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1 encryption
E-coma means of encoding information, especially financial data, so that it can be transmitted over the Internet without being read by unauthorized parties.Within an Internet security system, a secure server uses encryption when transferring or receiving data from the Web. Credit card information, for example, which could be targeted by a hacker, is encrypted by the server, turning it into special code that will then be decrypted only when it is safely within the server environment. Once the information has been acted on, it is either deleted or stored in encrypted form. -
2 encryption key
E-coma sequence of characters known to both or all parties to a communication, used to initiate the encryption process -
3 Data Encryption Standard
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4 DES
abbr. E-comData Encryption Standard: the most widely used standard for encrypting sensitive business information -
5 P2P
abbr. E-compeer-to-peer: a means of optimizing the networking capabilities of the Internet among groups of computers. Effectively it puts every computer on an equal footing, in that each can be both a publisher and consumer of information. The traditional model on the Web is the client-server one: the client is a computer that is able only to receive information; the server, on the other hand, publishes information on a Web site. Peer-to-peer makes a computer both a server and a client. Perhaps the best-known example of peer-to-peer is Napster, which enabled person A to search for and download music from person B’s computer, while person B could search for and download music from person A’s computer.There are several options for the use of peer-to-peer technologies. Information/ content: where the content on your computer becomes accessible to everyone else in the peer-to-peer environment, and vice versa. Processing sharing: where computers with spare processing capacity network together in order to combine resources. Using a large number of computers, this can create very significant processing capabilities. Services: a computer user can offer services to other people in the peer-to-peer network. File sharing: if person A downloads a file from a central server (an e-learning course from the Internet, for example), other people can use it from person A’s machine instead of having to download it again, significantly reducing strain on bandwidth.The main problem with peer-to-peer is the issue of security, and therefore it is essential to authenticate users. Many peer-to-peer interactions also use encryption, which ensures that the communication is secure as it is being passed from computer to computer. -
6 Shannon, Claude Elwood
[br]b. 30 April 1916 Gaylord, Michigan, USA[br]American mathematician, creator of information theory.[br]As a child, Shannon tinkered with radio kits and enjoyed solving puzzles, particularly crypto-graphic ones. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1936 with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics and electrical engineering, and earned his Master's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1937. His thesis on applying Boolean algebra to switching circuits has since been acclaimed as possibly the most significant this century. Shannon earned his PhD in mathematics from MIT in 1940 with a dissertation on the mathematics of genetic transmission.Shannon spent a year at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, then in 1941 joined Bell Telephone Laboratories, where he began studying the relative efficiency of alternative transmission systems. Work on digital encryption systems during the Second World War led him to think that just as ciphers hide information from the enemy, "encoding" information could also protect it from noise. About 1948, he decided that the amount of information was best expressed quantitatively in a two-value number system, using only the digits 0 and 1. John Tukey, a Princeton colleague, named these units "binary digits" (or, for short, "bits"). Almost all digital computers and communications systems use such on-off, or two-state logic as their basis of operation.Also in the 1940s, building on the work of H. Nyquist and R.V.L. Hartley, Shannon proved that there was an upper limit to the amount of information that could be transmitted through a communications channel in a unit of time, which could be approached but never reached because real transmissions are subject to interference (noise). This was the beginning of information theory, which has been used by others in attempts to quantify many sciences and technologies, as well as subjects in the humanities, but with mixed results. Before 1970, when integrated circuits were developed, Shannon's theory was not the preferred circuit-and-transmission design tool it has since become.Shannon was also a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence, claiming that computing machines could be used to manipulate symbols as well as do calculations. His 1953 paper on computers and automata proposed that digital computers were capable of tasks then thought exclusively the province of living organisms. In 1956 he left Bell Laboratories to join the MIT faculty as Professor of Communications Science.On the lighter side, Shannon has built many devices that play games, and in particular has made a scientific study of juggling.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNational Medal of Science. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honor, Kyoto Prize.BibliographyHis seminal paper (on what has subsequently become known as information theory) was entitled "The mathematical theory of communications", first published in Bell System Technical Journal in 1948; it is also available in a monograph (written with Warren Weaver) published by the University of Illinois Press in 1949, and in Key Papers in the Development of Information Theory, ed. David Slepian, IEEE Press, 1974, 1988. For readers who want all of Shannon's works, see N.J.A.Sloane and A.D.Wyner, 1992, TheCollected Papers of Claude E.Shannon.HO
См. также в других словарях:
encryption — n. the process of converting messages in ordinary language, or other information into a secret coded form that cannot be interpreted without knowing the secret method for interpretation, called the key. Note: Encryption is used commonly to allow… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
encryption — n. The practice of converting information into code that can only be deciphered with a key. The Essential Law Dictionary. Sphinx Publishing, An imprint of Sourcebooks, Inc. Amy Hackney Blackwell. 2008. encryption … Law dictionary
Encryption — [dt. »Verschlüsselung«], Datenverschlüsselung … Universal-Lexikon
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encryption — encrypt en‧crypt [ɪnˈkrɪpt] verb [transitive] COMPUTING to write information in the form of code, especially to prevent certain people from being able to use it: • The program encrypts your password when you use the software for the first time.… … Financial and business terms
encryption — The process of encoding information in an attempt to make it secure from unauthorized access, particularly during transmission. There verse of this process is known as decryption. Two main encryption schemes are in common use: • Private… … Dictionary of networking
encryption — The encoding of electronic data so that it can be transmitted without interception. With the growing use of the Internet for commercial purposes, there has been an ongoing need for secure encryption methods, notably in the transmission of credit… … Accounting dictionary
encryption — The encoding of electronic data so that it can be transmitted without interception. With the growing use of the Internet for commercial purposes, there has been an ongoing need for secure encryption methods, notably in the transmission of credit… … Big dictionary of business and management
encryption — šifravimas statusas T sritis automatika atitikmenys: angl. ciphering; enciphering; encryption; scrambling vok. Verschlüsselung, f rus. шифрование, n pranc. chiffrage, m; codage, m … Automatikos terminų žodynas
encryption — užšifravimas statusas T sritis informatika apibrėžtis Specialus informacijos kodavimo būdas siekiant ją įslaptinti. Užšifruota informacija gali būti iššifruojama tik žinant ↑raktą (3). ↑Neskelbtina informacija arba ↑slaptoji informacija… … Enciklopedinis kompiuterijos žodynas
encryption — encrypt ► VERB ▪ convert into code. DERIVATIVES encryption noun. ORIGIN from Greek kruptos hidden … English terms dictionary
