enchains

ჯაჭვით აბამს

one who links or enchains; stringer of beads.

rĕ-tĭnĕo, ŭi, tentum, 2, v. a. [teneo].

(With the signif. of the re predominating.) To hold or keep back, not let go; to detain, retain; to restrain (class.; cf. restringo).

Lit.: Ep. Asta, abire hinc non sinam. Th. Quid nunc me retines? Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 61:

quotiens foras ego ire volo, me retines, revocas,

id. Men. 1, 2, 5:

quid, malum, astas? Quin retines altrinsecus?

id. Mil. 2, 5, 36; id. Stich. 2, 3, 11:

te dexterā retinens manu Opsecro,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 82: si magis vis, eam omittam. Py. Nolo;

retine,

id. Mil. 4, 8, 27:

retine me,

id. Curc. 2, 3, 11; Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 23:

concilium dimittit, Liscum retinet,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

homines,

Cic. Att. 13, 14, 1:

ab his fit initium retinendi Silii, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8; 3, 9; 3, 10 et saep.:

milites,

id. ib. 7, 47; 7, 52; cf.:

milites in loco,

id. B. C. 3, 92:

legiones ad urbem,

id. ib. 1, 2;

1, 9: cohortes apud se,

id. ib. 2, 19:

venit Varro ad me, et quidem id tempus, ut retinendus esset,

when he must be kept, Cic. Att. 13, 33, 4:

biduum tempestate retentus,

detained, Caes. B. C. 3, 102; cf. id. B. G. 7, 1; Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 12; cf.:

aegre sunt retenti, quin oppidum irrumperent,

Caes. B. C. 2, 13 fin.:

vi me, vi inquam, Plancius et complexu suo retinuit,

Cic. Planc. 41, 100:

nisi jam profecti sunt, retinebis homines,

id. Att. 13, 14, 1:

euntem,

Ov. H. 18, 99:

aliquem vinclis,

id. R. Am. 213:

consulem,

Liv. 37, 51:

morbo retineri,

id. 34, 10;

v. also infra, B.: armorum parte tertiā celatà atque in oppido retentā,

Caes. B. G. 2, 32 fin.; 2, 33:

naves pro bonis Tarquiniorum ab Aristodemo retentae sunt,

i. e. as security, Liv. 2, 34, 4:

vinum portantes naves tempestatibus retentas esse,

id. 37, 27, 2; Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 45:

mercedem,

to keep back, stop, id. As. 2, 4, 37:

alienum,

Cic. Fl. 23, 56:

lacrimas,

Ov. M. 1, 647:

manus ab ore,

id. ib. 9, 575 et saep.:

mulierem,

to hold, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 33; cf.:

mulierem per vim,

id. Bacch. 4, 8, 2:

arcum manu,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 74:

faculas sagittas,

Prop. 2, 29 (3, 27), 5; cf.:

injectā manu ferreā et retentā utrāque nave,

Caes. B. C. 1, 58:

sudor madidā veste retentus,

Mart. 5, 79, 3.—

Trop., to hold in check, keep within bounds, to restrain, check, repress, etc.: hoc servi esse officium reor, retinere at salutem (erum), Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 8:

liberos retinere,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 33; Cic. Rep. 2, 25, 46; cf.:

moderantem cursum atque in suā potestate retinentem,

id. ib. 1, 29, 45:

gaudia,

Ov. M. 12, 285:

rabiem,

id. ib. 3, 566:

verba dolore,

id. ib. 10, 474:

aliquem in officio,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 25, 70:

animos sociorum in fide,

Liv. 25, 40:

retineri nequeo quin dicam ea, quae promeres,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 15 (cf. supra, A.):

quae (varietas) vehementer animos hominum in legendo tuo scripto retinere possit... ordo ipse annalium mediocriter nos retinet,

binds, enchains, Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 4 and 5:

(picus) Ore suo volucres vagas retinere solebat,

Ov. M. 14, 340:

lingua retenta metu,

id. H. 11, 82:

retinentibus vobis, erumperem,

Curt. 6, 3, 5.—

(With the signif. of the verb predominant.) To hold fast, keep, retain, preserve, maintain, etc. (freq. only since the class. per.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.; cf. obtineo).

Lit.: potius mansuetudine et innocentiā imperatoris provinciam quam vi militum aut benignitate deorum retentam atque conservatam esse, Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2:

oppidum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 21 fin.:

arces (Minerva),

to preserve, protect, Cat. 64, 8:

id egit, ut amicos observantiā, rem parsimoniā retineret,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59; cf.:

retinere servareque amicos,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 89:

summos cum infimis pari jure,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 41:

Aegyptum,

Curt. 4, 1, 30:

regionem,

id. 6, 5, 21:

neque virtutem qui habet virtute retinetur in vitā,

Cic. Fin. 3, 18, 61 B. and K.: fortunam citius reperias quam retineas, Publ. Syr. 168 Rib. —

Trop.:

retinete (fidem), post factum ut laetemini,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 30:

existimo jus augurum... rei publicae causā conservatum ac retentum,

Cic. Div. 2, 35, 75; so,

jus suum,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 37; Caes. B. C. 1, 5:

statum suum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 43:

pristinam virtutem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 48, 91; cf.:

vestigium pristinae dignitatis,

Cic. Sull. 32, 91:

officium,

id. Off. 3, 29, 105:

justitiam (with colere),

id. ib. 2, 12, 42 Beier; id. Inv. 1, 1, 3:

caritatem in pastores,

id. Lael. 19, 70:

utilitatem in amicitiā et fidem,

id. ib. 24, 88:

hunc morem usque adhuc,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36; cf. id. ib. 2, 9, 16:

de finibus retentae defensaeque sententiae,

id. Tusc. 5, 30, 84:

gravitatem retinere, iracundiam pellere,

id. Off. 1, 38, 137:

ferociam animi in vultu,

Sall. C. 61, 4:

memoriam suae pristinae virtutis, tot secundissimorum proeliorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21; 7, 62:

aliquid memoriā,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33:

commissa (aures),

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 70 et saep.:

ut Palaemo et Telamo et Plato dicerentur, retinuerunt,

Quint. 1, 5, 60.— With ne, Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 56.—

Post-class. for memoriā retinere, to keep in mind, remember:

sive ille Hasdrubal est, sive quis alius, non retineo,

Gell. 17, 9, 16.—With object-clause:

retineo me dixisse,

Dig. 35, 1, 92 init. — Hence, rĕtĭnens, entis, P. a., holding fast, tenacious, observant of any thing (class.; cf. tenax); constr. with gen.:

homo sui juris dignitatisque retinens,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11:

nimium equestris juris et libertatis,

id. Planc. 23, 55:

avitae nobilitatis,

Tac. A. 2, 38 fin.:

modestiae,

id. ib. 5, 11:

Seleuci conditoris (civitas),

i. e. retaining his institutions, id. ib. 6, 42; cf.:

antiqui moris,

id. ib. 16, 5 et saep. — Sup.:

proprietatum in verbis retinentissimus,

Gell. 10, 20, 10.

chaining, enchaining, enchains

1. captivates

2. enchains

3. fetters

4. shackles

5. trammels