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81 Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich von
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities[br]b. 24 August 1772 Durlach, Baden, Germanyd. 21 May 1826 Munich, Germany[br]German engineer.[br]While he was attending the Military School at Mannheim, Reichenbach drew attention to himself due to the mathematical instruments that he had designed. On the recommendation of Count Rumford in Munich, the Bavarian government financed a two-year stay in Britain so that Reichenbach could become acquainted with modern mechanical engineering. He returned to Mannheim in 1793, and during the Napoleonic Wars he was involved in the manufacture of arms. In Munich, where he was in the service of the Bavarian state from 1796, he started producing precision instruments in his own time. His basic invention was the design of a dividing machine for circles, produced at the end of the eighteenth century. The astronomic and geodetic instruments he produced excelled all the others for their precision. His telescopes in particular, being perfect in use and of solid construction, soon brought him an international reputation. They were manufactured at the MathematicMechanical Institute, which he had jointly founded with Joseph Utzschneider and Joseph Liebherr in 1804 and which became a renowned training establishment. The glasses and lenses were produced by Joseph Fraunhofer who joined the company in 1807.In the same year he was put in charge of the technical reorganization of the salt-works at Reichenhall. After he had finished the brine-transport line from Reichenhall to Traunstein in 1810, he started on the one from Berchtesgaden to Reichenhall which was an extremely difficult task because of the mountainous area that had to be crossed. As water was the only source of energy available he decided to use water-column engines for pumping the brine in the pipes of both lines. Such devices had been in use for pumping purposes in different mining areas since the middle of the eighteenth century. Reichenbach knew about the one constructed by Joseph Karl Hell in Slovakia, which in principle had just been a simple piston-pump driven by water which did not work satisfactorily. Instead he constructed a really effective double-action water-column engine; this was a short time after Richard Trevithick had constructed a similar machine in England. For the second line he improved the system and built a single-action pump. All the parts of it were made of metal, which made them easy to produce, and the pumps proved to be extremely reliable, working for over 100 years.At the official opening of the line in 1817 the Bavarian king rewarded him generously. He remained in the state's service, becoming head of the department for roads and waterways in 1820, and he contributed to the development of Bavarian industry as well as the public infrastructure in many ways as a result of his mechanical skill and his innovative engineering mind.[br]Further ReadingBauernfeind, "Georg von Reichenbach" Allgemeine deutsche Biographie 27:656–67 (a reliable nineteenth-century account).W.Dyck, 1912, Georg v. Reichenbach, Munich.K.Matschoss, 1941, Grosse Ingenieure, Munich and Berlin, 3rd edn. 121–32 (a concise description of his achievements in the development of optical instruments and engineering).WKBiographical history of technology > Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich von
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82 Smeaton, John
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 8 June 1724 Austhorpe, near Leeds, Yorkshire, Englandd. 28 October 1792 Austhorpe, near Leeds, Yorkshire, England[br]English mechanical and civil engineer.[br]As a boy, Smeaton showed mechanical ability, making for himself a number of tools and models. This practical skill was backed by a sound education, probably at Leeds Grammar School. At the age of 16 he entered his father's office; he seemed set to follow his father's profession in the law. In 1742 he went to London to continue his legal studies, but he preferred instead, with his father's reluctant permission, to set up as a scientific instrument maker and dealer and opened a shop of his own in 1748. About this time he began attending meetings of the Royal Society and presented several papers on instruments and mechanical subjects, being elected a Fellow in 1753. His interests were turning towards engineering but were informed by scientific principles grounded in careful and accurate observation.In 1755 the second Eddystone lighthouse, on a reef some 14 miles (23 km) off the English coast at Plymouth, was destroyed by fire. The President of the Royal Society was consulted as to a suitable engineer to undertake the task of constructing a new one, and he unhesitatingly suggested Smeaton. Work began in 1756 and was completed in three years to produce the first great wave-swept stone lighthouse. It was constructed of Portland stone blocks, shaped and pegged both together and to the base rock, and bonded by hydraulic cement, scientifically developed by Smeaton. It withstood the storms of the English Channel for over a century, but by 1876 erosion of the rock had weakened the structure and a replacement had to be built. The upper portion of Smeaton's lighthouse was re-erected on a suitable base on Plymouth Hoe, leaving the original base portion on the reef as a memorial to the engineer.The Eddystone lighthouse made Smeaton's reputation and from then on he was constantly in demand as a consultant in all kinds of engineering projects. He carried out a number himself, notably the 38 mile (61 km) long Forth and Clyde canal with thirty-nine locks, begun in 1768 but for financial reasons not completed until 1790. In 1774 he took charge of the Ramsgate Harbour works.On the mechanical side, Smeaton undertook a systematic study of water-and windmills, to determine the design and construction to achieve the greatest power output. This work issued forth as the paper "An experimental enquiry concerning the natural powers of water and wind to turn mills" and exerted a considerable influence on mill design during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. Between 1753 and 1790 Smeaton constructed no fewer than forty-four mills.Meanwhile, in 1756 he had returned to Austhorpe, which continued to be his home base for the rest of his life. In 1767, as a result of the disappointing performance of an engine he had been involved with at New River Head, Islington, London, Smeaton began his important study of the steam-engine. Smeaton was the first to apply scientific principles to the steam-engine and achieved the most notable improvements in its efficiency since its invention by Newcomen, until its radical overhaul by James Watt. To compare the performance of engines quantitatively, he introduced the concept of "duty", i.e. the weight of water that could be raised 1 ft (30 cm) while burning one bushel (84 lb or 38 kg) of coal. The first engine to embody his improvements was erected at Long Benton colliery in Northumberland in 1772, with a duty of 9.45 million pounds, compared to the best figure obtained previously of 7.44 million pounds. One source of heat loss he attributed to inaccurate boring of the cylinder, which he was able to improve through his close association with Carron Ironworks near Falkirk, Scotland.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1753.Bibliography1759, "An experimental enquiry concerning the natural powers of water and wind to turn mills", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.Towards the end of his life, Smeaton intended to write accounts of his many works but only completed A Narrative of the Eddystone Lighthouse, 1791, London.Further ReadingS.Smiles, 1874, Lives of the Engineers: Smeaton and Rennie, London. A.W.Skempton, (ed.), 1981, John Smeaton FRS, London: Thomas Telford. L.T.C.Rolt and J.S.Allen, 1977, The Steam Engine of Thomas Newcomen, 2nd edn, Hartington: Moorland Publishing, esp. pp. 108–18 (gives a good description of his work on the steam-engine).LRD -
83 data
данные; сведения; информацияto display the tooling data — выводить данные инструмента на дисплей-
AC data
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actual data
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actuation data
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adjusted data
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aeronautical data
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air data
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aircraft loading data
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aircraft main data
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aircraft operational data
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aircraft test data
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aircraft weight data
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air-derived data
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alphanumeric data
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alphameric data
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alphabetic data
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analog data
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angular data
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application-specific data
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area-averaged data
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arrayed data
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array data
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asynoptic data
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attributes data
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attribute data
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bearing preload data
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behavioral data
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biased data
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binary data
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binocular data
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blast data
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boundary data
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brightness data
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buoy data
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business data
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captioning data
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channel data
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characteristic data
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clear data
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CNC control data
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coded data
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combined data
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confidential data
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continuous data
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control data
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corrected profile data
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correction data
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current data
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cutting data
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decimal data
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delayed-mode data
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delayed data
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descriptive data
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design data
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digital data
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digital profile data
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digital program data
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digitized data
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dimensions data
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dimension data
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discrepant data
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discrete data
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disembodied data
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displayed data
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display data
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enciphered data
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encoded data
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engine performance data
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engineering data
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environmental data
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erroneous data
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error data
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failure analysis data
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field data
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fixed-point data
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flight data
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floating-point data
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geodetic data
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geological and engineering data
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gridded data
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grid data
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grid-point data
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ground truth data
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ground-derived data
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hemispheric data
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historical data
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hydroclime data
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hydrologic data
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ice data
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image data
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imagery data
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imaging data
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impure data
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incoming data
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indicative data
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infrared tracking data
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initial data
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input data
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input shape data
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in-reactor observational data
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in-situ data
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intensional data
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lithogeochemical data
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location data
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long-term data
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machinable data
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machine tool data
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machine-readable data
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marine data
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master data
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meaningful data
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meaning data
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meaningless data
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measuring data
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meta data
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metrological data
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missing data
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model data
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motion data
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multispectral data
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nadir-viewed data
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NC data
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noiseless data
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null data
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numerical data
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numeric data
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observational data
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observed data
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offset curve data
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on-line data
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operational data
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operator-entered data
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outgoing data
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output data
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packed data
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part-programming data
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past data
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performance data
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pictorial data
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plant data
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plotted data
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point data
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position data
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present-position data
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private data
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problem data
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pseudo-observed data
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public data
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published data
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raw data
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real-time data
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real-time tool data
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redundant data
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reference data
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refined data
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relevant data
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reliability data
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remotely-sensed data
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remote-sensed data
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reservoir engineering data
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sampled data
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sea truth data
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sensory data
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service data
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shareable data
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shipping data
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simulation data
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size data
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snap data
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source data
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space-acquired data
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space-based data
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spatial data
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standard sewing data
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static tool data
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status data
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streamflow data
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string data
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structured tool data
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summarized data
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supplier data
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surface-based data
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surface data
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tabular data
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tabulated data
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target data
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task data
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telemetry data
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test data
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tool condition data
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topo data
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torque data
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transaction data
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transient response data
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transparent data
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true data
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unpacked data
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valid data
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verified data
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video data
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vision data
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voice data
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voice-band data
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way-point data
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workcycle data
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workpiece shape data
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zero data -
84 BEST
1) Медицина: электрошоковая терапия ("blitz electroshock therapy")3) Спорт: Baseball Enthusiasts For Strategic Table4) Военный термин: ballastable earth-moving sectionalized tractor, basic electronics training5) Техника: Ballastable Earthmoving Sectionized Tractor, base-emitter self-aligning technique, battery energy storage test6) Химия: Better Enzyme Solution Training7) Религия: Bible English Sport And Trips9) Грубое выражение: Bastards Email Special Training10) Оптика: business EDR system technique11) Университет: Baccalaureate Education System Trust, Baylor Employee Search Team, Beginning Educator Support and Training, Bilingual Exceptional Students Team, Board Of European Students Of Technology, Boosting Engineering And Science Technology, Boosting Engineering Science And Technology, Boosting Engineering Science Technology, Bridging Education Science And Training, Bridging Engineers Science And Teaching, Business Education School Of Technology, Business Encourages Students And Teachers12) Физиология: Bio Energetic Stress Test, Bio Energetic Synchronization Technique13) Электроника: Basic Easy Sockets Technology, Business Electronics Systems Technique14) Вычислительная техника: Borland Enhanced Support and Training, Business Electronics Systems Technology, Borland Enhanced Support and Training (Borland), Business Executive System for Timesharing (OS, Qantel)15) Иммунология: Bio Energetic Stress Testing16) Онкология: Breast Examination Self Teaching17) Транспорт: Better Environmentally Sound Transportation18) Пищевая промышленность: Better Eaters Support Team19) Экология: Better Environmentally Sustainable Transport, Biomass Energy Sustainable Technology, Biosolids Ems Steering Team, Boosting Eco Socio Tourism, Bristol Environmentally Sustainable Transport, basic extractive sludge treatment20) Деловая лексика: Building Effective Solutions Together, Building Excellent Sales Teams, Business Excellence Starts Today21) Образование: Basic Early Skills Training, Behavioral And Educational Strategies For Teachers, Biology Education Software Taskforce, Bringing Education And Science Together, Building Early Strength Together, Building Effective Schools Together22) Сетевые технологии: Best Enumeration Of Snp Tags23) Международная торговля: Belize Enterprise For Sustained Technology -
85 TEA
1) Компьютерная техника: Tiny Embedded Application2) Военный термин: Tactical Exploitation Assessment, Test and Evaluation Agency, Transportability Engineering Analysis, Transportation Engineering Agency, Transportation Engineering Agreement, target engagement area, task equipment analysis, test equipment analysis, test equipment, accessory, training effectiveness analysis, transversely-excited atmospheric3) Техника: Trade Expansion Act, target echo attenuation, transferred electron amplifier, transversely excited at atmospheric pressure5) Религия: The Experience Of All, Transcendent Eternal Absolute6) Метеорология: Transversely Excited Atmosphere7) Оптика: transversely excited atmospheric8) Электроника: Transverse Excited Atmosphere9) Вычислительная техника: Tiny Encryption Algorithm (Verschluesselung)10) Нефть: technical and economic assessment11) Иммунология: "T early alpha"12) Космонавтика: положение равновесия моментов13) Транспорт: Transportation Enhancement Act, Transportation Equity Act14) Пищевая промышленность: Traditional English Ale15) Парфюмерия: триэтаноламин16) Фирменный знак: Trans European Airways17) Целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность: tensile energy absorbtion18) СМИ: Theatrical Equipment Association19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Technical and Economic Analysis20) Образование: Teachers Experiencing Antarctica, Teddies Education Association, Terminal Education Age, Training Education And Awareness21) Полимеры: triethanolamine, triethylaluminum22) Сахалин Ю: travel and entertainment accounting23) Химическое оружие: thermal energy analyzer24) Безопасность: Tiny Encryption Algorithm25) Нефть и газ: tri etanol amine, tri-etanol amine, trietanol amine, trietanol-amine, trietanolamine, ТЭА, три этанол амин, триэтанол амин, триэтанол-амин26) Цемент: trimethyl amine27) Должность: Transitional Employment Assistance28) Чат: Tomorrow And Everyday After29) NYSE. Templeton Emerging Markets Appreciation Fund31) НАСА: Transversal Excited Atmospheric -
86 best
1) Медицина: электрошоковая терапия ("blitz electroshock therapy")3) Спорт: Baseball Enthusiasts For Strategic Table4) Военный термин: ballastable earth-moving sectionalized tractor, basic electronics training5) Техника: Ballastable Earthmoving Sectionized Tractor, base-emitter self-aligning technique, battery energy storage test6) Химия: Better Enzyme Solution Training7) Религия: Bible English Sport And Trips9) Грубое выражение: Bastards Email Special Training10) Оптика: business EDR system technique11) Университет: Baccalaureate Education System Trust, Baylor Employee Search Team, Beginning Educator Support and Training, Bilingual Exceptional Students Team, Board Of European Students Of Technology, Boosting Engineering And Science Technology, Boosting Engineering Science And Technology, Boosting Engineering Science Technology, Bridging Education Science And Training, Bridging Engineers Science And Teaching, Business Education School Of Technology, Business Encourages Students And Teachers12) Физиология: Bio Energetic Stress Test, Bio Energetic Synchronization Technique13) Электроника: Basic Easy Sockets Technology, Business Electronics Systems Technique14) Вычислительная техника: Borland Enhanced Support and Training, Business Electronics Systems Technology, Borland Enhanced Support and Training (Borland), Business Executive System for Timesharing (OS, Qantel)15) Иммунология: Bio Energetic Stress Testing16) Онкология: Breast Examination Self Teaching17) Транспорт: Better Environmentally Sound Transportation18) Пищевая промышленность: Better Eaters Support Team19) Экология: Better Environmentally Sustainable Transport, Biomass Energy Sustainable Technology, Biosolids Ems Steering Team, Boosting Eco Socio Tourism, Bristol Environmentally Sustainable Transport, basic extractive sludge treatment20) Деловая лексика: Building Effective Solutions Together, Building Excellent Sales Teams, Business Excellence Starts Today21) Образование: Basic Early Skills Training, Behavioral And Educational Strategies For Teachers, Biology Education Software Taskforce, Bringing Education And Science Together, Building Early Strength Together, Building Effective Schools Together22) Сетевые технологии: Best Enumeration Of Snp Tags23) Международная торговля: Belize Enterprise For Sustained Technology -
87 tea
1) Компьютерная техника: Tiny Embedded Application2) Военный термин: Tactical Exploitation Assessment, Test and Evaluation Agency, Transportability Engineering Analysis, Transportation Engineering Agency, Transportation Engineering Agreement, target engagement area, task equipment analysis, test equipment analysis, test equipment, accessory, training effectiveness analysis, transversely-excited atmospheric3) Техника: Trade Expansion Act, target echo attenuation, transferred electron amplifier, transversely excited at atmospheric pressure5) Религия: The Experience Of All, Transcendent Eternal Absolute6) Метеорология: Transversely Excited Atmosphere7) Оптика: transversely excited atmospheric8) Электроника: Transverse Excited Atmosphere9) Вычислительная техника: Tiny Encryption Algorithm (Verschluesselung)10) Нефть: technical and economic assessment11) Иммунология: "T early alpha"12) Космонавтика: положение равновесия моментов13) Транспорт: Transportation Enhancement Act, Transportation Equity Act14) Пищевая промышленность: Traditional English Ale15) Парфюмерия: триэтаноламин16) Фирменный знак: Trans European Airways17) Целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность: tensile energy absorbtion18) СМИ: Theatrical Equipment Association19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Technical and Economic Analysis20) Образование: Teachers Experiencing Antarctica, Teddies Education Association, Terminal Education Age, Training Education And Awareness21) Полимеры: triethanolamine, triethylaluminum22) Сахалин Ю: travel and entertainment accounting23) Химическое оружие: thermal energy analyzer24) Безопасность: Tiny Encryption Algorithm25) Нефть и газ: tri etanol amine, tri-etanol amine, trietanol amine, trietanol-amine, trietanolamine, ТЭА, три этанол амин, триэтанол амин, триэтанол-амин26) Цемент: trimethyl amine27) Должность: Transitional Employment Assistance28) Чат: Tomorrow And Everyday After29) NYSE. Templeton Emerging Markets Appreciation Fund31) НАСА: Transversal Excited Atmospheric -
88 work
1) работа; труд; действие; функционирование2) обработка3) обрабатываемая заготовка; обрабатываемая деталь; обрабатываемое изделие4) механизм5) конструкция6) мн. ч. завод; фабрика; мастерские; технические сооружения; строительные работы7) мн. ч. работающие части механизма, подвижные органы механизма8) работать; обрабатывать9) действовать, двигаться, поворачиваться ( о подвижных частях механизмов)10) коробиться•work performed with materials in a smaller quantity — работа, выполненная с недостаточным использованием материалов
work performed without the necessary diligence — работа, выполненная небрежно
work which is not in accordance with specifications — работа, не соответствующая техническим требованиям
work which is not in accordance with the requirements of the engineer — работа, не отвечающая требованиям инженера
to work down — 1) осаживать ( вниз); оседать 2) обрабатывать на меньший размер
to work in — вделывать, вмонтировать
to work into — углубляться во что-либо, уходить внутрь
to work off — 1) соскакивать, соскальзывать ( во время работы) 2) снимать (напр. стружку)
to work on — действовать на что-либо, оказывать влияние на что-либо
to work out — 1) разрабатывать (план, проект) 2) вырабатывать (что-либо) из чего-либо (напр. вытачивать, выстрагивать, выфрезеровывать) 3) выскакивать, выпадать во время работы
to work over — обрабатывать вторично, перерабатывать, подвергать переработке
to work upon — действовать на что-либо, оказывать влияние на что-либо
- work executed - work in process - work of acceleration - work of deformation - work of ideal cycle - work of resistance - work on arbour - works under way - access to works - actual progress of works - amendment of the date of completion of works - amount of the executed works - applied work - asphalt work - assessment of works - auxiliary work - bank work - bargain work - beat-cob work - betterment work - black and white work - bluff work - bonus work - bosh brick work - branch work - branched work - bright work - carpenter's work - cast steel work - cessation of works - chased work - check of works - checking of works - chequer work - chequered work - cindering work - civil works - civil and erection works - clay work - clearing work - commencement of works - completed works - completion of works - concrete work - diversion work - condensing works - construction works - consumed work - continuous execution of works - contract works - cost of works - cost of uncovering works - covered-up works - date of commencement of works - date of completion of works - day-to-day work - day wage work - dead work - defective works - delay in completion of works - delayed completion of works - demolition works - description of works - design and survey works - desilting works - diaper work of bricklaying - drainage work - dredge work - dressing works - drove work - earth works - effective work - embossed work - emergency works - engineering works - erecting works - erection works - examination of works - excavation works - execution of works - expected period of works - extension of the time for completion of works - external work - face work - fascine work - field works - finely finished work - finishing work - fitter's works - flat trellis work - float work - forming work - forthcoming works - frosted rustic work - gauge work - gauged work - geologic works - geological works - grading works - gunite work - heading work - health work - hot work - hydro-meteorologic works - hydro-meteorological works - inadequate progress of works - incomplete lattice work - indicated work - inlaid work - inspection of works - installation work - intake works - irrigation works - jack works - jobbing work - joggle work - ladder work - line work - link work - locksmith's work - machine work - main works - maintenance work - management of works - maritime works - metal work - milling work - motion work - multiple lattice work - nature of works - neat work - negative work - night work - no-load work - odd works - on the site works - order of execution of works - outlet work - outstanding works - overhead works - panel work - partially completed works - part of works - paternoster work - period of works - period of execution of works - permanent works - pilot-scale work - plane frame work - planer work - pneumatic work - port work - portion of works - pottery work - precision work - preliminary works - preparatory works - pressure cementing work - programme of works - progress of works - proper execution of works - prospecting works - public works - pump works - quantity of works - rag work - R and D work - random work - range work - reclamation work - recoverable-strain work - recuperated work - reflected work - reliability of works - relief work - remedial works - repair work - repairing work - required work - research work - resumption of works - retaining works - reticulated work - right of access to works - river training works - rustic work - safety of works - schedule of works - scope of work - shaper work - sheet metal work - shift work - smith and founder work - spillway works - starting work - step-by-step check of works - step-by-step checking of works - stick and rag work - stoppage of works - subcontract works - submarine work - substituted works - sufficiency of works - supervision for works - supervision for of works - survey work - survey and research works - suspension of works - taking over of works - task work - temporary work - test work - test-hole work - three-coat work - through-carved work - time for completion of works - timely completion of works - tool work - topiary work - topographic works - topographical works - track work - treatment works - trellis work - trench work - trestle work - turning work - uncompleted works - uncovering of works - upon completion of works - variations in works - variations of works - volume of works - wiring work - X-ray workto complete works (in the time stipulated in the contract) — завершать работы (в срок, оговорённый в контракте)
* * *1. работа2. изделие3. обработка4. возводимый объект (строительства) ( по подрядному договору); конструкция, сооружение5. работа, мощность6. pl сооружение, сооружения7. pl завод, фабрика, мастерскиеwork above ground — наземные работы ( в отличие от подземных и подводных); работы, производимые на поверхности земли
work below ground ( level) — подземные работы
work carried out on site — работы, выполненные на стройплощадке
work done in sections — работа, выполненная отдельными секциями [частями]
work in open excavations — работы в открытых выемках [горных выработках]
work in progress — (строительные) работы в стадии выполнения, выполняемые [производимые] (строительные) работы; объект в стадии строительства
work in water — работы, производимые в воде [под водой]
work near water — работы, производимые близ водоёмов или рек
- work of deformationwork on schedule — работы в процессе выполнения ( по графику); работы, предусмотренные планом [графиком]
- work of external forces
- work of internal forces
- above-ground works
- additional work
- agricultural works
- alteration work
- ashlar work
- auxiliary work
- avalanche baffle works
- axed work
- backfill work
- backing masonry work
- bag work
- bench work
- block work
- brewery works
- brick work
- broken-color work
- brush work
- building work
- building site works
- carcass work
- carpenter's work
- cement works
- chemical production works
- civil engineering work
- coast protection works
- cob work
- completed work
- complicated building work
- concrete work
- concrete block masonry work
- concrete masonry work
- constructional work
- construction work
- continuous shift work
- contract work
- coursed work
- crib work
- day work
- dead work
- defective work
- defence works
- deformation work
- demolition work
- development work
- diver's works
- diversion works
- donkey work
- drainage works
- earth work
- earth-moving work
- elastic work of a material
- electric work
- electricity production works
- emergency work
- enclosed construction works
- engineering works
- erection work
- erosion protection works
- excavation works
- experimental work
- external work
- extra work
- facing work
- factory work
- fascine work
- finishing work
- finish work
- floating construction works
- flood-control works
- flood-protection works
- floor work
- floor-and-wall tiling work
- floor covering work
- food industry production work
- foundation work
- funerary works
- further day's work
- gas works
- gauged work
- glazed work
- glazier's work
- half-plain work
- hammered work
- hand work
- handy work
- heat insulation work
- heavy work
- highly mechanized work
- hot work
- in-fill masonry work
- innovative construction work
- insulating work
- intake works
- internal work in the system
- ironmongery work
- joinery work
- land retention works
- landslide protection works
- loading works
- manual work
- marine works
- metallurgical processing works
- night work
- nonconforming work
- office work
- off-the-site work
- one-coat work
- open-air intake works
- open construction works
- ornamental works
- ornate work
- outlet works
- overhang work
- overhead work
- permanent works up to ground level
- petroleum extraction works
- piece work
- pitched work
- plaster work
- plumbing work
- power production works
- precast works
- production works
- promotion work
- protection works
- protective works
- public works
- random ashlar work
- refurbishment work
- refuse disposal works
- refuse incineration works
- regulation works
- reinforced concrete work
- research work
- reticulated work
- road transport works
- roof tiling work
- rubble ashlar masonry work
- sanitary works
- sea defence works
- sediment exclusion works
- sewage disposal works
- single construction works
- smillage-axed work
- solid plaster work
- steel construction works
- steel works
- steel plate work
- structural restoration work
- surface transport works
- temporary works
- textile work
- three-coat work
- tiling work
- training works
- transport works
- treatment works
- two-coat work
- underground work
- underwater work
- unloading works
- vermiculated work
- virtual work
- waste disposal works
- water works
- water treatment works -
89 ETF
1) Медицина: electron-transfering flavoproteine2) Военный термин: Electronic Test Facility, electrical time fuze, electronic time fuze, engineering test facility, enhanced tactical fighter, estimated time of flight3) Техника: electrical time fuse, electro thermal filter, electronic time fuse, electronically tunable filter, extended task force4) Экономика: Индексный фонд, паи которого обращаются на бирже (http://moscow-translator.ru Exchange-Traded Fund)5) Финансы: Фонд, торгуемый на бирже (http://moscow-translator.ru Exchange-Traded Fund)6) Биржевой термин: Exchange Traded Funds, Exchange Traded Fund, торгуемый индексный фонд7) Сокращение: Engine Test Facility, Engine Test Facilities, Enigma Transportable Format8) Физиология: Eustachian Tube Function9) Экология: environmental test facility10) Полимеры: elongation to failure11) Химическое оружие: Explosive Testing Facility12) Безопасность: Emergency Task Force (отряд специального назначения)13) Расширение файла: Enriched Text Format14) Международные отношения: Европейский Фонд Образования (European Training Foundation)15) Чат: Easy To Find16) Правительство: Employment and Training Fund17) NYSE. Emerging Markets Telecommunications Fund -
90 group
1) стат. группа; класс || группировать, распределять по группам, классифицировать2) группа; организация3) брит. укрупнённая группа отраслей (экономики, промышленности)4) объединение компаний; синдикат; трест; монополистическое объединение -
91 operation
операция; кампания; боевые [военные] действия; бой; сражение; эксплуатация; обслуживание; работа; pl. оперативное управление [отдел, отделение]; см. тж. action, battle, combatcounter C3 operation — операция [действия] против систем руководства, управления и связи [оперативного управления и связи]
counternaval forces naval operation (in closed or open offshore areas) — морская операция по разгрому ВМС противника (в закрытых или прилегающих к побережью открытых морских районах)
— breaching operation— exploitation-type operation— guarding security operations— missile operations— tactical operations— urban ized operations* * * -
92 TE
TE, tactical elementбоевое подразделение [часть]————————TE, tactical employment(оперативно-)тактическое применение; боевое применение————————TE, tactical environment(оперативно-)тактическая обстановка; боевая обстановка————————TE, tangent elevationугол прицеливания; прицел————————TE, tank elementтанковое подразделение [часть]————————TE, target elevationвысота цели (над уровнем моря); угол места цели————————TE, target evaluationанализ [оценка] целей————————TE, task elementмор оперативный элемент; оперативная группа————————TE, task evaluationоценка [уяснение] задачи————————TE, telecommunication engineering————————TE, terminal equipmentоконечное оборудование [аппаратура]————————TE, terminal exchange————————TE, test equipmentиспытательное оборудование; контрольно-испытательная аппаратура————————TE, threat evaluationанализ [оценка] характера угрозы————————TE, topographical engineer————————TE, training equipmentучебное оборудование; учебно-тренировочные средства————————TE, training establishmentучебное заведение [центр]————————TE; T & E, test(ing) and evaluationиспытания и оценка, оценочные испытания————————TE; T/E, table of equipment————————TE; T/E, transporter-erectorтранспортно-подъемная установка; транспортно-заряжающая машинаEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > TE
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93 MET
1) Компьютерная техника: master earth terminal, multibutton electronic telephone2) Медицина: метаболический эквивалент нагрузки (metabolic equivalent of task), meta-analysis (мета-анализ), метаболический эквивалент, medical emergency team3) Военный термин: MILSTAR Engineering Development Model Terminal, Materials Energy Toxicity, Mobile Exploitation Team, maintenance equipment training, management engineering team, mechanical transport, medium equipment transporter, meteorological station, minimum exposure time, missile electrical technician, missile escort team, mobile equipment transporter, multienvironmental trainer, Medium Earth Terminal (w/in CARS)4) Техника: metallurgist, metallurgy, meteorological broadcast, multienvironment trainer5) Общая лексика: НДПИ (Mineral Extraction Tax)6) Метеорология: Mobile Environmental Teams7) Железнодорожный термин: Modesto and Empire Traction Company8) Автомобильный термин: Mechanical, Electrical and Trim9) Сокращение: Marksmanship Expert Trainer, Mean European Time, Mission Event Timer, Mobile Electronic warfare Test, metallurgical, meteorological broadcasts, meteorology, Middle European Time (GMT + 0100), Mesh-Emitter Transistor, Methionine aminoacid10) Физиология: Metabolic Equivalent11) Вычислительная техника: Memory Enhancement Technology (Hewlett-Packard), Middle European Time-1:00, расширение файлов в формате IBM Presentation, Middle European Time (+0100, TZ, CET, METDST, MEZ), Memory Enhancement Technology (HP)12) Нефть: mineral extraction tax13) Иммунология: Microbial Exploration Technology14) Фирменный знак: Meridian Energy Therapies15) Деловая лексика: Multidisciplinary Evaluation Team16) Образование: Metropolitan Educational Theatre, Mobile Education Team, Motivation Education And Training17) Расширение файла: Middle European Time (+1:00), Memory Enhancement Technology (Hewlett-Packard), Graphics metafile (OS/2), Metafile (OS/2), Document (Omnipage Pro), OS/2 graphics metafile (PICVIEW.EXE), Macro Editor top overflow file (WordPerfect Library)18) Электротехника: maximum electrical torque19) Аэропорты: Moreton, Queensland, Australia20) НАСА: Mission Elapsed Time -
94 Met
1) Компьютерная техника: master earth terminal, multibutton electronic telephone2) Медицина: метаболический эквивалент нагрузки (metabolic equivalent of task), meta-analysis (мета-анализ), метаболический эквивалент, medical emergency team3) Военный термин: MILSTAR Engineering Development Model Terminal, Materials Energy Toxicity, Mobile Exploitation Team, maintenance equipment training, management engineering team, mechanical transport, medium equipment transporter, meteorological station, minimum exposure time, missile electrical technician, missile escort team, mobile equipment transporter, multienvironmental trainer, Medium Earth Terminal (w/in CARS)4) Техника: metallurgist, metallurgy, meteorological broadcast, multienvironment trainer5) Общая лексика: НДПИ (Mineral Extraction Tax)6) Метеорология: Mobile Environmental Teams7) Железнодорожный термин: Modesto and Empire Traction Company8) Автомобильный термин: Mechanical, Electrical and Trim9) Сокращение: Marksmanship Expert Trainer, Mean European Time, Mission Event Timer, Mobile Electronic warfare Test, metallurgical, meteorological broadcasts, meteorology, Middle European Time (GMT + 0100), Mesh-Emitter Transistor, Methionine aminoacid10) Физиология: Metabolic Equivalent11) Вычислительная техника: Memory Enhancement Technology (Hewlett-Packard), Middle European Time-1:00, расширение файлов в формате IBM Presentation, Middle European Time (+0100, TZ, CET, METDST, MEZ), Memory Enhancement Technology (HP)12) Нефть: mineral extraction tax13) Иммунология: Microbial Exploration Technology14) Фирменный знак: Meridian Energy Therapies15) Деловая лексика: Multidisciplinary Evaluation Team16) Образование: Metropolitan Educational Theatre, Mobile Education Team, Motivation Education And Training17) Расширение файла: Middle European Time (+1:00), Memory Enhancement Technology (Hewlett-Packard), Graphics metafile (OS/2), Metafile (OS/2), Document (Omnipage Pro), OS/2 graphics metafile (PICVIEW.EXE), Macro Editor top overflow file (WordPerfect Library)18) Электротехника: maximum electrical torque19) Аэропорты: Moreton, Queensland, Australia20) НАСА: Mission Elapsed Time -
95 TFE
1) Авиация: турбореактивный двухконтурный двигатель2) Военный термин: Time For Execution, Transportation Feasibility Estimator, terminal flight evaluation, terrain-following evaluator, time fire exercise, trainer flight equipment4) Сокращение: Tactical Field Exchange, Tactical Firing Evaluation, Terrain-Following E-scope, Trusted Front-End Processor, tetrafluoroethylene, time from event, ТФЭ (тетрафторэтилен - tetrafluoroethylene)5) Электроника: thin film encapsulation6) Вычислительная техника: Thin Film Electronics (Hersteller, Norwegen, Schweden)7) Нефть: total Fina elf8) Банковское дело: Срочная биржа Торонто (Канада; Toronto Futures Exchange)9) Транспорт: Transmission Fluid Equipment10) Фирменный знак: Technical and Field Engineering, Inc.11) Экология: Task Force on the Environment12) Деловая лексика: Trans Fleet Enterprise13) Инвестиции: Toronto Futures Exchange14) Контроль качества: test facilities and equipment15) Пластмассы: Polytetrafluoroethylene16) Химическое оружие: fuel element17) Должность: Textile Fiber Engineering18) Чат: Til Forever Ends -
96 met
1) Компьютерная техника: master earth terminal, multibutton electronic telephone2) Медицина: метаболический эквивалент нагрузки (metabolic equivalent of task), meta-analysis (мета-анализ), метаболический эквивалент, medical emergency team3) Военный термин: MILSTAR Engineering Development Model Terminal, Materials Energy Toxicity, Mobile Exploitation Team, maintenance equipment training, management engineering team, mechanical transport, medium equipment transporter, meteorological station, minimum exposure time, missile electrical technician, missile escort team, mobile equipment transporter, multienvironmental trainer, Medium Earth Terminal (w/in CARS)4) Техника: metallurgist, metallurgy, meteorological broadcast, multienvironment trainer5) Общая лексика: НДПИ (Mineral Extraction Tax)6) Метеорология: Mobile Environmental Teams7) Железнодорожный термин: Modesto and Empire Traction Company8) Автомобильный термин: Mechanical, Electrical and Trim9) Сокращение: Marksmanship Expert Trainer, Mean European Time, Mission Event Timer, Mobile Electronic warfare Test, metallurgical, meteorological broadcasts, meteorology, Middle European Time (GMT + 0100), Mesh-Emitter Transistor, Methionine aminoacid10) Физиология: Metabolic Equivalent11) Вычислительная техника: Memory Enhancement Technology (Hewlett-Packard), Middle European Time-1:00, расширение файлов в формате IBM Presentation, Middle European Time (+0100, TZ, CET, METDST, MEZ), Memory Enhancement Technology (HP)12) Нефть: mineral extraction tax13) Иммунология: Microbial Exploration Technology14) Фирменный знак: Meridian Energy Therapies15) Деловая лексика: Multidisciplinary Evaluation Team16) Образование: Metropolitan Educational Theatre, Mobile Education Team, Motivation Education And Training17) Расширение файла: Middle European Time (+1:00), Memory Enhancement Technology (Hewlett-Packard), Graphics metafile (OS/2), Metafile (OS/2), Document (Omnipage Pro), OS/2 graphics metafile (PICVIEW.EXE), Macro Editor top overflow file (WordPerfect Library)18) Электротехника: maximum electrical torque19) Аэропорты: Moreton, Queensland, Australia20) НАСА: Mission Elapsed Time -
97 package
1) узел; агрегат; блок; модуль2) набор, комплект3) упаковка4) тара; контейнер5) пакет программ; программное обеспечение6) совокупность•- 3D geometry programming package
- additive package
- animation software package
- application package
- application program package
- basic NC package
- Belleville spring package
- benchmark package
- CAD package
- CAD/CAM package
- calc-assist package
- calc-assisted package
- CAM package
- CAM-based package
- CAM-program package
- canned software package
- CAPP software package
- CNC and drives package
- CNC conversion package
- CNC mill package
- CNC rebuild package
- communications control package
- competent CNC package
- comprehensive NC package
- computer graphic package
- controller-and-drives package
- dc servo CNC package
- design package
- design software package
- distributed drafting package
- distributed intelligence interactive drafting package
- drafting package
- drive engineering package
- drive package
- dynamic simulation package
- electric motor hydraulic pump package
- electronic control package
- electronic drive package
- engineering package
- equipment package
- estimating package
- finite element design package
- fixturing/tooling package
- FMS simulation package
- function package
- generic package
- graphical package
- graphics package
- hardware/software package
- hermetic package
- instructional package
- inventory control package
- machine control package
- macro language package
- micromainframe software package
- OLP package
- PC-/workstation-based software package
- plug-in package
- production control software package
- program package
- proprietary package
- proprietary software package
- retrofit package
- robot vision package
- servoaxis package
- simulation package
- single-in-line package
- size control package
- software package
- solid modeling package
- spreadsheet package
- statistical software package
- strip package
- task-level programming package
- telegram communications package
- thermal design package
- tool package
- tool path plotting graphics package
- tooling package
- training package
- turnkey package
- tutorial package
- valve packageEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > package
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98 performance
1) характеристики, рабочие характеристики; эксплуатационные показатели; качество обработки2) работа; действие4) эффективность; производительность; отдача•- air-fuel performance
- altitude performance
- altitude-velocity performance
- belt performance
- bench performance
- best performance
- brake performance
- cavitation performance of pump
- cell schedule performance
- cell/operator performance
- chatter performance
- command performance
- control performance
- cutting performance
- dynamic performance
- engine performance
- engineering performance
- engineering-and-economical performance
- error-free performance
- estimated performance
- fault-free performance
- flexible performance
- laser operational performance
- LMFC performance
- long-term performance of machines
- machining performance
- metal removal performance
- metrological performance
- oil-pump performance
- operating performance of pump
- operating performance
- optimum performance
- output performance
- process performance
- production performance
- reference performance
- regulating performance
- robot performance
- second operation performance
- self-suction performance
- servo performance
- size cutting performance
- starting performance
- static performance
- sustained performance
- system performance
- task performance
- throttle performance
- throughput performance
- transient performance
- trial performance
- velocity performance
- vendor performance
- wheel performanceEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > performance
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99 environment
1) окружение; обстановка; среда; (внешние) условия4) конфигурация (напр., сети или системы)5) контекст6) оборудование ( КОБОЛ)7) матем. окрестность•- baseline test environment
- command environment
- computing environment
- computing/communications environment
- current environment
- data-managed environment
- design environment
- development environment
- distributed environment
- DOS environment
- execution environment
- exotic environment
- external environment
- growth-oriented environment
- hardware environment
- harsh environment
- hypertext environment
- IBM environment
- integrated environment
- interface environment
- list-making environment
- man-machine environment
- mixed-vendor environment
- multiple-net environment
- multiprocessing environment
- multisystem environment
- multitasking environment
- multiwindowing environment
- nested environment
- on-line environment
- open environment
- operational environment
- problem-solving environment
- processing environment
- programming environment
- real-life environment
- referencing environment
- run-time environment
- silicon engineering environment
- simulated environment
- single-task environment
- single-user environment
- single-vendor environment
- software development environment
- software engineering environment
- software environment
- tabbing environment
- tabular environment
- time-sharing environment
- use environment
- user environmentEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > environment
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100 Deas, James
[br]b. 30 October 1827 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. c.1900 Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish civil engineer responsible for the River Clyde in the period of expansion around the end of the nineteenth century.[br]On completing his schooling, Deas spent some years in a locomotive manufacturing shop in Edinburgh and then in a civil engineer's office. He selected the railway for his career, and moved upwards through the professional ranks, working for different companies until 1864 when he became Engineer-in-Chief of the Edinburgh \& Glasgow Railway. This later became the North British Railway and after some years, in 1869, Deas moved to the Clyde Navigation Trust as their Engineer. For thirty years he controlled the development of this great river, and with imaginative vision and determined hard work he saw a trebling in revenue, length of quayage and water area under the Trust's jurisdiction. His office worked on a wide range of problems, including civil engineering, maintenance of harbour craft and the drafting of reports for the many Parliamentary Acts required for the extension of Glasgow Harbour. To understand the immensity of the task, one must appreciate that the River Clyde then had sixty-five shipyards and could handle the largest ships afloat. This had come through the canalization of the old meandering and shallow stream and the difficult removal of the river bed's rock barriers.[br]Bibliography1876, The River Clyde, Glasgow.Further ReadingJohn F.Riddell, 1979, Clyde Navigation, A History of the Development and Deepening of the River Clyde, Edinburgh: John Donald.FMW
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