external+code

1) Computers: outer code

2) Information technology: external code

m < edv> ■ external code

m < edv> ■ external code

 

код IK
-
[IEC 62262, ed. 1.0 (2002-02)]

IK-код
Международная числовая классификация степеней защиты, обеспечиваемых корпусами электрооборудования от внешних механических воздействий. Он определяет устойчивость оболочек (корпусов) электрооборудования к механическим воздействиям (удары).
[ http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IK_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4]

IK-код
степень защиты от механических воздействий (IK-код)
-
[Интент]

EN

IK code
coding system to indicate the degree of protection provided by an enclosure against harmful external mechanical impacts
[IEC 62262, ed. 1.0 (2002-02)]

FR

code IK
système de codification pour indiquer le degré de protection procuré par une enveloppe contre les impacts mécaniques externes nuisibles
[IEC 62262, ed. 1.0 (2002-02)]

Тематики

• безопасность машин и труда в целом

Синонимы

• IK-код
• степень защиты от механических воздействий (IK-код)

EN

• code IK
• IK code
• IK degree of protection,

FR

• code IK

νόμος, ου, ὁ (νέμω; [Zenodotus reads ν. in Od. 1, 3] Hes.+; loanw. in rabb.—On the history of the word MPohlenz, Nomos: Philol 97, ’48, 135–42; GShipp, Nomos ‘Law’ ’78; MOstwald, Nomos and the Beginnings of Athenian Democracy ’69). The primary mng. relates to that which is conceived as standard or generally recognized rules of civilized conduct esp. as sanctioned by tradition (Pind., Fgm. 152, 1=169 Schr. νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς; cp. SEG XVII, 755, 16: Domitian is concerned about oppressive practices hardening into ‘custom’; MGigante, ΝΟΜΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ [Richerche filologiche 1] ’56). The synonym ἔθος (cp. συνήθεια) denotes that which is habitual or customary, especially in reference to personal behavior. In addition to rules that take hold through tradition, the state or other legislating body may enact ordinances that are recognized by all concerned and in turn become legal tradition. A special semantic problem for modern readers encountering the term ν. is the general tendency to confine the usage of the term ‘law’ to codified statutes. Such limitation has led to much fruitless debate in the history of NT interpretation.—HRemus, Sciences Religieuses/Studies in Religion 13, ’84, 5–18; ASegal, Torah and Nomos in Recent Scholarly Discussion, ibid., 19–27.

① a procedure or practice that has taken hold, a custom, rule, principle, norm (Alcman [VII B.C.], Fgm. 93 D² of the tune that the bird sings; Ocellus [II B.C.] c. 49 Harder [1926] τῆς φύσεως νόμος; Appian, Basil. 1 §2 πολέμου ν., Bell. Civ. 5, 44 §186 ἐκ τοῦδε τοῦ σοῦ νόμου=under this rule of yours that governs action; Polyaenus 5, 5, 3 ν. πόμπης; 7, 11, 6 ν. φιλίας; Sextus 123 τοῦ βίου νόμος; Just., A II, 2, 4 παρὰ τὸν τῆς φύσεως ν.; Ath. 3, 1 νόμῳ φύσεως; 13, 1 θυσιῶν νόμῳ)

ⓐ gener. κατὰ νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης in accordance w. the rule of an external commandment Hb 7:16. εὑρίσκω τὸν νόμον I observe an established procedure or principle or system Ro 7:21 (ν. as ‘principle’, i.e. an unwritten rightness of things Soph., Ant. 908). According to Bauer, Paul uses the expression νόμος (which dominates this context) in cases in which he prob. would have preferred another word. But it is also prob. that Paul purposely engages in wordplay to heighten the predicament of those who do not rely on the gospel of liberation from legal constraint: the Apostle speaks of a principle that obligates one to observe a code of conduct that any sensible pers. would recognize as sound and valid ὁ νόμος τ. νοός μου vs. 23b (s. νοῦς 1a). Engaged in a bitter struggle w. this νόμος there is a ἕτερος νόμος which, in contrast to the νοῦς, dwells ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου in my (physical) members vs. 23a, and hence is a νόμος τῆς ἁμαρτίας vs. 23c and 25b or a νόμος τ. ἁμαρτίας καὶ τ. θανάτου 8:2b. This sense prepares the way for the specific perspective

ⓑ of life under the lordship of Jesus Christ as a ‘new law’ or ‘system’ of conduct that constitutes an unwritten tradition ὁ καινὸς ν. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 2:6; in brief ν. Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IMg 2 (cp. Just., D. 11, 4; 43, 1; Mel., P. 7, 46). Beginnings of this terminology as early as Paul: ὁ ν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ =the standard set by Christ Gal 6:2 (as vs. 3 intimates, Christ permitted himself to be reduced to nothing, thereby setting the standard for not thinking oneself to be someth.). The gospel is a νόμος πίστεως a law or system requiring faith Ro 3:27b (FGerhard, TZ 10, ’54, 401–17) or ὁ ν. τοῦ πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χρ. Ἰ. the law of the spirit (=the spirit-code) of life in Chr. J. 8:2a. In the same sense Js speaks of a ν. βασιλικός (s. βασιλικός) 2:8 or ν. ἐλευθερίας vs. 12 (λόγος ἐλ. P⁷⁴), ν. τέλειος ὁ τῆς ἐλευθερίας 1:25 (association w. 1QS 10:6, 8, 11 made by EStauffer, TLZ 77, ’52, 527–32, is rejected by SNötscher, Biblica 34, ’53, 193f. On the theme of spontaneous moral achievement cp. Pind., Fgm. 152 [169 Schr.] 1f νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεὺς | θνατῶν τε καὶ ἀθανάτων | ἄγει δικαιῶν τὸ βιαιότατον| ὑπερτάτᾳ χειρί=custom is lord of all, of mortals and immortals both, and with strong hand directs the utmost power of the just. Plut., Mor. 780c interprets Pindar’s use of νόμος: ‘not written externally in books or on some wooden tablets, but as lively reason functioning within him’ ἔμψυχος ὢν ἐν αὐτῷ λόγῳ; Aristot., EN 4, 8, 10 οἷον ν. ὢν ἑαυτῷ; Diod S 1, 94, 1 ν. ἔγγραπτος; cp. also Ovid, Met. 1, 90 sponte sua sine lege fidem rectumque colebat; Mayor, comm. ‘Notes’ 73.—RHirzel, ΑΓΡΑΦΟΣ ΝΟΜΟΣ 1903.). Some would put ὁ νόμος Js 2:9 here (s. LAllevi, Scuola Cattol. 67, ’39, 529–42), but s. 2b below.—Hermas too, who in part interprets Israel’s legal tradition as referring to Christians, sees the gospel, exhibited in Christ’s life and words, as the ultimate expression of God’s will or ‘law’. He says of Christ δοὺς αὐτοῖς (i.e. the believers) τὸν ν., ὅν ἔλαβε παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Hs 5, 6, 3, cp. Hs 8, 3, 3. Or he sees in the υἱὸς θεοῦ κηρυχθεὶς εἰς τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς, i.e. the preaching about the Son of God to the ends of the earth, the νόμος θεοῦ ὁ δοθεὶς εἰς ὅλον. τ. κόσμον 8, 3, 2. Similarly to be understood are τηρεῖν τὸν ν. 8, 3, 4. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ν. παθεῖν 8, 3, 6. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ν. θλίβεσθαι 8, 3, 7. ἀρνησάμενοι τὸν νόμον ibid. βλασφημεῖν τὸν ν. 8, 6, 2.

② constitutional or statutory legal system, law

ⓐ gener.: by what kind of law? Ro 3:27. ν. τῆς πόλεως the law of the city enforced by the ruler of the city (ν. ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι γραπτός Orig., C. Cels. 5, 37, 2); the penalty for breaking it is banishment Hs 1:5f. τοῖς ν. χρῆσθαι observe the laws 1:3; πείθεσθαι τοῖς ὡρισμένοις ν. obey the established laws Dg 5:10; νικᾶν τοὺς ν. ibid. (νικάω 3). Ro 7:1f, as well as the gnomic saying Ro 4:15b and 5:13b, have been thought by some (e.g. BWeiss, Jülicher) to refer to Roman law, but more likely the Mosaic law is meant (s. 3 below).

ⓑ specifically: of the law that Moses received from God and is the standard according to which membership in the people of Israel is determined (Diod S 1, 94, 1; 2: the lawgiver Mneves receives the law from Hermes, Minos from Zeus, Lycurgus from Apollo, Zarathustra from the ἀγαθὸς δαίμων, Zalmoxis from Hestia; παρὰ δὲ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, Μωϋσῆς receives the law from the Ἰαὼ ἐπικαλούμενος θεός) ὁ ν. Μωϋσέως Lk 2:22; J 7:23; Ac 15:5. ν. Μωϋσέως Ac 13:38; Hb 10:28. Also ὁ ν. κυρίου Lk 2:23f, 39; GJs 14:1. ὁ ν. τοῦ θεοῦ (Theoph. Ant. 2, 14 [p. 136, 4]) Mt 15:6 v.l.; Ro 8:7 (cp. Tat. 7, 2; 32, 1; Ath. 3:2). ὁ ν. ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτῶν etc. J 18:31; 19:7b v.l.; Ac 25:8. κατὰ τὸν ἡμέτερον ν. 24:6 v.l. (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 131). ὁ πατρῷος ν. 22:3. τὸν ν. τῶν ἐντολῶν Eph 2:15. Since the context of Ac 23:29 ἐγκαλούμενον περὶ ζητημάτων τοῦ νόμου αὐτῶν points to the intimate connection between belief, cult, and communal solidarity in Judean tradition, the term νόμος is best rendered with an hendiadys: (charged in matters) relating to their belief and custom; cp. ν. ὁ καθʼ ὑμᾶς 18:15. Ro 9:31 (CRhyne, Νόμος Δικαιοσύνης and the meaning of Ro 10:4: CBQ 47, ’85, 486–99).—Abs., without further qualification ὁ ν. Mt 22:36; 23:23; Lk 2:27; J 1:17; Ac 6:13; 7:53; 21:20, 28; Ro 2:15 (τὸ ἔργον τοῦ νόμου the work of the law [=the moral product that the Mosaic code requires] is written in the heart; difft. Diod S 1, 94, 1 ν. ἔγγραπτος, s. 1b, above), 18, 20, 23b, 26; 4:15a, 16; 7:1b, 4–7, 12, 14, 16; 8:3f; 1 Cor 15:56; Gal 3:12f, 17, 19, 21a, 24; 5:3, 14; 1 Ti 1:8 (GRudberg, ConNeot 7, ’42, 15); Hb 7:19 (s. Windisch, Hdb. exc. ad loc.), 28a; 10:1; cp. Js 2:9 (s. 1b above); μετὰ τὸν ν. Hb 7:28b; οἱ ἐν τῷ ν. Ro 3:19; κατὰ τὸν ν. according to the (Mosaic) law (Jos., Ant. 14, 173; 15, 51 al.; Just., D. 10, 1) J 19:7b; Ac 22:12; 23:3; Hb 7:5; 9:22. παρὰ τ. νόμον contrary to the law (Jos., Ant. 17, 151, C. Ap. 2, 219; Ath. 1, 3 παρὰ πάντα ν.) Ac 18:13.—νόμος without the art. in the same sense (on the attempt, beginning w. Origen, In Ep. ad Ro 3:7 ed. Lomm. VI 201, to establish a difference in mng. betw. Paul’s use of ὁ νόμος and νόμος s. B-D-F §258, 2; Rob. 796; Mlt-Turner 177; Grafe [s. 3b below] 7–11) Ro 2:13ab, 17, 23a, * 25a; 3:31ab; 5:13, 20; 7:1a (s. above); Gal 2:19b; 5:23 (JRobb, ET 56, ’45, 279f compares κατὰ δὲ τῶν τοιούτων οὐκ ἔστι νόμος Aristot., Pol. 1284a). δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται, ἀνόμοις δὲ … 1 Ti 1:9. Cp. ἑαυτοῖς εἰσιν νόμος Ro 2:14 (in Pla., Pol. and in Stoic thought the wise person needed no commandment [Stoic. III 519], the bad one did; MPohlenz, Stoa ’48/49 I 133; II 75). Used w. prepositions: ἐκ ν. Ro 4:14; Gal 3:18, 21c (v.l. ἐν ν.); Phil 3:9 (ἐκ νόμου can also mean corresponding to or in conformity with the law: PRev 15, 11 ἐκ τῶν νόμων); cp. ἐκ τοῦ νόμου Ro 10:5. διὰ νόμου Ro 2:12b; 3:20b; 4:13; 7:7b; Gal 2:19a, 21; ἐν ν. (ἐν τῷ ν. Iren. 3, 11, 8 [Harv. II 49, 9]) Ro 2:12a, 23; Gal 3:11, 21c v.l.; 5:4; Phil 3:6. κατὰ νόμον 3:5; Hb 8:4; 10:8 (make an offering κατὰ νόμον as Arrian, Anab. 2, 26, 4; 5, 8, 2); χωρὶς ν. Ro 3:21a; 7:8f; ἄχρι ν. 5:13a. ὑπὸ νόμον 6:14f; 1 Cor 9:20; Gal 3:23; 4:4f, 21a; 5:18 (cp. Just., D. 45, 3 οἱ ὑπὸ τὸν ν.).—Dependent on an anarthrous noun παραβάτης νόμου a law-breaker Ro 2:25b ( 27b w. art.); Js 2:11. ποιητὴς ν. one who keeps the law 4:11d (w. art. Ro 2:13b). τέλος ν. the end of the law Ro 10:4 (RBultmann and HSchlier, Christus des Ges. Ende ’40). πλήρωμα ν. fulfilment of the law 13:10. ν. μετάθεσις a change in the law Hb 7:12. ἔργα ν. Ro 3:20a, 28; 9:32 v.l.; Gal 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10a.—(ὁ) ν. (τοῦ) θεοῦ Ro 7:22, 25a; 8:7 because it was given by God and accords w. his will. Lasting Mt 5:18; Lk 16:17 (cp. Bar 4:1; PsSol 10:4; Philo, Mos. 2, 14; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277).—Used w. verbs, w. or without the art.: ν. ἔχειν J 19:7a; Ro 2:14 (ApcSed 14:5). πληροῦν ν. fulfill the law Ro 13:8; pass. Gal 5:14 (Mel., P. 42, 291). πληροῦν τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ ν. fulfill the requirement of the law Ro 8:4. φυλάσσειν τὸν ν. observe the law Ac 21:24; Gal 6:13. τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ ν. φυλάσσειν observe the precepts of the law Ro 2:26; διώκειν ν. δικαιοσύνης 9:31a; πράσσειν ν. 2:25a. ποιεῖν τὸν ν. J 7:19b; Gal 5:3; Ro 2:14b, s. below; τὸν ν. τηρεῖν Js 2:10. τὸν ν. τελεῖν Ro 2:27. φθάνειν εἰς ν. 9:31b. κατὰ ν. Ἰουδαϊσμὸν ζῆν IMg 8:1 v.l. is prob. a textual error (Pearson, Lghtf., Funk, Bihlmeyer, Hilgenfeld; Zahn, Ign. v. Ant. 1873 p. 354, 1 [difft. in Zahn’s edition] all omit νόμον as a gloss and are supported by the Latin versions; s. Hdb. ad loc.). τὰ τοῦ ν. ποιεῖν carry out the requirements of the law Ro 2:14b (ApcSed 14:5; FFlückiger, TZ 8, ’52, 17–42). καταλαλεῖν νόμου, κρίνειν ν. Js 4:11abc. ἐδόθη ν. Gal 3:21a.—Pl. διδοὺς νόμους μου εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν Hb 8:10; cp. 10:16 (both Jer 38:33).—Of an individual stipulation of the law ὁ νόμος τοῦ ἀνδρός the law insofar as it concerns the husband (Aristot., Fgm. 184 R. νόμοι ἀνδρὸς καὶ γαμετῆς.—SIG 1198, 14 κατὰ τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐρανιστῶν; Num 9:12 ὁ ν. τοῦ πάσχα; Philo, Sobr. 49 ὁ ν. τῆς λέπρας) Ro 7:2b; cp. 7:3 and δέδεται νόμῳ vs. 2a (on the imagery Straub 94f); 1 Cor 7:39 v.l.—The law is personified, as it were (Demosth. 43, 59; Aeschin. 1, 18; Herm. Wr. 12, 4 [the law of punishment]; IMagnMai 92a, 11 ὁ ν. συντάσσει; b, 16 ὁ ν. ἀγορεύει; Jos., Ant. 3, 274) J 7:51; Ro 3:19.

③ a collection of holy writings precious to God’s people, sacred ordinance

ⓐ in the strict sense the law=the Pentateuch, the work of Moses the lawgiver (Diod S 40, 3, 6 προσγέγραπται τοῖς νόμοις ἐπὶ τελευτῆς ὅτι Μωσῆς ἀκούσας τοῦ θεοῦ τάδε λέγει τ. Ἰουδαίοις=at the end of the laws this is appended: this is what Moses heard from God and is telling to the Jews. ὁ διὰ τοῦ ν. μεταξὺ καθαρῶν καὶ ἀκαθάρτων διαστείλας θεός Iren. 3, 12, 7 [Harv. II 60, 3]; cp. Hippol., Ref. 7, 34, 1) τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ νόμου Gal 3:10b (cp. Dt 27:26). Also simply ὁ νόμος (Jos., Bell. 7, 162 ὁ ν. or 2, 229 ὁ ἱερὸς ν. of the holy book in a concrete sense) Mt 12:5 (Num 28:9f is meant); J 8:5; 1 Cor 9:8 (cp. Dt 25:4); 14:34 (cp. Gen 3:16); Gal 4:21b (the story of Abraham); Hb 9:19. ὁ ν. ὁ ὑμέτερος J 8:17 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 402; Tat. 40, 1 κατὰ τοὺς ἡμετέρους ν.). ἐν Μωϋσέως νόμῳ γέγραπται 1 Cor 9:9. καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ κυρίου Lk 2:23 (γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ as Athen. 6, 27, 23c; IMagnMai 52, 35 [III B.C.]; Mel., P. 11, 71; cp. Just., D. 8, 4 τὰ ἐν τῷ ν. γεγραμμένα); cp. vs. 24. ἔγραψεν Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ J 1:45 (cp. Cercidas [III B.C.], Fgm. 1, 18f Diehl² [=Coll. Alex. p. 204, 29=Knox p. 196] καὶ τοῦθʼ Ὅμηρος εἶπεν ἐν Ἰλιάδι).—The Sacred Scriptures (OT) referred to as a whole in the phrase ὁ ν. καὶ οἱ προφῆται (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 6, 4; cp. Hippol., Ref. 8, 19, 1) the law (הַתּוֹרָה) and the prophets (הַנְּבִיאִים) Mt 5:17; 7:12; 11:13; 22:40; Lk 16:16; Ac 13:15; 24:14; 28:23; Ro 3:21b; cp. Dg 11:6; J 1:45. τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ ν. Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῖς προφήταις καὶ ψαλμοῖς Lk 24:44.

ⓑ In a wider sense=Holy Scripture gener., on the principle that the most authoritative part gives its name to the whole (ὁ ν. ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ Theoph. Ant. 1, 11 [p. 82, 15]): J 10:34 (Ps 81:6); 12:34 (Ps 109:4; Is 9:6; Da 7:14); 15:25 (Ps 34:19; 68:5); 1 Cor 14:21 (Is 28:11f); Ro 3:19 (preceded by a cluster of quotations fr. Psalms and prophets).—Mt 5:18; Lk 10:26; 16:17; J 7:49.—JHänel, Der Schriftbegriff Jesu 1919; OMichel, Pls u. s. Bibel 1929; SWesterholm, Studies in Religion 15, ’86, 327–36.—JMeinhold, Jesus u. das AT 1896; MKähler, Jesus u. das AT² 1896; AKlöpper, Z. Stellung Jesu gegenüber d. Mos. Gesetz, Mt 5:17–48: ZWT 39, 1896, 1–23; EKlostermann, Jesu Stellung z. AT 1904; AvHarnack, Hat Jesus das atl. Gesetz abgeschafft?: Aus Wissenschaft u. Leben II 1911, 225–36, SBBerlAk 1912, 184–207; KBenz, D. Stellung Jesu zum atl. Gesetz 1914; MGoguel, RHPR 7, 1927, 160ff; BBacon, Jesus and the Law: JBL 47, 1928, 203–31; BBranscomb, Jes. and the Law of Moses 1930; WKümmel, Jes. u. d. jüd. Traditionsged.: ZNW 33, ’34, 105–30; JHempel, D. synopt. Jesus u. d. AT: ZAW 56, ’38, 1–34.—Lk-Ac: JJervell, HTR 64, ’71, 21–36.—EGrafe, D. paulin. Lehre vom Gesetz² 1893; HCremer, D. paulin. Rechtfertigungslehre 1896, 84ff; 363ff; FSieffert, D. Entwicklungslinie d. paul. Gesetzeslehre: BWeiss Festschr. 1897, 332–57; WSlaten, The Qualitative Use of νόμος in the Pauline Ep.: AJT 23, 1919, 213ff; HMosbech, Pls’ Laere om Loven: TT 4/3, 1922, 108–37; 177–221; EBurton, ICC, Gal 1921, 443–60; PFeine, Theol. des NT⁶ ’34, 208–15 (lit.); PBenoit, La Loi et la Croix d’après S. Paul (Ro 7:7–8:4): RB 47, ’38, 481–509; CMaurer, D. Gesetzeslehre des Pls ’41; PBläser, D. Gesetz b. Pls ’41; BReicke, JBL 70, ’51, 259–76; GBornkamm, Das Ende d. Gesetzes ’63; HRaisänen, Paul and the Law² ’87; PRichardson/SWesterholm, et al., Law in Religious Communities in the Rom. Period, ’91 (Torah and Nomos); MNobile, La Torà al tempo di Paolo, alcune ri-flessioni: Atti del IV simposio di Tarso su S. Paolo Apostolo, ed. LPadovese ’96, 93–106 (lit. 93f, n. 1).—Dodd 25–41.—B. 1358; 1419; 1421. DELG s.v. νέμω Ic. Schmidt, Syn. I 333–47. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

рус Вторичный паркинсонизм, вызванный другими внешними факторами

eng Secondary parkinsonism due to other external agents. Use additional external cause code (Chapter XX), if desired, to identify external agent.

* * *

модуля́ция испо́льзуется для нанесе́ния информа́ции на перено́счик — modulation impresses information on a carrier

модуля́ция осуществля́ется по, напр. ано́ду, се́тке — modulation is applied to, e. g., the anode, grid

осуществля́ть модуля́цию по, напр. ано́ду, защи́тной се́тке — apply modulation to, e. g., the anode, suppressor grid

при модуля́ции информа́ция заключа́ется в, напр. частоту́ несу́щей — in modulation, the intelligence is embedded in, e. g., the frequency of the carrier

модуля́ция состои́т в измене́нии пара́метра перено́счика под возде́йствием передава́емого сигна́ла — modulation arises when a characteristic of the carrier is changed by the signal [intelligence] transmitted

амплиту́дная модуля́ция [АМ] — amplitude modulation, AM

амплиту́дная, асимметри́чная модуля́ция — asymmetric amplitude [conjugate] modulation

амплиту́дно-и́мпульсная модуля́ция [АИМ] — pulse-amplitude modulation, PAM

ано́дная модуля́ция — plate [anode] modulation

взаи́мная модуля́ция — intermodulation

модуля́ция видеосигна́лами — video modulation

модуля́ция в каска́дах предвари́тельного усиле́ния — prestage modulation

вне́шняя модуля́ция — external modulation

вну́тренняя модуля́ция — internal modulation

внутрирезона́торная модуля́ция — in-cavity modulation

модуля́ция вре́мени жи́зни носи́телей те́ла — life time modulation

временна́я модуля́ция см. время-импульсная модуляция

вре́мя-и́мпульсная модуля́ция [ВИМ] — pulse-position modulation, PPM (Примечание. Не путать с pulse-time modulation, так как этот термин включает pulse-position и pulse-width, pulse-frequency и pulse-interval modulations.)

модуля́ция, вызыва́емая окружа́ющей средо́й — environmental modulation

модуля́ция группово́го сигна́ла — group modulation

двойна́я модуля́ция — double modulation

двухта́ктная модуля́ция — push-pull modulation

модуля́ция дефази́рованием — outphasing modulation

динами́ческая модуля́ция — dynamic modulation

дифференциа́льная модуля́ция — differential modulation

модуля́ция длины́ кана́ла ( в полевом транзисторе) — channel length modulation

модуля́ция добро́тности ла́зера — Q-switching, Q-modulation, Q-spoiling

модуля́ция добро́тности ла́зера, акти́вная — active Q-switching

модуля́ция добро́тности ла́зера, и́мпульсная — pulsed Q-switching

модуля́ция добро́тности ла́зера, пасси́вная — passive Q-switching

модуля́ция добро́тности ла́зера, электроопти́ческая — electrooptic Q-switching

дро́бная модуля́ция — fractional modulation

звукова́я модуля́ция — audio modulation

идеа́льная модуля́ция — perfect modulation

модуля́ция излуче́ния ла́зера — laser-beam modulation

изохро́нная модуля́ция — isochronous modulation

и́мпульсная модуля́ция — pulse(-type) modulation

и́мпульсная, кванто́ванная модуля́ция — quantized pulse modulation

модуля́ция интенси́вности пучка́ — beam intensity modulation

квадрату́рная модуля́ция — quadrature modulation

квадрату́рная, бала́нсная модуля́ция — balanced quadrature modulation

квадрату́рная, синхро́нная модуля́ция — synchronous quadrature modulation

ко́дово-и́мпульсная модуля́ция [КИМ] — pulse-code modulation, PCM

ко́дово-и́мпульсная, дифференциа́льная модуля́ция — differential pulse-code modulation

лине́йная модуля́ция — linear modulation

многокра́тная модуля́ция — multiple [compound] modulation

модуля́ция на большо́й мо́щности — брит. high-power modulation; амер. high-level modulation

модуля́ция на ма́лой мо́щности — брит. low-power modulation; амер. low-level modulation

недоста́точная модуля́ция — undermodulation

неискажё́нная модуля́ция — undistorted modulation

непосре́дственная модуля́ция — direct modulation

модуля́ция ОБП с оста́тком несу́щей свз. — vestigial sideband modulation

модуля́ция одни́м то́ном — single-tone modulation

однополо́сная модуля́ция — single-sideband [SSB] modulation

однота́ктная модуля́ция — single-cycle modulation

модуля́ция отклоне́нием — deflection modulation

модуля́ция отклоне́нием мо́жет испо́льзоваться для определе́ния а́зимута це́ли — deflection modulation can indicate target azimuth

парази́тная модуля́ция — extraneous [spurious] modulation

парази́тная модуля́ция дли́тельности и́мпульса — pulse-width jitter

парази́тная модуля́ция пери́ода повторе́ния и́мпульсов — repetition-period jitter

параметри́ческая модуля́ция — self-reactance modulation

перекрё́стная модуля́ция — cross modulation

переме́нная модуля́ция — variable modulation

перестано́вочная модуля́ция — permutation modulation

модуля́ция по амплиту́де — amplitude modulation, AM

модуля́ция по вре́мени — time modulation

модуля́ция поглоще́нием — absorption [loss] modulation

модуля́ция по крутизне́ и́мпульса — pulse-slope modulation

модуля́ция по́лем — field(-effect) modulation

по́лная модуля́ция — complete modulation

поляризацио́нная модуля́ция [ПМ] — polarization modulation, PM

модуля́ция по поляриза́ции — polarization modulation, PM

модуля́ция по фа́зе — phase modulation, PM

модуля́ция по частоте́ — frequency modulation, PM

модуля́ция по элеме́нту свя́зи — coupling modulation

модуля́ция прерыва́телем — chopper modulation

модуля́ция проводи́мости — conductivity modulation

противофа́зная модуля́ция — phase-reversal modulation

модуля́ция пучка́ — beam modulation

модуля́ция пучка́ по пло́тности — bunching

модуля́ция пучка́ по ско́рости — velocity modulation

речева́я модуля́ция — speech [voice] modulation, voice control

модуля́ция с авторегули́рованием несу́щей частоты́ — controlled-carrier [floating-carrier, variable-carrier] modulation

модуля́ция све́та — light modulation

се́точная модуля́ция — grid modulation

модуля́ция се́точным смеще́нием — grid-bias modulation

модуля́ция с подавле́нием несу́щей — suppressed carrier modulation

модуля́ция толщины́ ба́зы — base thickness [base width] modulation

тона́льная модуля́ция — buzzer [tone] modulation

углова́я модуля́ция — angle modulation

фа́зовая модуля́ция [ФМ] — phase modulation, PM

фа́зовая, относи́тельная модуля́ция — differential phase shift modulation

фа́зово-и́мпульсная модуля́ция [ФИМ] — pulse-position modulation, PPM

модуля́ция фо́ном — hum modulation

часто́тная модуля́ция [ЧМ] — frequency modulation, FM

часто́тная модуля́ция с поднесу́щей — subcarrier frequency modulation

часто́тно-и́мпульсная модуля́ция [ЧИМ] — pulse-frequency modulation, PFM

широ́тно-и́мпульсная модуля́ция [ШИМ] — pulse-duration [pulse-length, pulse-width] modulation, PDM, PWM

шта́рковская модуля́ция — Stark modulation

модуля́ция шу́мом — noise modulation

модуля́ция я́ркости — intensity modulation

модуля́ция я́ркости испо́льзуется для вы́дачи отме́тки це́ли — the (presence of a) target is indicated by intensity modulation

1 area, surface, surface area.

2 domain, area, field, realm.

3 place, locality, region, area.

4 area, room, space.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (zona) area, zone

2 (medida) are

3 (superficie) area

\

área de castigo DEPORTE penalty area

área de gol DEPORTE goal area

área de servicio (en autopista) service area

* * *

* * *

1) (=zona, superficie) area

2) (Inform)

3) (=campo)

4) (=medida) area ( 100 square metres)

5)

* * *

- área chica or pequeña

- área de castigo

- área de reposo

- área de servicio

- área metropolitana

* * *

= area, area, field, front, sphere, domain, zone, bit, radius, area, programme area, service area.

Ex. The area in which standards for bibliographic description have had the most impact is in catalogues and catalogue record data bases.

Ex. An area is a major section of the entry, comprising data of a particular category or serving a particular function.

Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.

Ex. Present auguries on the resource front are not good.

Ex. I am not convinced that people become connoisseurs -- experts: educated and discriminating people in any sphere -- from limited knowledge and experience, no matter how rich in quality.

Ex. The CRONOS data bank includes a FISH domain, with data on catches and fleet statistics, and the COMEXT data bank covers the external trade statistics of fisheries.

Ex. But now the traditional industrial zone is declining and a new 'technopolis' is proposed for the area.

Ex. The assistant in charge of a section will see that their bit is kept tidy and will keep an eye open for thieves.

Ex. The fact that the library can only attract people within a relatively small radius means that it has no alternative but to serve whoever lives -- or works -- in that radius.

Ex. Libraries usually arrange separate areas where current periodicals, maps, government publications, early printed books and manuscripts are housed.

Ex. Now that financial stringencies were the order of the day, libraries had to compete with the more pressing needs of other programme areas, like education, social services, and housing, for dwindling resources.

Ex. The study examined the relative use of different service areas of the library = El estudio analizó al uso relativo de las diferentes zonas de la biblioteca.

----

* análisis de áreas del conocimiento = domain analysis.

* área chica, el = six-yard box, the.

* área clave = key area.

* área de acción = remit.

* área de actuación = area for action, area of policy, policy area.

* área de aplicación comercial = niche.

* área de aterrizaje = landing site, landing area.

* área de comunicación = communications area.

* área de conocimiento = area of study.

* área de conservación del patrimonio = heritage field.

* área de datos específicos de la clase de documento = material (or type of publication) specific details area.

* área de datos matemáticos = mathematical data area.

* área de descanso = rest area, rest stop, lay-by.

* área de descripción = area of description.

* área de descripción física = physical description area.

* área de edición = edition area.

* área de ejemplar = copy area.

* área de encabezamiento = header area.

* área de especialización = niche, area of competence.

* área de estudio = study area, study area.

* área de formación = teaching unit.

* área de influencia = remit.

* área de información = communications area.

* área de interés = field of interest.

* área de la biblioteconomía = library field.

* área del conocimiento = area of knowledge, discipline, subject field, field of activity, knowledge domain, discipline of knowledge.

* área de lectura = reading floor.

* área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.

* área de notas = note area.

* área de numeración de la ficha = card counter area.

* área de préstamo = checkout area.

* área de publicación = publication, distribution etc. area.

* area de publicación o distribución = imprint.

* área de serie = series area, series statement area.

* área de signatura topográfica = shelf list area.

* área de título y de mención de responsabilidad = title and statement of responsibility area.

* área en desarrollo = growth area.

* área específica = niche.

* área flotante del programa = transient program area (TPA).

* área geográfica = geographical area.

* área marginada = deprived area.

* area menos favorecida = less favoured area.

* área metropolitana = metropolitan area, metro area.

* área metropolitana de Londres, el = Greater London.

* área rural = rural region.

* área temática = subject area, subject field, topic area.

* area temática específica = narrow subject area.

* área urbana = urban area.

* área útil = floor area, floor space.

* bibliógrafo especializado en un área temática = area bibliographer.

* conocimiento de un área temática = area knowledge.

* empleado de línea aérea = airline official.

* en el área de + Lugar = Lugar + area.

* en las áreas de = in the areas of.

* especializado en un área temática = domain-specific.

* examen de área = area scanning.

* particular a un área = localised [localized, -USA].

* trabajador en el área de cultura = cultural worker.

* WAN (red de área amplia) = WAN (wide area network).

* * *

- área chica or pequeña

- área de castigo

- área de reposo

- área de servicio

- área metropolitana

* * *

* * *

1 ( Mat) area

2 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (medida agraria) area, square dekameter* ( 100m².)

1 (zona) area

las áreas más afectadas por las inundaciones the areas worst affected by the flooding

2 (campo, ámbito) area

un área de las ciencias donde ha habido poca investigación an area of science where little research has been carried out

3 ( Dep) tb

área de castigo or penalty penalty area

goal area

rest area o stop ( AmE), lay-by ( BrE)

service area, services (pl)

penalty area

metropolitan area, city

goal area

Single Euro Payments Area

* * *

◊ área de castigo penalty area;

* * *

área nf Takes the masculine articles el and un.

1. [zona] area

área metropolitana metropolitan area;

área protegida protected area;

área de servicio [en carretera] service area

2. [ámbito] area;

la investigación en áreas como la inteligencia artificial research in areas such as artificial intelligence;

una carrera del área de Ciencias a university course in a science subject;

el responsable del área económica del partido the person in charge of the party's economic policy

3. [medida] are, = 100 square metres

4. Geom [superficie] area

5. Dep

área pequeña six-yard box

* * *

f area;

área de influencia area of influence

* * *

área nf

: area

* * *

área n

1. (en general) area

2. (en fútbol) penalty area

1 memory.

refrescar la memoria a alguien to refresh somebody's memory

traer a la memoria to call to mind

si la memoria no me engaña o falla if I remember correctly

venir a la memoria to come to mind

tener buena/mala memoria, tener mucha/poca memoria to have a good/bad memory

de memoria by heart

hacer memoria to try to remember

2 remembrance, remembering (recuerdo).

ser de feliz/ingrata memoria to be a happy/an unhappy memory

un monumento en memoria del héroe nacional a memorial to the national hero

memorias memoirs (en literatura)

3 (academic) paper.

4 list, record (lista).

5 memory (computing).

memoria de acceso aleatorio/de sólo lectura random-access/read only memory

memoria expandida/extendida/programable expanded/extended/programmable memory

memoria RAM/ROM RAM/ROM

6 memoir, report, written report of events based on personal observation of the writer.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) memory

■ me falla la memoria my memory is playing tricks on me

2 (informe) report

3 (inventario) inventory

► nombre femenino plural memorias

1 (biografía) memoirs

\

a la memoria de in memory of

de memoria (off) by heart, by memory

hacer memoria to try to remember

si no me falla la memoria... if my memory serves me well/right...

tener buena/mala memoria to have a good/bad memory

traer a la memoria to call to mind

memoria de acceso aleatorio random access memory

memoria de elefante a memory like an elephant

memoria RAM RAM memory

* * *

1) memory

2) report

•

- memorias

* * *

1) (=facultad) memory

- tener una memoria de elefante

2) (=recuerdo) memory

3) (=informe) [gen] report; (Educ) paper

4) (=relación) record

5) (Inform) memory

6) pl memorias

a) (Literat) (=autobiografía) memoirs, records

b) †

* * *

1) ( facultad) memory

2) ( recuerdo) memory

3) memorias femenino plural (Lit) memoirs (pl)

4) (Inf) memory

- memoria RAM/ROM

- memoria virtual

5)

a) (Adm, Com) report

b) (Educ) written paper

* * *

1) ( facultad) memory

2) ( recuerdo) memory

3) memorias femenino plural (Lit) memoirs (pl)

4) (Inf) memory

- memoria RAM/ROM

- memoria virtual

5)

a) (Adm, Com) report

b) (Educ) written paper

* * *

memoria¹

¹ = memory [memories, -pl.].

memoria²

² = report.

Nota: Documento que presenta el resultado de las actividades de un individuo o una organización.

* * *

A (facultad) memory

tener mucha or buena/poca or mala memoria to have a good/poor o bad memory

tiene muy mala memoria para los números she has a terrible memory for numbers

tiene una memoria fotográfica/prodigiosa he has a photographic/prodigious memory

si la memoria no me falla if my memory serves me right o correctly o well, if I remember rightly ( colloq)

esa escena se me ha quedado grabada en la memoria that scene has remained etched on my memory, I'll never forget that scene

desde que tengo memoria se han llevado mal they've got on badly for as long as I can remember

pérdida progresiva de la memoria gradual loss of memory

¡qué memoria la mía! what a memory I have!

se sabe todo el poema de memoria she knows the whole poem off by heart

tenemos que aprenderlo de memoria para mañana we have to learn it by heart for tomorrow

quizás me equivoque, estoy citando de memoria I may have it wrong, I'm quoting from memory

se me había borrado totalmente de la memoria I'd completely forgotten about it, it had been completely erased from my memory ( liter)

ya puedes ir refrescando la memoria: te presté $50 allow me to refresh o jog your memory: I lent you $50

dos cosas saltan de inmediato a la memoria two things immediately come o spring to mind

la canción me trajo aquel episodio a la memoria the song brought back that whole affair

al oír su nombre ¡cuántos recuerdos me vienen a la memoria! hearing her name brings back so many memories!

su nombre no me viene a la memoria I can't remember his name

hacer memoria: trata de hacer memoria try to remember o ( frml) recall

seguro que te acuerdas, haz memoria of course you can remember, think hard

tener una memoria de elefante to have an incredible memory

collective memory

( Psic) working memory

B (recuerdo) memory

un incidente de triste memoria a lamentable incident

respetar/profanar la memoria de algn to respect/blacken the memory of sb

una novela digna de memoria a novel worth remembering

a la or en memoria de algn in memory of sb

se guardó un minuto de silencio/se celebró una misa en su memoria there was a minute's silence/a service was held in his memory

un monumento a la or en memoria de los caídos a memorial to those killed o to the fallen ( liter)

C memorias fpl ( Lit) memoirs (pl)

D ( Inf) memory

backing store

external/internal memory

flash drive

RAM/ROM

working storage

virtual memory

1 ( Adm, Com) report

memoria anual annual report

2 ( Educ) written paper

F ( ant)

(saludo): darle or mandarle memorias a algn to give o send sb one's regards

* * *

◊ tener buena/mala memoria to have a good/poor memory;

◊ memorias sustantivo femenino plural (Lit) memoirs (pl)

a) (Adm, Com) report;

◊ memoria anual annual report

b) (Educ) written paper

* * *

memoria nf

1. [capacidad de recordar] memory;

tener buena/mala memoria, tener mucha/poca memoria to have a good/bad memory;

tengo mala memoria o [m5] no tengo buena memoria para las caras I'm not very good at remembering faces;

borrar algo de la memoria to erase sth from one's memory;

de memoria by heart;

recita poemas de memoria she recites poems from memory;

falta de memoria forgetfulness;

ser flaco de memoria to be forgetful;

hacer memoria to try to remember;

se me fue de la memoria it slipped my mind;

perdió la memoria she lost her memory;

su nombre se me quedó grabado en la memoria his name remained etched on my memory;

refrescar la memoria a alguien to refresh sb's memory;

si la memoria no me engaña o [m5] falla if I remember correctly;

tener (una) memoria fotográfica to have a photographic memory;

me trae a la memoria los tiempos de antes de la guerra it calls to mind the years before the war;

esto me trae a la memoria el colegio this reminds me of when I was at school;

venir a la memoria to come to mind;

ahora no me viene a la memoria I can't think of it right now;

tener (una) memoria de elefante to have an excellent memory

2. Informát memory

memoria alta high memory;

memoria de burbuja bubble memory;

memoria caché cache memory;

memoria convencional conventional memory;

memoria expandida expanded memory;

memoria extendida extended memory;

memoria intermedia buffer;

memoria principal main memory;

memoria programable programmable memory;

memoria RAM RAM;

memoria ROM ROM;

memoria de sólo lectura read-only memory;

memoria virtual virtual memory

3. [recuerdo] remembrance, remembering;

conservar la memoria de algo/alguien to remember sth/sb;

ser de feliz/ingrata memoria to be a happy/an unhappy memory;

un día de triste memoria a sad day (to remember);

digno de memoria memorable;

en memoria de in memory of;

un monumento en memoria del héroe nacional a memorial to the national hero

4. [disertación] (academic) paper ( sobre on)

5. [informe]

6. [lista] list, record

7.

ha escrito unas o [m5] sus memorias she has written her memoirs

* * *

1 tb

si no me falla la memoria if my memory serves me well;

traer a la memoria remind;

venir a la memoria come to mind;

hacer memoria remember;

de memoria by heart

2 ( informe) report;

memorias pl ( biografía) memoirs

* * *

memoria nf

1) : memory

de memoria: by heart

hacer memoria: to try to remember

traer a la memoria: to call to mind

2) recuerdo: remembrance, memory

su memoria perdurará para siempre: his memory will live forever

3) : report

memoria annual: annual report

4) memorias nfpl

: memoirs

* * *

memoria n memory [pl. memories]

saber algo de memoria to know something off by heart [pt. knew; pp. known]

рус Гемоглобинурия вследствие гемолиза, вызванного другими внешними причинами

eng Haemoglobinuria due to haemolysis from other external causes. Haemoglobinuria: from exertion, march, paroxysmal cold. Use additional external cause code (Chapter XX), if desired, to identify cause. (Excludes: ) haemoglobinuria NOS ( R82.3)

рус Апластическая анемия, вызванная другими внешними агентами

eng Aplastic anaemia due to other external agents. Use additional external cause code (Chapter XX), if desired, to identify cause

рус Другие уточненные болезни спинного мозга

eng Other specified diseases of spinal cord. Cord bladder NOS. Myelopathy: drug-induced, radiation-induced. Use additional external cause code (Chapter XX), if desired, to identify external agent. (Excludes: ) neurogenic bladder: NOS ( N31.9), due to cauda equina syndrome ( G83.4), neuromuscular dysfunction of bladder without mention of spinal cord lesion ( N31.-)