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1 Elitism
In spite of the national commitment to the principles of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, France remains marked by traditions of elitism that are ingrained in the very fibre of society. The French Revolution was supposed to have done away with privileges and elites, and usher in an age of greater equality; in the event, it - and subsequent upheavals - changed the nature of the elites in France, without making a great impact on the underlying system. Indeed, the notion of 'republican elites' is one that was fundamental in the shaping of post-Revolutionary France.In terms of local power, the role of local notables - important figures - remains strong. Notables frequently fulfil multiple roles in local administration and structures, sometimes combining these with elected positions on a regional or national scale, giving them and their close supporters a considerable degree of power. (See Cumul des mandats). They are frequently referred to as les elites locales. The process of devolution in France, set in motion in 1982, has had the effect of strengthening the power base of local elites.The French education system, while offering a good quality non-selective education to all children at lower levels, is increasingly elitist towards the top, particularly when it comes to preparing for higher education. Manyclasses préparatoires, particularly those preparing students for entrance to the top institutions of higher education, called Grandes Ecoles, are very selective, and the selection process - and for that matter the system itself - often disfavours students from humble or poorer backgrounds. The Grandes Ecoles themselves, tailor-made to the needs of the nation, train the future leaders and decision makers in specific fields of the public or private sector, producing very close networks of former students, that make the British concept of the "old-boy network" seem rather informal.Places in the top grandes écoles and some other institutions are highly sought after, as graduates from these schools are seen in France as a sort of caste, membership of which is highly recommended, if not essential, for anyone wanting to reach the top. The classic example of this is the ENA, Ecole Normale d'Administration, the Grande Ecole designed to train top civil servants and future political leaders. In the corridors of French power, many if not most of the top positions are occupied by Enarques, graduates of the ENA. In 1967, Jean-Pierre Chevènement - himself an Enarque, and later to be Minister of the Interior under François Mitterrand - coined the word Enarchie, to define the French system of state elites.As for business elites, a 2006 review in the Economist observed that they "often seem to owe more allegiance to the group from which they are drawn than to the international corporations they work for."Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Elitism
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2 élitisme
См. также в других словарях:
Elitism — is the belief or attitude that some individuals, who form an elite a select group of people with intellect, wealth, specialized training or experience, or other distinctive attributes are those whose views on a matter are to be taken the most… … Wikipedia
elitism — ELITÍSM, s.n. Concepţie, doctrină care susţine rolul determinant al elitei în societate. – Din fr. élitisme, engl. elitism. Trimis de cata, 04.03.2008. Sursa: DEX 98 elitísm s. n. Trimis de siveco, 10.08.2004. Sursa: Dicţionar ortografic … … Dicționar Român
elitism — 1951; see ELITE (Cf. elite) + ISM (Cf. ism) … Etymology dictionary
elitism — ► NOUN 1) the belief that a society or system should be run by an elite. 2) the superior attitude or behaviour associated with an elite. DERIVATIVES elitist adjective & noun … English terms dictionary
elitism — [i lētiz΄əm, ā lēt′iz΄əm] n. 1. government or control by an elite 2. advocacy of control by, or privileges for, an elite 3. the fact of sensing or believing that one is a member of an elite … English World dictionary
elitism — [[t]ɪli͟ːtɪzəm, eɪ [/t]] N UNCOUNT Elitism is the quality or practice of being elitist. Will severe selection standards create elitism and threaten the Olympic ethic of participation?... It became difficult to promote conventional ideas of… … English dictionary
élitism — chiefly British variant of elitism … New Collegiate Dictionary
elitism — noun Date: 1947 1. leadership or rule by an elite 2. the selectivity of the elite; especially snobbery < elitism in choosing new members > 3. consciousness of being or belonging to an elite • elitist noun or adjective … New Collegiate Dictionary
elitism — e|lit|ism [ ı lit,ızəm ] noun uncount the belief that a small group of people who have a lot of advantages should keep the most power and influence: The older universities were accused of elitism. ╾ e|lit|ist adjective, noun count … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
elitism — UK [ɪˈliːˌtɪz(ə)m] / US [ɪˈlɪtˌɪzəm] noun [uncountable] the belief that a small group of people who have a lot of advantages should keep the most power and influence The older universities were accused of elitism … English dictionary
elitism — /əˈlitɪzəm / (say uh leetizuhm), /eɪ / (say ay ), /i / (say ee ) noun 1. practice of or belief in rule by an elite. 2. consciousness of or pride in belonging to a select or favoured group. 3. snobbery; anti democratic sentiment: *As everywhere… …
