-
21 fraudo
fraudo (arch. frūdo), āvi, ātum, 1 (archaic perf. subj.:(α).fraudassis,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 58; in the dep. form:fraussus sit,
id. As. 2, 2, 20; cf.: frausus erit, fraudem commiserit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 91 Müll.), v. a. [fraus], to cheat, beguile, defraud one of any thing (class.; syn.: fallo, frustror, circumvenio; inesco, deludo, decipio, etc.).Aliquem aliqua re:(β).cum Caecilius a Vario magnā pecuniā fraudaretur,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; cf.:grano uno fraudare decumanum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 8, § 20:milites praedā,
Liv. 2, 42, 1:milites stipendio,
Just. 6, 2:aurigarios mercede,
Suet. Ner. 5:multos minutis mutuationibus,
Cic. Fl. 20, 47:quos equidem non fraudaverim debitā laude,
Quint. 2, 14, 1:nationes suā gloriā,
Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 62:aliquem triumpho,
Suet. Calig. 48:legentes judicio maximi auctoris,
Quint. 9, 1, 25:pueros somno (Aurora),
Ov. Am. 1, 13, 17:amantem spe,
id. M. 14, 715:superos ture,
Phaedr. 4, 20, 19:artus seniles animā,
Ov. M. 7, 250:(animus) mutila sentit quaedam et quasi decurtata: quibus, tamquam debito fraudetur, offenditur,
Cic. Or. 53, 178:nec fraudare suo veteri nomine,
id. Fin. 5, 30, 91 (v. Madvig ad h. 1.):verba aliqua sui parte,
Quint. 11, 3, 52:nomina origine,
Ov. M. 7, 654:praeclarum factum memoriā,
Vell. 2, 92:bellum sanguine,
Luc. 2, 305:fraudans se ipse victu suo,
Liv. 2, 10 fin.; 5, 47, 10.—Simply aliquem:(γ).quod ille unciatim vix de demenso suo, suum defraudans genium, compersit miser,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 10:quis sit, qui socium fraudarit et fefellerit, consideremus,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 17: VTI NE PROPTER TE FIDEMVE TVAM CAPTVS FRAVDATVSVE SIEM, an old legal formula in Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:fidentem,
Plaut. As. 3, 2, 15:quempiam,
Cic. Caecin. 3, 7:creditores,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:aliquem in hereditaria societate,
id. Quint. 24, 76:lucernas (sc. oleo),
to deprive of, Hor. S. 1, 6, 124:ipso jure rescindi quod fraudandae legis gratia esset ascriptum,
i. e. to violate, Dig. 35, 1, 64.—With a homogeneous object:II.metuo in commune, ne quam fraudem frausus siet,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20.—Transf., to embezzle a thing from a person, to purloin, steal; to withdraw, to diminish (perh. not in Cic.):hi stipendium equitum fraudabant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 59, 3: cf.of the same: fraudata restituere,
id. ib. 3, 60 fin.:annonam publicam,
Dig. 48, 12, 1:vectigal,
Papin. ib. 39, 4, 8:quod ego frudavi,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 11 Ritschl N. cr. (but not in id. Rud. 5, 2, 58, where the correct read. is defraudassis):bellum adversus Turnum propter fraudatas Laviniae nuptias fuit,
withdrawn, not granted, Just. 43, 1:sic gignitur laudatus ille pallor, saturitate fraudatā,
diminished, weakened, Plin. 9, 39, 64, § 138. -
22 frudo
fraudo (arch. frūdo), āvi, ātum, 1 (archaic perf. subj.:(α).fraudassis,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 58; in the dep. form:fraussus sit,
id. As. 2, 2, 20; cf.: frausus erit, fraudem commiserit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 91 Müll.), v. a. [fraus], to cheat, beguile, defraud one of any thing (class.; syn.: fallo, frustror, circumvenio; inesco, deludo, decipio, etc.).Aliquem aliqua re:(β).cum Caecilius a Vario magnā pecuniā fraudaretur,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; cf.:grano uno fraudare decumanum,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 8, § 20:milites praedā,
Liv. 2, 42, 1:milites stipendio,
Just. 6, 2:aurigarios mercede,
Suet. Ner. 5:multos minutis mutuationibus,
Cic. Fl. 20, 47:quos equidem non fraudaverim debitā laude,
Quint. 2, 14, 1:nationes suā gloriā,
Plin. 32, 6, 21, § 62:aliquem triumpho,
Suet. Calig. 48:legentes judicio maximi auctoris,
Quint. 9, 1, 25:pueros somno (Aurora),
Ov. Am. 1, 13, 17:amantem spe,
id. M. 14, 715:superos ture,
Phaedr. 4, 20, 19:artus seniles animā,
Ov. M. 7, 250:(animus) mutila sentit quaedam et quasi decurtata: quibus, tamquam debito fraudetur, offenditur,
Cic. Or. 53, 178:nec fraudare suo veteri nomine,
id. Fin. 5, 30, 91 (v. Madvig ad h. 1.):verba aliqua sui parte,
Quint. 11, 3, 52:nomina origine,
Ov. M. 7, 654:praeclarum factum memoriā,
Vell. 2, 92:bellum sanguine,
Luc. 2, 305:fraudans se ipse victu suo,
Liv. 2, 10 fin.; 5, 47, 10.—Simply aliquem:(γ).quod ille unciatim vix de demenso suo, suum defraudans genium, compersit miser,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 10:quis sit, qui socium fraudarit et fefellerit, consideremus,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 17: VTI NE PROPTER TE FIDEMVE TVAM CAPTVS FRAVDATVSVE SIEM, an old legal formula in Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:fidentem,
Plaut. As. 3, 2, 15:quempiam,
Cic. Caecin. 3, 7:creditores,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:aliquem in hereditaria societate,
id. Quint. 24, 76:lucernas (sc. oleo),
to deprive of, Hor. S. 1, 6, 124:ipso jure rescindi quod fraudandae legis gratia esset ascriptum,
i. e. to violate, Dig. 35, 1, 64.—With a homogeneous object:II.metuo in commune, ne quam fraudem frausus siet,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20.—Transf., to embezzle a thing from a person, to purloin, steal; to withdraw, to diminish (perh. not in Cic.):hi stipendium equitum fraudabant,
Caes. B. C. 3, 59, 3: cf.of the same: fraudata restituere,
id. ib. 3, 60 fin.:annonam publicam,
Dig. 48, 12, 1:vectigal,
Papin. ib. 39, 4, 8:quod ego frudavi,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 11 Ritschl N. cr. (but not in id. Rud. 5, 2, 58, where the correct read. is defraudassis):bellum adversus Turnum propter fraudatas Laviniae nuptias fuit,
withdrawn, not granted, Just. 43, 1:sic gignitur laudatus ille pallor, saturitate fraudatā,
diminished, weakened, Plin. 9, 39, 64, § 138. -
23 frustror
frustror, ātus, 1, v. dep.; also: fru-stro, āre, 1, v. a. [frustra], to deceive, disappoint, trick, frustrate (syn.: decipio, deludo, fraudo, fallo, etc.).I.Lit. (class.).(α).In the dep. form:(β).nescio quis praestigiator hanc frustratur mulierem,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 200:aut certare cum aliis pugnaciter aut frustrari cum alios, tum etiam me ipsum velim,
Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 65:ne frustretur ipse se,
Ter. Eun. prol. 14:se ipsum,
Nep. Hann. 2, 6: o bone, ne te Frustrere;insanis et tu,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 32:Tarquinios spe auxilii,
Liv. 2, 15, 5:Cloelia frustrata custodes,
id. 2, 13, 6:saepe jam me spes frustrata est,
Ter. And. 2, 2, 37; Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 1; cf.:sat adhuc tua nos frustrata est fides,
Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 11:exspectationem frustrari et differre,
Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 2:improbas spes hominum,
id. ib. 8, 18, 3:spem mercantium (opp. explere),
Suet. Aug. 75:frustratus vincula,
i. e. escaped from them, Sol. 1.— Poet.:o numquam frustrata vocatus hasta meos,
hast never deceived me invoking thee, Verg. A. 12, 95; cf. Stat. S. 1, 2, 62: inceptus clamor frustratur hiantes, deceives, i. e. dies away from their lips, Verg. A. 6, 493.— Absol.:Cocceius vide ne frustretur,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3; Lucr. 4, 571.—In the act. form:II.non frustrabo vos, milites, Caes. Fragm. ap. Diomed. p. 395 P.: atque i se quom frustrant, frustrari alios stolidi existumant,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 19; Liv. 7, 38, 9; cf.: qui ventrem frustrarunt suum, Pompon. ap. Non. 473, 18:frustrantia dona,
fruitless, bootless, Prud. Apoth. 640. — Pass.: frustramur, irridemur, Laber. ap. Prisc. p. 793 P.: ignavissimi quique tenuissima spe frustrantur, Sall. Or. Licin. med.; so,frustratus spe continuandi consulatus,
Vell. 2, 21, 2; for which: frustratus a spe, Fenest. ap. Prisc. p. 793 P.:variis dilationibus frustratus,
Just. 8, 3, 9.—With gen.:captionis versutae et excogitatae frustratus,
Gell. 5, 10, 16.—Transf., to make vain, of no effect, or useless (post-Aug. and very rare):imprudenter facta opera frustrantur impensas,
Col. 1, 1, 2; cf.laborem, id. praef. § 22: in se implicati arborum rami lento vimine frustrabantur ictus,
Curt. 6, 5, 8. -
24 fungus
fungus, i, m. [for sfungus, kindred to sphongos, spongos, the initial s suppressed as in fallo, fides, nurus, etc.; cf. funis, and v. the letter S.], a mushroom, moril, fungus.I.Lit.:II.satis esse nobis non magis hoc potis est quam imber fungo,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 33; Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 96; Hor. S. 2, 4, 20.—Transf.A.A soft-pated fellow, a dolt:B.stulti, stolidi, fatui, fungi, bardi, blenni, buccones,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 2; so id. ib. 2, 3, 49; 4, 7, 23.—A fungous excrescence on the human body, Tert. Spect. 23; cf.:C.fungo simile ulcus,
Cels. 6, 18, 11.—On the olive-tree, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 223.— -
25 impono
impōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3 (arch. forms of the perf. imposivit, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 27:I.imposisse,
id. Most. 2, 2, 4; sync. form of the part. perf. impostus, a, um, Lucr. 5, 543; Verg. A. 9, 716; Val. Fl. 4, 186; Prop. 5, 2, 29; Stat. Th. 1, 227 al.), v. a. [in-pono], to place, put, set, or lay into, upon or in a place (very freq. and class.); constr. usu. with aliquid in aliquam rem or alicui rei; rarely in aliqua re or absol.Lit.A.In gen.: pedem in undam. Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 4:B.hunc in collum,
id. Pers. 4, 6, 10:aliquem in rogum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; cf.:in ignem imposita'st: fletur,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 102:omnem aciem suam redis et carris circumdederunt: eo mulieres imposuerunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 51 fin.:milites eo (i. e. in equos),
id. ib. 1, 42, 5:aliquid in foco Lari,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 16:coronam auream litteris,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76; cf.:collegae diadema,
id. Phil. 5, 12:operi incohato fastigium,
id. Off. 3, 7, 33:pondera nobis,
Lucr. 5, 543:serta delubris et farra cultris,
Juv. 12, 84:clitellas bovi,
Cic. Att. 5, 15, 3:juvenes rogis,
Verg. G. 4, 477:artus mensis,
Ov. M. 1, 230:aliquid mensis,
id. F. 2, 473: natum axi (i. e. in currum). Stat. Th. 6, 321:frontibus ancillarum vittas,
Juv. 12, 118:ali quem mannis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 77:aliquem jumento,
Gell. 20, 1, 11:Pelion Olympo,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 52:arces montibus impositae,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 253; cf. id. C. 4, 14, 12:impositum saxis Anxur,
id. S. 1, 5, 26:celeri raptos per inania vento Imposuit caelo,
placed them in the heavens, Ov. M. 2, 507:(Romulum) ablatum terris caelo,
id. ib. 14, 811:hoc metuens molemque et montes insuper altos Imposuit,
Verg. A. 1, 62; cf.:pedem super cervicem jacentis,
Curt. 9, 7 fin.:haec super imposuit liquidum aethera,
Ov. M. 1, 67:ei jus est in infinito supra suum aedificium imponere,
to build, Dig. 8, 2, 24:pontibus praesidiisque impositis,
Tac. A. 2, 11:pons lapideus flumini impositus,
Curt. 5, 1, 29:quidvis oneris impone, impera,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 26; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 29:nec peredit Impositam celer ignis Aetnam,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 76:diadema imposuit,
Quint. 9, 3, 61:pars togae, quae postea imponitur,
id. 11, 3, 140. —In partic.1.Naut. t. t., to put on board ship, to embark; with in and acc.:2.quicquid domi fuit in navem imposivit,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 27: in quas (naves) exercitus ejus imponi posset, Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 1:legiones equitesque Brundisii in naves,
Caes. B. C. 3, 14, 1:aeris magno pondere in naves imposito,
id. ib. 3, 103, 1.—With dat.:et nos in aeternum Exsilium impositura cymbae,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 28:ut semel imposita est pictae Philomela carinae,
Ov. M. 6, 511.—With adv.:deprehensis navibus circiter quinquaginta atque eo militibus inpositis,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58, 4:scaphas contexit, eoque milites imposuit,
id. B. C. 3, 24, 1. — With abl.: vetustissima nave impositi, Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 66. — Absol.:ipsi expediti naves conscenderent, quo major numerus militum posset imponi,
Caes. B. C. 3, 6, 1:cum Crassus exercitum Brundisii imponeret,
Cic. Div. 2, 40, 84:signa nostra velim imponas,
id. Att. 1, 10, 3:per istos quae volebat clam imponenda curabat,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—Med. t. t., to apply a remedy externally:3.alium imponitur in vulnera,
Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 50:porrum vulneribus,
id. 20, 6, 21, § 47:raphanos super umbilicum contra tormenta vulvae,
id. 20, 4, 13, § 27:imponuntur et per se folia,
id. 23, 7, 71, § 138.—Of animals, to put the male to the female:II.asinum equae,
Col. 6, 36, 4; 7, 2, 5.—In mal. part., Juv. 6, 334.Trop.A.In gen., to put or lay upon, to impose; to throw or inflict upon; to put, set, or give to:B.culpam omnem in med inponito,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 54: cujus amicitia me paulatim in hanc perditam causam imposuit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 17, 1:ne magnum onus observantiae Bruto nostro imponerem,
Cic. Att, 13, 11, 1:onus alicui,
id. Fam. 6, 7, 6; 13, 56, 1; id. Rep. 1, 23; cf.:plus militi laboris,
id. Mur. 18, 38:graviores labores sibi,
Caes. B. C. 3, 74, 2:illi illud negotium,
Cic. Sest. 28, 60:vos mihi personam hanc imposuistis, ut, etc.,
id. Agr. 2, 18, 49; cf. Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 10, 2:si mihi imposuisset aliquid,
Cic. Att. 15, 26, 4:ego mihi necessitatem volui imponere hujus novae conjunctionis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 2; cf. id. Sull. 12, 35:mihi impone istam vim, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 138:rei publicae vulnera,
id. Fin. 2, 24, 66; so,vulnus rei publicae,
id. Att. 1, 16, 7:plagam mortiferam rei publicae,
id. Sest. 19, 44:quibus injurias plurimas contumeliasque imposuisti,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:injuriam sine ignominia alicui,
id. Quint. 31, 96; cf. id. Rep. 1, 3:servitus fundo illi imposita,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 3:servitutem civibus,
Sall. Or. ad Caes. 2:belli invidiam consuli,
id. C. 43, 1:leges civitati per vim imposuit,
Cic. Phil. 7, 5, 15:leges alicui,
id. ib. 12, 1, 2; id. Rep. 1, 34; cf.:saevas imponite leges, ut, etc.,
Juv. 7, 229:nimis duras leges huic aetati,
Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 256:huic praedae ac direptioni cellae nomen imponis,
assign, give, id. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 197:nomen alicui,
Liv. 35, 47, 5; Quint. 8, 3, 7; Tac. A. 4, 34; 14, 39 et saep.; cf.:imponens cognata vocabula rebus,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 280:finem imponere volumini,
Quint. 9, 4, 146:finem spei,
Liv. 5, 4, 10:clausulam disputationi,
Col. 3, 19, 3; cf.: quasi perfectis summam eloquentiae manum imponerent, gave the last touch to, Quint. prooem. §4: summam manum operi,
Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 16; Sen. Ep. 12, 4; Vell. 2, 33, 1; 2, 87, 1; Gell. 17, 10, 5; Quint. 1 prooem. 4:extremam manum bello,
Verg. A. 7, 573:manum supremam bellis,
Ov. R. Am. 114:modum alicui,
Liv. 4, 24, 7:modum dolori,
Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 16:modum divortiis,
Suet. Aug. 34.—Prov.:imponit finem sapiens et rebus honestis,
Juv. 6, 444 (453).—In partic.1.To set over, as overseer, commander, etc.:2.si emimus, quem vilicum imponeremus, quem pecori praeficeremus,
Cic. Planc. 25, 62:consul est impositus is nobis, quem, etc.,
id. Att. 1, 18, 3:Lacedaemonii devictis Atheniensibus triginta viros imposuere,
Sall. C. 51, 28:Macedoniae regem,
Liv. 40, 12, 15; cf.:Masinissam in Syphacis regnum,
id. 37, 25, 9:Cappadociae consularem rectorem,
Suet. Vesp. 8:quid si domini milites imperatoribus imponantur?
Liv. 45, 36, 8:itaque imposuistis cervicibus nostris sempiternum dominum (deum),
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 54 (al. in cervicibus).—To lay or impose upon, as a burden, tax, etc.: omnibus agris publicis pergrande vectigal. Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 10:3.vectigal fructibus,
id. Font. 5, 10:stipendium victis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 5:tributa genti,
Suet. Dom. 12; so, tributi aliquid alicui, id. Calig. 40; cf.:tributum in capita singula,
Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 1:frumentum,
Cic. Att. 15, 10:nulla onera nova,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 49 fin. —Alicui, to impose upon, deceive, cheat, trick (= frustror, fallo, fraudo, circumvenio):Catoni egregie imposuit Milo noster,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5:si mihi imposuisset aliquid,
id. Att. 15, 26, 4: populo imposuimus et oratores visi sumus, id. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 20 and 55:praefectis Antigoni imposuit,
Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 3:facile est barbato inponere regi,
Juv. 4, 103:falluntur quibus luxuria specie liberalitatis imponit,
Tac. H. 1, 30.— Pass. impers.:utcumque imponi vel dormienti posset,
Petr. 102. -
26 infallibiliter
in-fallĭbĭlĭter, adv. [2. in-fallo], infallibly (late Lat.), Aug. Praedest. Sanct. 15, 2. -
27 refello
rĕ-fello, felli, 3, v. a. [fallo, qs. falsum redarguere; cf.:si id falsum fuerat, filius Cur non refellit?
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 54 ], to show to be false; to disprove, rebut, confute, refute, repel (class.;syn.: refuto, redarguo): nosque ipsos redargui refellique patiamur,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5: tu me geômetrikôs refelleras, id. Att. 12, 5, 3:in quo licet mihi fingere, si quid velim, nullius memoriā jam me refellente,
id. de Or. 2, 2, 9; id. Ac. 2, 6, 15:testem,
Quint. 5, 7, 9; 5, 13, 3; 12, 8, 14; Suet. Aug. 56 al.;opp. confirmare,
Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90; so Quint. 3, 9, 6; 5, 2, 2; 5, 7, 36;12, 1, 45: refellere et redarguere nostrum mendacium,
Cic. Lig. 5, 16:sensus,
Lucr. 4, 479:dicta,
Verg. A. 4, 380; 12, 644:opprobria,
Ov. M. 1, 759:ea magis exemplis quam argumentis,
Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 88; 1, 20, 90:praedicta re et eventis,
id. Div. 2, 47, 99:orationem vitā,
id. Fin. 2, 25, 81:quae dicta sunt,
id. ib. 4, 28, 80:crimen ferro,
Verg. A. 12, 16. -
28 S
S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.I.The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);II.in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,
Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);III.and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,
Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—IV.As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—V.S is interchanged,A.Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—B.With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—C.With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—D.With x; v. that letter.—VI.S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —VII.As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc. -
29 s
S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.I.The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);II.in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,
Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);III.and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,
Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—IV.As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—V.S is interchanged,A.Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—B.With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—C.With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—D.With x; v. that letter.—VI.S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —VII.As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.
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См. также в других словарях:
Fallo — Administration Pays Italie Région … Wikipédia en Français
fallo (1) — {{hw}}{{fallo (1)}{{/hw}}s. m. 1 Errore, sbaglio: cadere in fallo | Mettere un piede in –f, scivolare, sdrucciolare | Colpa, peccato: essere in –f. 2 (sport) Infrazione al regolamento di gara, per cui è comminata una punizione. 3 Mancamento,… … Enciclopedia di italiano
fallo — sustantivo masculino 1. Decisión de un jurado o autoridad competente: El tribunal dio a conocer su fallo. Sinónimo: resolución. 2. Mal funcionamiento de una cosa: El accidente se debió a un fallo en el sistema de frenado. 3. Error o equivocación… … Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española
Fallo — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda El término fallo puede estar haciendo referencia a: Una resolución judicial. Un error. Una avería de máquina, alteración en el normal funcionamiento de una máquina. Obtenido de Fallo Categoría:… … Wikipedia Español
fallō- — *fallō , *fallōn germ., schwach. Femininum (n): nhd. Falle; ne. trap (Neutrum); Rekontruktionsbasis: an., ae., as., ahd.; Etymologie: s. ing … Germanisches Wörterbuch
fallo — 1fàl·lo s.m. CO 1. errore, sbaglio: far cadere in fallo qcn. | colpa, peccato: fallo imperdonabile Sinonimi: sbaglio | delitto, 1peccato. 2. imperfezione, difetto di lavorazione spec. di un tessuto, dovuto a un errore di tessitura 3a. TS sport… … Dizionario italiano
fallo — I (Derivado de fallar < lat. afflare.) ► sustantivo masculino 1 Determinación o decisión que toma una persona competente sobre un asunto discutido o dudoso. 2 Decisión del jurado que ha de conceder un premio: ■ mostraron su desacuerdo con el… … Enciclopedia Universal
fallo — fallo1 s.m. [der. di fallare ]. 1. a. [atto inadeguato al reale, per lo più non grave: f. di gioventù ; commettere un f. ] ▶◀ errore, sbaglio. ↑ colpa, peccato. ‖ equivoco, malinteso. ● Espressioni: cadere in fallo ▶◀ sbagliare, sbagliarsi,… … Enciclopedia Italiana
fallo — {{#}}{{LM F17344}}{{〓}} {{SynF17791}} {{[}}fallo{{]}} ‹fa·llo› {{《}}▍ s.m.{{》}} {{<}}1{{>}} Falta, imperfección o error: • El primer gol se debió a un fallo del portero.{{○}} {{<}}2{{>}} Defecto o mal funcionamiento: • El apagón se produjo por un … Diccionario de uso del español actual con sinónimos y antónimos
fallo — fallo1 (De fallar1). 1. m. Der. Sentencia de un juez o de un tribunal, y en ella, especialmente, el pronunciamiento decisivo o imperativo. 2. Decisión tomada por persona competente sobre cualquier asunto dudoso o disputado. echar el fallo. fr.… … Diccionario de la lengua española
fallo — No hay que confundir los términos fallo, veredicto, sentencia y condena. El fallo es la parte de la sentencia en la que el juez cstiga o perdona al reo ; el veredicto (de culpabilidad o inocencia) es la decisión del jurado ; la sentencia es la… … Diccionario español de neologismos