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1 virkisgerî
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2 víggirîing
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3 styrking
* * *f. strengthening, support (hann var s. veikra).* * *f. a strengthening, refreshment, Stj. 493, Bs. ii. 161: confirmation, Dipl. ii. 14. -
4 BORG
(-ar, -ir), f.2) stronghold, fortification, castle;3) fortified town, city.* * *ar, f., pl. ir, [Ulf. baurgs = πόλις, and once Nehem. vii.2. = arx, castellum; A. S. burg, burh, byrig, = urbs and arx; Engl. borough and burgh; O. H. G. puruc, purc; late Lat. burgus; Ital. borgo; Fr. bourg; cp. Gr. πύργος; the radical sense appears in byrgja, to enclose; cp. also berg, a hill, and bjarga, to save, defend. Borg thus partly answers to town (properly an enclosure); and also includes the notion of Lat. arx, Gr. ακρόπολις, a castle. Old towns were usually built around a hill, which was specially a burg; the name is very freq. in old Teut. names of towns.]I. a small dome-shaped hill, hence the Icel. names of farms built near to such hills, v. Landn. (Gl.) Hel. once uses the word in this sense, 81; v. the Glossary of Schmeller; brann þá Borgarhraun, þar var bærinn sem nú er borgin (viz. the volcanic hill Eld-borg), Landn. 78; göngum upp á borgina ( the hill) ok tölum þar, Ísl. ii. 216; er borgin er við kend, Landn. 127; Borgar-holt, -hraun, -dalr, -höfn, -fjörðr, -lækr, -sandr; Arnarbælis-borg, Eld-borg (above) in the west of Icel. It may be questioned, whether those names are derived simply from the hill on which they stand (berg, bjarg), or whether such hills took their name from old fortifications built upon them: the latter is more likely, but no information is on record, and at present ‘borg’ only conveys the notion of a ‘hill;’ cp. hólar, borgir og hæðir, all synonymous, Núm. 2. 99.II. a wall, fortification, castle; en fyrir innan á jörðunni görðu þeir borg ( wall) umhverfis fyrir ófriði jötna … ok kölluðu þá borg Miðgarð, Edda 6; cp. also the tale of the giant, 25, 26; borg Ása, Vsp. 28; þeir höfðu gört steinvegg fyrir framan hellismunnann, ok höfðu sér þat allt fyrir borg (shelter, fortification), Fms. vii. 81; hann let göra b. á sunnanverðu Morhæfi ( Murrey), Orkn. 10, 310, 312, 396, Fms. i. 124, xi. 393, Eg. 160; the famous Moussaburg in Shetland, cp. Orkn. 398.III. a city, esp. a great one, as London, Hkr. ii. 10; Lisbon, iii. 234; York, 156; Dublin, Nj. 274; Constantinople, Fms. vii. 94; Nineveh, Sks. 592; Zion, Hom. 107, etc. This sense of the word, however, is borrowed from the South-Teut. or Engl. In Scandin. unfortified towns have -bæ or -by as a suffix; and the termin. -by marks towns founded by the Danes in North. E.COMPDS: borgararmr, borgargreifi, borgargörð, borgarhlið, borgarhreysi, borgarklettr, borgarkona, borgarlið, borgarlím, borgarlýðr, borgarmaðr, borgarmúgr, borgarmúrr, borgarsiðr, borgarsmíð, borgarstaðr, borgarveggr, Borgarþing, borgaskipan. -
5 búðar-virki
n. a fortification round a booth, Sturl. ii. 126, cp. Virkisbúð. -
6 búðarvirki
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7 steinvirki
См. также в других словарях:
fortification — [ fɔrtifikasjɔ̃ ] n. f. • 1360; lat. fortificatio, de fortis « fort » 1 ♦ Action de fortifier une place, de la munir d ouvrages défensifs. Travailler à la fortification d une position clé. 2 ♦ (XVe) Souvent plur. Ouvrage défensif, ou ensemble des … Encyclopédie Universelle
fortification — Fortification. s. f. v. Ouvrage de Terre ou de Massonnerie qui rend une place forte. La fortification de cette ville est excellente. les fortifications n en valent rien. abbattre, raser les fortifications. demolir les fortifications. dresser le… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Fortification — For ti*fi*ca tion, n. [L. fortificatio : cf. F. fortification.] 1. The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places in order to defend them against an enemy. [1913 Webster] 2. That which fortifies; especially, a work or works… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
fortification — early 15c., “strengthening,” also “defensive earthworks, tower” (mid 15c.), from M.Fr. fortification strengthening, fortification, from L.L. fortificationem (nom. fortificatio), noun of action from pp. stem of fortificare (see FORTIFY (Cf … Etymology dictionary
fortification — [fôrt΄ə fi kā′shən] n. [ME fortificacioun < OFr fortification < LL fortificatio < pp. of fortificare: see FORTIFY] 1. the act or science of fortifying 2. something used in fortifying; esp., a fort or defensive earthwork, wall, etc. 3. a… … English World dictionary
Fortification — Fortification, lat. dtsch., die Kriegsbaukunst; fortificiren, befestigen … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
fortification — index barrier, bulwark, corroboration, panoply, protection, safeguard, support (corroboration) … Law dictionary
fortification — [n] reinforced position barricade, barrier, bastion, battlement, block, blockhouse, breastwork, buffer, bulwark, castle, citadel, consolidation, defense, earthwork, embattlement, entrenchment, fastness, fort, fortress, garrison, keep, outpost,… … New thesaurus
fortification — ou lieu de forteresse, comme rempart ou bastillon, Munimentum, Munitio, Firmamentum, Firmamen, Ouid … Thresor de la langue françoyse
Fortification — Planche de Cyclopaedia sur les fortifications. La fortification (du latin fortificatio « action de fortifier ») est l art militaire de renforcer une position ou un lieu contre une attaque par des ouvrages de défense. Par extension, la… … Wikipédia en Français
Fortification — Fort and Fortress redirect here. For other uses, see Fort (disambiguation) and Fortress (disambiguation). For other uses, see Fortification (disambiguation) … Wikipedia
