flames

ζῆλος, ου, ὁ and ζῆλος, ους, τό in NT masc. sg. exc. 2 Cor 9:2; Phil 3:6 (both masc. as v.l.); n. gen. only Ac 5:17 v.l.; masc. pl. only Rom 13:13 v.l.; 2 Cor 12:20 v.l.; Gal 5:20 v.l.; in Apost. Fathers most oft. masc., but n. sg. ITr 4:2 and 1 Cl 4:8; 9:1; 11:13; 14:1; 63:2. For LXX usage s. Thackeray 158, 5; cp. ἐν ζήλει PsSol 2:24; 4:3; τὸ ζῆλος TestGad 5:3 (μῖσος v.l.); in Test12Patr ὁ ζῆλος, but w. n. in variants. Pl. ζήλη (GrBar 8:5). S. prec. entry and ζηλόω.

① intense positive interest in someth., zeal, ardor, marked by a sense of dedication (since Soph., Aj. 503; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 11, 1; LXX; TestAsh 4:5) 2 Cor 9:2. W. σπουδή (Dio Chrys. 17 [34], 48) 7:11; κατὰ ζ. as far as zeal is concerned Phil 3:6. W. obj. gen. (Soph., Oed. Col. 943; Strabo 13, 2, 4; Plut., Cor. 215 [4, 3]; Lucian, Adv. Ind. 17; 1 Macc 2:58. Oft. Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 271) ζ. θεοῦ zeal for God (Jdth 9:4; cp. ἐν ζήλῳ κυρίου TestAsh 4:5) Ro 10:2. ζ. τοῦ οἴκου σου zeal for your house J 2:17 (Ps 68:10). In the same sense ὑπέρ τινος: τὸν ὑμῶν ζ. ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ your ardor on my behalf 2 Cor 7:7. ἔχει … ζῆλον ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν Col 4:13 v.l. W. gen. of quality θεοῦ ζῆλος an ardor like that of God or divine ardor 2 Cor 11:2 (cp. Is 9:6; Philo, Post. Cai. 183; on the idea FKüchler, ZAW 28, 1908, 42ff; BRenaud, Je suis un Dieu jaloux, ’63). Of the fire of judgment which, with its blazing flames, appears like a living being intent on devouring God’s adversaries πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τ. ὑπεναντίους Hb 10:27 (cp. Is 26:11; Zeph 1:18; 3:8; Ps 78:5).

② intense negative feelings over another’s achievements or success, jealousy, envy (Hes., Op. 195; Lysias 2, 48 w. φθόνος; Plut., Thes. 6, 9, Lycurg. 41 [4, 3]; PGrenf I, 1, 13 [II B.C.]; Eccl 4:4; 9:6; Sir 30:24; 40:4 [both w. θυμός]; Test12Patr [exc. TestAsh 4:5]; AscIs 3:30; Jos., Ant. 14, 161; cp. Cicero, Tusc. Disp. 4, 8, 17) 1 Cl 3:2; 4:7ff; 5:2, 4f; 6:1ff; 43:2; 63:2. W. ἔρις Ro 13:13; 1 Cl 5:5; 6:4; cp. 1 Cor 3:3; 2 Cor 12:20; Gal 5:20 (in the three last passages ζῆλος seems to be coördinate with ἔρις in the sense ‘rivalry’ or ‘party-attachment’; cp. GrBar 8:5; 13:4). W. ἐριθεία Js 3:14, 16. W. φθόνος (Democr. Fgm. B191; Lysias 2, 48; Pla., Phlb. 47e; 50c; 1 Macc 8:16) 1 Cl 3:2; 4:7 al. πλησθῆναι ζήλου become filled w. jealousy Ac 5:17; 13:45. ζ. leads to death 1 Cl 9:1; 39:7 (Job 5:2). ζ. ἄδικον καὶ ἀσεβῆ 3:4; μυσερὸν ζ. 14:1; μιαρὸν κ. ἄδικον ζ. 45:4. ἔχειν ζῆλόν τινα ἐν ἀλλήλοις περί τινος be jealous of one another because of someth. Hs 8, 7, 4. The pl. ζῆλοι found as v.l. Ro 13:13 (s. beg. of this entry); 2 Cor 12:20; Gal 5:20 denotes the var. outbreaks of jealousy and the forms it takes (cp. Pla., Leg. 3, 679c ζῆλοί τε καὶ φθόνοι); ζήλη in vice list GrBar 8:5.—BReicke, Diakonie, Festfreude u. Zelos …, ’51, 231–393.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

περιτειχίζω 1 aor. περιετείχισα; pf. pass. περιτετείχισμαι (Thu., Aristoph. et al.; pap, LXX; Jos., Bell. 6, 323).

① to construct a solid wall around a place, surround with a wall, of a city περιτετειχισμένη κύκλῳ walled around Hs 9, 12, 5 (BGU 993 III, 1 [II B.C.] τόπος περιτετειχισμένος).

② to surround with someth. that envelopes, surround, fig. ext. of 1: τούτοις (i.e. ἀγγέλοις) περιτετείχισται ὁ κύριος Hs 9, 12, 6. Of the sea of flames coming fr. the pyre κύκλῳ περιετείχισε τὸ σῶμα τοῦ μάρτυρος completely surrounded the martyr’s body MPol 15:2 (w. κύκλῳ as Thu. 2, 78).—DELG s.v. τεῖχος.

πλήσσω impf. ἔπλησσον; fut. 3 sg. πλήξει 3 Km 14:14 Aq.; 1 aor. 3 sg. ἔπληξεν 1 Km 11, 11 v.l.; pf. ptc. πεπληγώς LXX. Pass.: fut. πληγήσομαι LXX; 2 aor. ἐπλήγην; pf. ptc. πεπληγμένος (3 Macc 2:22 v.l.; Just., D. 132, 2) (Hom.+) to strike with force, strike of flames of fire (Lucian, Jupp. Conf. 15 of lightning) τινὰ κατὰ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν (κατά A 1b) ApcPt 11, 26.—Of divinely-adminstered ‘blows’ or disasters that come to persons or things (Ex 9:31f; Ps 101:5; TestReub 1:7 ἔπληξέ με πληγῇ μεγάλῃ); pass. (Diod S 17, 117, 2 ὑπό τινος πληγῆς πεπληγμένος; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 206 D.: ἐκ θεοῦ πληγείς; EpArist 313 ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ; Tat. 16, 3 λόγῳ θεοῦ δυνάμεως πληττόμενοι) of heavenly bodies, which lose one third of their light as the result of a blow Rv 8:12.—DELG. M-M.

φλέγω fut. 3 sg. φλέξει LXX, pass. φλεγήσεται (Ps 88:47 Sym.) (Hom.+; ins; PSI 28, 12; PGM 4, 1732; LXX; TestSol 1:10; En; Philo, Op. M. 58; SibOr 3, 761) ‘burn’, pass. ‘be burned, burn’.

① to be in flames, burn (Alciphron 1, 2, 1; Aristobulus: Eus., PE 8, 10, 13ff [p. 220, 10ff Denis=p. 144, 96 Holladay]; Jos., Bell. 6, 272) of the mud in the nether world ApcPt 8:23.

② to experience an intense emotion, be on fire, fig. ext. of 1 (Chariton 8, 8, 7; Dio Chrys. 4, 52 φλεγόμενος ὑπὸ τ. φιλοτιμίας; Achilles Tat. 7, 3, 7; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 151; Anth. Pal. 16, 209 ὅλος φλέγομαι; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 224) ἐφλέγοντο ὑπὸ τῆς ὀργῆς they were inflamed with anger GPt 12:50.—B. 75. DELG.

ὀδυνάω (ὀδύνη) pass. fut. 3 sg. ὀδυνηθήσεται LXX; aor. 3 sg. ὠδυνήθη 4 Macc 18:9 ‘cause pain’, in our lit. only pass. ὀδυνάομαι 2 pers. ὀδυνᾶσαι (B-D-F §87; W-S. §13, 17; Mlt-H. 198; Helbing p. 61) ‘feel pain’ (Trag. et al.; Democr. 159; Pla.; Vett. Val. ind.; LXX; TestJob 24:4; TestIss 7:5; ParJer 7:31).

① to undergo physical torment, suffer pain (Aelian, NA 11, 32 p. 286, 28) περί τινος suffer pain for the sake of someone 1 Cl 16:4 (Is 53:4). Esp. of the tortures in Hades ὀδ. ἐν τῇ φλογί suffer torment in the flames Lk 16:24; cp. vs. 25.

② to experience mental and spiritual pain, be pained/ distressed (Dio Chrys. 66 [16], 1; Alciphron 3, 14, 2; Philo, De Jos. 94 ὀδυνώμενος; Jos., Bell. 6, 183 ὀδυνώμενον) ὀδυνώμενοι ζητοῦμέν σε we have been anxiously looking for you Lk 2:48 (two persons of different sex are referred to with a masc. modifier, as Epici p. 20, 3 K. [p. 42, 60 B.] Achilles and Helen with αὐτούς) ὀδυνώμενοι μάλιστα ἐπὶ τῷ λόγῳ they were especially pained at his saying Ac 20:38 (ὀδυνᾶσθαι ἐπί τινι as Philo, Conf. Lingu. 92).—DELG s.v. ὀδύνη. M-M s.v. ὀδυνάομαι. TW.