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external+validity

  • 1 external validity

    French\ \ validité externe
    German\ \ externe Gültigkeit
    Dutch\ \ externe validiteit
    Italian\ \ validità esterna
    Spanish\ \ validez externa
    Catalan\ \ validesa externa
    Portuguese\ \ validade externa
    Romanian\ \ externe valabilitate
    Danish\ \ eksterne validitet
    Norwegian\ \ eksterne validitet
    Swedish\ \ extern validitet
    Greek\ \ εξωτερική εγκυρότητα
    Finnish\ \ tutkimuksen ulkoinen validius
    Hungarian\ \ külső érvényesség
    Turkish\ \ dışsal (harici) geçerlilik
    Estonian\ \ väline kehtivuse
    Lithuanian\ \ išorės galiojimo
    Slovenian\ \ zunanja veljavnost
    Polish\ \ wiarygodności zewnętrznej
    Ukrainian\ \ зовнішня загальнозначимість
    Serbian\ \ екстерне валидности
    Icelandic\ \ ytra réttmæti
    Euskara\ \ kanpo-baliotasuna
    Farsi\ \ -
    Persian-Farsi\ \ -
    Arabic\ \ صلاحية خارجية
    Afrikaans\ \ eksterne geldigheid
    Chinese\ \ 外部有效性
    Korean\ \ 외적 타당성

    Statistical terms > external validity

  • 2 внешняя валидность

    Русско-английский биологический словарь > внешняя валидность

  • 3 внешняя валидность

    Русско-английский научный словарь > внешняя валидность

  • 4 внешняя валидность

    external validity, face validity

    Russian-english psychology dictionary > внешняя валидность

  • 5 внешняя общезначимость

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > внешняя общезначимость

  • 6 validez

    f.
    validity.
    este proyecto confirma la validez científica de su enfoque this project confirms the scientific validity of his approach
    dar validez a to validate
    tener validez to be valid
    * * *
    1 validity
    * * *

    dar validez a — (gen) to validate; (Pol) to ratify

    * * *
    femenino validity
    * * *
    = currency, validity, worthwhileness, enforceability, construct validity, tenability.
    Ex. This stop-list or stop-wordlist is a record of words which have no currency as access points in an index.
    Ex. The main issue before the Royal Commission, however, was not the validity or adequacy of any individual rule or rules, but the ideology underlying Panizzi's catalog as a whole.
    Ex. But it always assumes the importance, the worthwhileness, of human experience even when -- as in tragedy -- it finds much in that experience evil.
    Ex. The enforceability of a shrink wrapped licence has been challenged successfully in North America.
    Ex. Factor analysis is used to test the construct validity of the instrument.
    Ex. The focus of this paper is to question the tenability of socio-economic models of conceptualizing the digital divide.
    ----
    * anular la validez de un concepto = sterilise + idea.
    * comprobar la validez = pilot-test.
    * comprobar la validez de = test + the validity of.
    * cuestionar la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.
    * período de validez = period of validity.
    * poner en cuestión la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.
    * tener validez = apply.
    * validez aparente = face validity.
    * validez de discriminación = discriminant validity.
    * validez del contenido = content validity.
    * validez externa = external validity.
    * validez interna = internal validity.
    * validez técnica = technical soundness, technical validity.
    * * *
    femenino validity
    * * *
    = currency, validity, worthwhileness, enforceability, construct validity, tenability.

    Ex: This stop-list or stop-wordlist is a record of words which have no currency as access points in an index.

    Ex: The main issue before the Royal Commission, however, was not the validity or adequacy of any individual rule or rules, but the ideology underlying Panizzi's catalog as a whole.
    Ex: But it always assumes the importance, the worthwhileness, of human experience even when -- as in tragedy -- it finds much in that experience evil.
    Ex: The enforceability of a shrink wrapped licence has been challenged successfully in North America.
    Ex: Factor analysis is used to test the construct validity of the instrument.
    Ex: The focus of this paper is to question the tenability of socio-economic models of conceptualizing the digital divide.
    * anular la validez de un concepto = sterilise + idea.
    * comprobar la validez = pilot-test.
    * comprobar la validez de = test + the validity of.
    * cuestionar la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.
    * período de validez = period of validity.
    * poner en cuestión la validez de = bring into + question the validity of, question + the validity of.
    * tener validez = apply.
    * validez aparente = face validity.
    * validez de discriminación = discriminant validity.
    * validez del contenido = content validity.
    * validez externa = external validity.
    * validez interna = internal validity.
    * validez técnica = technical soundness, technical validity.

    * * *
    validity
    la validez de este pasaporte terminará el 16 de junio de 2011 this passport expires on o is valid until June 16 2011
    sin validez invalid
    la falta de validez del testamento the invalidity of the will
    dar validez to validate, give effect to
    * * *

     

    validez sustantivo femenino
    validity
    validez f (vigencia, legalidad) validity: esa norma no tiene validez, that regulation is not valid
    ' validez' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    efectividad
    - valor
    - visar
    English:
    validity
    - win over
    - validate
    * * *
    1. [de documento, pasaporte] validity;
    periodo de validez period of validity;
    dar validez a to validate;
    tener validez to be valid;
    ambos diplomas tienen la misma validez oficial both diplomas have the same official validity
    2. [de argumento, teoría] validity;
    este proyecto confirma la validez científica de su enfoque this project confirms the scientific validity of his approach;
    tener validez to be valid
    * * *
    f validity;
    tener validez be valid
    * * *
    : validity

    Spanish-English dictionary > validez

  • 7 validez externa

    Ex. The scheme comprises 4 dimensions: external validity, internal validity, institutional adequacy and formal adequacy.
    * * *

    Ex: The scheme comprises 4 dimensions: external validity, internal validity, institutional adequacy and formal adequacy.

    Spanish-English dictionary > validez externa

  • 8 validez interna

    Ex. The scheme comprises 4 dimensions: external validity, internal validity, institutional adequacy and formal adequacy.
    * * *

    Ex: The scheme comprises 4 dimensions: external validity, internal validity, institutional adequacy and formal adequacy.

    Spanish-English dictionary > validez interna

  • 9 внешняя валидность

    1) Biology: external validity
    2) Aviation medicine: face validity (теста)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > внешняя валидность

  • 10 externe Validität

    externe Validität f STAT, WIWI external validity (Zusammenfassung der Inhalts- und Vorhersagevalidität, condensation of predictive and content validity)

    Business german-english dictionary > externe Validität

  • 11 внутренняя валидность

    Русско-английский научный словарь > внутренняя валидность

  • 12 внешняя общезначимость

    Mathematics: external validity

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > внешняя общезначимость

  • 13 Außeneinsatz

    Außeneinsatz
    fieldwork;
    • Außenfläche exterior surface;
    • Außengeltung external validity, (Akzept) foreign acceptance;
    • Außengewässer extraterritorial waters;
    • Außenhafen outer harbo(u)r, outport.

    Business german-english dictionary > Außeneinsatz

  • 14 Außengeltung

    Außengeltung
    external validity, (Akzept) foreign acceptance

    Business german-english dictionary > Außengeltung

  • 15 प्रवृत्तिः _pravṛttiḥ

    प्रवृत्तिः f.
    1 Continued advance.
    -2 Rise, origin, source, flow (of words &c.); प्रवृत्तिरासीच्छब्दानां चरितार्था चतुष्टयी Ku.2.17.
    -3 Appearance, manifestation; कुसुमप्रवृत्तिसमये Ś.4.9. (v. l.); R.11.43;14.39;15.4.
    -4 Advent, setting in, commencement; आकालिकीं वीक्ष्य मधुप्रवृत्तिम् Ku.3.34.
    -5 Application or addiction to, tendency, inclination, predilection, propensity; न हि प्रजानामि तव प्रवृत्तिम् Bg.11.31; सतां हि संदेहपदेषु वस्तुषु प्रमाणमन्तःकरणप्रवृत्तयः Ś.1.22.
    -6 Conduct, behaviour; त्वां प्रत्यकस्मात् कलुषप्रवृत्तौ R.14.73.
    -7 Employment, oc- cupation, activity; विदितं वो यथा स्वार्था न मे काश्चित् प्रवृत्तयः Ku.6.26.
    -8 Use, employment, currency (as of a word).
    -9 Continued effort, perseverance.
    -1 Signi- fication, sense, acceptation (of a word).
    -11 Continu- ance, permanence, prevalence.
    -12 Active life, taking an active part in worldly affairs (opp. निवृत्ति); प्रवृत्तिः कुत्र कर्तव्या जीवितव्यं कथं नु वा H.
    -13 News, tidings, intelligence; ततः प्रवृत्तिः सीतायाः Mb.3.148.5; प्रवृत्तिसाराः खलु मादृशां गिरः Ki.1.25; जीमूतेन स्वकुशलमयी हारयिष्यन् प्रवृत्तिम् Me.4; V.4.2.
    -14 Applicability or validity of a rule.
    -15 Fate, destiny, luck.
    -16 Cognition, direct perception or apprehension.
    -17 Rutting juice, or ichor exuding from the temples of an elephant in rut.
    -18 N. of the city of उज्जयिनी q. v.
    -19 (In Arith.) The multiplier.
    -Comp. -ज्ञः a spy, secret emissary or agent.
    -निमित्तम् a reason for the use of any term in a particular signification.
    -पराङ्मुख a. averse to giving news; मयि च विधुरे भावः कान्ताप्रवृत्तिपराङ्मुखः V.4.2.
    -पुरुषः a news agent; प्रवृत्तिपुरुषाः कथयन्ति Pañch.
    -प्रत्ययः conception of the things relating to the external world.
    -मार्गः active or worldly life, attachment to the busi- ness and pleasure of the world.
    -लेखः a writ of guid- ance; प्रावृत्तिकश्च प्रतिलेख एव Kau. A.2.1.28.
    -विज्ञानम् cognition of the things belonging to the external world.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > प्रवृत्तिः _pravṛttiḥ

  • 16 प्रवृत्ति


    pra-vṛitti
    f. moving onwards, advance, progress GṛṠrS. MBh. Suṡr. ;

    coming forth, appearance, manifestation ṠvetUp. Kālid. Rājat. ;
    rise, source, origin. MBh. ;
    activity, exertion, efficacy, function Kap. Sāṃkhyak. MBh. etc. (in the Nyāya one of the 82 Prameyas IW. 63);
    active life (as opp. to ni-vṛitti <q.v.> andﾠ to contemplative devotion, andﾠ defined as consisting of the wish to act, knowledge of the means, andﾠ accomplishment of the object) W. ;
    giving orﾠ devoting one's self to, prosecution of. course orﾠ tendency towards, inclination orﾠ predilection for (loc. orﾠ comp.) Rājat. Hit. Sāh. ;
    application, use, employment Mn. MBh. MārkP. ;
    conduct, behaviour, practice Mn. MBh. etc.;
    the applicability orﾠ validity of a rule KātyṠr. Pāṇ. Sch. ;
    currency, continuance, prevalence ib. ;
    fate, lot, destiny R. ;
    news, tidings, intelligence of (gen. orﾠ comp.) MBh. Kāv. etc.;
    cognition (with vishaya-vatī, « a sensuous cognition») Yogas. ;
    the exudation from the temples of a rutting elephant L. (cf. Vikr. IV, 47);
    N. of Avanti orﾠ Oujein orﾠ any holy place L. ;
    (in arithm.) the multiplier W. (w.r. for pra-kṛiti?);
    - jña, m. « knowing the news», an emissary, agent. spy L. ;
    - jñóna n. - vijñāna Sarvad. ;
    - nimitta n. the reason for the use of any term in the particular significations which it bears MW. ;
    - nivṛitti-mat mfn. connected with activity andﾠ inactivity BhP. ;
    paróṅmukha mf (ī)n. disinclined to give tidings Vikr. ;
    - pratyaya m. a belief in orﾠ conception of the things relating to the external world Buddh. ;
    - mat mfn. devoted to anything, Kaiy. ;
    mārga m. active orﾠ worldly life, occupancy about the business andﾠ pleasures of the world orﾠ with the rites andﾠ works of religion MW. ;
    - vacana mfn. (a word) expressing activity Kāṡ. on Pāṇ. 2-3, 51 ;
    - vijñāna n. cognition of the things belonging to the external world Buddh. ;
    - tty-aṅga n. N. of wk.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > प्रवृत्ति

  • 17 Creativity

       Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)
       Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)
       There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)
       he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)
       he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)
       From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)
       Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)
       The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)
       In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)
       he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)
        11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder
       Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)
       New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)
       [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....
       Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)
       A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....
       Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity

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