electric+power+tools

1) Engineering: electrical tool, power tool

2) Construction: electric hand tools, electric hand-held tools, electric power tools, electric tool, electrically driven tools, portable electric power tools

3) Forestry: power-driven tool

4) Electronics: electro-driven tool

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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Davidson, son of an Aberdeen merchant, attended Marischal College, Aberdeen, between 1819 and 1822: his studies included mathematics, mechanics and chemistry. He subsequently joined his father's grocery business, which from time to time received enquiries for yeast: to meet these, Davidson began to manufacture yeast for sale and from that start built up a successful chemical manufacturing business with the emphasis on yeast and dyes. About 1837 he started to experiment first with electric batteries and then with motors. He invented a form of electromagnetic engine in which soft iron bars arranged on the periphery of a wooden cylinder, parallel to its axis, around which the cylinder could rotate, were attracted by fixed electromagnets. These were energized in turn by current controlled by a simple commutaring device. Electric current was produced by his batteries. His activities were brought to the attention of Michael Faraday and to the scientific world in general by a letter from Professor Forbes of King's College, Aberdeen. Davidson declined to patent his inventions, believing that all should be able freely to draw advantage from them, and in order to afford an opportunity for all interested parties to inspect them an exhibition was held at 36 Union Street, Aberdeen, in October 1840 to demonstrate his "apparatus actuated by electro-magnetic power". It included: a model locomotive carriage, large enough to carry two people, that ran on a railway; a turning lathe with tools for visitors to use; and a small printing machine. In the spring of 1842 he put on a similar exhibition in Edinburgh, this time including a sawmill. Davidson sought support from railway companies for further experiments and the construction of an electromagnetic locomotive; the Edinburgh exhibition successfully attracted the attention of the proprietors of the Edinburgh 585\& Glasgow Railway (E \& GR), whose line had been opened in February 1842. Davidson built a full-size locomotive incorporating his principle, apparently at the expense of the railway company. The locomotive weighed 7 tons: each of its two axles carried a cylinder upon which were fastened three iron bars, and four electromagnets were arranged in pairs on each side of the cylinders. The motors he used were reluctance motors, the power source being zinc-iron batteries. It was named Galvani and was demonstrated on the E \& GR that autumn, when it achieved a speed of 4 mph (6.4 km/h) while hauling a load of 6 tons over a distance of 1 1/2 miles (2.4 km); it was the first electric locomotive. Nevertheless, further support from the railway company was not forthcoming, although to some railway workers the locomotive seems to have appeared promising enough: they destroyed it in Luddite reaction. Davidson staged a further exhibition in London in 1843 without result and then, the cost of battery chemicals being high, ceased further experiments of this type. He survived long enough to see the electric railway become truly practicable in the 1880s.

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PJGR / GW

1 axle-tree.

2 sheers, a machine used for setting up and taking out masts. (Nautical)

3 crane, wheel and winch, windlass, hoist.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 gin

* * *

SF hoist, derrick

* * *

etc see caber

* * *

= hoist, winch, capstan.

Ex. They use a variety of hand and power tools, such as air hammers, nail guns, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, and surveying equipment.

Ex. They supply capstans and winches powered by electric motors to the industrial marine industry and shipyards.

Ex. They supply capstans and winches powered by electric motors to the industrial marine industry and shipyards.

* * *

etc see caber

* * *

* * *

hoist

* * *

1ª persona singular (yo) condicional indicativo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) condicional indicativo

a) ( en un lugar) to fit;

◊ no cabe en la caja it won't fit in the box;

b) ( pasar) to fit, go;

c) [falda/zapatos] to fit;

◊ estos pantalones ya no me caben these trousers don't fit me any more

◊ cabe la posibilidad de que haya perdido el tren he may have missed the train;

◊ 17 entre 5 cabe a 3 y sobran 2 5 into 17 goes 3 times and 2 over

◊ etc see caber

* * *

cabria nf

derrick, crane

* * *

f hoist

1 crane, derrick, derrick crane, hoist.

2 tow truck, wrecker, recovery vehicle, tow car.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (construcción) crane, derrick

2 AUTOMÓVIL breakdown van, US tow truck

* * *

* * *

1) (Téc) crane; (Náut) derrick

2) (Aut) tow truck, towing vehicle

* * *

a) (Const) crane

b) (Auto) ( de taller) wrecker (AmE), breakdown van (BrE); ( de la policía) tow truck

* * *

= derrick, tow truck, hoist, crane, winch, capstan.

Ex. Using a similar analogy later in a presidential address to the ALA, he said that he thought of the public library as 'a derrick, lifting the inert masses'.

Ex. Warning cones or reflective triangles must be carried on tow trucks and should be placed at strategic points alerting other drivers to hazards and giving them time to react.

Ex. They use a variety of hand and power tools, such as air hammers, nail guns, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, and surveying equipment.

Ex. The crane for lifting heavy loads was invented by the ancient Greeks in the late 6th century BC.

Ex. They supply capstans and winches powered by electric motors to the industrial marine industry and shipyards.

Ex. They supply capstans and winches powered by electric motors to the industrial marine industry and shipyards.

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* elevar con grúa = winch.

* operador de grúa = crane operator, crane driver.

* operario de grúa = crane operator, crane driver.

* rescatar con una grúa = winch to + safety.

* * *

a) (Const) crane

b) (Auto) ( de taller) wrecker (AmE), breakdown van (BrE); ( de la policía) tow truck

* * *

* * *

1 ( Const) crane

2 ( Auto) (de un taller) wrecker ( AmE), breakdown van ( BrE); (de la policía) tow truck

[ S ] no aparcar, avisamos or llamamos grúa any vehicles parked here will be towed ( AmE) o ( BrE) towed away

se lo llevó la grúa it was towed (away)

gantry crane

* * *

a) (Const) crane

b) (Auto) ( de taller) wrecker (AmE), breakdown van (BrE);

◊ se lo llevó la grúa it was towed (away)

* * *

grúa nf

1. [máquina] crane

2. [vehículo] [para averías] Br breakdown van o truck, US tow truck;

la grúa (municipal) = breakdown truck which removes illegally parked cars;

se me llevó el coche la grúa my car's been towed away;

se avisa grúa [en letrero] cars parked here will be towed away

3. Cine & TV crane

* * *

1 crane

2 AUTO wrecker, Br

breakdown truck

* * *

grúa nf

1) : crane (machine)

2) : tow truck

* * *

grúa n (máquina) crane

La grúa para los coches averiados se llama breakdown truck y la municipal que retira los coches mal aparcados se llama tow truck

* * *

1. ( единичное орудие труда) tool; ( собирательно) tools, tooling

зата́чивать (ре́жущий) инструме́нт — grind [sharpen] a (cutting) tool

2. (медицинский, музыкальный, научный) instrument

абрази́вный инструме́нт — abrasive tool(s)

пра́вить абрази́вный инструме́нт — true an abrasive tool

абрази́вный, ги́бкий инструме́нт — coated abrasive

алма́зный инструме́нт — diamond tool

астрономи́ческий инструме́нт — astronomical instrument

астрофизи́ческий инструме́нт — astrophysical instrument

безопа́сный инструме́нт (не дающий искру при ударе, немагнитный, некорродирующий) — safety tool(s)

бурово́й инструме́нт — boring [drilling] tool(s)

вырубно́й инструме́нт — blanking tool(s)

высотоме́рный инструме́нт — height-measuring device, height-finding instrument

геодези́ческий инструме́нт — geodetic instrument

геодези́ческий, высокото́чный инструме́нт — first-order geodetic instrument

ги́бочный инструме́нт — bending tool(s)

горново́й инструме́нт — forge tool(s)

гравирова́льный инструме́нт — etching device, (en)graver

давя́щий инструме́нт маш. — spinning tool

дели́тельный инструме́нт — indexing head

деревообраба́тывающий инструме́нт — wood-working tool(s)

инструме́нт для ампути́рования ( в ветеринарии) — ablator

инструме́нт для гла́жения кож. — ironing tool

инструме́нт для горя́чего клейме́ния кож. — heated tool

инструме́нт для мездре́ния кож. — scoop

инструме́нт для монтажа́ цепи́ авто — chain tool

инструме́нт для отде́лки ко́жи — currier's tool

инструме́нт для пра́вки шлифова́льных круго́в — truing tool, wheel dresser, truing crusher

инструме́нт для раска́тки труб — tube expander

дово́дочный инструме́нт — lapping [finishing] tool(s)

дыропробивно́й инструме́нт — punch

зажи́мный инструме́нт — clamping [gripping] tool(s)

зуборе́зный инструме́нт — gear cutting tool(s)

контро́льный инструме́нт — inspection tool(s)

концево́й инструме́нт — point tool

кузне́чный инструме́нт — blacksmiths [forging] tool(s)

лови́льный инструме́нт

1. стр. grab iron

2. геол. fishing tool

меридиа́нный инструме́нт — meridian [transit] instrument, transit

мери́тельный инструме́нт — measuring tool(s)

мери́тельный, этало́нный инструме́нт — master measuring tool

металлокерами́ческий инструме́нт — cermet(-tipped) tool(s)

металлоре́жущий инструме́нт — metal-cutting tool(s)

механизи́рованный инструме́нт — power tool(s)

монта́жный инструме́нт — erection tool(s), installation (kit of) tools

обраба́тывающий инструме́нт — machining tool(s)

окола́чивающий инструме́нт кож. — beating tool

опрессо́вочный инструме́нт ( для беспаечного соединения проводов) — compression tool

отде́лочный инструме́нт — finishing tool(s)

пасса́жный инструме́нт — meridian [transit] instrument, transit

пасса́жный, горизонта́льный инструме́нт — horizontal meridian [transit] instrument

пасса́жный, интерференцио́нный инструме́нт — interference meridian [transit] instrument

пасса́жный инструме́нт с ло́маной трубо́й — bent [prismatic] transit instrument, bent [broken-telescope] transit

переплё́тный инструме́нт — book-binding tool

печно́й инструме́нт — furnace tool(s)

пневмати́ческий инструме́нт — pneumatic [air-operated] tool(s)

по́довый инструме́нт — bottom tool

полирова́льный инструме́нт — polishing tool

породоразруша́ющий инструме́нт ( непосредственно разрушает породу при бурении скважин) — drill bits and diamond tool(s)

прецизио́нный инструме́нт — precision instrument

путево́й инструме́нт — track instrument

радиоастрономи́ческий инструме́нт — radioastronomical instrument

разме́точный инструме́нт — marking tool(s)

ре́жущий инструме́нт — cutting tool(s)

оснаща́ть ре́жущий инструме́нт твердоспла́вной пласти́нкой — carbide-tip a tool

ре́жущий, многоле́звийный инструме́нт — multipoint [multiedged] (cutting) tool

ре́жущий, одноле́звийный инструме́нт — single-point [single-edged] (cutting) tool

ре́жущий, самоустана́вливающийся инструме́нт — self-aligning (cutting) tool

резьбонака́тный инструме́нт — thread-rolling tool

резьбонарезно́й инструме́нт — thread-cutting tool

ручно́й инструме́нт — hand tool(s)

слеса́рный инструме́нт — bench (work) tool(s)

со́лнечный инструме́нт — solar instrument

съё́мочный инструме́нт геод. — surveying instrument

твердоспла́вный инструме́нт — cemented-carbide [hard-carbide] (tipped) tool(s)

технологи́ческий инструме́нт ( для бурения скважины) — drill string, drilling supply

тока́рный инструме́нт — lathe [turning] tool(s)

то́чный инструме́нт — precision tool(s)

угломе́рный инструме́нт — angular [azimuth] instrument, azimuth-indicating device, angle gauge, subtense instrument, anglemeter

уда́рный инструме́нт — impact [percussive] tool

универса́льный инструме́нт — universal [multipurpose] tool(s)

формо́вочный инструме́нт — moulder tool(s)

чертё́жный инструме́нт — draftsman's [draughtsman's] instrument

шлифова́льный инструме́нт — polishing tool(s)

шаржи́ровать шлифова́льный инструме́нт — charge a polishing tool

шта́тный инструме́нт — authorized [issue] tools

шурова́льный инструме́нт — firing tool

эксплуатацио́нный инструме́нт — maintenance tools

электрифици́рованный инструме́нт — electric hand tools

³ = winch, capstan, hoist.

Ex. They supply capstans and winches powered by electric motors to the industrial marine industry and shipyards.

Ex. They supply capstans and winches powered by electric motors to the industrial marine industry and shipyards.

Ex. They use a variety of hand and power tools, such as air hammers, nail guns, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, and surveying equipment.

featherweight (sport).

peso pluma featherweight

1 feather.

un sombrero de plumas a feathered hat

2 (fountain) pen.

pluma estilográfica fountain pen

3 style (figurative) (estilo de escribir).

4 tap (British), faucet (United States). (Caribbean Spanish (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Venezuela), Colombian Spanish, Mexican Spanish)

5 crane boom, boom, boom of the crane, jib.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (de ave) feather

2 (de relleno) feather, down

3 (de escribir - estilográfica) fountain pen; (- usada antiguamente) quill pen

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a vuela pluma off the top of one's head

tener pluma familiar to be really camp

pluma estilográfica fountain pen

* * *

1) feather

2) pen

* * *

1. SF

1) [de ave] feather; [como adorno] plume, feather

- hacer a pluma y a pelo

- tener pluma

2) [para escribir] [de metal, plástico] pen; [de ave] quill

- escribir algo a vuela pluma

3) (=caligrafía) penmanship, writing

4) (Bádminton) (=volante) shuttlecock

5) CAm (=mentira) fib, tale; (=truco) hoax

6) Cono Sur * (=puta) prostitute

7) And, Caribe, Cono Sur (=grifo) tap, faucet (EEUU)

8) Cono Sur (=grúa) crane, derrick

9) Esp ** (=peseta) one peseta

10) Esp *** (=pene) prick ***

11) Esp * (=periodista) hack

SM (Dep) featherweight

* * *

1) ( de aves) feather; ( usada antiguamente para escribir) quill; ( como adorno) plume, feather

2)

a) ( para escribir) pen

b) ( actividad literaria) writing

c) ( escritor) writer

- pluma atómica

- pluma estilográfica or fuente

3) (Col, Méx) ( del agua) faucet (AmE), tap (BrE)

4) (Bol fam) ( prostituta) tart (colloq)

* * *

1) ( de aves) feather; ( usada antiguamente para escribir) quill; ( como adorno) plume, feather

2)

a) ( para escribir) pen

b) ( actividad literaria) writing

c) ( escritor) writer

- pluma atómica

- pluma estilográfica or fuente

3) (Col, Méx) ( del agua) faucet (AmE), tap (BrE)

4) (Bol fam) ( prostituta) tart (colloq)

* * *

pluma¹

¹ = feather.

pluma²

² = pen, quill.

Nota: De animal usada para escribir.

pluma³

³ = winch, capstan, hoist.

pluma⁴

⁴ = feather.

Nota: En encuadernación, decoración de la cubierta con líneas curvas dando la impresión de plumas superpuestas.

* * *

A (de aves) feather; (usada antiguamente para escribir) quill; (como adorno) plume, feather

mudar la pluma to molt*

almohada de pluma(s) feather pillow

pesar menos que una pluma to be as light as a feather

peso

se le ve/veía la pluma ( Esp fam); he is/was gay, he is/was a bit of a fairy ( colloq pej)

ser ligero or ( esp AmL) liviano como una pluma to be as light as a feather

ser or tener pluma ( fam); to be gay

1 (para escribir) pen

a vuela pluma: son sólo unas ideas anotadas a vuela pluma they're just a few ideas I scribbled o jotted down

dejar correr la pluma to let one's pen run on

2 (actividad literaria) writing

vivir de la pluma to make a living out of writing o as a writer, to live by the pen ( liter)

3 (escritor) writer

( Méx) ballpoint pen

fountain pen

1 (de una grúa) jib

2 (barrera) barrier

3 (de un limpiaparabrisas) blade

D (Col, Méx) (grifo) faucet ( AmE), tap ( BrE)

E ( Bol fam) (prostituta) tart ( colloq)

* * *

◊ mudar la pluma to molt^{( conjugate molt)}

◊ pluma atómica (Méx) ballpoint pen;

* * *

♦ nf

1. [de ave] feather;

tiene un sombrero con plumas she has a feathered hat;

un edredón de plumas a feather duvet;

ser ligero o Am [m5] liviano como una pluma to be as light as a feather

2. [de humo, vapor] plume

3. [de grúa] boom

4. [para escribir] (fountain) pen;

dejar correr la pluma, escribir a vuela pluma to jot down;

vivir de la pluma to live by the pen

pluma estilográfica fountain pen;

5. [estilo de escribir] style

6. [escritor] writer

7. Carib, Col, Méx [grifo] Br tap, US faucet

8. Fam [amaneramiento]

♦ adj inv

peso pluma featherweight

* * *

1 ZO feather

2 para escribir fountain pen;

escribir algo a vuela pluma scribble sth down

3 Méx

grifo faucet, Br

tap

* * *

pluma nf

1) : feather

2) : pen

pluma fuente : fountain pen

* * *

pluma n

1. (de ave) feather

2. (estilográfica) fountain pen

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity

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Ilgner graduated from the Gewerbeakademie (the forerunner of the Technical University) in Berlin. As the representative of an electric manufacturing company in Breslau (now Wroclaw, Poland) from 1897, he was confronted with the fact that there were no appropriate drives for hoisting-engines or rolling-plants in steelworks. Two problems prevented the use of high-capacity electric motors in the mining as well as in the iron and steel industry: the reactions of the motors on the circuit at the peak point of stress concentration; and the complicated handling of the control system which raised the risks regarding safety. Having previously been head of the department of electrical power transmission in Hannover, he was concerned with the development of low-speed direct-current motors powered by gas engines.

It was Harry Ward Leonard's switchgear for direct-current motors (USA, 1891) that permitted sudden and exact changes in the speed and direction of rotation without causing power loss, as demonstrated in the driving of a rolling sidewalk at the Paris World Fair of 1900. Ilgner connected this switchgear to a large and heavy flywheel which accumulated the kinetic energy from the circuit in order to compensate shock loads. With this combination, electric motors did not need special circuits, which were still weak, because they were working continuously and were regulated individually, so that they could be used for driving hoisting-engines in mines, rolling-plants in steelworks or machinery for producing tools and paper. Ilgner thus made a notable advance in the general progress of electrification.

His transformer for hoisting-engines was patented in 1901 and was commercially used inter alia by Siemens \& Halske of Berlin. Their first electrical hoisting-engine for the Zollern II/IV mine in Dortmund gained international reputation at the Düsseldorf exhibition of 1902, and is still preserved in situ in the original machine hall of the mine, which is now a national monument in Germany. Ilgner thereafter worked with several companies to pursue his conception, became a consulting engineer in Vienna and Breslau and had a government post after the First World War in Brussels and Berlin until he retired for health reasons in 1919.

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SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Land transport, Public utilities, Railways and locomotives

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George Westinghouse's father was an ingenious manufacturer of agricultural implements; the son, after a spell in the Union Army during the Civil War, and subsequently in the Navy as an engineer, went to work for his father. He invented a rotary steam engine, which proved impracticable; a rerailing device for railway rolling stock in 1865; and a cast-steel frog for railway points, with longer life than the cast-iron frogs then used, in 1868–9. During the same period Westinghouse, like many other inventors, was considering how best to meet the evident need for a continuous brake for trains, i.e. one by which the driver could apply the brakes on all vehicles in a train simultaneously instead of relying on brakesmen on individual vehicles. By chance he encountered a magazine article about the construction of the Mont Cenis Tunnel, with a description of the pneumatic tools invented for it, and from this it occurred to him that compressed air might be used to operate the brakes along a train.

The first prototype was ready in 1869 and the Westinghouse Air Brake Company was set up to manufacture it. However, despite impressive demonstration of the brake's powers when it saved the test train from otherwise certain collision with a horse-drawn dray on a level crossing, railways were at first slow to adopt it. Then in 1872 Westinghouse added to it the triple valve, which enabled the train pipe to charge reservoirs beneath each vehicle, from which the compressed air would apply the brakes when pressure in the train pipe was reduced. This meant that the brake was now automatic: if a train became divided, the brakes on both parts would be applied. From then on, more and more American railways adopted the Westinghouse brake and the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893 made air brakes compulsory in the USA. Air brakes were also adopted in most other parts of the world, although only a minority of British railway companies took them up, the remainder, with insular reluctance, preferring the less effective vacuum brake.

From 1880 Westinghouse was purchasing patents relating to means of interlocking railway signals and points; he combined them with his own inventions to produce a complete signalling system. The first really practical power signalling scheme, installed in the USA by Westinghouse in 1884, was operated pneumatically, but the development of railway signalling required an awareness of the powers of electricity, and it was probably this that first led Westinghouse to become interested in electrical processes and inventions. The Westinghouse Electric Company was formed in 1886: it pioneered the use of electricity distribution systems using high-voltage single-phase alternating current, which it developed from European practice. Initially this was violently opposed by established operators of direct-current distribution systems, but eventually the use of alternating current became widespread.

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