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61 policy variables
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > policy variables
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62 policy-oriented
с максимальным учётом требований политики (например, стандартизации и унификации; документы ООН)Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > policy-oriented
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63 policy-oriented document
рабочий документ, составленный в духе политики, проводимой ООН ( документы ООН)Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > policy-oriented document
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64 policy
Finan undated, long-lasting, and often unquantified statement of guidance regarding the way in which an organization will seek to behave in relation to its stakeholders -
65 Foreign policy
The guiding principle of Portuguese foreign policy since the founding of the monarchy in the 12th century has been the maintenance of Portugal's status first as an independent kingdom and, later, as a sovereign nation-state. For the first 800 years of its existence, Portuguese foreign policy and diplomacy sought to maintain the independence of the Portuguese monarchy, especially in relationship to the larger and more powerful Spanish monarchy. During this period, the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, which began with a treaty of commerce and friendship signed between the kings of Portugal and England in 1386 (the Treaty of Windsor) and continued with the Methuen Treaty in 1703, sought to use England ( Great Britain after 1707) as a counterweight to its landward neighbor, Spain.As three invasions of Portugal by Napoleon's armies during the first decade of the 19th century proved, however, Spain was not the only threat to Portugal's independence and security. Portugal's ally, Britain, provided a counterweight also to a threatening France on more than one occasion between 1790 and 1830. During the 19th century, Portugal's foreign policy became largely subordinate to that of her oldest ally, Britain, and standard Portuguese histories describe Portugal's situation as that of a "protectorate" of Britain. In two key aspects during this time of international weakness and internal turmoil, Portugal's foreign policy was under great pressure from her ally, world power Britain: responses to European conflicts and to the situation of Portugal's scattered, largely impoverished overseas empire. Portugal's efforts to retain massive, resource-rich Brazil in her empire failed by 1822, when Brazil declared its independence. Britain's policy of favoring greater trade and commerce opportunities in an autonomous Brazil was at odds with Portugal's desperate efforts to hold Brazil.Following the loss of Brazil and a renewed interest in empire in tropical Africa, Portugal sought to regain a more independent initiative in her foreign policy and, especially after 1875, overseas imperial questions dominated foreign policy concerns. From this juncture, through the first Republic (1910-26) and during the Estado Novo, a primary purpose of Portuguese foreign policy was to maintain Portuguese India, Macau, and its colonies in Africa: Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau. Under the direction of the dictator, Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, further efforts were made to reclaim a measure of independence of foreign policy, despite the tradition of British dominance. Salazar recognized the importance of an Atlantic orientation of the country's foreign policy. As Herbert Pell, U.S. Ambassador to Portugal (1937-41), observed in a June 1939 report to the U.S. Department of State, Portugal's leaders understood that Portugal must side with "that nation which dominates the Atlantic."During the 1930s, greater efforts were made in Lisbon in economic, financial, and foreign policy initiatives to assert a greater measure of flexibility in her dependence on ally Britain. German economic interests made inroads in an economy whose infrastructure in transportation, communication, and commerce had long been dominated by British commerce and investors. Portugal's foreign policy during World War II was challenged as both Allied and Axis powers tested the viability of Portugal's official policy of neutrality, qualified by a customary bow to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, who served as minister of foreign affairs, as well as prime minister, during 1936-45, sought to sell his version of neutrality to both sides in the war and to do so in a way that would benefit Portugal's still weak economy and finance. Portugal's status as a neutral was keenly tested in several cases, including Portugal's agreeing to lease military bases to Britain and the United States in the Azores Islands and in the wolfram (tungsten ore) question. Portugal's foreign policy experienced severe pressures from the Allies in both cases, and Salazar made it clear to his British and American counterparts that Portugal sought to claim the right to make independent choices in policy, despite Portugal's military and economic weakness. In tense diplomatic negotiations with the Allies over Portugal's wolfram exports to Germany as of 1944, Salazar grew disheartened and briefly considered resigning over the wolfram question. Foreign policy pressure on this question diminished quickly on 6 June 1944, as Salazar decreed that wolfram mining, sales, and exports to both sides would cease for the remainder of the war. After the United States joined the Allies in the war and pursued an Atlantic strategy, Portugal discovered that her relationship with the dominant ally in the emerging United Nations was changing and that the U.S. would replace Britain as the key Atlantic ally during succeeding decades. Beginning in 1943-44, and continuing to 1949, when Portugal became, with the United States, a founding member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Luso-American relations assumed center stage in her foreign policy.During the Cold War, Portuguese foreign policy was aligned with that of the United States and its allies in Western Europe. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the focus of Portuguese foreign policy shifted away from defending and maintaining the African colonies toward integration with Europe. Since Portugal became a member of the European Economic Community in 1986, and this evolved into the European Union (EU), all Portuguese governments have sought to align Portugal's foreign policy with that of the EU in general and to be more independent of the United States. Since 1986, Portugal's bilateral commercial and diplomatic relations with Britain, France, and Spain have strengthened, especially those with Spain, which are more open and mutually beneficial than at any other time in history.Within the EU, Portugal has sought to play a role in the promotion of democracy and human rights, while maintaining its security ties to NATO. Currently, a Portuguese politician, José Manuel Durão Barroso, is president of the Commission of the EU, and Portugal has held the six-month rotating presidency of the EU three times, in 1992, 2000, and 2007. -
66 company policy
Gen Mgta statement of desired standards of behavior or procedure applicable across an organization. Company policy defines ways of acting for staff in areas where there appears to be latitude in deciding how best to operate. This may concern areas such as time off for special circumstances, drug or alcohol abuse, workplace bullying, personal use of Internet facilities, or business travel. Company policy may also apply to customers, for example, policy on complaints, customer retention, or disclosure of information. Sometimes a company policy may develop into a code of practice. -
67 family friendly policy
HRa variety of working practices designed to enable employees to achieve a satisfactory work-life balance. A family friendly policy is often introduced by an organization to facilitate the reintroduction of women with children into the workplace. Equal opportunities legislation and corporate good practice, however, require that such a policy is open to all employees. Typically, a family friendly policy will allow for a variety of flexible working practices and may go further by providing childcare or eldercare facilities, or paid time off for participation in community activities as part of a community involvement program. Although the introduction of a family friendly policy may initially be expensive, benefits to the organization, including improved employee retention and higher motivation and job satisfaction levels, are believed to offset these costs. -
68 endowment policy
Finan insurance policy of a type popular in the United Kingdom that pays a set amount to the policyholder when the policy matures, or to a beneficiary if the policyholder dies before it matures -
69 environmental policy
Gen Mgta statement of organizational intentions regarding the safeguarding of the environment. Clause 4.2 of the ISO 14001 (see ISO 14000) series of environmental management standards, which many organizations now either apply in full or make use of for guidance on environmental management, focuses on environmental policy and states the necessary themes and commitments for an environmental policy that conforms to ISO 14001 requirements. -
70 paid-up policy
Fin [m1]1. in the United Kingdom, an endowment insurance policy, for which the policyholder has decided not to continue paying premiums, that continues to provide life insurance while the cost of the premiums is covered by the underlying fund. If the fund is sufficient to pay the premiums for the remainder of the term, the remaining funds will be paid to the policyholder at maturity.2. in the United States, an insurance policy on which all the premiums have been paid -
71 scorched earth policy
Gen Mgtdestructive actions taken by an organization in defense against a hostile takeover. Extreme actions under a scorched earth policy may include voluntary liquidation, or selling off critical assets. A scorched earth policy may come into play if the value of the company to be acquired exceeds the value of the company making a hostile bid. (slang) -
72 insurance policy
بوليصة \ insurance policy: a written agreement with a company, to insure sth.. \ See Also وثيقة (وَثِيقة)، صَكّ تَأْمين \ صَكّ \ insurance policy: a written arrangement that protects a person or company against loss from fire, theft, etc., in return for a regular payment. \ See Also بُولِيصة تأمين -
73 dishonesty, disappearance and destruction policy
Insurance: three-D policyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > dishonesty, disappearance and destruction policy
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74 doping prevention policy
■ Set of activities and measures intended to prevent footballers from using chemicals or other substances to boost their performance.Englisch-deutsch wörterbuch fußball > doping prevention policy
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75 Z-Z routing policy
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > Z-Z routing policy
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76 zig-zag shortest path routing policy
метод зигзагообразной маршрутизации с выбором кратчайшего пути (в соответствии с этим методом предпочтение отдаётся диагональному распространению пакетов, т.е. пакеты с наибольшей вероятностью должны перемещаться к диагонали сети с квадратно-узловой топологией, хотя такое перемещение к диагонали не является единственно возможным); см. Z-Z routing policy; ср. также shortest-path routingАнгло-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > zig-zag shortest path routing policy
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77 activist fiscal policy
Finthe policy of a government or national bank that tries to affect the value of its country’s money by such measures as changing interest rates for loans to banks and buying or selling foreign currencies -
78 benchmark accounting policy
Finone of a choice of two possible policies within an International Accounting Standard. The other policy is marked as an “allowed alternative,” although there is no indication of preference.The ultimate business dictionary > benchmark accounting policy
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79 closed-door policy
Gen Mgt -
80 deflationary fiscal policy
Econa government policy that raises taxes and reduces public expenditure in order to reduce the level of aggregate demand in the economyThe ultimate business dictionary > deflationary fiscal policy
См. также в других словарях:
policy — pol‧i‧cy [ˈpɒlsi ǁ ˈpɑː ] noun plural policies 1. [countable] also inˈsurance ˌpolicy INSURANCE a contract with an insurance company, or an official written statement giving all the details of such a contract: • She did not realize that her… … Financial and business terms
Policy analysis — can be defined as determining which of various alternative policies will most achieve a given set of goals in light of the relations between the policies and the goals [Nagel, Stuart S. (Ed.), 1999, Policy Analysis Methods. New Science Publishers … Wikipedia
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Policy of Truth — Single par Depeche Mode extrait de l’album Violator Face A Policy of Truth Face B Kaleid Sortie 7 mai 1990 Enregistrement … Wikipédia en Français
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Policy Network — is a London based centre left international think tank. It is leading platform for long term strategic thinking, policymaking and international best practice, influencing policy debates in the UK, Europe and internationally. Its President is… … Wikipedia
Policy reform — Policy reform, in addition to its more general meanings, has been used to refer to a future scenario which relies on government action to correct economic market failures and to stimulate the technological investment necessary for sustainable… … Wikipedia
