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1 elda
1. originally adj. "of the stars", but wholly replaced WJ:362 by: 2. noun Elda = one of the people of the Stars, high-elf, an Elf SA:êl, elen, Letters:281, ELED, ÉLED; notice that Tolkien abandoned a former etymology with "depart", chiefly in the pl. Eldar WJ:362, cf. GATH, TELES.The primitive form Tolkien variously cited as ¤eledā/ elenā Letters:281, PE17:152 and ¤eldā WJ:360. Partitive pl. Eldali VT49:8, gen. pl. Eldaron WJ:368, PM:395, 402;dative pl.eldain "for elves", for Eldar FS; possessive sg. Eldava "Elf's" WJ:407; possessive pl. Eldaiva WJ:368, Eldaivë governing a plural word WJ:369. The word Eldar properly refers to the non-Avari Elves only, but since Eldar rarely had any contact with the Avari, it could be used for "elves" in general in LT1:251, Elda is simply glossed "Elf". See also Eldo. The plural form Eldar should not require any article when the reference is to the entire people; i Eldar refers to a limited group, all the Elves previously named; nevertheless, Tolkien in some sources does use the article even where the reference seems to be generic i Eldar or i-Eldar, VT49:8. -
2 -li
partitive pl. ending simply called a plural suffix in the Etymologies, stem LI. The ending is used to indicate a plural that is neither generic e.g. Eldar the Elves as a race nor definite preceded by article; hence Eldali is used for some Elves a particular group of Elves, when they are first mentioned in a narrative, VT49:8. Sometimes Tolkien also lets -li imply a great number; in PE17:129, the form falmalinnar from Namárië is broken down as falma-uli/u-nnar foam wave-umany/u-towards-pl. ending, and falmali by itself Tolkien translated many waves PE17:73. A distinct accusative in -līseems to occur in the phrase an i falmalīPE17:127, apparently meaning the same as i falmalinnar, but replacing the allative ending with a preposition. Genitive -lion in vanimálion, malinornélion q.v. for reference, allative -linna and -linnar in falmalinnar, q.v. The endings for other cases are only known from the Plotz letter: possessive -líva, dative -lin, locative -lissë or -lissen, ablative -lillo or -lillon, instrumental -línen, "short locative" -lis. When the noun ends in a consonant, r and n is assimilated before l, e.g. Casalli as the partitive pl. of Casar Dwarf WJ:402, or elelli as the partitive pl. of elen star PE17:127. It is unclear whether the same happens in monosyllabic words, or whether a connecting vowel would be slipped in before -li e.g. ?queneli or ?quelli as the partitive pl. of quén, quen- person. -
3 aman
adj. "blessed, free from evil". Adopted and adapted from Valarin WJ:399, though in other versions Tolkien cited an Elvish etymology cf. VT49:26-27. Place-name Aman the Blessed Realm, from the stem mān- "good, blessed, unmarred" SA:mān, translated Unmarred State VT49:26. Allative Amanna VT49:26. Adj. amanya "of Aman, *Amanian" WJ:411, nominal pl. Amanyar "those of Aman", Elves dwelling there with negations Úamanyar, Alamanyar "those not of Aman". Also fuller Amaneldi noun *"Aman-elves" WJ:373.Masc. name Amandil *"Aman-friend" Appendix A, SA:mān, the father of Elendil; also name of the Númenorean king Tar-Amandil UT:210. -
4 Eldalië
noun "the Elven-folk" often used vaguely to mean all the race of Elves, though it properly did not include the Avari WJ:374, ÉLED; possessive Eldaliéva in the name Mindon Eldaliéva, q.v. Qenya genitive in -n in Eldalien as part of the title Quenta Eldalien History of the Elves SD:303. -
5 Úmaneldi
noun *"Non-Aman Elves", Elves who never dwelt in Aman = Úmanyar WJ:373. Sg. \#Úmanel, \#Úmaneld-. -
6 Calaquendi
pl. noun "Elves of the Light, Light-elves" SA:kal-, SA:quen-/quet-, WJ:361, WJ:373; spelt Kalaqendi in Etym KAL. Sg. *Calaquendë. -
7 avar
noun "recusant, one who refuses to act as advised or commanded"; pl. Avari Elves that refused to join in the westward march to Aman WJ:371, singular Avar in WJ:377 and VT47:13, 24.The Etymologies gives Avar or Avaro, pl. Avari"Elves who never left Middle-earth or began the march" AB/ABAR -
8 Coroloisi
"k", noun: possibly an empheral name of the Elves "not of Kor" in the Blessed Realm. Tolkien changed this plural from Coroloiti VT45:29. It is not quite clear what the intended singular is. -
9 Eru
divine name "the One" = God VT43:32, VT44:16-17, "the One God" Letters:387, a name reserved for the most solemn occasions WJ:402. Often in the combination Eru Ilúvatar, "Eru Allfather" cf. MR:112. Genitive Eruo MR:329, VT43:28/32, dative Erun VT44:32, 34. The adjectival form Eruva "divine" Eruva lissëo "of divine grace", VT44:18 would be identical to the form appearing in the possessive case. Compound nouns: Eruhantalë "Thanksgiving to Eru", a Númenórean festival UT:166, 436, Eruhin pl. Eruhíni "Children of Eru", Elves and Men WJ:403; SA:híni, cf. Eruhîn in Letters:345, Eruion *"son of God" or "God the Son"? VT44:16, Erukyermë "Prayer to Eru", a Númenórean festival UT:166, 436, Erulaitalë "Praise of Eru", a Númenórean festival UT:166, 436, Eruamillë "Mother of God" in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary, VT43:32, see also VT44:7, Eruontari, Eruontarië other translations of "Mother Begetter of God" VT44:7, 18, Erusén "the children of God" RGEO:74; this is a strange form with no plural ending; contrast the synonym Eruhíni. \#Eruanna and \#erulissë, various terms for "grace", literally "God-gift" and "God-sweetness", respectively VT43:29; these words are attested in the genitive and instrumental case, respectively: Eruanno, erulissenen. -
10 Elendë
1 place-name "Elvenhome", regions of Valinor where the Elves dwelt and the stars could be seen MR:176, ÉLED. Plural ablative elendellor in the phrase et elendellor, evidently *"out of the elf-lands" VT45:13. -
11 Ingwë
masc. name, "chief", name of the "prince of Elves" PM:340, ING, WEG, VT45:18. Pl. Ingwer "Chieftains", what the Vanyar called themselves so in PM:340, but in PM:332 the plural has the more regular form Ingwi. Ingwë Ingweron "chief of the chieftains", proper title of Ingwë as high king PM:340. In the Etymologies, Ingwë is also said to be the name of a symbol used in writing: a short carrier with an i-tehta above it, denoting short i VT45:18. -
12 Ilcorin
"k" noun *"not of Kor", describing Elves not of the Blessed Realm; variant of Alcorin LA, ARsup2/sup, VT45:5 -
13 Minnónar
pl. noun "First-born", Elves as contrasted to Apanónar, the After-born, Men. Sg. \#MinnónaWJ:403 -
14 tirion
noun "watch-tower, tower" TIR; in early "Qenya" the gloss was "a mighty tower, a city on a hill" LT1:258. Tirion "Great Watchtower", a city of the Elves in the Blessed Realm SA:tir; in MR:176 the translation is "Watchful City" -
15 Nando
1 pl. Nandor noun name of the Green-elves Laiquendi. The primitive word ¤ndandō, whence Quenya Nando, implied "one who goes back on his word or decision", since the Nandor left the March from Cuiviénen to Aman. Adj. Nandorin. WJ:412, VT48:32 -
16 yo
conj. and, often used between two items of any part of speech that were by nature or custom clearly associated, like the names of spouses Manwë yo Varda, or sword and sheath *macil yo vainë, bow and arrows *quinga yo pilindi, or groups like Elves and Men Eldar yo Fírimor but contrast eldain a fírimoin dative forms in FS, where Tolkien joins the words with a, seemingly simply a variant of the common conjunction ar. In one source, yo is apparently a preposition "with" yo hildinyar = *"with my heirs", SD:56. -
17 fana
noun term denoting the "veils" or "raiment" in which the Valar presented themselves to physical eyes, the bodies in which they were self-incarnated, usually in the shape of the bodies of Elves and Men RGEO:74, PE17:173-180. According to PE17:26, fana may be said to mean shape with added notion of light and whiteness, it is thus often used where we might use a vision of something beautiful or sublime, yet with no connotation of uncertainty or unreality. -
18 Esselda
, noun? adj.?, deleted form which Tolkien never clearly glossed: *"first-elf"? Or an old comparative in -lda denoting something like "elder"? The word occurs in a context where Tolkien is considering terms for the Elves as the "Firstborn", aka "Elder Kindred" VT45:12, cf. ESE-, ESET- -
19 vanima
adj. "beautiful, fair" BAN, VT39:14 glossed "proper, right, fair" in early "Qenya", LT1:272, though a later source says the word is used only of living things, especially Elves and Men, PE17:150; nominal pl. vanimar "beautiful ones", partitive pl. genitive vanimálion, translated "of beautiful children", but literally meaning *"of some beautiful ones" LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated in Letters:308. Arwen vanimalda "Beautiful Arwen", literally "Arwen your beauty" see -lda for reference; changed to Arwen vanimelda in the second edition of LotR; see vanimelda. -
20 hanu
noun "a male of Men or Elves, male animal, man" 3AN, VT45:16
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