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especially+(since

  • 1 especially

    especially [ɪ'speʃəlɪ]
    (a) (to a particular degree) particulièrement, spécialement; (particularly) en particulier, surtout;
    ∎ the condition usually affects women, especially women over 50 cette maladie touche généralement les femmes, et particulièrement celles de plus de 50 ans;
    ∎ he likes birds, especially parrots il aime les oiseaux, spécialement les perroquets;
    ∎ I can't mention it, especially since or as I'm not supposed to know anything about it je ne peux pas en parler d'autant que ou surtout que je ne suis pas censé savoir quoi que ce soit à ce sujet;
    ∎ you especially ought to know better! vous devriez le savoir mieux que personne!;
    ∎ the food at this restaurant is especially good la cuisine de ce restaurant est particulièrement bonne;
    ∎ be especially careful with this one faites particulièrement attention à celui-ci;
    ∎ was it any good? - not especially est-ce que c'était bien? - pas particulièrement
    ∎ he went especially to meet her il est allé exprès pour la rencontrer;
    ∎ I did it especially for you je l'ai fait spécialement ou exprès pour vous

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > especially

  • 2 Usage note : have

    When used as an auxiliary in present perfect, future perfect and past perfect tenses, have is normally translated by avoir:
    I have seen
    = j’ai vu
    I had seen
    = j’avais vu
    However, some verbs in French, especially verbs of movement and change of state (e.g. aller, venir, descendre, mourir), take être rather than avoir in these tenses:
    he has left
    = il est parti
    In this case, remember the past participle agrees with the subject of the verb:
    she has gone
    = elle est allée
    Reflexive verbs (e.g. se lever, se coucher) always conjugate with être:
    she has fainted
    = elle s’est évanouie
    For translations of time expressions using for or since (he has been in London for six months, he has been in London since June), see the entries for and since.
    For translations of time expressions using just (I have just finished my essay, he has just gone), see the entry just1.
    to have to meaning must is translated by either devoir or the impersonal construction il faut que + subjunctive:
    I have to leave now
    = il faut que je parte maintenant or je dois partir maintenant
    In negative sentences, not to have to is generally translated by ne pas être obligé de e.g.
    you don’t have to go
    = tu n’es pas obligé d’y aller
    For examples and particular usages see the entry have.
    When have is used as a straightforward transitive verb meaning possess, have (or have got) can generally be translated by avoir, e.g.
    I have (got) a car
    = j’ai une voiture
    she has a good memory
    = elle a une bonne mémoire
    they have (got) problems
    = ils ont des problèmes
    For examples and particular usages see entry ; see also got.
    have is also used with certain noun objects where the whole expression is equivalent to a verb:
    to have dinner = to dine
    to have a try = to try
    to have a walk = to walk
    In such cases the phrase is very often translated by the equivalent verb in French (dîner, essayer, se promener). For translations consult the appropriate noun entry (dinner, try, walk).
    had is used in English at the beginning of a clause to replace an expression with if. Such expressions are generally translated by si + past perfect tense, e.g.
    had I taken the train, this would never have happened
    = si j’avais pris le train, ce ne serait jamais arrivé
    had there been a fire, we would all have been killed
    = s’il y avait eu un incendie, nous serions tous morts
    For examples of the above and all other uses of have see the entry.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : have

  • 3 rat race

    foire f d'empoigne

    New York is pretty work orientated and the hours can be long. It's less of a rat race than London, though, especially the transport. Since September 11, it's like a different city - particularly because my offices are downtown near where the World Trade Center was.

    English-French business dictionary > rat race

  • 4 then

    [ðen] 1. adverb
    1) (at that time in the past or future: I was at school then; If you're coming next week, I'll see you then.) alors, à ce moment-là
    2) (used with prepositions to mean that time in the past or future: John should be here by then; I'll need you before then; I have been ill since then; Until then; Goodbye till then!) ce moment-là
    3) (after that: I had a drink, (and) then I went home.) puis
    4) (in that case: He might not give us the money and then what would we do?) alors
    5) (often used especially at the end of sentences in which an explanation, opinion etc is asked for, or which show surprise etc: What do you think of that, then?) alors
    6) (also; in addition: I have two brothers, and then I have a cousin in America.) puis
    2. conjunction
    (in that case; as a result: If you're tired, then you must rest.) alors
    3. adjective
    (at that time (in the past): the then Prime Minister.) d'alors

    English-French dictionary > then

  • 5 walking-stick

    noun (a stick used (especially as an aid to balance) when walking: The old lady has been using a walking-stick since she hurt her leg.) canne

    English-French dictionary > walking-stick

  • 6 week

    [wi:k] 1. noun
    1) (any sequence of seven days, especially from Sunday to Saturday: It's three weeks since I saw her.) semaine
    2) (the five days from Monday to Friday inclusive: He can't go during the week, but he'll go on Saturday or Sunday.) semaine
    3) (the amount of time spent working during a period of seven days: He works a forty-eight-hour week.) semaine (de)
    •
    2. adverb
    (once a week: The newspaper is published weekly.) chaque semaine
    3. noun
    (a publication coming out once a week: Is this newspaper a weekly or a daily?) hebdomadaire
    - weekend - a week last Friday - a week today - tomorrow - on/next Friday - Friday

    English-French dictionary > week

  • 7 хвойный лес

    1. foręt de conifčres

     

    хвойный лес
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    coniferous forest
    A forest type characterized by cone-bearing, needle-leaved trees. They are generally, but not necessarily, evergreen and relatively shallow-rooted. Since they grow more rapidly than most broad-leaved trees, conifers are extensively planted as a source of softwood timber and pulp. They are tolerant of wide-ranging climatic conditions, of many different types of soil and of considerable differences in terrain. Thus, they are found from the polar latitudes to the tropics, on most types of soils (especially, thin acid soils) and from mountain summits to coastal environments. (Source: WHIT)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > хвойный лес

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