fascia

fīnio, īvī, ītum, īre (finis), I) tr. begrenzen, in Grenzen einschließen, durch Grenzen festsetzen, -bestimmen, A) eig.: imperium populi Rom. (v. Rhein), Caes.: signum animo, Liv.: lingua finita dentibus, Cic.: finire arenae circulum, einen Kr. im S. beschreiben, Vell. – B) übtr.: 1) einer Sache Grenzen setzen, sie einschränken, cupiditates, Cic.: censuram, Liv. – 2) festsetzen, bestimmen, a) übh.: tempus, Cic.: diem, decem vades, locum, Liv.: modum, Cic.: latitudinem silvae, Caes.: mors est omnibus finita, Cic.: modus finiendi, der Indikativ, Quint. – m. folg. ne u. Konj., potuisse finire senatus consulto, ne etc., Liv. 31, 48, 8: unpers., de pecunia finitur, ne etc., Liv. 40, 44, 10. – b) durch eine Erklärung bestimmen, erklären, causam, Quint. – c) als philos. t. t., definieren, Sen. u. Quint. – 3) endigen, ein Ende machen, beschließen, im Passiv auch = zu Ende gehen, ein Ende nehmen, enden, aufhören, erlöschen, a) im allg.: bellum, Caes. b. c. 3, 51, 3: sitim, Hor.: famem, Ov.: odium, Curt.: odium mittere et finire, Liv.: fin. aequo animo honores, niederlegen (Ggstz. libentissime inire), Vell.: censuram intra legitimum tempus, Liv.: alci vitam, Sen. rhet.: labores morte graves, Cic. poët.: finitur sudor, febris, tussis, Cels.: finita vicesimo anno bella civilia, Vell. – animam in aris, Ov.: vitam (auf natürlichem od. gewaltsamem Wege),

————

Sen. u. Tac.: vitam suspendio, Suet.: vitam laqueo, Sen. poët. u. Treb. Poll.: vitam laqueo fasciā composito, Aur. Vict.: vitam ferro, Suet., ense, Ov.: vitam veneno, Vulg.: vitam inediā, Plin. u. Plin. ep.: vitam immaturā morte, Vell., per vulnera, Ov.: vitam ex illo vulnere, Augustin. – Latinum (verbum), quod o et n litteris finiretur, non inveniebant, Quint. – Ggstz., quod finitur inceptum est, Lact. 2, 8, 43. – b) insbes.: α) jmd. endigen = dem Lebensende zuführen, Sen. ad Marc. 3, 3: u. so medial finiri absol., enden, sterben, Cic. poët., Sen. u.a.: morbo, Plin. ep. (vgl. Benecke Iustin. 27, 4, 12). – u. = erlöschen, finitā Iuliorum Claudiorumque domo, Tac. hist. 1, 16. – β) im Sprechen od. Schreiben beendigen, beschließen, omnia finierat, Ov.: nondum querelam finieram, Petron.: vix prece finitā, Ov.: cum (oratio) finita est, wenn er (der Vortrag) zu Ende ist, Quint.: sermone finito, Curt.: voto volumen finiendum sit, Vell. – γ) als rhet. t. t., innerhalb bestimmter Grenzen zu Perioden zusammenordnen, numerös od. periodisch abschließen, nec solum componentur verba ratione (mit Bewußtsein, mit Einsicht in das Wesen der Kunst), sed etiam finientur, Cic. or. 161: ut sententiae verbis finiantur, Cic. de or. 3, 191: u. so Partic. subst., apta et finita pronuntiare (Ggstz. infracta et amputata loqui), Cic. or. 170. – II) intr. enden, aufhören, a) im allg.: cum anceps pugna diei finisset occasu,

————

Amm. 24, 4, 20: Ggstz. puto illum pridie incipere, postero die finire, Petron. 92, 9. – b) insbes.: α) enden = sterben, sic Tiberius finivit octavo et septuagesimo aetatis anno, Tac. ann. 6, 50 extr. – β) im Sprechen od. Schreiben enden, schließen, seine Rede beschließen, finio, Plin. ep.: finieram, Mart.: finierat Telamone satus, Ov.: Ggstz., cum initium a tempestate sumpserunt, incendio aut ruinā finiunt, Quint. 8, 6, 50. – γ) periodisch abschließen, schließen, illi philosopho placet ordiri a superiore paeone, posteriore finire, Cic. de or. 3, 183.

laqueus, ī, m. (lacio), ein Strick als Schlinge, die Schlinge, bes. zum Erhängen od. Erdrosseln, I) eig.: te in laqueum induas, Plaut.: collum inserere in laqueum, Cic.: laqueo gulam frangere, Sall., od. premere, Hor.: se laqueo suspendere, Augustin.: elidere vitam laqueo, Amm.: finire vitam laqueo fasciā composito, Aur. Vict.: laqueo sibi manus afferre, Inscr.: laqueum nectere, Hor.: alqm ad laqueum compellere, Plin.: laqueum inicere, über einen werfen, Liv., laqueum inicere cervicibus, Suet.: laqueo captare feras, Verg.: alqm laqueo dependentem invenire, Liv.: poet., vipera sarmentis laqueos corporis inplicans, Prud. c. Symm. 1. praef. 24. – II) übtr.: a) der Fallstrick, die Schlinge, alci laqueos ponere od. disponere, Ov.: in laqueos cadere, Ov., od. incĭdere, Quint., induci, Quint.: in laqueos se induere, Cic. (s. Bünemann Lact. 6, 12, 13): oculus meretricis laqueus amatoris, Ambros. in psalm. 118. serm. 16. § 3. – laqueus verbi, Cic.: laquei interrogationum, legum, Cic.: laquei Stoicorum, trügerische Vernunftschlüsse, Cic. – b) hindernde Fessel, tibi ignoranti vel publica fortuna vel privata laqueum impegit, quem nec solvere possis nec abrumpere (Haase erumpere, Gertz rumpere), Sen. de tranqu. anim. 10, 1: numquamne hos artissimos laqueos, si solvere negatur, abrumpam? Plin. ep. 2, 8, 2. – ⇒ Nbf. laqueum, eī, n., Itala Osee 5, 1 bei

————

Lucif. Cal. de Athan. 1, 35. p. 128, 7 H.

pectorālis, e (pectus), zur Brust gehörig, Brust-, os, Cels.: cinctum, Apul.: tunicula, Amm.: fascia, Mart. u. Eccl. – subst., pectorālia, ium, n. (sc. tegumenta), der Brustharnisch, Panzer, Varro LL. u. Plin.

pedūlis, e (pes), zu den Füßen gehörig, Fuß-, fascia, das Socken- od. Strumpfband, Ulp. dig. 34, 2, 5. § 4. – subst., a) pedūle, is, n., das Fußwerk = Schuhwerk, Fronto de diff. (VII) 522, 29 K. – b) pedūlēs, ium, m., Gamaschen, Isid. regul. monach. 12: pedules novi, Schol. Iuven. 1, 111.

prae-ligo, āvī, ātum, āre, I) vorn anbinden, fasces virgarum atque aridi sarmenti cornibus boum, Liv. 22, 16, 7: cauda pecoris artissime praeligata, Plin. 29, 38. – II) etw. mit etw. umbinden, A) übh.: coronam auream candidā fasciā praeligatam, Suet. Caes. 79, 1: praeligata infra caput vipera, Plin. – B) insbes.: 1) zubinden, verbinden, a) eig.: os obvolutum est folliculo et praeligatum, Cic.: oculos, Spart.: vulnera, Plin.; vgl. Sillig Plin. 24, 179. – im Bilde, praeligatum pectus, ein verstocktes Herz, Plaut. Bacch. 136. – b) übtr., bedecken, verhüllen, capita vestibus, Petron. 102, 16. – 2) abbinden, dextro teste praeligato, Plin. 8, 188 u. 30, 148.

prasinus, a, um (πράσινος), I) lauchgrün, color, Plin.: pila, Petron.: viriditas, Cassiod.: fascia, Petron.: lapis, Ampel. – subst., prasinus, ī, m. (sc. lapis), ein lauchgrüner Stein, eine Art Quarz, Capit. Maxim. iun. 1, 8. Cypr. de iudic. 8. Cassiod. pan. ad regin. 2 ( hinter Symm. oratt. ed. Mai. Rom. 1846. p. 47). – II) prägn., zu den Lauchgrünen (den grünen Wettfahrern) gehörig, equus, Capit.: factio, die grüne Partei der Wettfahrenden, Suet. (vgl. factio a. E.): agitator, ein Wettfahrer von der grünen Partei, Suet. – subst., prasinus, ī, m., ein Wettfahrer der grünen Partei, Mart. 10, 48, 23 u.a.

somnio, āvi, ātum, āre (somnium), träumen, I) eig.: de alqo, Cic.: totas noctes, Cic.: neque ulla nox est, quā non gomniemus, Cic.: unpers., plurimum somniari circa ver et autumnum, Plin. – m. homogen. Acc., mirum somnium, Plaut.: hoc somnium, Iul. Val.: mi haud falsum evenit somnium, quod noctu hac somniavi, Plaut. – m. Acc. = von etwas, aurum. Plaut.: ovum, Cic.: id, quod somniarimus, evadere (eintreffen), Cic.: refert, eventura soleas an contraria somniare, Plin. ep.: m. Acc. u. Infin., ovum pendēre ex fascia lecti, Cic.: vim ei ab Appio illatam (esse), Suet. – II) übtr., wie träumen = etw. ohne Grund sich einbilden od. vermuten, faseln, somnias, Plaut.: vigilans somniat, Plaut.: portenta non disserentium philosophorum, sed somniantium, Cic. – m. Acc. = von usw., Troianum, Cic.: easdem ineptias, Colum.: latrones, Augustin. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., eam fore mihi occasionem, Plaut.: de psaltria me agere, Ter.: de leone se oppressum esse, Spart. – ⇒ Depon. Nbf., aedes non somniatur, Petron. 74, 14: vigilans somniabar, Apul. met. 3, 22: quiesce securus, bene somniare, ibid. 8, 12.

strophium, iī, n. (στρόφιον), was herumgewunden wird; dah. I) die Busenbinde, womit der allzuvolle Busen unterbunden und zusammengehalten wurde (rein lat. fascia pectoralis; vgl. Non. 538, 7), Catull., Cic. u.a. – II) der Kranz, Ps. Verg. cop. 32. – übtr., dactylicum strophium (= carmen), Prud. cath. 3, 29. – III) der gedrehte Strick, das Seil, Tau, ancorale, Ankertau, Apul. met. 11, 16.

ultrā (sc. parte, v. ulter), I) Adv.: A) Posit., ultrā, jenseits (Ggstz. citra), 1) eig.: cis Padum ultraque, Liv.: dextera nec citra mota nec ultra, weder nach dieser, noch nach jener Seite, weder rückwärts noch vorwärts, Ov. met. 5, 186. – 2) übtr., von dem, was jenseit einer gesteckten Grenze ist, geschieht, darüber-, weiter hinaus, a) im Raume: α) eig.: neque retro regrediendi neque ultra procedendi oblatā facultate, Auct. b. Afr.: ultra neque curae neque gaudio locum esse, weiter (über das Leben) hinaus, Sall. – β) bildl., weiterhin, weiter, ferner, estne aliquid ultra, quo progredi crudelitas possit? Cic.: verbis ut nihil possit ultra, Cic.: melius ultra quam citra stat oratio, sagt besser mehr als wenger, Quint.: nihil ultra requiratis, Cic.: nullum ultra periculum vererentur, Caes.: neque facturam ultra, sie wolle es nicht weiter (ferner) tun, Tac.: quid ultra (mehr) fieri potuit? – m. folg. quam, ultra enim quo progrediar, quam ut veri videam similia, non habeo, Cic.: ultra quam satis est (weiter, als nötig ist) producitur, Cic.: u. so ultra quam satis est virtutem si petat ipsam, Hor.: remotum est, quod ultra quam satis est repetitur, Cic.: nihil ultra motum, quam ut etc., Liv.: ultra quam aestimari potest laudis avidus, Aur. Vict. – b) in der Zeit, weiter hinaus, weiterhin, usque ad Accium et ultra, Quint.: nec ultra bellum dilatum est, Liv.: neque

————

ultra fascia adhibenda est, Cels. – B) Compar., ulterius, übtr., weiter, weiterhin, a) eig.: ulterius abit, Ov.: amnis progressus ulterius arenis bibitur et receptatur, Itin. Alex. – b) bildl.: ulterius ne tende odiis, Verg.: non tulit ulterius, weiter, länger, Ov.: saevire, Val. Max.: rogabat ulterius iusto, weiter, mehr, als recht ist, Ov. – II) Praep. mit Acc.: 1) vom Raume, jenseit, über... hinaus (Ggstz. citra), quia pars eius citra, pars ultra Taurum est, Liv.: ultra Silianam villam, Cic.: ultra locum, Caes.: ultra quinquagesimum lapidem (Ggstz. citra qu. lap.), Liv.: ultra terminum vagari, Hor. – 2) übtr.: a) der Zeit nach, über... hinaus, über, ultra septimum diem, Cels.: ultra tempus inflammationis, Cels.: ultra extremum diem, Sen.: ultra biennium, Tac.: ultra rudes annos, Ouint.: ultra Socratem, Quint. – b) der Zahl od. dem Maße nach, über... hinaus, mehr als, modum, quem ultra progredi non oportet, Cic.: ultra modum, Quint.: ultra vires, Verg.: ultra eum numerum, Auct. b. Alex.: ultra praescriptum, über das Gesetz hinaus, mehr, als das Gesetz erlaubt, Suet.: ultra opiniones omnium, Iul. Val.: laboris ultra fidem (unglaublich) patiens, Suet. – ⇒ ultra zuw. seinem Kasus nachgesetzt, quem ultra, Cic.: Euphratem ultra, Tac.

* * *

fascis, is, m. [cf. phakelos, fascia, but v fido], a bundle of wood, twigs, straw, reeds, etc.

A fagot, fascine; a packet, parcel.

In gen. (rare):

fasces stramentorum ac virgultorum,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6:

lignorum,

Tac. A. 13, 35:

magno comites in fasce libelli,

Juv. 7, 107:

tot crimina, tot reos uno velut fasce complecti,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9.— Trop., of a crowd of people, Vulg. Isa. 24, 22.—

A burden, load:

Romanus in armis Injusto sub fasce viam cum carpit,

i. e. soldiers' baggage, Verg. G. 3, 347; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 26 Spald.:

(apes) saepe ultro animam sub fasce dedēre,

under the burden, Verg. G. 4, 204:

ego hoc te fasce levabo,

id. E. 9, 65:

venales humero fasces portare,

id. M. 80.—

In partic., in plur. fasces, a bundle carried before the highest magistrates, and consisting of rods and an axe, with which [p. 727] criminals were scourged and beheaded.

Prop.:

lictores duo, duo viminei fasces virgarum,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 26:

ut sibi (Tullo Hostilio) duodecim lictores cum fascibus anteire liceret, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 17:

anteibant lictores cum fascibus duobus,

id. Agr. 2, 34, 93:

fasces praetoribus praeferuntur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 9, § 22:

Publicola statim secures de fascibus demi jussit,

id. Rep. 2, 31: tum demissi populo fasces, lowered (as a mark of respect) before the people, id. ib. 1, 40, 62; cf.:

P. Valerius fasces primus demitti jussit,

id. ib. 2, 31;

for which: (P. Valerius) summissis fascibus in contionem escendit,

Liv. 2, 7, 7; cf.

under B.: paulo ante dimissi fasces,

surrendered, Plin. Pan. 61, 7:

praecedebant incompta signa, versi fasces, at the funeral of Germanicus,

Tac. A. 3, 2 init.:

neque in litteris, neque in fascibus insignia laureae praetulit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 71, 3; cf.:

visus C. Marius cum fascibus laureatis,

Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59; so,

laureati,

id. Att. 8, 3, 5:

imperatorii,

Tac. A. 13, 9.—

Meton., a high office, esp. the consulship ( poet.):

qui petere a populo fasces saevasque secures Imbibit,

Lucr. 3, 1009:

illum non populi fasces, non purpura regum Flexit,

Verg. G. 2, 495:

ut si Detulerit fasces indigno, detrahet idem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 34; id. S. 1, 6, 97:

et titulis et fascibus olim Major habebatur donandi gloria,

Juv. 5, 110; Sil. 11, 152.—Of royalty:

diadema Quirini Et fasces meruit,

Juv. 8, 260.—

Trop., to give place, to acknowledge one's inferiority:

cum tibi aetas nostra jam cederet fascesque summitteret,

Cic. Brut. 6, 22.

fīdo, fīsus sum (ante-class. form of the fut. fidebo, Nov. ap. Non. 509, 4), 3, v. n. [root in Sanscr. bandh, unite; Gr. peithô, persuade, peisma, cable; Lat. fidus, Deus Fidius, foedus; cf.: fascis, fascia; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 262; but Fick refers fido to root bhidh; Goth. beidan; Engl. bide, to expect; Vergl. Wört. p. 380], to trust, confide, put confidence in, rely upon a person or thing (rare; in the verb. finit. mostly poet.; but class. in the part. praes. and P. a.).

With dat.:

fidere nocti,

Verg. A. 9, 378:

fugae fidens,

id. ib. 11, 351:

pestilentiae fidens (with societate fretus),

Liv. 8, 22, 7:

taedae non bene fisa,

Ov. M. 15, 827:

qui sibi fidit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 22; id. S. 2, 2, 108:

puer bene sibi fidens,

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4.—

With abl.: hac (Cynosurā) fidunt duce nocturnā Phoenices in alto, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 41, 106; id. Ac. 2, 20, 66:

arcu fisi Getae,

Ov. P. 4, 9, 78:

cursu,

id. M. 7, 545:

ope equinā,

id. ib. 9, 125:

pecuniā,

Nep. Lys. 3 fin.:

prudentiā consilioque fidens,

Cic. Off. 1, 23, 81.—Doubtful, whether dat. or abl. (v. Zumpt, Gr. § 413; cf.

confido): nec nitido fidit adultero,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 20:

pictis puppibus,

id. ib. 1, 14, 15:

(Jugurtham) Mario parum fidere,

Sall. J. 112, 2:

ingenio,

Quint. 10, 7, 18; cf.:

ingenio suo,

Plin. Ep. 4, 13 fin.:

suis rebus,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2.—

With inf.:

fidis enim manare poëtica mella Te solum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44; Sil. 1, 432:

parum fidens pedibus contingere matrem,

Luc. 4, 615:

fisus cuncta sibi cessura pericula, Caesar,

id. 5, 577.—

Absol.: ubi fidentem fraudaveris, i. e. who trusts (you), Plaut. As. 3, 2, 15.—Hence, fīdens, entis, P.a. (lit., trusting to one's self, self-confident; hence), confident, courageous, bold:

qui fortis est, idem est fidens, qui autem est fidens, is profecto non extimescit: discrepat enim a timendo confidere,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 7, 14:

fidenti animo gradietur ad mortem,

id. ib. 1, 46, 110; cf.:

tum Calchas haec est fidenti voce locutus, id. poët. Div. 2, 30, 64: fidens animi,

Verg. A. 2, 61; Tac. A. 4, 59 fin.; so,

fidens armorum,

Luc. 9, 373.— Comp.:

Romanus, fidentior,

Amm. 16, 12 al. — Sup.: fidentissimo [p. 748] impetu acies motae, Amm. 27, 10, 12.— Adv.: fīdenter, confidently, fearlessly, boldly:

timide fortasse signifer evellebat, quod fidenter infixerat,

Cic. Div. 2, 31, 67:

agere,

id. Ac. 2, 8, 24:

confirmare,

id. de Or. 1, 56, 240; cf. id. N. D. 1, 8, 18.— Comp.:

paulo vellem fidentius te illi respondisse,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 21.— Sup.:

accedere fidentissime,

Amm. 17, 1, 9; August. Ver. Rel. 3.

lătesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [lateo], to hide one's self, lie hid, be concealed:

hic Equus a capite et longa cervice latescit,

Cic. Arat. 385.

lātesco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [2. latus], to grow broad, to widen (not ante-Aug.):

napi non in ventrem latescunt,

Col. 2, 10, 24:

ossa paulatim latescentia,

Cels. 8, 1:

bis sex latescit fascia partes,

Manil. 1, 680.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

lĭgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [Gr. root lugin lugos, lugoô], to tie, bind, bind together, [p. 1065] bind up, bandage, bind fast, etc. (syn.: vincio, destino; perh. only poet. and post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

manus post terga ligatae,

Ov. M. 3, 575:

ligare et vincire crura et manus,

Gell. 12, 3, 1:

crus fasciā,

Phaedr. 5, 7, 36:

laqueo guttura,

to tie up, Ov. M. 6, 134:

vulnera veste,

to bind up, bandage, id. ib. 7, 849:

dum mula ligatur,

is harnessed, Hor. S. 1, 5, 13:

funem litoribus,

Luc. 8, 61:

sudarium circum collum,

to bind around, Suet. Ner. 51:

pisces in glacie ligatos,

i. e. frozen fast, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 49:

nimbi ligati,

i. e. ice, Petr. 123.—

Transf., to wind round, to surround:

balteus loricam ligat,

Val. Fl. 4, 94:

digitosque ligat junctura,

Ov. M. 2, 375; Sil. 7, 589.—

To fix or fasten in:

igne cremato lapide caementa in tectis ligantur,

Plin. 36, 27, 68, § 200.—

Trop., to bind up, bind together, unite:

dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit,

Ov. M. 1, 25:

vinclo propiore cum aliquo ligari,

id. ib. 9, 548:

laqueo colla,

id. P. 1, 6, 39.—

To ratify, confirm:

pacta,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 82:

conjugia artibus magicis,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 452: argumenta in catenas, * Quint. 5, 14, 32.—Hence, P. a.: lĭgātus, a, um, connected with, adjoining:

Tartari ripis ligatos squalidae mortis specus,

Sen. Med. 742.

lĭgo, ōnis, m., a mattock, grub-axe, hoe.

Lit.:

longis purgare ligonibus arva,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 59:

ligonibus duris humum Exhaurire,

Hor. Epod. 5, 30:

ligonibus Versare glebas,

id. C. 3, 6, 38; Ov. Am. 3, 10, 31:

centeno ligone domare arva,

Mart. 4, 64, 32:

fractus, so called from the bent form of the iron, Col. poët. 10, 88: erectum domito referens a monte ligonem,

Juv. 11, 89.—

Poet.:

defluit aetas Et pelagi patiens et cassidis atque ligonis,

i. e. tillage, agriculture, Juv. 7, 33.

lĭgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [Gr. root lugin lugos, lugoô], to tie, bind, bind together, [p. 1065] bind up, bandage, bind fast, etc. (syn.: vincio, destino; perh. only poet. and post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

manus post terga ligatae,

Ov. M. 3, 575:

ligare et vincire crura et manus,

Gell. 12, 3, 1:

crus fasciā,

Phaedr. 5, 7, 36:

laqueo guttura,

to tie up, Ov. M. 6, 134:

vulnera veste,

to bind up, bandage, id. ib. 7, 849:

dum mula ligatur,

is harnessed, Hor. S. 1, 5, 13:

funem litoribus,

Luc. 8, 61:

sudarium circum collum,

to bind around, Suet. Ner. 51:

pisces in glacie ligatos,

i. e. frozen fast, Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 49:

nimbi ligati,

i. e. ice, Petr. 123.—

Transf., to wind round, to surround:

balteus loricam ligat,

Val. Fl. 4, 94:

digitosque ligat junctura,

Ov. M. 2, 375; Sil. 7, 589.—

To fix or fasten in:

igne cremato lapide caementa in tectis ligantur,

Plin. 36, 27, 68, § 200.—

Trop., to bind up, bind together, unite:

dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit,

Ov. M. 1, 25:

vinclo propiore cum aliquo ligari,

id. ib. 9, 548:

laqueo colla,

id. P. 1, 6, 39.—

To ratify, confirm:

pacta,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 82:

conjugia artibus magicis,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 452: argumenta in catenas, * Quint. 5, 14, 32.—Hence, P. a.: lĭgātus, a, um, connected with, adjoining:

Tartari ripis ligatos squalidae mortis specus,

Sen. Med. 742.

lĭgo, ōnis, m., a mattock, grub-axe, hoe.

Lit.:

longis purgare ligonibus arva,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 59:

ligonibus duris humum Exhaurire,

Hor. Epod. 5, 30:

ligonibus Versare glebas,

id. C. 3, 6, 38; Ov. Am. 3, 10, 31:

centeno ligone domare arva,

Mart. 4, 64, 32:

fractus, so called from the bent form of the iron, Col. poët. 10, 88: erectum domito referens a monte ligonem,

Juv. 11, 89.—

Poet.:

defluit aetas Et pelagi patiens et cassidis atque ligonis,

i. e. tillage, agriculture, Juv. 7, 33.

pectŏrālis, e, adj. [pectus], of or belonging to the breast, breast-, pectoral:

pectorale os,

the breast-bone, Cels. 8, 1:

tunicula,

Amm. 14, 9, 7:

cinctum,

App. M. 11, p. 261, 36:

fascia,

Vulg. Isa. 3, 24 (Hier. in loc., Vulg. Jer. 2, 32).—Hence,

Subst.: pectŏrāle, is, n., a breast-plate, Varr. L. L. 5, § 115 Müll.; Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 43.

pectŏrālis, e, adj. [pectus], of or belonging to the breast, breast-, pectoral:

pectorale os,

the breast-bone, Cels. 8, 1:

tunicula,

Amm. 14, 9, 7:

cinctum,

App. M. 11, p. 261, 36:

fascia,

Vulg. Isa. 3, 24 (Hier. in loc., Vulg. Jer. 2, 32).—Hence,

Subst.: pectŏrāle, is, n., a breast-plate, Varr. L. L. 5, § 115 Müll.; Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 43.