! Ó. H. 204, Fms. ix. 510.

2. speech, words, a way of speaking, language; þá féllusk öllum Ásum orðtök, words failed them, they were sfruck dumb, Edda 37; þat þykkjumk ek skilja á orðtaki þínu, at …, Fms. xi. 56; at guðlasta með þínu heiðingligu orðtæki, ii. 130; o. vándra manna, Nj. 83; Gunnarr heyrði öll orðtökin, G. heard all the words they said, 68; um orðtæki manna, Gþl. 192; en þat er yðr er sagt frá orðtökum várum Þrænda, Ó. H. 103; þat var eitt orðtak allra, all said the same, Eg. 282; eiga orðtak við e-n, to have a talk with one, Sturl. ii. 163; var skirt orðtakið ok rómrinn mikill yfir málinu, Fms. viii. 447.

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(að), v.

1) to stroll, walk (Þrándr reikaði eptir fjörunni);

2) r. á fótum, á fótunum, to totter on one’s legs;

3) to waver (ok reikaði hans hugr mjök).

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að, to wander, take a walk; Þrándr reikaði eptir fjörunni, Fms. ii. 93; Björn reikaði framm með sjónum, Ld. 6; Gautr reikaði á gólfinu, Fær. 242; konungr reikar ofan til strandar, Fas. iii. 456; eptir máltíðina dagliga reikaði hann fyrst, Bs. i. 848.

2. to swagger; rasa eðr reika, Lil. 92; ok reikaði hans hugr mjök, Fms. viii. 12: to totter on one’s legs, þá reikaði Þórir á fótunum, vii. 12; meir reikandi en gangandi, Mar.; reikar á fótum, Band. 8, Bs. i. 338, Lv. 81; reikendr, part. pl. the wanderers, i. e. the planets (πλάνητες), Rb. (1812) 4.

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(sel, selda, seldr), v.

1) to hand over, deliver;

selja e-m e-t (Ásta selr honum sverðit);

selja e-t í hendr e-m, to make over to one (hann seldi búit í hendr Þorsteini);

selja vápn ór hendi sér, to give up (deliver) one’s weapons;

selja e-t fram, to deliver up;

selja e-m e-t til varðveizlu, to commit to another’s keeping (þér skulut nú selja mér til varðveizlu vápn yður);

hann kvazt hvárki vildu selja grið né taka, he said that he would neither give nor receive pardon;

selja e-m laun, to give reward, pay;

selja fé at láni, to lend money;

selja á leigu, to put out at interest;

selja á frest, to give on credit;

2) to sell, part with (hann seldi land sitt);

selja e-t við litlu (miklu) verði, to sell for a small (great) sum;

selja mansali, to sell into bondage;

þótti þeim konungr út seldr, a done man (= fram seldr);

3) refl., seljast, to give oneself up (seljast arfsali);

seljast út, to turn out;

aldri mun þat vel út seljast, it will never go well.

f. sallow, willow.

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pres. sel, selr (sell, Grág. ii. 80); pret. seldi; part. seldr; [A. S. seljan; Engl. sell; Dan. sælge]:—to hand over to another; s. e-m e-t, or absol.; Ásta selr honum sverðit, Fms. iv. 37: hann tók sverð búit ok seldi Birni ok fingrgull—Sverð þetta, sagði hann, gef ek þér, Ó. H. 53; hann seldi smala-manni höfuðit, Nj. 70; hann tók menit af hálsi sér ok seldi Finni, Ó. H. 136, 148: selja fram, to deliver up, Hkr. ii. 243; mun hann s. framm Hrapp, Nj. 133, 134; selja af höndum, Fms. iv. 278; s. e-t í hendr e-m, Eg. 180, 715; hann seldi búit í hendr Þorsteini, 704; s. vápn ór hendi sér, Fs. 29; hann seldu þan til fóstrs í Suðreyjar, Fms. i. 250; s. e-m sonu sína til fóstrs, 5; seldu honum margir sonu sína til læringar, Ib. 14; meirr en efni sé til seld, more than is due, Bs. i. 137, Fs. 84.

2. to yield milk, of a cow; hún (the cow) selr ekki, vill ekki selja, in which case the Scottish milk-maids use a tulchan or stuffed calfskin.

3. a law term, selja sök, to make over a suit into the hands of a delegate to plead it in court; svá skal sök selja, at þeir skolu takask í hendr, sú er sök tekr ok hinn er sell (hand-sal), Grág. ii. 80; aðra skóggangs sök sel ek þér á hendr Starkaði … mun ek s. þér í hendr legorðs-sökina, Ni. 98, 99; s. vig-sök, Grág. ii. 80; s. mál í hendr e-m, Eg. 732; s. e-m sjálfdæmi (q. v.), Nj. 92; s. e-m grið, Edda. 57; hann kvaðsk hvárki vildu s. grið né taka, neither give nor receive pardon, Nj. 92: phrases, s. e-m laun, to give a reward, pay; hefir hann áðr selt mér laun í heilræðum, 1 79, 214; s. fé at láni, to put out money on credit, lend money, Ísl. ii. 223; s. á leigu, to put out on interest, Grág. i. 390; ljá eða selja á leigu, 437; selja á frest, to sell on credit, Vápn. 7: selja upp, to throw up, vomit, (upp-sala.)

II. to sell, part with (derived from the preceding sense), Fms. x. 5, 227; hann seldi land sitt, Ld. 134; ef þú selr land þetta þeim Bolla, 212; ek em kominn at fala at þér hey ok mat, … Hvártki vil ek þér selja—Viltú gefa mér þá? Nj. 73; ef hón kaupir meira, ok á sá eigi heimting til þess er hann seidi henni, Grág. i. 334; s. við litlu verði, to sell for a small sum, Eg. 100; ekki sel ek hann nema við miklu verði, Fms. x. 227; cp. við hleifi seldu, they sold me for a loaf (?), Hm.: selja mansali, to sell into bondage, Fms. x. 224; s. sik sem dýrast, to sell one’s life as dear as possible, xi. 376; þótti þeim konungr út seldr, a done man, Odd. 12; þeir Erlendr vóru fram seldir ( lost men), ef …, Fms. vii. 318; fram seldir ok til dauða dæmdir, 65.

III. reflex. to give oneself up; seljask arfsali, to give oneself up as arfsals-maðr (q. v.), Grág. i. 204, Vápn. 13; gjarna vilda ek at hann seldisk með minnum vandræðum en á horfðisk, Ld. 254; aldri mun þat vel út seljask, it will never go well, Karl. 152; við marga hafit er heit góð, en misjafnt þykkir út seljask, Nj. 122: to hire oneself out, ef hann selsk dýrra á leigu, Grág. i. 149.

2. recipr. to exchange; þeir görðu frið ok seldusk gíslar, Hkr. i. 7; hafit heilir grið selzk, ii. 166

3. pass. to be sold, Fms. i. 79, 186.

4. part. seljandi, a seller, vendor; seljandi saka, Grág. i. 370, 480; selendr ok kaupendr, Grág. 39.

f. track, trail (sáu menn s. liggja frá skipunum, því at dögg hafði fallit); cf. döggslóð.

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f. [cp. Ulf. slauþjan; Engl. sleuth, slot, in sleuth-hound], a track or trail in snow or the like; slóð Fáfnis, Sæm. 133; kómu á manna-för, ok lá sú slóð framm á skóginn, Eg. 578; þá skildi ok slóðina, 579; hann seri því eptir í slóðna, Ó. H. 135; skuluð ér nú fara at slóð þessi, Fms. iv. 340.

II. plur. slóðir. a ship’s wake; þá, velkti úti lengi í hafi, ok kómu þeir ekki á þær slóðir sem þeir vildu, Þorf. Karl. 390.

1) up;

sitja uppi, to sit up;

hafa uppi øxina, to lift the axe;

standa uppi, to be left standing (þeir, er þá stóðu uppi);

to lie ashore, of a ship;

var uppi röst mikil á firðinum, the current rose high;

eiga vef uppi, to have a loom up, to be at work weaving;

vera snemma uppi, to be up early;

láta e-t uppi, to come forth with;

2) vera uppi, to live (í þeira manna minnum, er þá vóru uppi);

to be at an end, gone (var uppi hverr peningr);

nú munu uppi sögur þínar, now you must be quite at the end of your stories.

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adv. [Ulf. jupa; Dan. oppe], up, upon, above, cp. niðr and niðri, framm and frammi; sitja uppi, Nj. 220; jarl sat uppi, sate up, of a sick person. Fms. ix. 245; hafa uppi öxina. to lift, Nj. 19; hann grét uppi yfir honum, he wept, bent up over him. Fms. x. 174; þar stendr skip uppi, to lie ashore, Nj. 259; var uppi röst mikil á firðinum, the current rose high, Fms. xi. 145; seglit var u., the sail was up, Ld. 76; eiga vef uppi, to have a loom up, to be at work, weaving. Fms. xi. 49; borð eru uppi, x. 19, Hkr. ii. 192 (see borð); boginn má eigi einart uppi standa, cp. ‘neque semper arcum tendit Apollo,’ 623. 19; vera snemma uppi, to be up early, Fms. ix. 504; árla dags er uppi sá, Skíða R.: often with other prepositions, á uppi or uppi á, upon; á hjálminn uppi, Fms. xi. 133; þar u. á hellunni, Nj. 14; standa þar á uppi, 155; á heiðum uppi, Grág. ii. 352; uppi í; uppi í músina, Fms. i. 45; uppi í Meðaldal, 57; uppi með ánni, Nj. 154.

II. metaph., láta e-t uppi, to come forthwith, Grág.; heiman-fylgja skal uppi vera við erfingja, is to be discharged, N. G. L. i. 49; hafa e-t uppi, to take forth, Nj. 32; hafa úróa uppi, to shew, Fms. ix. 270; skyldi uppi vera rannsökun, a ransacking was up, i. e. was to take place, Ld. 44.

2. vera uppi, to be ‘all up,’ at an end; vóru uppi allar örvarnar, Fms. viii. 140; var u. hverr penningr, every penny gone, vi. 299; nú munu uppi sögur þínar, it will be all up with thy stories, 355.

3. þeim er þá stóðu uppi, who were left, Hkr. i. 210; þessir vóru allir uppi ( lived) á einn tíma, Ísl. ii. 209: þat man æ uppi meðan Ísland er byggt, Landn. 149, v. l.

гл. сильн. I протекать; идти; líða framm продвигаться; liðnar sjónir закатившиеся глаза; leið á (нар.) kveldit (вин.) вечерело

ĭtĕrum (collat. form ‡ ĭtĕro, Inscr. ap. Fea Framm. di Fast. Cons. Tav. 10, n. 26), adv. [ acc. sing. n. of compar. form from pronom. stem i- of is; cf. Sanscr. itara, the other; Hibern. itir], again, a second time, once more, anew.

Lit.:

ubi rex Agathocles regnator fuit, et iterum Phintias, tertium Liparo,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 58:

iterum mihi natus videor, quia te repperi,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 117:

iterum ille eam rem judicatam judicat,

id. Rud. prol. 19:

Livianae fabulae non satis dignae sunt, quae iterum legantur,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71:

C. Flaminius consul iterum,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

T. Quinctius Pennus, iterum,

Liv. 4, 30; Nep. Hann. 5, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 4:

cum is iterum bellum dare dixisset,

Liv. 21, 18. —

In enumerations: primo quidem decipi, incommodum est: iterum, stultum: tertio turpe,

Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; id. Font. 8, 16; Suet. Caes. 36; id. Aug. 25; Nep. Hann. 6, 1; Juv. 4, 1.—With other advv., esp. with semel, tertium, etc.:

cum his Aeduos semel atque iterum armis contendisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Juv. 3, 134:

Venerium jacere iterum ac tertium,

Cic. Div. 2, 59, 121:

iterum atque tertium tribuni,

Liv. 3, 19:

semel iterumque,

Cic. Div. 1, 25, 54.—

Repeated: iterum atque iterum spectare,

again and again, repeatedly, Hor. S. 1, 10, 39:

iterum atque iterum fragor increpat ingens,

Verg. A. 8, 527:

iterumque iterumque vocavi,

id. ib. 2, 770; 3, 436.—

Transf., in turn, again, on the other hand:

cum is iterum sinu effuso bellum dare dixisset,

having loosed again the fold, Liv. 21, 18 fin.; Just. 21, 4, 6:

pares iterum accusandi caussas esse,

Tac. A. 12, 65.

paulus ( paull-), a, um, adj. [for paurulus; Gr. root pauros; cf. misellus for miserulus].

In gen., little, small (anteclass. and poet.):

paulo momento huc vel illuc impelli,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

paulo sumptu,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:

pauper a paulo lare,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.: paula trua, Titin. ap. Non. 19, 19.—

Subst.: pau-lum, i, n., a little, a trifle: de paulo paululum [p. 1318] hoc tibi dabo, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 31:

quasi vero paulum intersiet,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 18:

an paulum hoc esse tibi videtur?

id. ib. 5, 2, 18;

5, 8, 38: agelli paulum,

id. Ad. 5, 8, 26:

supplicī,

id. And. 5, 3, 32; so,

negotī,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 92:

lucri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 25:

paulum huic Cottae tribuit partium,

allotted a small part of his defence, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229:

nil Aut paulum abstulerat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 33:

ubi paulum nescio quid superest,

Juv. 11, 47: post paulum, v. infra. —

Adverb. uses.

Abl.: paulo, by a little, a little, somewhat.

With comp.:

paulo prius,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 7:

liberius paulo,

Cic. Or. 24, 82:

civis haud paulo melior, quam, etc.,

id. Att. 2, 12, 3:

paulo secus,

id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

haud paulo plus,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

paulo minus consideratus,

id. Quint. 3, 11:

paulo magis affabre factus,

id. Verr. 1, 5, 14:

verbis paulo magis priscis uti,

id. Brut. 21, 82:

paulo longius processerant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

maturius paulo,

id. ib. 1, 54:

paulo minus quatuordecim annos,

a little under, Suet. Ner. 40:

paulo minus, quam privatum egit,

id. Tib. 26:

paulo minus octogesimo aetatis anno decessit,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 1:

paulo minus quinque millia,

id. Pan. 28, 4.—

Esp. with ante, post:

quae paulo ante praecepta dedimus,

Cic. Part. 39, 137:

paulo ante,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; Juv. 6, 227; 9, 114:

post paulo,

just after, a little after, Sall. C. 18, 3; Liv. 22, 60. —

With words and expressions implying superiority or comparison:

magnitudine paulo antecedunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

verba paulo nimium redundantia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88:

histrio si paulo se movit extra numerum,

id. Par. 3, 2, 26:

paulo ultra eum locum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 66:

paulo mox,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268.—

Without comparison (rare), a little, somewhat:

paulo qui est homo tolerabilis,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 31:

ut non solum gloriosis consiliis utamur, sed etiam paulo salubribus,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 5:

aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna, Lux mea, etc.,

Cat. 68, 131.—Hence,

Acc.: paulum, a little, somewhat:

paulum supra eum locum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 9:

epistolae me paulum recreant,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5:

paulum differre,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 85:

requiescere,

id. de Or. 1, 62, 265:

commorari,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28: scaphae paulum progressae, Sall. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 10 (Hist. 1, 60 Dietsch):

paulum aspectu conterritus haesit,

Verg. A. 3, 597.—

With adv. of time or place:

post paulum,

a little later, after a short time, Caes. B. G. 7, 50; Quint. 9, 4, 19; 2, 17, 25; 11, 3, 148:

ultra paulum,

id. 11, 3, 21; cf.:

infra jugulum,

Suet. Caes. 82; cf. also: paulum praelabitur ante, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111.—

With comp.:

haud paulum major,

Sil. 15, 21:

tardius,

Stat. Th. 10, 938.

Paulus ( Paull-), i, m., a Roman surname (not a praenomen; cf. Borghesi Framm. de' Fasti Cons. i. p. 49, and his Dec. Numism. 4, n. 10) of the Æmilian family, Cic. Lael. 6, 21; id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 14.

L. Aemilius Paulus, a consul who fell in the battle near Cannœ, Hor. C. 1, 12, 38; Cic. Sen. 20, 75; id. Div. 2, 33, 71.—

The son of no. I., the adoptive father of the younger Scipio and the conqueror of Perseus, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2; id. Sen. 6, 15. —

Q. Paulus Fabius Maximus, a consul A. U. C. 743, Front. Aquaed. 100.—

Julius Paulus, a celebrated jurist under Alexander Severus, a colleague of Papinian, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26.—

Paul, Christian name of Saul of Tarsus, the apostle to the Gentiles, author of many epistles to the Churches, Vulg. Act. passim.—

Sergius Paulus, proconsul in Cyprus, Vulg. Act. 13, 7.—Hence,

Paulĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Paulian:

Pauliana victoria,

the victory of L. Æmilius Paulus over Perseus, Val. Max. 8, 11, 1: Pauliana responsa, of the jurist J. Paulus, Dig. praef. ad Antecess. § 5.—

Paulī-nus ( Paull-), a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Pauline, only as a Roman surname.—Subst.

Paulīnus, i, m.:

C. Suetonius Paulinus,

Tac. A. 14, 29.—

Paulīna, ae, f.:

Lollia Paulina,

wife of the emperor Caligula, Suet. Calig. 25; Tac. A. 12, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 117.

paulus ( paull-), a, um, adj. [for paurulus; Gr. root pauros; cf. misellus for miserulus].

In gen., little, small (anteclass. and poet.):

paulo momento huc vel illuc impelli,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

paulo sumptu,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:

pauper a paulo lare,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.: paula trua, Titin. ap. Non. 19, 19.—

Subst.: pau-lum, i, n., a little, a trifle: de paulo paululum [p. 1318] hoc tibi dabo, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 31:

quasi vero paulum intersiet,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 18:

an paulum hoc esse tibi videtur?

id. ib. 5, 2, 18;

5, 8, 38: agelli paulum,

id. Ad. 5, 8, 26:

supplicī,

id. And. 5, 3, 32; so,

negotī,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 92:

lucri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 25:

paulum huic Cottae tribuit partium,

allotted a small part of his defence, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229:

nil Aut paulum abstulerat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 33:

ubi paulum nescio quid superest,

Juv. 11, 47: post paulum, v. infra. —

Adverb. uses.

Abl.: paulo, by a little, a little, somewhat.

With comp.:

paulo prius,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 7:

liberius paulo,

Cic. Or. 24, 82:

civis haud paulo melior, quam, etc.,

id. Att. 2, 12, 3:

paulo secus,

id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

haud paulo plus,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

paulo minus consideratus,

id. Quint. 3, 11:

paulo magis affabre factus,

id. Verr. 1, 5, 14:

verbis paulo magis priscis uti,

id. Brut. 21, 82:

paulo longius processerant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

maturius paulo,

id. ib. 1, 54:

paulo minus quatuordecim annos,

a little under, Suet. Ner. 40:

paulo minus, quam privatum egit,

id. Tib. 26:

paulo minus octogesimo aetatis anno decessit,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 1:

paulo minus quinque millia,

id. Pan. 28, 4.—

Esp. with ante, post:

quae paulo ante praecepta dedimus,

Cic. Part. 39, 137:

paulo ante,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; Juv. 6, 227; 9, 114:

post paulo,

just after, a little after, Sall. C. 18, 3; Liv. 22, 60. —

With words and expressions implying superiority or comparison:

magnitudine paulo antecedunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

verba paulo nimium redundantia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88:

histrio si paulo se movit extra numerum,

id. Par. 3, 2, 26:

paulo ultra eum locum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 66:

paulo mox,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268.—

Without comparison (rare), a little, somewhat:

paulo qui est homo tolerabilis,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 31:

ut non solum gloriosis consiliis utamur, sed etiam paulo salubribus,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 5:

aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna, Lux mea, etc.,

Cat. 68, 131.—Hence,

Acc.: paulum, a little, somewhat:

paulum supra eum locum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 9:

epistolae me paulum recreant,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5:

paulum differre,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 85:

requiescere,

id. de Or. 1, 62, 265:

commorari,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28: scaphae paulum progressae, Sall. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 10 (Hist. 1, 60 Dietsch):

paulum aspectu conterritus haesit,

Verg. A. 3, 597.—

With adv. of time or place:

post paulum,

a little later, after a short time, Caes. B. G. 7, 50; Quint. 9, 4, 19; 2, 17, 25; 11, 3, 148:

ultra paulum,

id. 11, 3, 21; cf.:

infra jugulum,

Suet. Caes. 82; cf. also: paulum praelabitur ante, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111.—

With comp.:

haud paulum major,

Sil. 15, 21:

tardius,

Stat. Th. 10, 938.

Paulus ( Paull-), i, m., a Roman surname (not a praenomen; cf. Borghesi Framm. de' Fasti Cons. i. p. 49, and his Dec. Numism. 4, n. 10) of the Æmilian family, Cic. Lael. 6, 21; id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 14.

L. Aemilius Paulus, a consul who fell in the battle near Cannœ, Hor. C. 1, 12, 38; Cic. Sen. 20, 75; id. Div. 2, 33, 71.—

The son of no. I., the adoptive father of the younger Scipio and the conqueror of Perseus, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2; id. Sen. 6, 15. —

Q. Paulus Fabius Maximus, a consul A. U. C. 743, Front. Aquaed. 100.—

Julius Paulus, a celebrated jurist under Alexander Severus, a colleague of Papinian, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26.—

Paul, Christian name of Saul of Tarsus, the apostle to the Gentiles, author of many epistles to the Churches, Vulg. Act. passim.—

Sergius Paulus, proconsul in Cyprus, Vulg. Act. 13, 7.—Hence,

Paulĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Paulian:

Pauliana victoria,

the victory of L. Æmilius Paulus over Perseus, Val. Max. 8, 11, 1: Pauliana responsa, of the jurist J. Paulus, Dig. praef. ad Antecess. § 5.—

Paulī-nus ( Paull-), a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Pauline, only as a Roman surname.—Subst.

Paulīnus, i, m.:

C. Suetonius Paulinus,

Tac. A. 14, 29.—

Paulīna, ae, f.:

Lollia Paulina,

wife of the emperor Caligula, Suet. Calig. 25; Tac. A. 12, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 117.

paulus ( paull-), a, um, adj. [for paurulus; Gr. root pauros; cf. misellus for miserulus].

In gen., little, small (anteclass. and poet.):

paulo momento huc vel illuc impelli,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

paulo sumptu,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:

pauper a paulo lare,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.: paula trua, Titin. ap. Non. 19, 19.—

Subst.: pau-lum, i, n., a little, a trifle: de paulo paululum [p. 1318] hoc tibi dabo, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 31:

quasi vero paulum intersiet,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 18:

an paulum hoc esse tibi videtur?

id. ib. 5, 2, 18;

5, 8, 38: agelli paulum,

id. Ad. 5, 8, 26:

supplicī,

id. And. 5, 3, 32; so,

negotī,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 92:

lucri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 25:

paulum huic Cottae tribuit partium,

allotted a small part of his defence, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229:

nil Aut paulum abstulerat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 33:

ubi paulum nescio quid superest,

Juv. 11, 47: post paulum, v. infra. —

Adverb. uses.

Abl.: paulo, by a little, a little, somewhat.

With comp.:

paulo prius,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 7:

liberius paulo,

Cic. Or. 24, 82:

civis haud paulo melior, quam, etc.,

id. Att. 2, 12, 3:

paulo secus,

id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

haud paulo plus,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

paulo minus consideratus,

id. Quint. 3, 11:

paulo magis affabre factus,

id. Verr. 1, 5, 14:

verbis paulo magis priscis uti,

id. Brut. 21, 82:

paulo longius processerant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

maturius paulo,

id. ib. 1, 54:

paulo minus quatuordecim annos,

a little under, Suet. Ner. 40:

paulo minus, quam privatum egit,

id. Tib. 26:

paulo minus octogesimo aetatis anno decessit,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 1:

paulo minus quinque millia,

id. Pan. 28, 4.—

Esp. with ante, post:

quae paulo ante praecepta dedimus,

Cic. Part. 39, 137:

paulo ante,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; Juv. 6, 227; 9, 114:

post paulo,

just after, a little after, Sall. C. 18, 3; Liv. 22, 60. —

With words and expressions implying superiority or comparison:

magnitudine paulo antecedunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

verba paulo nimium redundantia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88:

histrio si paulo se movit extra numerum,

id. Par. 3, 2, 26:

paulo ultra eum locum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 66:

paulo mox,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268.—

Without comparison (rare), a little, somewhat:

paulo qui est homo tolerabilis,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 31:

ut non solum gloriosis consiliis utamur, sed etiam paulo salubribus,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 5:

aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna, Lux mea, etc.,

Cat. 68, 131.—Hence,

Acc.: paulum, a little, somewhat:

paulum supra eum locum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 9:

epistolae me paulum recreant,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5:

paulum differre,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 85:

requiescere,

id. de Or. 1, 62, 265:

commorari,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28: scaphae paulum progressae, Sall. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 10 (Hist. 1, 60 Dietsch):

paulum aspectu conterritus haesit,

Verg. A. 3, 597.—

With adv. of time or place:

post paulum,

a little later, after a short time, Caes. B. G. 7, 50; Quint. 9, 4, 19; 2, 17, 25; 11, 3, 148:

ultra paulum,

id. 11, 3, 21; cf.:

infra jugulum,

Suet. Caes. 82; cf. also: paulum praelabitur ante, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111.—

With comp.:

haud paulum major,

Sil. 15, 21:

tardius,

Stat. Th. 10, 938.

Paulus ( Paull-), i, m., a Roman surname (not a praenomen; cf. Borghesi Framm. de' Fasti Cons. i. p. 49, and his Dec. Numism. 4, n. 10) of the Æmilian family, Cic. Lael. 6, 21; id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 14.

L. Aemilius Paulus, a consul who fell in the battle near Cannœ, Hor. C. 1, 12, 38; Cic. Sen. 20, 75; id. Div. 2, 33, 71.—

The son of no. I., the adoptive father of the younger Scipio and the conqueror of Perseus, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2; id. Sen. 6, 15. —

Q. Paulus Fabius Maximus, a consul A. U. C. 743, Front. Aquaed. 100.—

Julius Paulus, a celebrated jurist under Alexander Severus, a colleague of Papinian, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26.—

Paul, Christian name of Saul of Tarsus, the apostle to the Gentiles, author of many epistles to the Churches, Vulg. Act. passim.—

Sergius Paulus, proconsul in Cyprus, Vulg. Act. 13, 7.—Hence,

Paulĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Paulian:

Pauliana victoria,

the victory of L. Æmilius Paulus over Perseus, Val. Max. 8, 11, 1: Pauliana responsa, of the jurist J. Paulus, Dig. praef. ad Antecess. § 5.—

Paulī-nus ( Paull-), a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Pauline, only as a Roman surname.—Subst.

Paulīnus, i, m.:

C. Suetonius Paulinus,

Tac. A. 14, 29.—

Paulīna, ae, f.:

Lollia Paulina,

wife of the emperor Caligula, Suet. Calig. 25; Tac. A. 12, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 117.

paulus ( paull-), a, um, adj. [for paurulus; Gr. root pauros; cf. misellus for miserulus].

In gen., little, small (anteclass. and poet.):

paulo momento huc vel illuc impelli,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

paulo sumptu,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:

pauper a paulo lare,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.: paula trua, Titin. ap. Non. 19, 19.—

Subst.: pau-lum, i, n., a little, a trifle: de paulo paululum [p. 1318] hoc tibi dabo, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 31:

quasi vero paulum intersiet,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 18:

an paulum hoc esse tibi videtur?

id. ib. 5, 2, 18;

5, 8, 38: agelli paulum,

id. Ad. 5, 8, 26:

supplicī,

id. And. 5, 3, 32; so,

negotī,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 92:

lucri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 25:

paulum huic Cottae tribuit partium,

allotted a small part of his defence, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229:

nil Aut paulum abstulerat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 33:

ubi paulum nescio quid superest,

Juv. 11, 47: post paulum, v. infra. —

Adverb. uses.

Abl.: paulo, by a little, a little, somewhat.

With comp.:

paulo prius,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 7:

liberius paulo,

Cic. Or. 24, 82:

civis haud paulo melior, quam, etc.,

id. Att. 2, 12, 3:

paulo secus,

id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

haud paulo plus,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

paulo minus consideratus,

id. Quint. 3, 11:

paulo magis affabre factus,

id. Verr. 1, 5, 14:

verbis paulo magis priscis uti,

id. Brut. 21, 82:

paulo longius processerant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

maturius paulo,

id. ib. 1, 54:

paulo minus quatuordecim annos,

a little under, Suet. Ner. 40:

paulo minus, quam privatum egit,

id. Tib. 26:

paulo minus octogesimo aetatis anno decessit,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 1:

paulo minus quinque millia,

id. Pan. 28, 4.—

Esp. with ante, post:

quae paulo ante praecepta dedimus,

Cic. Part. 39, 137:

paulo ante,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; Juv. 6, 227; 9, 114:

post paulo,

just after, a little after, Sall. C. 18, 3; Liv. 22, 60. —

With words and expressions implying superiority or comparison:

magnitudine paulo antecedunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

verba paulo nimium redundantia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88:

histrio si paulo se movit extra numerum,

id. Par. 3, 2, 26:

paulo ultra eum locum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 66:

paulo mox,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268.—

Without comparison (rare), a little, somewhat:

paulo qui est homo tolerabilis,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 31:

ut non solum gloriosis consiliis utamur, sed etiam paulo salubribus,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 5:

aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna, Lux mea, etc.,

Cat. 68, 131.—Hence,

Acc.: paulum, a little, somewhat:

paulum supra eum locum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 9:

epistolae me paulum recreant,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5:

paulum differre,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 85:

requiescere,

id. de Or. 1, 62, 265:

commorari,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28: scaphae paulum progressae, Sall. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 10 (Hist. 1, 60 Dietsch):

paulum aspectu conterritus haesit,

Verg. A. 3, 597.—

With adv. of time or place:

post paulum,

a little later, after a short time, Caes. B. G. 7, 50; Quint. 9, 4, 19; 2, 17, 25; 11, 3, 148:

ultra paulum,

id. 11, 3, 21; cf.:

infra jugulum,

Suet. Caes. 82; cf. also: paulum praelabitur ante, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111.—

With comp.:

haud paulum major,

Sil. 15, 21:

tardius,

Stat. Th. 10, 938.

Paulus ( Paull-), i, m., a Roman surname (not a praenomen; cf. Borghesi Framm. de' Fasti Cons. i. p. 49, and his Dec. Numism. 4, n. 10) of the Æmilian family, Cic. Lael. 6, 21; id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 14.

L. Aemilius Paulus, a consul who fell in the battle near Cannœ, Hor. C. 1, 12, 38; Cic. Sen. 20, 75; id. Div. 2, 33, 71.—

The son of no. I., the adoptive father of the younger Scipio and the conqueror of Perseus, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2; id. Sen. 6, 15. —

Q. Paulus Fabius Maximus, a consul A. U. C. 743, Front. Aquaed. 100.—

Julius Paulus, a celebrated jurist under Alexander Severus, a colleague of Papinian, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26.—

Paul, Christian name of Saul of Tarsus, the apostle to the Gentiles, author of many epistles to the Churches, Vulg. Act. passim.—

Sergius Paulus, proconsul in Cyprus, Vulg. Act. 13, 7.—Hence,

Paulĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Paulian:

Pauliana victoria,

the victory of L. Æmilius Paulus over Perseus, Val. Max. 8, 11, 1: Pauliana responsa, of the jurist J. Paulus, Dig. praef. ad Antecess. § 5.—

Paulī-nus ( Paull-), a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Pauline, only as a Roman surname.—Subst.

Paulīnus, i, m.:

C. Suetonius Paulinus,

Tac. A. 14, 29.—

Paulīna, ae, f.:

Lollia Paulina,

wife of the emperor Caligula, Suet. Calig. 25; Tac. A. 12, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 117.

paulus ( paull-), a, um, adj. [for paurulus; Gr. root pauros; cf. misellus for miserulus].

In gen., little, small (anteclass. and poet.):

paulo momento huc vel illuc impelli,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

paulo sumptu,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 22:

pauper a paulo lare,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 92 Müll.: paula trua, Titin. ap. Non. 19, 19.—

Subst.: pau-lum, i, n., a little, a trifle: de paulo paululum [p. 1318] hoc tibi dabo, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 31:

quasi vero paulum intersiet,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 18:

an paulum hoc esse tibi videtur?

id. ib. 5, 2, 18;

5, 8, 38: agelli paulum,

id. Ad. 5, 8, 26:

supplicī,

id. And. 5, 3, 32; so,

negotī,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 92:

lucri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 25:

paulum huic Cottae tribuit partium,

allotted a small part of his defence, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229:

nil Aut paulum abstulerat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 33:

ubi paulum nescio quid superest,

Juv. 11, 47: post paulum, v. infra. —

Adverb. uses.

Abl.: paulo, by a little, a little, somewhat.

With comp.:

paulo prius,

Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 7:

liberius paulo,

Cic. Or. 24, 82:

civis haud paulo melior, quam, etc.,

id. Att. 2, 12, 3:

paulo secus,

id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:

haud paulo plus,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

paulo minus consideratus,

id. Quint. 3, 11:

paulo magis affabre factus,

id. Verr. 1, 5, 14:

verbis paulo magis priscis uti,

id. Brut. 21, 82:

paulo longius processerant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

maturius paulo,

id. ib. 1, 54:

paulo minus quatuordecim annos,

a little under, Suet. Ner. 40:

paulo minus, quam privatum egit,

id. Tib. 26:

paulo minus octogesimo aetatis anno decessit,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 1:

paulo minus quinque millia,

id. Pan. 28, 4.—

Esp. with ante, post:

quae paulo ante praecepta dedimus,

Cic. Part. 39, 137:

paulo ante,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; Juv. 6, 227; 9, 114:

post paulo,

just after, a little after, Sall. C. 18, 3; Liv. 22, 60. —

With words and expressions implying superiority or comparison:

magnitudine paulo antecedunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

verba paulo nimium redundantia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88:

histrio si paulo se movit extra numerum,

id. Par. 3, 2, 26:

paulo ultra eum locum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 66:

paulo mox,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268.—

Without comparison (rare), a little, somewhat:

paulo qui est homo tolerabilis,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 31:

ut non solum gloriosis consiliis utamur, sed etiam paulo salubribus,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 5:

aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna, Lux mea, etc.,

Cat. 68, 131.—Hence,

Acc.: paulum, a little, somewhat:

paulum supra eum locum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 9:

epistolae me paulum recreant,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5:

paulum differre,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 85:

requiescere,

id. de Or. 1, 62, 265:

commorari,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28: scaphae paulum progressae, Sall. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 10 (Hist. 1, 60 Dietsch):

paulum aspectu conterritus haesit,

Verg. A. 3, 597.—

With adv. of time or place:

post paulum,

a little later, after a short time, Caes. B. G. 7, 50; Quint. 9, 4, 19; 2, 17, 25; 11, 3, 148:

ultra paulum,

id. 11, 3, 21; cf.:

infra jugulum,

Suet. Caes. 82; cf. also: paulum praelabitur ante, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111.—

With comp.:

haud paulum major,

Sil. 15, 21:

tardius,

Stat. Th. 10, 938.

Paulus ( Paull-), i, m., a Roman surname (not a praenomen; cf. Borghesi Framm. de' Fasti Cons. i. p. 49, and his Dec. Numism. 4, n. 10) of the Æmilian family, Cic. Lael. 6, 21; id. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 14.

L. Aemilius Paulus, a consul who fell in the battle near Cannœ, Hor. C. 1, 12, 38; Cic. Sen. 20, 75; id. Div. 2, 33, 71.—

The son of no. I., the adoptive father of the younger Scipio and the conqueror of Perseus, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2; id. Sen. 6, 15. —

Q. Paulus Fabius Maximus, a consul A. U. C. 743, Front. Aquaed. 100.—

Julius Paulus, a celebrated jurist under Alexander Severus, a colleague of Papinian, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26.—

Paul, Christian name of Saul of Tarsus, the apostle to the Gentiles, author of many epistles to the Churches, Vulg. Act. passim.—

Sergius Paulus, proconsul in Cyprus, Vulg. Act. 13, 7.—Hence,

Paulĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Paulian:

Pauliana victoria,

the victory of L. Æmilius Paulus over Perseus, Val. Max. 8, 11, 1: Pauliana responsa, of the jurist J. Paulus, Dig. praef. ad Antecess. § 5.—

Paulī-nus ( Paull-), a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Paulus, Pauline, only as a Roman surname.—Subst.

Paulīnus, i, m.:

C. Suetonius Paulinus,

Tac. A. 14, 29.—

Paulīna, ae, f.:

Lollia Paulina,

wife of the emperor Caligula, Suet. Calig. 25; Tac. A. 12, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 117.

pauper, pĕris ( fem. paupera, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 12, 519, called obsolete by Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.— Neutr. pauperum, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 33.— Gen. plur. pauperorum, Petr. 46 dub.; Inscr. ex Ann. p. Chr. n. 341: AMATOR PAVPERORVM, ap. Fea, Framm. de' Fasti Cons. p. 90), adj. [root pau- of pauros (cf. paucus, etc.), and per- of pario, pe-per-i, producing little], poor, i. e. not wealthy, of small means, that has only enough for his moderate expenses (cf.: indigus, egenus, inops).— Absol.:

pauper, cui opera vita erat, ruri fere Se continebat,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 16:

qui (judices) saepe propter invidiam adimunt diviti, Aut propter misericordiam addunt pauperi,

id. ib. 2, 1, 47:

optavit honeste in patriā pauper vivere,

id. And. 4, 5, 3:

servus domini pauperis,

id. Eun. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Par. 6, 3, 50:

sisne ex pauperrimo dives factus,

id. Vatin. 12, 29:

si abundans opibus pauperem se vocet,

Quint. 11, 1, 21:

quod Aeque pauperibus prodest, locupletibus aeque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 25.—With in and abl.:

meo sum pauper in aere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 12.—

With gen.:

horum Semper ego optarim pauperrimus esse bonorum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 79:

pauper Opimius argenti positi intus et auri,

id. ib. 2, 3, 142:

aquae,

id. C. 3, 30, 11.— Subst.: pauper, ĕris, comm., a poor man:

pauperum tabernae,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 13:

pauperum cenae,

id. ib. 3, 29, 14:

pauperum sepulcra,

id. Epod. 17, 47:

pauperiorum turbae,

id. S. 1, 1, 111.—

Of things, poor, scanty, inconsiderable, small, meagre (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).— Absol.:

pauperes res inopesque,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 24:

ager,

Tib. 1, 1, 23 (19):

mensa,

id. 1, 1, 37:

pauperis tuguri culmen,

Verg. E. 1, 69:

domus,

id. A. 12, 519:

et carmen venā pauperiore fluit,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 20:

pauper pudor,

Phaedr. 2, 1, 14:

nomina pauperis aevi,

Luc. 10, 151:

eloquentia,

Quint. 10, 5, 5.— With gen.:

pauper sulci cerealis Abella,

Sil. 8, 545.—With abl.: exemplis pauperior, App. Flor. fin. —

Transf., for egenus, needy, indigent: homo Pauper, qui educit in egestate liberos, Caecil. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 21:

inopes ac pauperes,

Cic. Par. 6, 3, 52.—

Trop., poor, feeble, intellectually (very rare; cf.

miser, misellus): miser enim et (ut ita dicam) pauper orator est, qui, etc.,

Quint. 8 prooem. § 28.—

Pauperes spiritu, i. e. humble, Vulg. Matt. 5, 3.—Hence, adv., poorly; in comp.:

pauperius incedit,

Tert. Cult. Fem. 11 fin.