even+once

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.

cerno, crēvi, crētum ( part. pass. cretus is apparently used only once:

cineris bene creti,

Pall. 12, 22, 3; but freq. in the compounds of cerno; for the simple part., the orig. form certus also is very rarely used:

certā deinde sorte senatus consultum factum est,

Liv. 36, 2, 2; v. under II. C., and cf. certus), 3, v. a. [root car- for scar-, to separate; cf. krinô; hence, skôr, stercus, screo; cf. cera].

To separate, sift (rare):

per cribrum, Cato. R. R. 107, 1: farinam cribro,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 115; cf. id. 33, 5, 26, § 87; Pall. Jun. 1; Veg. 3, 28, 6:

in cribris omnia cerne cavis,

Ov. Med. Fac. 62; cf.:

per densa foramina,

id. ib. 89:

cineris bene creti,

well sifted, Pall. Nov. 22.—Far more freq.,

Trop.

To separate, distinguish by the senses, mostly by the eyes, i. e. to perceive, see, discern (syn.: video, conspicio; class. in prose and poetry; most freq. probably in Lucretius, where it is used about a hundred times); rarely by the ears; v. infra: lumen jubarve in caelo cerno? [p. 319] Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.;

7, § 76 ib.: sed quis illic est, procul quem video? estne hic Hegio? si satis cerno, is hercle'st,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 85:

tum porro varios rerum sentimus odores, nec tamen ad nareis venienteis cernimus umquam: nec voces cernere suemus,

Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 598:

quod nequeunt oculis rerum primordia cerni,

id. 1, 269; v. also id. 2, 314 sq.; 4, 242; cf. id. 2, 837:

acute,

id. 4, 811; cf.:

cerno acutum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 26:

altaria exhalare vapore,

Lucr. 3, 432; 2, 928 al.—Hence, sometimes opp. to hearing:

ut non solum auribus acciperetur, sed etiam oculis cerneretur,

Nep. Timol. 2, 2;

or to mental perception: quem ego tam video animo, quam ea, quae oculis cernimus,

Cic. Fam. 6, 3, 2:

nos enim ne nunc quidem oculis cernimus ea, quae videmus,

id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46:

quae cernere et videre non possumus,

id. de Or. 3, 40, 161; cf. id. Rep. 6, 20, 21 sq.:

ego Catuli Cumanum ex hoc loco cerno, Pompeianum non cerno,

id. Ac. 2, 25, 80:

ut ea cernimus quae videmus,

id. Mil. 29, 79:

omnia sic aperiam, ut ea cernere oculis videamini,

id. Clu. 24, 66:

coram aliquid,

to witness, Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Verg. A. 2, 538:

aliquem,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21:

acies a nostris cernebatur,

id. B. C. 3, 69:

in sole sidera ipsa desinunt cerni,

Quint. 8, 5, 29:

simile quiddam facientes aves cernimus,

id. 2, 6, 7:

me miserum, turbā quod non ego cernar in illā,

Ov. P. 4, 4, 43:

Constitit alma Venus, nulli cernenda,

id. M. 15, 844; Curt. 8, 13, 16; Tac. A. 1, 59.—With acc. and inf.: sensumque inesse et motum in membris cerno, Canius ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.:

neque mutari ac misceri omnia cerneres,

Sall. C. 2, 3: quos ad resistendum concucurrisse cernebat, * Suet. Caes. 15 fin.:

cernis ut insultent Rutuli?

Verg. A. 10, 20:

cerne quam tenui vos parte contingat,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

cerneres, quanta audacia fuisset, etc.,

Sall. C. 61, 1.— Impers. with acc. and inf.:

cernebatur, novissimos illorum premi vehementer,

Caes. B. C. 1, 64 Herz. N. cr. — So impers. with rel. -clause:

ut non solum auribus acciperetur, sed etiam oculis cerneretur quem detulisset,

Nep. Timol. 2, 2. —Ante-class., of the hearing: vox illius certe est: idem omnes cernimus, Att. ap. Non. p. 261, 11, and perh. also, Titin. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.—Hence,

Cerni aliquā re or in aliquā re, to become distinguished or known in something:

fortis animus et magnus duabus rebus maxime cernitur,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 66; so id. Tusc. 5, 8, 22: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64:

atque hae quidem virtutes cernuntur in agendo,

Cic. Part. Or. 23, 78; id. Top. 21, 80 (also in Quint. 3, 5, 18).—

Have before the mind, have respect to, regard any one:

ubi gratus, si non eum ipsi cernunt grati, cui referunt gratiam?

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—

Transf. to intellectual objects, to perceive, comprehend, understand (syn.:

intellego, cognosco, perspicio): neque tanta in rebus obscuritas, ut eas (res) non penitus acri vir ingenio cernat, si modo aspexerit,

Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 124:

jam cernam mene an illam potiorem putes, id. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 20: (antiquitas) hoc melius ea fortasse, quae erant vera, cernebat,

id. ib. 1, 12, 26; id. Fin. 1, 19, 64; id. Top. 5, 27; id. N. D. 1, 19, 49; id. Fam. 5, 12, 2:

quae cum ego non solum suspicarer, sed plane cernerem,

id. Agr. 2, 4, 9; id. de Or. 3, 31, 124:

ut consuetum facile amorem cerneres,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 108.—Hence,

Rarely of future events, to foresee, discern beforehand:

cerno animo sepultā in patriā miseros atque insepultos acervos civium,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:

cerno jam animo, quanto omnia uberiora atque ornatiora futura sint,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 2.—

To decide something that is contested or doubtful (judicially), to decree, determine (more rare than decernere):

quotcumque senatus creverit populusque jusserit tot sunto,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 8:

quodcumque senatus creverit agunto,

id. ib. 3, 3, 8, § 6: jurati cernant. Pac. ap. Non. p. 261, 13:

illum locum tempusque consilio destinatum quid de Armeniā cernerent,

Tac. A. 15, 14:

priusquam id sors cerneret,

Liv. 43, 12, 2:

certā sorte,

after the lot was decided, id. 36, 2, 2.—Hence,

To decide by contending or fighting (more rare than the freq. certare, and even in Seneca's time out of use; cf. Sen. Ep. 58, 3): ferro non auro vitam ( acc. respect = de vitā) cernamus utrique, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; id. ap. Non. p. 261, 19, and ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.; Pac. ap. Non. p. 261, 21: nisi esset qui armis secum vellet cernere, Att. ap. Non. p. 261, 17:

cernere ferro,

Verg. A. 12, 709 (also ap. Sen. Ep. 58, 3); so,

cernere certamen,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 15; id. Cas. 3, 1, 2; Lucr. 5, 394: pro patriā, pro liberis, pro aris atque focis suis, * Sall. C. 59, 5 Kritz N. cr. (al. certare):

seu libeat duplicem sejunctim cernere martem,

Tib. 4, 1, 103.—Humorously, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 77.—

In gen., to decide for something, to conclude upon, resolve (syn.: constituo, decerno; also rare): praesidium castris educere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 261, 5:

acribus inter se cum armis confligere,

id. ib. p. 261, 6:

te mihi amicam esse crevi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 1 (crevi valet constitui, Varr. L. L. 7, § 98 Müll.); Cat. 64, 150.—Hence,

In judic. lang. t. t., of inheritances.

To resolve to enter upon an inheritance, Varr. L. L. 7, § 98 Müll.; cf. Tit. 22, 27, and cretio.—

To make known this determination, Tit. 22, 28 and 30; Cic. Att. 11, 2, 1.—

= adire, to enter upon an inheritance, Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 40; Liv. 24, 25, 3; 40, 8, 17; Plin. Ep. 10, 79, 2; Quint. Decl. 261; Fest. p. 41.—

Trop.:

debet etiam fratris Appii amorem erga me cum reliquā hereditate crevisse,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 10; so id. Fam. 9, 14, 4; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—P. a. v. certus.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.

con-tingo, tĭgi, tactum, 3, v. a. and n. [tango], to touch on all sides. to touch, take hold of, seize (very freq. in all periods and species of composition).

Lit.

In gen.:

facile cibum terrestrem rostris,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

funem manu,

Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. M. 2, 151:

munera Cerealia dextrā,

id. ib. 11, 122:

undas pede,

id. ib. 2, 457:

focos ore tremente,

id. Tr. 1, 3, 44:

terram osculo,

Liv. 1, 56, 12:

ora nati sacro medicamine,

Ov. M. 2, 123; cf. id. ib. 14, 607:

montes suo igni (sol),

Lucr. 4, 407; cf. Cat. 64, 408, and Suet. Ner. 6:

cibos sale modico,

to sprinkle, Cels. 2, 24: sidera comā ( poet. designation for a very great height), Ov. F. 3, 34; cf.:

nubes aërio vertice (Taurus),

Tib. 1, 7, 15: summa sidera plantis, to reach the stars (a poet. designation of great prosperity), Prop. 1, 8, 43:

mitem taurum,

Ov. M. 2, 860; cf. id. ib. 8, 423:

glebam,

id. ib. 11, 111:

paene terram (luna),

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91:

caules (vitis),

id. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

dextras consulum (as a friendly greeting or congratulation),

Liv. 28, 9, 6; so,

manum,

Vell. 2, 104, 5; 2, 107, 4.—

With partic. access. ideas.

To eat, partake of, taste ( poet.):

neque illinc Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 113:

cibos ore,

Ov. M. 5, 531:

aquas,

id. ib. 15, 281:

fontem,

id. ib. 3, 409.—

To touch impurely (very rare):

corpus corpore,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 204.—

To touch, i. e. to be near, neighboring, or contiguous, to border upon, to reach, extend to; with acc., dat., or inter se; with acc.:

Helvi, qui fines Arvernorum contingunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 7 fin.:

turri adactā et contingente vallum,

id. ib. 5, 43; cf.:

in saltu Vescino Falernum contingente agrum,

Liv. 10, 21, 8:

praesidium coloniarum Illyricum contingentium,

Suet. Aug. 25. —With dat.:

ut radices montis ex utrāque parte ripae fluminis contingant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38.—With inter se:

ut (milites) contingant inter se atque omnem munitionem expleant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23.—

With the idea of motion, to reach something by moving, to attain to, reach, come to, arrive at, meet with, etc. (mostly poet.); with acc.:

optatam metam cursu,

Hor. A. P. 412:

Ephyren pennis,

Ov. M. 7, 392:

Italiam,

Verg. A. 5, 18:

fines Illyricos,

Ov. M. 4, 568:

Creten,

id. ib. 8, 100:

Cadmeïda arcem,

id. ib. 6, 217:

rapidas Phasidos undas,

id. ib. 7, 6:

auras,

to come into the air, id. ib. 15, 416 al.:

avem ferro,

to hit, Verg. A. 5, 509; cf. Ov M. 8, 351: ullum mortalem (vox mea), id. id. 2, 578; cf.

thus aures,

id. ib. 1, 211; and aures fando, with the acc. and inf., id. ib. 15, 497: aevi florem, to come to or reach the flower of age, Lucr. 1, 565.—

Trop.

In gen., to touch, to seize upon, affect (rare). multitudo agrestium, quos in aliquā suā fortunā publica quoque contingebat cura, Liv. 22, 10, 8:

contactus nullis ante cupidinibus,

Prop. 1, 1, 2:

quam me manifesta libido contigit!

Ov. M. 9, 484: animum curā. Val. Fl. 7, 173; cf.:

aliquem (curā), contacti simili sorte,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 78. —Far more freq.,

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To touch with pollution, to pollute, stain, defile, etc.; so generally in part. perf. (as a verb. finit. the kindr. contamino was in use):

(Gallos) contactos eo scelere velut injectā rabie ad arma ituros,

Liv. 21, 48, 3; so,

contacta civitas rabie duorum juvenum,

id. 4, 9, 10:

omnes eā violatione templi,

id. 29, 8, 11 (for which id. 29, 18, 8:

nefandà praedā se ipsos ac domos contaminare suas): plebs regiā praedā,

id. 2, 5, 2; cf. id. 4, 15, 8:

equi candidi et nullo mortali opere contacti,

Tac. G. 10: dies (sc. Alliensis) religione, [p. 450] Liv. 6, 28, 6:

pectora vitiis,

Tac. Or. 12.—Once absol.:

contactus ensis,

Sen. Hippol. 714.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) With aliquem aliquā re or only aliquem, to be connected with or related to, to concern:

ut quisque tam foede interemptos aut propinquitate aut amicitiā contingebat,

Liv. 25, 8, 2:

aliquem sanguine ac genere,

id. 45, 7, 3; 24, 22, 14:

aliquem artissimo gradu,

Suet. Aug. 4:

domum Caesarum nullo gradu,

id. Galb. 2; cf. absol.:

deos (i. e. Maecenatem et Augustum) quoniam propius contingis,

have more ready access to the great, Hor. S. 2, 6, 52:

Sabinum modico usu,

to have little intercourse with, Tac. A. 4, 68:

multis in Italiā contactis gentibus Punici belli societate,

Liv. 31, 8, 11; cf.:

si crĭmine contingantur,

have part in, Dig. 11, 4, 1:

haec consultatio Romanos nihil contingit,

concerns not, Liv. 34, 22, 12; cf.:

quae (causa) nihil eo facto contingitur,

id. 40, 14, 9.—

(Acc. to I. B. 4.) To attain to, reach, arrive at something, to come to (very rare):

quam regionem cum superavit animus naturamque sui similem contigit et agnovit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43.—

With and without dat. of person; of occurrences, to happen to one, to befall, fall to one's lot, to succeed in, obtain a thing; and absol., to happen, fall to, turn out, come to pass (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition; in gen., of favorable, but sometimes of indifferent, or even adverse occurrences).

With dat.:

cui tam subito tot contigerint commoda,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

haec tot propter me gaudia illi contigisse laetor,

id. Hec. 5, 3, 35:

quod isti (Crasso) contigit uni,

Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; 1, 35, 164; id. Off. 1, 43, 153; id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 115; 12, 11, 29; Suet. Caes. 35; id. Calig. 3, 10 et saep.; Ov. M. 3, 321; 11, 268; 15, 443; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 46; 1, 4, 10; 1, 17, 9 et saep.:

cum tanto plura bene dicendi exempla supersint quam illis contigerunt,

Quint. 10, 2, 28: quam mihi maxime hic hodie contigerit malum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 268, 12:

quod (sc. servitus) potentibus populis saepe contigit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; id. Cat. 1, 7, 16:

cum miseri animi essent, quod plerisque contingeret,

id. N. D. 1, 11, 27; id. Phil. 14, 8, 24; id. Fam. 5, 16, 5; id. Sen. 19, 71; id. Off. 2, 14, 50; 2, 19, 65; id. Fam. 11, 16, 2 al.: quoties ipsi testatori aliquid contingit, a misfortune befalls, etc., Dig. 28, 3, 6:

si quid ei humanitus contigerit,

ib. 34, 4, 30 fin. (cf. ib. § 2: sive in viā aliquid mihi humanitus acciderit, and v. 2. accido, II. B.).— Impers. with inf.:

non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36:

mihi Romae nutriri atque doceri,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41:

mihi recusare principatum,

Vell. 2, 124, 2:

mihi cognoscere (eos),

Quint. 12, 11, 3; 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25; 6, 1, 4 al.—And, at the same time, a dat. of the predicate (post-class. and rare):

quo tempore mihi fratrique meo destinari praetoribus contigit,

Vell. 2, 124, 4:

maximo tibi et civi et duci evadere contigit,

Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 2 (in Ov. M. 11, 220, the better read. is nepotem); cf. Haase in Reisig. Lect. p. 794 sq.—With ut:

volo hoc oratori contingat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 84, 290; id. Off. 1, 1, 3; id. Phil. 5, 18, 49; Quint. 11, 2, 51 al. —

With acc. (very rare):

sors Tyrrhenum contigit,

fell upon Tyrrhenus, Vell. 1, 1 fin.:

Italiam palma frugum,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 109.—

Absol. (very freq.):

hanc mi expetivi, contigit,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

quod si nulla contingit excusatio,

Quint. 11, 1, 81:

ubi quid melius contingit et unctius,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 44 et saep.—With abl.:

quia memoria atque actio naturā non arte contingant,

Quint. 3, 3, 4; so id. 1, 1, 33; 2, 2, 11 al.—With ex:

gratia, quae continget ex sermone puro atque dilucido,

Quint. 11, 1, 53; so id. 8, 3, 70:

ex eādem brassicā contingunt aestivi autumnalesque cauliculi,

arise, spring, Plin. 19, 8, 41, § 138 al.:

nihil horum nisi in complexu loquendi serieque contingit,

Quint. 1, 5, 3.—With inf.:

fingere cinctutis non exaudita Cethegis Continget,

Hor. A. P. 51; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25:

concitare invidiam, etc.... liberius in peroratione contingit,

id. 6, 1, 14.—With ut:

quod nunquam opinatus fui... id contigit, ut salvi poteremur domi,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 32; so Quint. 4, 1, 7; 9, 3, 72; 11, 2, 39.

con-tingo ( - tinguo), ĕre, v. a., to wet, moisten (perh. only in Lucr. and Verg.).

Lit.:

oras, pocula circum mellis liquore,

Lucr. 1, 938:

semina rerum colore,

id. 2, 755:

lac parco sale,

to sprinkle, Verg. G. 3, 403:

tonsum corpus amurcā,

id. ib. 3, 448. —

Trop.:

musaeo contingens cuncta lepore,

Lucr. 1, 934 and 947; 4, 9 and 22.

con-tingo, tĭgi, tactum, 3, v. a. and n. [tango], to touch on all sides. to touch, take hold of, seize (very freq. in all periods and species of composition).

Lit.

In gen.:

facile cibum terrestrem rostris,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

funem manu,

Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. M. 2, 151:

munera Cerealia dextrā,

id. ib. 11, 122:

undas pede,

id. ib. 2, 457:

focos ore tremente,

id. Tr. 1, 3, 44:

terram osculo,

Liv. 1, 56, 12:

ora nati sacro medicamine,

Ov. M. 2, 123; cf. id. ib. 14, 607:

montes suo igni (sol),

Lucr. 4, 407; cf. Cat. 64, 408, and Suet. Ner. 6:

cibos sale modico,

to sprinkle, Cels. 2, 24: sidera comā ( poet. designation for a very great height), Ov. F. 3, 34; cf.:

nubes aërio vertice (Taurus),

Tib. 1, 7, 15: summa sidera plantis, to reach the stars (a poet. designation of great prosperity), Prop. 1, 8, 43:

mitem taurum,

Ov. M. 2, 860; cf. id. ib. 8, 423:

glebam,

id. ib. 11, 111:

paene terram (luna),

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91:

caules (vitis),

id. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

dextras consulum (as a friendly greeting or congratulation),

Liv. 28, 9, 6; so,

manum,

Vell. 2, 104, 5; 2, 107, 4.—

With partic. access. ideas.

To eat, partake of, taste ( poet.):

neque illinc Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 113:

cibos ore,

Ov. M. 5, 531:

aquas,

id. ib. 15, 281:

fontem,

id. ib. 3, 409.—

To touch impurely (very rare):

corpus corpore,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 204.—

To touch, i. e. to be near, neighboring, or contiguous, to border upon, to reach, extend to; with acc., dat., or inter se; with acc.:

Helvi, qui fines Arvernorum contingunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 7 fin.:

turri adactā et contingente vallum,

id. ib. 5, 43; cf.:

in saltu Vescino Falernum contingente agrum,

Liv. 10, 21, 8:

praesidium coloniarum Illyricum contingentium,

Suet. Aug. 25. —With dat.:

ut radices montis ex utrāque parte ripae fluminis contingant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38.—With inter se:

ut (milites) contingant inter se atque omnem munitionem expleant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23.—

With the idea of motion, to reach something by moving, to attain to, reach, come to, arrive at, meet with, etc. (mostly poet.); with acc.:

optatam metam cursu,

Hor. A. P. 412:

Ephyren pennis,

Ov. M. 7, 392:

Italiam,

Verg. A. 5, 18:

fines Illyricos,

Ov. M. 4, 568:

Creten,

id. ib. 8, 100:

Cadmeïda arcem,

id. ib. 6, 217:

rapidas Phasidos undas,

id. ib. 7, 6:

auras,

to come into the air, id. ib. 15, 416 al.:

avem ferro,

to hit, Verg. A. 5, 509; cf. Ov M. 8, 351: ullum mortalem (vox mea), id. id. 2, 578; cf.

thus aures,

id. ib. 1, 211; and aures fando, with the acc. and inf., id. ib. 15, 497: aevi florem, to come to or reach the flower of age, Lucr. 1, 565.—

Trop.

In gen., to touch, to seize upon, affect (rare). multitudo agrestium, quos in aliquā suā fortunā publica quoque contingebat cura, Liv. 22, 10, 8:

contactus nullis ante cupidinibus,

Prop. 1, 1, 2:

quam me manifesta libido contigit!

Ov. M. 9, 484: animum curā. Val. Fl. 7, 173; cf.:

aliquem (curā), contacti simili sorte,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 78. —Far more freq.,

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To touch with pollution, to pollute, stain, defile, etc.; so generally in part. perf. (as a verb. finit. the kindr. contamino was in use):

(Gallos) contactos eo scelere velut injectā rabie ad arma ituros,

Liv. 21, 48, 3; so,

contacta civitas rabie duorum juvenum,

id. 4, 9, 10:

omnes eā violatione templi,

id. 29, 8, 11 (for which id. 29, 18, 8:

nefandà praedā se ipsos ac domos contaminare suas): plebs regiā praedā,

id. 2, 5, 2; cf. id. 4, 15, 8:

equi candidi et nullo mortali opere contacti,

Tac. G. 10: dies (sc. Alliensis) religione, [p. 450] Liv. 6, 28, 6:

pectora vitiis,

Tac. Or. 12.—Once absol.:

contactus ensis,

Sen. Hippol. 714.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) With aliquem aliquā re or only aliquem, to be connected with or related to, to concern:

ut quisque tam foede interemptos aut propinquitate aut amicitiā contingebat,

Liv. 25, 8, 2:

aliquem sanguine ac genere,

id. 45, 7, 3; 24, 22, 14:

aliquem artissimo gradu,

Suet. Aug. 4:

domum Caesarum nullo gradu,

id. Galb. 2; cf. absol.:

deos (i. e. Maecenatem et Augustum) quoniam propius contingis,

have more ready access to the great, Hor. S. 2, 6, 52:

Sabinum modico usu,

to have little intercourse with, Tac. A. 4, 68:

multis in Italiā contactis gentibus Punici belli societate,

Liv. 31, 8, 11; cf.:

si crĭmine contingantur,

have part in, Dig. 11, 4, 1:

haec consultatio Romanos nihil contingit,

concerns not, Liv. 34, 22, 12; cf.:

quae (causa) nihil eo facto contingitur,

id. 40, 14, 9.—

(Acc. to I. B. 4.) To attain to, reach, arrive at something, to come to (very rare):

quam regionem cum superavit animus naturamque sui similem contigit et agnovit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43.—

With and without dat. of person; of occurrences, to happen to one, to befall, fall to one's lot, to succeed in, obtain a thing; and absol., to happen, fall to, turn out, come to pass (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition; in gen., of favorable, but sometimes of indifferent, or even adverse occurrences).

With dat.:

cui tam subito tot contigerint commoda,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

haec tot propter me gaudia illi contigisse laetor,

id. Hec. 5, 3, 35:

quod isti (Crasso) contigit uni,

Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; 1, 35, 164; id. Off. 1, 43, 153; id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 115; 12, 11, 29; Suet. Caes. 35; id. Calig. 3, 10 et saep.; Ov. M. 3, 321; 11, 268; 15, 443; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 46; 1, 4, 10; 1, 17, 9 et saep.:

cum tanto plura bene dicendi exempla supersint quam illis contigerunt,

Quint. 10, 2, 28: quam mihi maxime hic hodie contigerit malum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 268, 12:

quod (sc. servitus) potentibus populis saepe contigit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; id. Cat. 1, 7, 16:

cum miseri animi essent, quod plerisque contingeret,

id. N. D. 1, 11, 27; id. Phil. 14, 8, 24; id. Fam. 5, 16, 5; id. Sen. 19, 71; id. Off. 2, 14, 50; 2, 19, 65; id. Fam. 11, 16, 2 al.: quoties ipsi testatori aliquid contingit, a misfortune befalls, etc., Dig. 28, 3, 6:

si quid ei humanitus contigerit,

ib. 34, 4, 30 fin. (cf. ib. § 2: sive in viā aliquid mihi humanitus acciderit, and v. 2. accido, II. B.).— Impers. with inf.:

non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36:

mihi Romae nutriri atque doceri,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41:

mihi recusare principatum,

Vell. 2, 124, 2:

mihi cognoscere (eos),

Quint. 12, 11, 3; 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25; 6, 1, 4 al.—And, at the same time, a dat. of the predicate (post-class. and rare):

quo tempore mihi fratrique meo destinari praetoribus contigit,

Vell. 2, 124, 4:

maximo tibi et civi et duci evadere contigit,

Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 2 (in Ov. M. 11, 220, the better read. is nepotem); cf. Haase in Reisig. Lect. p. 794 sq.—With ut:

volo hoc oratori contingat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 84, 290; id. Off. 1, 1, 3; id. Phil. 5, 18, 49; Quint. 11, 2, 51 al. —

With acc. (very rare):

sors Tyrrhenum contigit,

fell upon Tyrrhenus, Vell. 1, 1 fin.:

Italiam palma frugum,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 109.—

Absol. (very freq.):

hanc mi expetivi, contigit,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

quod si nulla contingit excusatio,

Quint. 11, 1, 81:

ubi quid melius contingit et unctius,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 44 et saep.—With abl.:

quia memoria atque actio naturā non arte contingant,

Quint. 3, 3, 4; so id. 1, 1, 33; 2, 2, 11 al.—With ex:

gratia, quae continget ex sermone puro atque dilucido,

Quint. 11, 1, 53; so id. 8, 3, 70:

ex eādem brassicā contingunt aestivi autumnalesque cauliculi,

arise, spring, Plin. 19, 8, 41, § 138 al.:

nihil horum nisi in complexu loquendi serieque contingit,

Quint. 1, 5, 3.—With inf.:

fingere cinctutis non exaudita Cethegis Continget,

Hor. A. P. 51; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25:

concitare invidiam, etc.... liberius in peroratione contingit,

id. 6, 1, 14.—With ut:

quod nunquam opinatus fui... id contigit, ut salvi poteremur domi,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 32; so Quint. 4, 1, 7; 9, 3, 72; 11, 2, 39.

con-tingo ( - tinguo), ĕre, v. a., to wet, moisten (perh. only in Lucr. and Verg.).

Lit.:

oras, pocula circum mellis liquore,

Lucr. 1, 938:

semina rerum colore,

id. 2, 755:

lac parco sale,

to sprinkle, Verg. G. 3, 403:

tonsum corpus amurcā,

id. ib. 3, 448. —

Trop.:

musaeo contingens cuncta lepore,

Lucr. 1, 934 and 947; 4, 9 and 22.

dēnĭquē, adv. [etym. dub.; perh. dēnĭ, locative of de, and que].

Orig. denoting succession in time, and thereupon, and then, in the sequel.

In gen. (rare—for syn. cf.:

tum, demum, tandem, postremo): omnes negabant... denique hercle jam pudebat,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 8:

risu omnes qui aderant emoriri. Denique Metuebant omnes jam me,

id. Eun. 3, 1, 42:

ille imperat reliquis civitatibus obsides. Denique ei rei constituit diem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 64:

ferme ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt post principia denique,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 4.—In the interrogatory formula:

quid denique agitis?

and what did you do then? Plaut. Bac. 2, 3, 60: id. Truc. 2, 4, 47.—More freq.,

Pregn., ending a period, at last, at length; lastly, finally:

boat caelum fremitu virum... Denique, ut voluimus, nostra superat manus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 12; Ter. And. 1, 1, 120:

nisi quia lubet experiri, quo evasuru 'st denique,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 93; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 8; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 71:

Nil nostri miserere? mori me denique coges,

Verg. E. 2, 7:

quid jam misero mihi denique restat?

id. A. 2, 70; 2, 295 al.—

Strengthened by ad extremum, ad postremum, or tandem:

boni nescio quomodo tardiores sunt, et principiis rerum neglectis ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

Cic. Sest. 47:

victus denique ad postremum est,

Just. 12, 16 fin.; 37, 1 fin.: et tandem denique devorato pudore ad Milonem aio, Ap. M. 2, p. 121.—

Sometimes of that which happens after a long delay = tandem:

quae (sc. urbana) ego diu ignorans, ex tuis jucundissimis litteris a. d. V. Cal. Jan. denique cognovi,

Cic. Att. 5, 20, 8:

aliquam mihi partem hodie operae des denique, jam tandem ades ilico,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 40.—

With the particles tum, nunc, or an abl. of time (nearly = demum), just. precisely:

tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona, cum, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 39:

qui convenit polliceri operam suam reip. tum denique, si necessitate cogentur? etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 6;

so tum denique,

id. Quint. 13, 43; id. Tusc. 3, 31, 75; id. de Sen. 23, 82; id. Fin. 1, 19, 64 et saep.;

and separated,

id. Lael. 22, 84; id. Caecin. 34 fin.:

tantum accessit, ut mihi nunc denique amare videar, antea dilexisse,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 5; cf. id. Quint. 13:

ne is, de cujus officio nemo umquam dubitavit, sexagesimo denique anno dedecore notetur,

id. ib. 31, 99; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 4; id. B. C. 1, 5, 2; Sall. J. 105, 3.—

Like demum with pronouns, to give emphasis:

si qua metu dempto casta est, ea denique casta est,

Ov. Am. 3, 4, 3:

is enim denique honos mihi videri solet, qui, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 10, 10; cf.:

eo denique,

Cic. Quint. 11, 38.—

With vix (like vix demum):

posita vix denique mensa,

Ov. Her. 16, 215.—

Transf., in enumerations.

Like dein (deinde) followed by postremo, or ad postremum (rare):

denique sequitur... postremo si est, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 7, 19, 113:

omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23 fin.; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; cf. id. Fam. 2, 15, 4:

primum illis cum Lucanis bellum fuit.. Denique Alexander rex Epiri.. cum omnibus copiis ab his deletus est.. ad postremum Agathocles, etc.,

Just. 23, 1, 15. —

Pregn., to introduce the last of a series, finally, lastly, in fine (the usual meaning of the word; cf.:

postremo, novissime, ad extremum): consilium ceperunt... ut nomen hujus de parricidio deferrent, ut ad eam rem aliquem accusatorem veterem compararent... denique ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; cf. id. Rep. 1, 43; Ov. Tr. 2, 231: cur etiam secundo proelio aliquos ex suis amitteret? cur vulnerari pateretur optime de se meritos milites? [p. 546] cur denique fortunam periclitaretur? Caes. B. C. 1, 72, 2:

aut denique,

Cic. Arch, 6, 12:

qui denique,

id. Rep. 1, 17:

tum denique,

Verg. G. 2, 369 et saep.:

cum de moribus, de virtutibus, denique de republica disputet (Socrates),

Cic. Rep. 1, 10:

mathematici, poetae, musici, medici denique, etc.,

id. Fin. 5, 3, 7:

denique etiam,

id. Fl. 4, 9:

primum omnium me ipsum vigilare, etc.: deinde magnos animos esse in bonis viris..: deos denique immortales. auxilium esse laturos,

id. Cat. 2, 9.—

Freq. in ascending to a climax, or to a higher or more general expression, in a word, in fine, in short, briefly, even, in fact, indeed:

quis hunc hominem rite dixerit, qui sibi cum suis civibus, qui denique cum omni hominum genere nullam esse juris communionem velit?

Cic. Rep. 2, 26:

nemo bonus, nemo denique civis est, qui, etc.,

id. Pis. 20, 45; id. Verr. 2, 2, 69; Liv. 4, 56; Tac. A. 2, 10 al.:

pernegabo atque obdurabo, perjurabo denique,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 56; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 51; id. Hec. 4, 4, 95; Cic. Quint. 16, 51; id. Verr. 2, 2, 23 al.:

numquam tam mane egredior, neque tam vesperi domum revortor, quin te in fundo conspicer fodere, aut arare, aut aliquid facere denique, Heaut. 1, 1, 15: quod malum majus, seu tantum denique?

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 2:

ne nummi pereant, aut pyga aut denique fama,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 133:

haec denique ejus fuit postrema oratio,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 44; so Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317; id. Verr. 1, 27, 70; Nep. Pelop. 4, 3; Vell. 2, 113; Tac. A. 1, 26; Ov. M. 2, 95 al. —Hence, freq. emphatic with ipse:

arma, tela, locos, tempora, denique naturam ipsam industria vicerat,

Sall. J. 76:

hoc denique ipso die,

Cic. Mil. 36, 100.—With omnia, prius flamma, prius denique omnia, quam, etc., id. Phil. 13, 21, 49; Quint. 10, 1, 119; Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 13; cf.:

quidquid denique,

Cels. 2, 28, 1.—

In post-Aug. prose (esp. in the jurists), to denote an inference, in consequence, therefore, accordingly:

hujus victoriae callide dissimulata laetitia est: denique non solita sacra Philippus illa die fecit, etc.,

Just. 9, 4, 1:

pulcherrima Campaniae plaga est: nihil mollius caelo: denique bis floribus vernat,

Flor. 1, 16, 3; Dig. 1, 7, 13; 10, 4, 3, § 15 et saep. So in citing a decision for a position assumed:

denique Scaevola ait, etc.,

Dig. 7, 3, 4; 4, 4, 3; 7, 8, 14:

exstat quidem exemplum ejus, qui gessit (sc. magistratum) caecus: Appius denique Claudius caecus consiliis publicis intererat,

ib. 3, 1, 1, § 5 and 6; 48, 5, 8.—In class. usage denique includes the connective -que;

once in Plaut. and often in late Lat. a copul. conj. precedes it: atque hoc denique,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 18:

aurum, argentum, et denique aliae res,

Gai. Inst. 2, 13; Dig. 1, 8, 1. See Hand Turs. II. p. 260-278.

pār, păris (collat. form of the nom. fem. paris, Atta ap. Prisc. p. 764 P.— Abl. pari and pare, acc. to Charis. p. 14 P.; Prisc. p. 763 ib.; the latter poet. — Gen. plur. usu. parĭum; parum, acc. to Plin. ap. Charis. p. 110 P.), adj. [cf. Sanscr. para, another, and prae], equal (cf.: aequus, similis).

Lit.:

par est, quod in omnes aequabile est,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 67:

par et aequalis ratio,

id. Or. 36, 123:

aequo et pari jure cum civibus vivere,

id. Off. 1, 34, 124:

vita beata... par et similis deorum,

id. N. D. 2, 61, 153:

est finitimus oratori poëta ac paene par,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

pari atque eādem in laude aliquem ponere,

id. Mur. 9, 21:

intelleges de hoc judicium meum et horum par et unum fuisse,

id. Sull. 2, 5:

pares in amore atque aequales,

id. Lael. 9, 32:

libertate esse parem ceteris,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 34: verbum Latinum (voluptas) par Graeco (hêdonê) et idem valens, id. Fin. 2, 4, 12:

pares ejusdem generis munitiones,

of equal size, Caes. B. G. 7, 74:

similia omnia magis visa hominibus, quam paria,

Liv. 45, 43:

pares similesque (affectus),

Sen. Ira, 1, 19 et saep.:

quod in re pari valet, valeat in hac, quae par est... valeat aequitas, quae paribus in causis paria jura desiderat,

Cic. Top. 4, 23:

si ingenia omnia paria esse non possunt: jura certe paria debent esse eorum inter se, qui sunt cives in eādem re publicā,

id. Rep. 1, 32, 49:

necesse est eam esse naturam, ut omnia omnibus paribus paria respondeant,

id. N. D. 1, 19, 50; id. Fam. 5, 2, 3:

equites Ariovisti pari intervallo constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

hi (equites), dum pari certamine res geri potuit, etc.,

i. e. horsemen against horsemen, id. B. C. 1, 51.— Poet., with a respective gen. or inf.:

aetatis mentisque pares,

Sil. 4, 370:

et cantare pares et respondere parati,

Verg. E. 7, 5.—

The thing with which the comparison is made is most freq. added in the dat.:

quem ego parem summis Peripateticis judico,

Cic. Div. 1, 3, 5:

in his omnibus par iis, quos antea commemoravi,

id. Clu. 38, 107:

omni illi et virtute et laude par,

id. Planc. 11, 27:

isti par in belligerando,

id. Font. 12, 26:

par anseribus,

as large as, Juv. 5, 114:

prodigio par,

i. e. extremely rare, id. 4, 97.—In sup.:

QVOIVS FORMA VIRTVTEI PARISVMA FVIT, Epit. of the Scipios,

Inscr. Orell. 550:

parissumi estis hibus,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20.—Adverb. (colloq. and very rare):

feceris par tuis ceteris factis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 3.—

With gen. (with this case par is treated as a substantive; rare but class.), an equal, counterpart, etc.:

ei erat hospes, par illius, Siculus, etc.,

his counterpart, Plaut. Rud. prol. 49: cujus paucos pares [p. 1300] haec civitas tulit, Cic. Pis. 4, 8:

quem metuis par hujus erat,

Luc. 10, 382:

ubique eum parem sui invenies,

Front. Ep. ad Amic. 1, 6:

vestrae fortitudinis,

Phaedr. 4, 15, 6.—

With abl. (rare):

scalas pares moenium altitudine, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 253 Lindem.: in quā par facies nobilitate suā,

Ov. F. 6, 804.—

With cum (class.):

non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae condicionem subire,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

ut enim cetera paria Tuberoni cum Varo fuissent, etc.,

id. Lig. 9, 27:

quem tu parem cum liberis tuis regnique participem fecisti,

Sall. J. 14, 9 (cited ap. Arus. Mess. p. 253 Lindem.; but in Cic. Phil. 1, 14, 34, read parem ceteris). —

With inter se (class.):

sunt omnes pares inter se,

Cic. Par. 1, 2, 11; id. de Or. 1, 55, 236.—

With et, atque ( ac) (class.):

cum par habetur honos summis et infimis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 53:

omnia fuisse in Themistocle paria et Coriolano,

id. Brut. 11, 43:

tametsi haudquaquam par gloria sequatur scriptorem et auctorem rerum,

Sall. C. 3, 2:

quos postea in parem juris libertatisque condicionem atque ipsi erant, receperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 28; so with atque, id. ib. 5, 13, 2:

si parem sapientiam hic habet ac formam,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36:

neque mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,

Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

in quo offensae minimum, gratia par, ac si prope adessemus,

Sall. J. 102, 7.—

The object of comparison is sometimes not expressed:

cui repugno, quoad possum, sed adhuc pares non sumus,

i.e. not equal to the task, able, Cic. Att. 12, 15:

pari proelio,

indecisive, Nep. Them. 3, 3:

pares validaeque miscentur,

Tac. G. 20:

cum paria esse coeperunt,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 6:

si periculum par et ardor certaminis eos irritaret,

Liv. 24, 39, 6.—

In partic.

Equal to, a match for any one in any respect:

quibus ne di quidem immortales pares esse possint,

Caes. B. G. 4, 7 fin.: qui pares esse nostro exercitu (dat.) non potuerint, id. ib. 1, 40, 7; cf.:

ille, quod neque se parem armis existimabat, et, etc.,

Sall. J. 20, 5:

non sumus pares,

not on an equality, Juv. 3, 104:

exime hunc mihi scrupulum, cui par esse non possum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 17, 2:

habebo, Q. Fabi, parem, quem das, Hannibalem,

an opponent, adversary, Liv. 28, 44:

inter pares aemulatio,

Tac. A. 2, 47:

ope Palladis Tydiden Superis parem,

Hor. C. 1, 6, 15.—

Equal in station or age, of the same rank, of the same age (syn. aequalis):

ut coëat par Jungaturque pari,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 25:

si qua voles apte nubere, nube pari,

Ov. H. 9, 32; Petr. 25, 5.—Prov.:

pares vetere proverbio cum paribus facillime congregantur,

i. e. birds of a feather flock together, Cic. Sen. 3, 7.—

Par est, it is fit, meet, suitable, proper, right.

With a subject-clause (class.;

syn.: oportet, aequum, justum est): amorin me an rei opsequi potius par sit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 6:

posterius istaec te magis par agere'st,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 21:

canem esse hanc par fuit,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 17:

par est primum ipsum esse virum bonum, tum, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 22, 82:

sic par est agere cum civibus,

id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

dubitans, quid me facere par sit,

id. Att. 9, 9, 2:

quicquid erit, quod me scire par sit,

id. ib. 15, 17, 2:

quibus (ornamentis) fretum ad consulatūs petitionem aggredi par est,

id. Mur. 7, 15; id. Rab. Perd. 11, 31; cf.:

ex quo intellegi par est, eos qui, etc.,

id. Leg. 2, 5, 11. —

Ut par est (erat, etc.;

class.): ita, ut constantibus hominibus par erat,

Cic. Div. 2, 55, 114:

ut par fuit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 4, § 10. —

With ut:

non par videtur neque sit consentaneum... ut, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 31.—

Par pari respondere, or par pro pari referre, to return like for like, of a'repartee:

par pari respondet,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 47; id. Merc. 3, 4, 44; id. Pers. 2, 2, 11; cf.:

paria paribus respondimus,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 23:

ut sit unde par pari respondeatur,

id. ib. 16, 7, 6:

par pro pari referto, quod eam mordeat,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55 Fleck., Umpfenb., cited ap. Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19 (Bentl. ex conject. par, pari; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 281, ed. 5).—

Paria facere, to equalize or balance a thing with any thing, to settle, pay (post-Aug.):

cum rationibus domini paria facere,

to pay. Col. 1, 8, 13; 11, 1, 24. —

Trop.:

cum aliter beneficium detur, aliter reddatur, paria facere difficile est,

to return like for like, to repay with the same coin, Sen. Ben. 3, 9, 2: denique debet poenas: non est quod cum illo paria faciamus, repay him, id. Ira, 3, 25, 1:

nihil differamus, cotidie cum vitā paria faciamus,

settle our accounts with life, id. Ep. 101, 7; Plin. 2, 86, 88, § 202; so,

parem rationem facere,

Sen. Ep. 19, 10.—

Ludere par impar, to play at even and odd, Hor. S. 2, 3, 248: August. ap. Suet. Aug. 71 fin. —

Ex pari, adverb., in an equal manner, on an equal footing (post-Aug.):

sapiens cum diis ex pari vivit,

Sen. Ep. 59, 14.

Transf., subst.

pār, păris, m., a companion, comrade, mate, spouse:

plebs venit, et adcumbit cum pare quisque suo,

Ov. F. 3, 526:

jungi cum pare suā,

id. ib. 3, 193:

edicere est ausus cum illo suo pari, quem omnibus vitiis superare cupiebat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 8, 18.—Esp., a table companion, = omoklinos:

atque ibi opulentus tibi par forte obvenerit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 68 Brix ad loc.:

cedo parem quem pepigi,

id. Pers. 5, 1, 15 (v. also I. A. g. supra).—

pār, păris, n., a pair:

gladiatorum par nobilissimum,

Cic. Opt. Gen. Or. 6, 17:

ecce tibi geminum in scelere par,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 2:

par nobile fratrum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 243:

par columbarum,

Ov. M. 13, 833:

par mularum,

Gai. Inst. 3, 212:

par oculorum,

Suet. Rhet. 5:

tria aut quatuor paria amicorum,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

scyphorum paria complura,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 47:

paria (gladiatorum) ordinaria et postulaticia,

Sen. Ep. 7, 3: pocula oleaginea paria duo, Lab. Dig. 32, 1, 30.Hence, adv.: părĭter, equally, in an equal degree, in like manner, as well.

In gen.: dispartiantur patris bona pariter, Afran. ap. Non. 375, 1:

ut nostra in amicos benevolentia illorum erga nos benevolentiae pariter aequaliterque respondeat,

Cic. Lael. 16, 56:

laetamur amicorum laetitiā aeque atque nostrā, et pariter dolemus angoribus,

id. Fin. 1, 20, 65:

caritate non pariter omnes egemus,

id. Off. 2, 8, 30:

ut pariter extrema terminentur,

id. Or. 12, 38; Phaedr. 5, 2, 10:

et gustandi et pariter tangendi magna judicia sunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146:

nulla pro sociā obtinet, pariter omnes viles sunt,

id. ib. 80, 7; Quint. 9, 3, 102:

cuncta pariter Romanis adversa,

Tac. A. 1, 64: tantumdem est;

feriunt pariter,

all the same, nevertheless, Juv. 3, 298.—

With cum:

Siculi mecum pariter moleste ferent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 173:

pariter nobiscum progredi,

Auct. Her. 3, 1, 1; Verg. A. 1, 572.—

With ut, atque ( ac):

is ex se hunc reliquit filium pariter moratum, ut pater avusque hujus fuit,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 21:

pariter hoc fit, atque ut alia facta sunt,

id. Am. 4, 1, 11:

vultu pariter atque animo varius,

Sall. J. 113, 3:

pariter ac si hostis adesset,

id. ib. 46, 6.—

With et... et:

pariterque et ad se tuendum et ad hostem petendum,

Liv. 31, 35:

pariter et habitus et nomina edocebuntur,

Quint. 1, 1, 25; Ov. M. 11, 556.—

With dat. (in late poets, and once in Liv.):

pariter ultimae (gentes) propinquis, imperio parerent,

the remotest as well as the nearest, Liv. 38, 16; Stat. Th. 5, 121; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 166.—

With qualis:

pariter suades, qualis es,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 37. —

In partic.

Like simul, of equality in time or in association, at the same time, together:

nam plura castella Pompeius pariter, distinendae manūs causā, tentaverat,

at the same time, together, Caes. B. C. 3, 52:

pariter decurrere,

Liv. 22, 4, 6:

ut pariter et socii rem inciperent,

id. 3, 22, 6; 10, 5, 7; 26, 48 fin.; cf.:

plura simul invadimus, si aut tam infirma sunt, ut pariter impelli possint, aut, etc.,

Quint. 5, 13, 11; so,

pariter multos invadere,

id. 5, 7, 5:

pariter ire,

id. 1, 1, 14; 1, 12, 4; Tac. H. 4. 56; Plin. 26, 8, 40, § 66.—

With cum (so commonly in Cic.):

conchyliis omnibus contingere, ut cum lunā pariter crescant pariterque decrescant,

Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33; cf. id. de Or. 3, 3, 10:

studia doctrinae pariter cum aetate crescunt,

id. Sen. 14, 50:

pariter cum vitā sensus amittitur,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

equites pariter cum occasu solis expeditos educit,

Sall. J. 68, 2; 77, 1; 106, 5:

pariter cum collegā,

Liv. 10, 21, 14; 27, 17, 6.—

With et, atque, que:

inventionem et dispositionem pariter exercent,

Quint. 10, 5, 14; 1, 1, 25:

quibus mens pariter atque oratio insurgat,

id. 12, 2, 28:

seriis jocisque pariter accommodato,

id. 6, 3, 110.—

With dat. ( poet.), Stat. Th. 5, 122:

pariterque favillis Durescit glacies,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 165.—

In order to give greater vivacity to the expression, reduplicated: pariter... pariter, as soon as ( poet. and in post-Aug prose):

hanc pariter vidit, pariter Calydo nius heros Optavit,

Ov. M. 8, 324; Plin. Ep. 8, 23 fin. —

In like manner, likewise, also:

pariterque oppidani agere,

Sall. J. 60, 1:

postquam pariter nymphas incedere vidit,

Ov. M. 2, 445.