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с английского на исландский

drew

  • 1 DRAGA

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    I)
    (dreg; dró, drógum; dreginn), v.
    1) to draw, drag, pull;
    draga heim viðinn, to drag the logs home;
    draga árar, to pull the oars;
    absol., drógu þeir skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them;
    draga boga, to draw the bow;
    draga segl, to hoist sails (= draga upp segl);
    draga fisk, to catch, pull up fish with a line;
    draga kvernstein, to turn the millstone, to grind;
    2) to draw, inhale (draga úþefjan með nösum);
    draga nasir af e-u, to smell a thing;
    draga öndina, to breathe, live;
    3) to procure, earn, gain (þegar hann hafði fé dregit sem hann vildi);
    draga e-m e-t, to procure (or get) one a thing (eigi sögðust þeir vita, at hann drœgi Haraldi ríki);
    4) to employ as a measure (draga kvarða við viðmál);
    5) to prolong protract (dvalir þessar drógu tímann);
    6) to delay, put off, defer;
    vil ek þessi svör ekki láta draga fyrir mér lengi, I will not wait long for these answers;
    hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge;
    7) to delineate, draw a picture (var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli);
    í þann tíma sem hann dregr klæðaföllin (the folds);
    8) to trim or line garments (treyjan var dregin útan ok innan við rauða silki);
    with dat., hjálmr hans var dreginn leiri (overlaid with clay), er áðr var (dreginn) gulli;
    9) intrans to move, draw;
    drógu þeir þeim svá nær (came so near to them), at;
    10) with preps.:
    draga föt, skóklædi af e-m, to pull off one’s clothes, shoes;
    draga hring af hendi sér, to take off a ring from one’s hand;
    dró hann þá grunninu, he pulled them off the shallow;
    draga e-t af e-u, to draw, derive from a source;
    draga e-t af, to take off (Þ. hafði látit af draga brúna);
    draga e-t af við e-n, to keep back, withhold, from one;
    man héðan af eigi af dregit við oss, henceforth we shall no be neglected, stinted;
    Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself;
    draga vél at e-m, to draw wiles around one;
    draga spott, skaup, at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule;
    draga at lið, föng, to collect troops, stores;
    dró at honum sóttin, the illness drew closer to him, he grew worse;
    impers., dró at mætti hans, dró at um matt hans, his strength declined (fell off);
    til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew near;
    þá er dregr at jólum, when Yule drew near;
    dró at því (the time drew near). at hann væri banvænn;
    tók þá at draga fast at heyjum hans, his stock of hay was rapidly diminishing;
    svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd, þorsta, I am so overcome by old age, hunger, thirst;
    nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, that thou art sinking fast;
    draga hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand;
    draga (grun) á e-t, to suspect;
    draga á vetr, to rear through the winter (Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið);
    impers., dregr á tunglit, the moon is obscured (= dregr myrkr á tunglit);
    dimmu þykkir draga á ráðit Odds, it looks as if a cloud was drawing over Odds’ affairs;
    dregr á gleði biskups, the bishop’s gladness was obscured;
    draga eptir e-m, to gain on one (Þórarinn sótti ákaft róðrinn ok hans menn, ok drógu skjótt eptir þeim Steinólfi ok Kjallaki);
    draga eptir e-m um e-t, to approach one, to be nearly equal to one, in a thing;
    um margar íþróttir (in many accomplishments) dró hann fast eptir Ólafi konungi;
    draga e-t fram, to produce, bring forward (draga fram athugasamlig dœmi); to further, promote (draga fram hlut e-s);
    draga fram kaupeyri sinn, to make money;
    draga fram skip, to launch a ship;
    impers., dregr frá, (cloud darkness) is drawn off;
    hratt stundum fyrir, en stundum dró frá, (clouds) drew sometimes over, sometimes off;
    dregr fyrir sól, tungl, the sun, moon is obscured by clouds or eclipse (tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir);
    ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar, when showers began to gather;
    draga e-ð saman, to collect, gather (draga lið, her, skip saman);
    impers., saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain;
    saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together;
    dregr þá saman or dregr saman með þeim, the distance between them grows less;
    draga e-t í sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin (vil ek eigi draga í sundr sættir yðrar);
    impers., dregr þá í sundr or dregr í sundr með þeim, the distance between them increases;
    draga e-n til e-s, to move, prompt, induce;
    engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, it is not from wantonness that I undertake this journey;
    slíkt dregr hann til vinsældar, this furthers his popularity;
    ef hann drógi ekki til, if he was not concerned;
    draga e-t til dœmis um e-t, to adduce as a proof of;
    hann hét at draga allt til sætta (to do everything in his power for reconciliation) með þeim Skota konungi;
    impers., nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out for the worse;
    with dat., þat samband þeirra, er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will prove fatal to both of them;
    at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that much mischief would arise from this bargain;
    dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began all over again;
    svá er þat, segir R., ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforesceen thing happens;
    draga e-t undan e-m, to seek to deprive one of a thing (þeir hafa bundizt í því at draga bœndr undan þér);
    draga e-t undan, to delay (drógu Skotar undan sættina);
    hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín? why dost thou put off inviting me to come?;
    draga rót undan (tölu), to extract the root;
    draga undan e-m, to escape from one (nú lægir seglin þeirra ok draga þeir undan oss);
    impers., hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape;
    draga e-t undir sik, to apropriate or take fraudulently to oneself (hafði dregit undir sik finnskattinn);
    impers., dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you came in for hard uasge but we escaped;
    draga upp skip, to drag a ship ashore;
    draga upp segl, to hoist a sail (sails);
    impers., þoku dregr upp, fog is coming on;
    11) refl., dragast.
    f. only in pl. ‘drögur’,
    2) metric term, repetition, anadiplosis (when a stanza begins with the last word of the preceding one).
    * * *
    pret. dró, pl. drógu; part. dreginn; pres. dreg: pret. subj. drægi: [Lat. trahere; Ulf. dragan, but only once or twice, = επισωρεύειν in 2 Tim. iv. 3; Hel. dragan = portare, ferre (freq.); A. S. dragan; Germ. tragen; the Engl. distinguishes between to drag and draw, whence the derived words to draggle, trail, drawl; Swed. draga; the Danes have drage, but nearly obliterated except in the special sense to travel,—otherwise they have trække, formed from the mod. Germ. tragen]:—to draw, drag, carry, pull.
    A. ACT., with acc.
    I. to drag, carry, pull; hann dró þau öll út, Nj. 131; djöfla þá er yðr munu d. til eilífra kvala, 273; d. heim við, to drag the logs home, 53; d. sauði, to pick sheep out of a fold, Bs. i. 646, Eb. 106; d. skip fram, to launch a ship; d. upp, to draw her up, drag her ashore, Grág. ii. 433; dró Þorgils eptir sér fiskinn, Fs. 129; Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself, Eg. 221, 306; dró hann þá af grunninu, Fms. vii. 264; hann hafði dregit ( pulled) hött síðan yfir hjálm, Eg. 375, cp. Ad. 3; d. föt, skóklæði af e-m, to draw off clothes, shoes; þá var dregin af ( stripped off) hosa líkinu, Fms. viii. 265; dró hann hana á hönd ser, he pulled it on his hand, Eg. 378; d. hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand, 306; (hann) tók gullhring, ok dró ( pulled) á blóðrefilinn, id.: phrases, er við ramman reip at d., ’tis to pull a rope against the strong man, i. e. to cope with the mighty, Fms. ii. 107, Nj. 10,—the metaphor from a game; d. árar, to pull the oars, Fms. ii. 180, Grett. 125 A: absol. to pull, ok drógu skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them, Gullþ. 24, Krók. 52: metaph., um margar íþróttir dró hann fast eptir Ólafi, in many accomplishments he pressed hard upon Olave, Fms. iii. 17: d. boga, to draw the bow, x. 362, but more freq. benda ( bend) boga: d., or d. upp segl, to hoist the sails, Eg. 93, Fms. ix. 21, x. 349, Orkn. 260: d. fiska, or simply draga (Luke v. 7), to fish with a hook, to pull up fish with a line (hence fisk-dráttr, dráttr, fishing), Fms. iv. 89, Hým. 21, 23, Fs. 129, Landn. 36, Fas. ii. 31: d. drátt, Luke v. 4; d. net, to fish with a drag-net; also absol., draga á (on or in) á ( a river), to drag a river; hence the metaphor, d. langa nót at e-u, = Lat. longae ambages, Nj. 139: d. steina, to grind in a hand-mill, Sl. 58, Gs. 15: d. bust ór nefi e-m, vide bust: d. anda, to draw breath; d. öndina um barkann, id., (andar-dráttr, drawing breath); d. tönn, to draw a tooth.
    2. phrases mostly metaph.; d. seim, prop. to draw wire, metaph. to read or talk with a drawling tone; d. nasir af e-u, to smell a thing, Ísl. ii. 136; d. dám af e-u, to draw flavour from; draga dæmi af e-u, or d. e-t til dæmis, to draw an example from a thing, Stj. 13, cp. Nj. 65; d. þýðu eðr samræði til e-s, to draw towards, feel sympathy for, Sks. 358; d. grun á e-t, to suspect, Sturl.; d. spott, skaup, gys, etc. at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule, Bs. i. 647; d. á sik dul ok dramb, to assume the air of…, 655 xi. 3; d. á sik ofbeldi ok dramb, Fms. vii. 20; d. e-n á talar, to deceive one, metaphor from leading into a trap, 2 Cor. xii. 17; d. vél at e-m, to deceive one, draw a person into wiles, Nj. 280, Skv. i. 33; d. á vetr, to get one’s sheep and cattle through the winter; Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið hin firstu misseri, Hrafn. 22, cp. Germ. anbinden, and in mod. Icel. usage setja á vetr; d. nafn af e-m, to draw, derive the name from, Eb. 126 (App.) new Ed.; the phrase, (hann skyldi ekki) fleiri ár yfir höfuð d., more years should not pass over his head, he must die, Þórð.
    II. to draw a picture; kross let hann d. í enni á öllum hjálmum með bleiku, Fms. iv. 96; þá dró Tjörvi líkneski þeirra á kamarsvegg, Landn. 247; var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli, Ld. 78, Pr. 428; í þann tíma sem hann dregr ( draws) klæða-föllin (the folds), Mar. (Fr.): d. til stafs (mod.), to draw the letters, of children first trying to write; d. fjöðr yfir e-t, a metaph. phrase, to draw a pen over or through, to hide, cloak a thing: gramm. to mark a vowel with a stroke,—a long vowel opp. to a short one is thus called ‘dreginn;’ hljóðstafir hafa tvenna grein, at þeir sé styttir ( short) eða dregnir (drawn, marked with a stroke), ok er því betr dregit yfir þann staf er seint skal at kveða, e. g. ári Ari, ér er-, mínu minni, Skálda 171: to measure, in the phrases, draga kvarða við vaðmál, Grág. i. 497, 498; draga lérept, N. G. L. i. 323.
    III. to line clothes, etc.; treyja var dregin utan ok innan við rauðu silki, Flov. 19.
    IV. metaph. to delay; dró hann svá sitt mál, at…, Sturl. iii. 13; hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge, Hkr. ii. 157; Halldórr dró þá heldr fyrir þeim, H. then delayed the time, Ld. 322; vil ek ekki lengr d. þetta fyrir þér, 284; vil ek þessi svör eigi láta d. fyrir mér lengr, Eb. 130.
    V. with prepp. af, at, á, fram, frá, saman, sundr, etc., answering to the Lat. attrahere, abstrahere, protrahere, detrahere, distrahere, contrahere, etc.; d. at lið, to collect troops; d. saman her, id., Eg. 172, 269, Nj. 127; d. at föng, to collect stores, 208, 259: metaph., þá dró at honum sóttin, the sickness drew nearer to him, he grew worse, Grett. 119; d. af e-m, to take off, to disparage a person, Fms. vi. 287; d. af við e-n, ok mun héðan af ekki af dregit við oss, we shall not be neglected, stinted, Bjarn. 54: mathem. term, to subtract, Rb. 118: d. fram, to bring forward, promote; d. fram þræla, Fms. x. 421, ix. 254, Eg. 354; skil ek þat, at þat man mína kosti hér fram d. (it will be my greatest help here), at þú átt ekki vald á mér; d. fram kaupeyri, to make money, Fms. vi. 8; d. saman, to draw together, collect, join, Bs. ii. 18, Nj. 65, 76; d. sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin; d. e-t á, to intimate, (á-dráttr) drag eigi á þat, Sturl. iii. 110; d. undan, to escape; kómu segli við ok drógu undan, Fms. iv. 201; nú lægir segl þeirra ok d. þeir nú undan oss, v. 11: metaph. to delay, Uspakr dró þó undan allt til nætr, Nj. 272; hirðin sá þetta at svá mjök var undan dregit, Fms. ix. 251 (undan-dráttr, delay); hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín, Glúm. 326, Fms. ix. 251, Pass. 16. 13: mathem., d. rót undan, to extract a root, Alg. 366; d. upp, to draw a picture (upp-dráttr, a drawing), to pull up, Edda I; to pull out of the snow, Eg. 546; d. út, to extract, draw out, 655 xxxii. 2; d. undir sik, to draw under oneself, to embezzle, Eg. 61, Fms. vii. 128; d. upp akkeri, to weigh anchor, Jb. 403; d. upp segl, to hoist sail, vide above; ljós brann í stofunni ok var dregit upp, Sturl. i. 142; þar brann ljós ok var dregit upp, en myrkt hit neðra, ii. 230; ok er mönnum var í sæti skipat vóru log upp dregin í stofunni, iii. 182; herbergis sveinarnir drógu upp skriðljósin, Fas. iii. 530, cp. Gísl. 29, 113,—in the old halls the lamps (torches) were hoisted up and down, in order to make the light fainter or stronger; d. e-n til e-s, to draw one towards a thing; mikit dregr mik til þess, Fs. 9; engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, i. e. it is not by my own choice that I undertake this journey, Fms. ix. 352; slíkt dró hann til vinsældar, this furthered him in popularity, vii. 175, Sks. 443 B; mun hann slíkt til d., it will move, influence him, Nj. 210; ef hann drægi ekki til, if he was not concerned, 224.
    2. draga til is used absol. or ellipt., denoting the course of fate, and many of the following phrases are almost impers.; nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out worse, Nj. 175; búð, dragi til þess sem vera vill, Lat. fata evenient, 185; ef honum vill þetta til dauða d., if this draw to his death, prove fatal to him, 103, Grett. 114; þat samband þeirra er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will be fatal to both of them, Nj. 135; enda varð þat fram at koma sem til dró, Ísl. ii. 263; sagði Kveldúlfr at þá ( then) mundi þar til draga sem honum hafði fyrir boðat, Eg. 75; dró til vanda með þeim Rúti ok Unni, it was the old story over again, Nj. 12; dró til vanda um tal þeirra, 129; at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that mickle mischief would arise from this bargain, 30; dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began over again, Fms. x. 161; ok er úvíst til hvers um dregr, Fs. 6; svá er þat, segir Runólfr, ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforeseen things happen, Nj. 75; hón kvað eigi úlíkligt at til mikils drægi um, Ísl. ii. 19; þá dró nú til hvárttveggja. Bret.; hence til-drög. n. pl. cause.
    B. IMPERS.
    1. of clouds, shade, darkness, to be drawn before a thing as a veil; dimmu (acc.) þykir á draga ráðit Odds, it looked as if gloom were drawing over Odd’s affairs, Band. 10; ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar (acc.), it began to draw into showers, i. e. clouds began to gather, Fms. iii. 206: often ellipt., hratt stundum fyrir en stundum dró frá, [ clouds] drew sometimes over, sometimes off, of the moon wading through them, Grett. 114; dregr fyrir sól, [ a veil] draws over the sun, he is hid in clouds; ský vónarleysu döpur drjúgum dró fyrir mína gleði-sól, Bb. 2. 9; dregr á gleði biskups, [ clouds] drew over the bishop’s gladness, it was eclipsed, Bs. ii. 79; eclipsis heitir er fyrir dregr sól eðr tungl, it is called an eclipse when [ a veil] draws over the sun or moon, 1812. 4; tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir, the moonshine was clear, and in turn [ a veil] drew over it, Nj. 118; þá sá lítið af tungli ljóst ok dró ymist til eðr frá, Ísl. ii. 463; þat gerðisk, at á dregr tunglit, ok verðr eclipsis, Al. 54.
    2. in various connections; dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you were drawn into a thrashing (i. e. got one), but we escaped, Nj. 141; hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape, Fms. ix. 392: absol., a noun or personal pronoun in acc. being understood, lítt dró enn undan við þik, there was little power of drawing out of thy reach, i. e. thy blow did its work right well. Nj. 199, 155; hvárki dró sundr né saman með þeim, of two running a dead heat: metaph. phrases, mun annarsstaðar meira slóða (acc.) draga, there will be elsewhere a greater trial left, i. e. the consequences will be still worse elsewhere, 54; saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together, of a loving pair, Bárð. 271; saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain, literally the bargain was drawn tight, Nj. 49; hann hreinsar þat skjótt þóat nokkut im (acc.) hafi á oss dregit af samneyti ( although we have been a little infected by the contact with) annarlegs siðferðis, Fms. ii. 261; allt slafr (acc.) dró af Hafri, i. e. H. became quite mute, Grett. (in a verse): in a temp. sense, til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew nigh, Fms. x. 138; þá er dró at miðri nótt, Grett. 140; þá er dregr at Jólum, Yule drew nigh, Fbr. 138; dregr at hjaldri, the battle-hour draws nigh, Fms. vi. (in a verse); dró at því (the time drew nigh), at hann var banvænn, Eg. 126: of sickness, hunger, or the like, to sink, be overcome by, svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd ok þorsta, at…, Fms. iii. 96; nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, thou art sinking fast, Fas. ii. 221; ok er lokið var kvæðinu dregr at Oddi fast, O. was sinking fast, 321: of other things, tók þá at d. fast at heyjum hans, his stock was very low, Fms. iii. 208; þoku dregr upp, a fog draws on, rises, 97 (in a verse), but ok taki sú poka (nom.) fyrir at d. norðrljósit, Sks. an (better þá þoku, acc.)
    C. REFLEX, to draw oneself, move; ef menn dragask til föruneytis þeirra ( join them) úbeðit, Grág. ii. 270; Sigvaldi dregsk út frá flotanum, S. draws away from the fleet, Fms. xi. 140; ofmjök dragask lendir menn fram, i. e. the barons drew far too forward, vii. 22; hyski drósk á flótta, they drew away to flight, Fms. vi. (in a verse); skeiðr drógusk at vígi, the ships drew on to battle, iii. 4 (in a verse); dragask undir = draga undir sik, to take a thing to oneself, Grág. ii. 150; dragask á hendr e-m, drógusk opt þeir menn á hendr honum er úskilamenn voru, Sturl. i. 136; dragask e-n á hendr, hann kvað þess enga ván, at hann drægisk þá á hendr, ii. 120; dragask aptr á leið, to remain behind, Rb. 108; dragask út, to recede, of the tide, 438; dragask saman, to draw back, draw together, be collected, Fms. i. 25, Bs. i. 134; e-m dragask penningar, Fms. vi. 9; d. undan, to be delayed, x. 251; the phrase, herr, lið dregsk e-m, the troops draw together, of a levy, i. 94, vii. 176, Eg. 277; dragask á legg, to grow up, Hkr. iii. 108; sem aldr hans ok vitsmunir drógusk fram, increased, Fms. vi. 7; þegar honum drósk aldr, when he grew up, Fs. 9; dragask á legg, to grow into a man; dragask við e-t, to become discouraged, Fms. viii. 65; d. vel, illa, to do well, ill, Fs. 146: to be worn out, exhausted, drósk þá liðit mjök af kulda, Sturl. iii. 20; drósk hestr hans, ii. 75: part. dreginn, drawn, pinched, starved, hestar mjök dregnir, Fms. ix. 276; görðisk fénaðr dreginn mjök, drawn, thin, iii. 208; stóð þar í heykleggi einn ok dregit at öllu megin, a tapering hayrick, Háv. 53: of sickness, Herra Andrés lagðisk sjúkr, ok er hann var dreginn mjök, Fms. ix. 276.
    β. recipr., þau drógusk um einn gullhring, they fought, pulled. Fas. iii. 387. From the reflex. probably originates, by dropping the reflex. suffix, the mod. Swed. and Dan. at draga = to go, esp. of troops or a body of men; in old writers the active form hardly ever occurs in this sense (the reading drógu in the verse Fms. iii. 4 is no doubt false); and in mod. usage it is equally unknown in Icel., except maybe in allit. phrases as, e. g. út á djúpið hann Oddr dró, Snot 229 new Ed.; to Icel. ears draga in this sense sounds strange; even the reflex. form is seldom used in a dignified sense; vide the references above.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > DRAGA

  • 2 draga

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    I)
    (dreg; dró, drógum; dreginn), v.
    1) to draw, drag, pull;
    draga heim viðinn, to drag the logs home;
    draga árar, to pull the oars;
    absol., drógu þeir skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them;
    draga boga, to draw the bow;
    draga segl, to hoist sails (= draga upp segl);
    draga fisk, to catch, pull up fish with a line;
    draga kvernstein, to turn the millstone, to grind;
    2) to draw, inhale (draga úþefjan með nösum);
    draga nasir af e-u, to smell a thing;
    draga öndina, to breathe, live;
    3) to procure, earn, gain (þegar hann hafði fé dregit sem hann vildi);
    draga e-m e-t, to procure (or get) one a thing (eigi sögðust þeir vita, at hann drœgi Haraldi ríki);
    4) to employ as a measure (draga kvarða við viðmál);
    5) to prolong protract (dvalir þessar drógu tímann);
    6) to delay, put off, defer;
    vil ek þessi svör ekki láta draga fyrir mér lengi, I will not wait long for these answers;
    hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge;
    7) to delineate, draw a picture (var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli);
    í þann tíma sem hann dregr klæðaföllin (the folds);
    8) to trim or line garments (treyjan var dregin útan ok innan við rauða silki);
    with dat., hjálmr hans var dreginn leiri (overlaid with clay), er áðr var (dreginn) gulli;
    9) intrans to move, draw;
    drógu þeir þeim svá nær (came so near to them), at;
    10) with preps.:
    draga föt, skóklædi af e-m, to pull off one’s clothes, shoes;
    draga hring af hendi sér, to take off a ring from one’s hand;
    dró hann þá grunninu, he pulled them off the shallow;
    draga e-t af e-u, to draw, derive from a source;
    draga e-t af, to take off (Þ. hafði látit af draga brúna);
    draga e-t af við e-n, to keep back, withhold, from one;
    man héðan af eigi af dregit við oss, henceforth we shall no be neglected, stinted;
    Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself;
    draga vél at e-m, to draw wiles around one;
    draga spott, skaup, at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule;
    draga at lið, föng, to collect troops, stores;
    dró at honum sóttin, the illness drew closer to him, he grew worse;
    impers., dró at mætti hans, dró at um matt hans, his strength declined (fell off);
    til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew near;
    þá er dregr at jólum, when Yule drew near;
    dró at því (the time drew near). at hann væri banvænn;
    tók þá at draga fast at heyjum hans, his stock of hay was rapidly diminishing;
    svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd, þorsta, I am so overcome by old age, hunger, thirst;
    nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, that thou art sinking fast;
    draga hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand;
    draga (grun) á e-t, to suspect;
    draga á vetr, to rear through the winter (Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið);
    impers., dregr á tunglit, the moon is obscured (= dregr myrkr á tunglit);
    dimmu þykkir draga á ráðit Odds, it looks as if a cloud was drawing over Odds’ affairs;
    dregr á gleði biskups, the bishop’s gladness was obscured;
    draga eptir e-m, to gain on one (Þórarinn sótti ákaft róðrinn ok hans menn, ok drógu skjótt eptir þeim Steinólfi ok Kjallaki);
    draga eptir e-m um e-t, to approach one, to be nearly equal to one, in a thing;
    um margar íþróttir (in many accomplishments) dró hann fast eptir Ólafi konungi;
    draga e-t fram, to produce, bring forward (draga fram athugasamlig dœmi); to further, promote (draga fram hlut e-s);
    draga fram kaupeyri sinn, to make money;
    draga fram skip, to launch a ship;
    impers., dregr frá, (cloud darkness) is drawn off;
    hratt stundum fyrir, en stundum dró frá, (clouds) drew sometimes over, sometimes off;
    dregr fyrir sól, tungl, the sun, moon is obscured by clouds or eclipse (tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir);
    ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar, when showers began to gather;
    draga e-ð saman, to collect, gather (draga lið, her, skip saman);
    impers., saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain;
    saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together;
    dregr þá saman or dregr saman með þeim, the distance between them grows less;
    draga e-t í sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin (vil ek eigi draga í sundr sættir yðrar);
    impers., dregr þá í sundr or dregr í sundr með þeim, the distance between them increases;
    draga e-n til e-s, to move, prompt, induce;
    engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, it is not from wantonness that I undertake this journey;
    slíkt dregr hann til vinsældar, this furthers his popularity;
    ef hann drógi ekki til, if he was not concerned;
    draga e-t til dœmis um e-t, to adduce as a proof of;
    hann hét at draga allt til sætta (to do everything in his power for reconciliation) með þeim Skota konungi;
    impers., nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out for the worse;
    with dat., þat samband þeirra, er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will prove fatal to both of them;
    at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that much mischief would arise from this bargain;
    dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began all over again;
    svá er þat, segir R., ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforesceen thing happens;
    draga e-t undan e-m, to seek to deprive one of a thing (þeir hafa bundizt í því at draga bœndr undan þér);
    draga e-t undan, to delay (drógu Skotar undan sættina);
    hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín? why dost thou put off inviting me to come?;
    draga rót undan (tölu), to extract the root;
    draga undan e-m, to escape from one (nú lægir seglin þeirra ok draga þeir undan oss);
    impers., hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape;
    draga e-t undir sik, to apropriate or take fraudulently to oneself (hafði dregit undir sik finnskattinn);
    impers., dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you came in for hard uasge but we escaped;
    draga upp skip, to drag a ship ashore;
    draga upp segl, to hoist a sail (sails);
    impers., þoku dregr upp, fog is coming on;
    11) refl., dragast.
    f. only in pl. ‘drögur’,
    2) metric term, repetition, anadiplosis (when a stanza begins with the last word of the preceding one).
    * * *
    1.
    u, f., vide drögur.
    2.
    u, f., only in pl. drögur, timber carried on horseback and trailing along the ground, Glúm. 368; dragna-hross, a dray-horse, 369: metric. term, a sort of anadiplosis, when a stanza begins with the last word of the preceding one, Edda (Ht.) 126, Skálda 191.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > draga

  • 3 LÍÐA

    I)
    (lið; leið, liðum; liðinn), v.
    1) to go, pass, glide (er skipit leið fram hjá flotanum);
    líða e-m ór hug, to pass out of one’s memory;
    2) to pass by, go past (er þeir liðu nesit);
    impers., en er líðr Euphrates á (acc.), when one has passed the E.;
    sem leið jóladaginn, as the Yule-day passed;
    þá (or þegar) er e-n líðr, when a person is omitted, passed over;
    Úlfr jarl var ríkastr í Danmörku, þegar er konung leið, next to the king;
    3) to pass away, elapse, of time (eigi munu margir vetur líða áðr en þér munuð þessa iðrast);
    at liðnum vetri, when the winter had passed;
    liðinn, dead, deceased;
    at liðinn fylki, after my lord’s death;
    4) impers. with dat., nú líðr, svá dögum, at, the days draw on;
    þá var liðit degi, the day was far spent;
    5) to go on, take place;
    ek vil vita, hvat þeim líðr, how they are getting on;
    ok sér, hvat leið drykkinum, and sees, how it had gone with his drinking;
    6) with preps. and advs.:
    líða af e-u, to depart from;
    líða af heimi, to depart this life;
    líða af, to pass away (líðr af vetrinn = líðr fram vetrinn);
    impers., líða at e-u, to approach, draw near;
    en er at leið jólunum, when it drew nigh Yule;
    líða at e-m, faintness comes over one;
    nú tók at líða at Ölvi, O. began to get drunk;
    G. tók sótt, en er at honum leið, when he was far spent, near his end;
    líðr at mætti e-s, one’s strength gives way;
    impers., líðr á e-t, the time draws to a close;
    ok er á leið daginn, when the day was far spent;
    at áliðnu, in the latter part of a time (um haustit at áliðnu);
    at áliðnum vetri, towards the end of the winter;
    líða fram, to pass away, wear on (ok er várit leið fram);
    also impers., líðr fram e-u = e-t líðr fram (er fram leið nóttinni ok dró at degi);
    to advance, proceed (Egill tók at hressast svá sem fram leið at yrkja kvæðit);
    impers., þá er frá líðr, when time passes on;
    láta e-t hjá sér líða, to let it pass by unheeded;
    impers., líðr í mót e-u = líðr at e-u (nú líðr í mót jólum);
    líða um e-t, to pass by (eigi hœfir þá hluti um at líða, er);
    hann spurði, hvat liði um kvæðit, he asked how the poem was getting on;
    líða undan, to slip off, pass by;
    líða undir lok, to pass away, die, perish;
    líða yfir e-n, to pass over, happen to, befall (mart mun yfir þik líða);
    eitt skal yfir oss alla líða, we shall all share the same fate.
    (líddi), v., rare, = prec.
    * * *
    pres. líð (líð’k, Edda); pret. leið; 2nd pers. leitt, mod. leiðst; pl. liðu; subj. liði; imperat. líð, líddu; part. liðinn; a weak pret. líddi occurs, Am. 50, Pr. 438, Ó. H. 167, Mirm. 167: [Ulf. ga-leiþan = ἔρχεσθαι; A. S. lîðan; O. H. G. lîdan; Engl. lithe; Germ. and Engl. glide.]
    A. Loc. to go, pass, move, with the notion to glide, slip, of ships, passage through the air, riding, sliding on ice, and the like; ok er skipit leið fram hjá flotanum, Hkr. ii. 54: er lauss Loki líðr or böndum, Vtkv. 15; baðtu heilan líða, thou badest him fare (speed) well, Ó. H. (in a verse); áðr héðan líðir, ere thou passest from here, Fas. i. 519 (in a verse); líða yfir úrig fjöll, Hðm. 11; líða lönd yfir, Gsp.; hvat þar ferr, eða at lopti líðr?—Né ek ferr, þó ek flýg, ok at lopti líð’k, Edda (in a verse); líðandi ( sliding) um langan veg, Vkv. 8; hverjar ‘ro þær meyjar er líða mar yfir, Vþm. 48, (mar-líðendr, q. v. = sea gliders); nú viltusk hundarnir farsins þegar þeir liðu at honum, Hom. 120; ok er skipit leið fram hjá flotanum, Hkr. ii. 57; líða hægt og hægt, of a vapour, of a ghost in tales, and the like.
    II. even used as transitive, to pass, pass by, esp. as a naut. term; hann um leið ( passed by) Israels sona hús, Stj. 281; ok er þeir liðu nesit, when they slipped by the ness, Fms. ix. 503, v. l.; ok er þeir líðu ( passed through) Frekeyjar-sund, Fb. iii. 85.
    III. impers., en er líðr Euphrates-á (acc.), when one passes the Euphrates, Hb. (1865) 8; meðan at leið boðanum, þá rak skipið ákafliga, ok svá síðan boðana leið, when the breakers were passed by, Fb. iii. 85:—metaph., hann var einnhverr mestr maðr ok ríkastr í Danmörku, þegar er konunginn líðr sjálfan, i. e. the greatest man in Denmark next to the king, Fms. xi. 51; Úlfr var maðr ríkastr í Danmörku þegar er konung líddi, Ó. H. 167; hann var einna mestr höfðingi er konunga líddi, Pr. 438.
    IV. in prose the word is esp. freq. in a metaph. sense; líðr at e-m, faintness comes over one; nú tók at líða at Ölvi, O. began to get drunk, Eg. 213; but esp. of one in his last gasp, to be slipping away; Guthormr tók sótt, en er at honum leið, sendi hann menn á fund Haralds konungs, 118; Örlygr tók sótt, ok er at honum tók at líða, Eb. 160; leið þá bæði at kuldi ok mæði, he fainted away from cold and exhaustion, Fms. ix. 24; nú líðr opt at barni ( the infant may suddenly faint away) á vegum úti, svá at hætt er við dauða, N. G. L. i. 339; líðr at mætti e-s, one grows faint, Fms. viii. 258, Sturl. iii. 77, Bs. i. 819:—líða af, to pass; en er ljósit leið af, sá þeir hvergi Ólaf konung, Fms. ii. 332:—þá er hugr líðr ór brjósti manns, Mar.; liða ór huga e-m, to slip out of one’s mind, Fms. ii. 266, vi. 272; líða ór minni, to forget:—líða undan. to slip off, pass by, K. Á. 222, Fms. xi. 108:—líða um, to pass by, leave; margir eru þér betri helgir menn, ek liðu vér um þá, and yet we pass them by, 655 xiv, B. 2; eigi hæfir þá hluti um at liða, er …, Fms. x. 314: ellipt., því látu vér þat líða, at eigi verðr allt ritað, viii. 406, v. l.:—þó lætr konungr þetta hjá sér líða, he lets it pass by unheeded, xi. 60:—líða undir lok, to pass away, die, perish, Nj. 156, Sturl. ii. 113:—líða yfir, to pass over, happen, come to pass; hann er vinsæll ok ungr at aldri, mun fátt yfir liðit, Hkr. iii. 254; Ólafr sagði honum allt um ferðir sínar, þat er yfir hann hafði liðit, O. told him all that had come to pass, Fms. i. 79; eitt skal yfir oss liða alla, one fate shall befall us all, Nj. 191: of sleep, liðr yfir hann léttr höfgi, Th. 77: hann spurdi hvat liði um kvæðit, he asked how it went on with the poem, Eg. 420; also, hvað líðr kvæðinu? fréttir hann nú hvat liði bónorðs-málum, Ld. 92; hvat mun nú líða, ef þú tekr kerti þitt? Fb. i. 358; hvat líðr um mál Odds sonar míns? Band. 5; síðan hón leið ór mestri barnæsku, passed out of her early youth, Hom. 122; svefnhöfgi leið á hann, Fms. vi. 229: to swoon, metaphor prob. from the belief that some evil spirit passed over one’s head, það leið yfir hana, she swooned; also, líða í ómegin, to fall into a swoon, to faint, Fas. iii. 441.
    B. Temp. to pass; líðr nú várit, Nj. 74; liðu svá þau misseri, 94; líðr af vetrinn, Eg. 340; ok er várit leið fram, 467; lengra skaltú renna áðr vika sé liðin, 745; þaðan líða ellifu vetr, ár, Rb. 70; liðr nú sjá stund er þeir höfðu á kveðit, Ld. 266; líðr fram vetrinn, 298; Egill tók at hressask svá sem fram leið at yrkja kvæðit, 644; leið svá fram aðra þrjá vetr, Fms. i. 57; liðu nú svá fram stundir, xi. 84.
    2. with prepp.; þegar frá líðr, in the course of time, after a while; hón nærðisk svá sem frá leið, Fms. vi. 353; þvíat at því verðr spurt, hverr kvað, þegar frá líðr ( when time passes on), en eigi hversu lengi var at verit, Skálda 160; en er at leið Jólunum, when it drew nigh Yule, Fms. i. 36; ok er leið at þeirri stundu, Ld. 308; eigi líðr langt héðan, áðr, Fms. xi. 84; nú líðr í mót Jólum, iv. 82.
    II. impers., líða á e-t, the time draws to a close, is far spent; ok er á leið daginn, Eg. 93; unz miðjan dag líddi, Am. 50; nú líddi fram nökkurar stundir, Mirm. 167; ok er á leið um kveldit, Eg. 206; er leið á várit (acc.), Nj. 12; nú liðr á sumarit til átta vikna, 93; þeir sváfu til þess er á leið nóttina, Ld. 44; en er á líðr daginn, 76; ok er á leið dag, úmætti konung, Fms. i. 46; en nú er á stundina líðr, x. 404; þá er á leið upp, towards the close of his life, 418; til þess er líðr fimmta dag viku, Grág. i. 142; þá er upp leið á æfi konunga, Rb. 388.
    2. with dat.; nú líðr svá dögum, at …, the days draw on, Fms. xi. 422; hans lífdögum leið mjök fram, Stj. 134; sögðu at þá var liðit degi, the day was far spent, Fms. ix. 299; ok er fram leið nóttinni, x. 271; hann segir at tímanum liði, Bs. i. 910: of other things, er fram tók at líða smíðinni, Fb. ii. 463: freq. in mod. usage, hvað líðr þér? hvað líðr þessu? i. e. how goes it with it? how far have you got on? as also, hvernig líðr þér, how goes it with you? how do you do? answer, mér líðr, vel, bæriliga, ílla, and the like.
    III. part., at áliðnu, in the latter part of a time; at áliðnum vetri, degi, towards the end of the winter, Ld. 234; um haustið at áliðnu, Fms. iv. 286; ok er svá var liðit ( the time was so far gone) bjósk Egill til ferðar, Eg. 394.
    IV. part. líðandi, passing, fleeting:—pass. liðinn, past, dead, deceased; at liðinn fylki, Hkv. Hjörv. 42; hjá oss liðnum, Hkv. 2. 44: in mod. usage, of one who has just ceased to breathe, hann er liðinn, liðinn líkami, Pass. 17. 26: in allit., lífs og liðinn, living and lifeless, i. e. in life and in death: dead, dæmi liðinna feðra, Hom. 85; sælli væri liðnir en lifendr, the dead is more blessed than the living, Bs. i. 724: allit., hann er liðinn sem ljós, he is gone out like a light, i. e. quite gone.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > LÍÐA

  • 4 UNDIR

    * * *
    prep. with dat. and acc.
    I. with dat.
    1) under;
    þá brast í sundr jörð undir hesti hans, the earth burst asunder under his horse;
    þungr undir árum, heavy to row;
    þeir leita þeirra ok finna þá undir eyju einni, they seek for them and find them under an island;
    undir þeim hesti var alinn Eiðfaxi, that horse was the sire of E.;
    2) fig. (undir þeim biskupi eru ellifu hundruð kirkna);
    eiga undir sér, to have under one, in one’s power;
    eiga fé undir e-m, to have money in his hands, deposited with him;
    3) under, depending on;
    orlög vár eru eigi undir orðum þínum, our fate does not depend on thy words;
    hann á vin undir hverjum manni, he has a friend in every man;
    4) ellipt. or adverbial usages;
    vóru þau (Njáll ok Bergþóra) úbrunnin undir, they were unburned underneath;
    meðan töður manna eru undir, whilst the hay is lying (mown, but not got in);
    ef þér þœtti nökkut undir um mik, if thou hast cared at all for me;
    sól (dagr) er undir, the sun (day) is down, under the horizon;
    væri oss mikit undir, at vér fengim liðsinni hans, it were worth much to us to get his help;
    II. with acc.
    1) under, underneath, denoting motion (var settr undir hann stóll);
    2) of time;
    hrökk undir miðdegi, it drew close to midday;
    3) fig. leggja undir sik, to lay under oneself, to subjugate;
    þjóna undir e-n, to serve under one;
    þessa laxveiði gaf hann undir kirkjuna, he made it over to the church;
    bera fé undir e-n, to bribe one;
    leggja virðing konungs undir vápn mín, to let it depend on my weapons;
    ef undir oss skal koma kjörit, if the choice is to be left with us;
    Hjört þótti mér þeir hafa undir, H. me thought they got under;
    ef kona tekr mann undir bónda sinn, if she be untrue to her husband;
    bjóða fé í leigu undir sik, to offer to pay money for one’s passage.
    * * *
    prep. with dat. and acc.; an older monosyllabic und is often used in poets, Ls. 44, Hdl. 11, Þkv. 16, Hm. 58; und valkesti, und árum, Lex. Poët.; und hánum, Haustl.: unt = und, Akv. 26 (Bugge): [Ulf. undar; A. S., Engl., and Dan. under; O. H. G. untar; Germ. unter]:—under, underneath, below.
    A. With dat., undir hesti hans, Nj. 158; tréit u. honum, underneath him, 202; mána vegr und hánum, Haustl.; skipit undir þeim, Háv. 42, Ld. 78; troða undir fótum, Fms. ii. 172; bera undir hendi sér, Eg. 237, Nj. 200; sverðit brotnaði undir hjaltinu, 43; sitja undir borðum, 68; róa undir seglum, Fms. viii. 131; skip þungt undir árum, heavy to row. Eg. 354; undir túngarði, Ld. 138; u. veggnum, Háv. 49; u. haugnum, Eb. 94; u. heiðinni, Eg. 277; fjöll undir jöklum, Fb. i. 540; liggja undir nesi einu, Nj. 43; undir garðinum, Njarð. 374; und kvernum, Ls. 44: und Miðgarði, Hdl. 11; undir Þríhyrningi, Nj. 89, 114; undir Hrauni, Eb. 52; undir Felli, Nj. 16, of places seated under a fell, Landn. passim.
    2. hvárt þat fé hefði undir því kvikendi alizt, of a dam, Grág. ii. 312; undir þeim var alinn Freyfaxi, she ( the mare) was the dam of F., Landn. 195.
    II. metaph. usages; alla sem undir honum eru, Sks. 677 B; u. þeim biskupi eru ellifu hundrað kirkna, Rb. 332; búa u. e-m, Fms. i. 107; undir hendi, höndum e-m, hönd (B.I. fine); eiga undir sér, to have under one, in one’s power, Fms. iv. 271, Ld. 250, Vígl. 33, Sturl. i. 20; see eiga (A. IV. 2): eiga fé undir e-m, to have money in his hands, deposited with him, Nj. 101; taka tíu hundruð u. Eiríki bónda, ten hundred in E.’s keeping, Dipl. ii. 6; tvau hundruð u. sonum herra Stepháns, i. 11; þeim manni er féit er undir, Grág. i. 184; er und einum mér öll hodd Hniflunga, Akv. 26.
    2. under, depending on; svá var ávísat sem u. væri bani ykkar beggja, Am. 12; örlög vár eru eigi u. orðum þínum, Karl. 339; hans líf stendr þar u., Stj. 219; undir því væri, at ek hefða góð málalok, Nj. 47; hvárt þykkir þer u. því sem mest, 263; mikit þótti spökum mönnum undir, at …, Ld. 38; undir þínum þokka þykkir mér mest af þínum frændum, I am most concerned for what thou thinkest, Lv. 72.
    3. undir vitni e-s, 623. 15; u. handlagi e-s, Dipl. i. 11; hann á vin undir hverjum manni, he has a friend in every man, Fas. i. 290; jafnan er munr undir manns liði (= í manns liði), a man’s help is something, Bs. i; þó at smátt sé und einum, though one man (more or less) makes little difference, Hallfred; um þá gripi er görsemar eru undir, things of value, Gísl. 80; lítil eru tiðendi u. förum mínum, Fms. xi. 118; fela ván sína alla u. Guði, 686 B. 2; eiga traust u. e-m, Fms. i. 261; undir trausti, skjóli, hlífð … e-s, 623. 15; u. griðum, Grág. ii. 194; segja hvat honum er undir fréttinni, Grág. (Kb.) i. 51; mjök var undir heimboði við þik, at vér vildim, Ld. 236; hvat undir mun búa bæn þessi, Eg. 764; þat bjó mest undir ferð Áka, at …, Fms. xi. 45; jarl spyrr hvat undir kveðju sé, Fas. iii. 567.
    III. ellipt. or adverbial usages; vóru þau úbrunnin undir, underneath, Nj. 208; mér þótti hann vera í rauðum hosum undir, 214; var þar undir niðri skógr, Eg. 580; meðan töður manna eru undir, whilst the hay is down, of hay mown, but not got in, Nj. 192; hart mun þykkja u. at búa, 90.
    2. at þat sé eigi verr undir, enn vara, of not less value, substance, K. Þ. K. 172; ef mér þætti nökkut u. um mik, if I thought it mattered aught, Nj. 19; þykki mér mikit u., at …, does it matter much to thee? 65; hverjum manni muni þykkja nokkut undir, at …, Sturl. i. 176.
    B. With acc., under, underneath, Lat. sub, denoting motion; var settr undir hann stóll, Nj. 269; koma fótum undir sik, 202; fara undir skipit, Njarð. 376; kominn undir jarðar-menit, Ld. 60; renna u. hendr e-m, Háv. 41; þeim tók undir hendr, Ld. 38; kom u. kverk öxinni, Nj. 84; láta u. belti sér, 168; setjask u. borð, 176; heimtask út u. akkerin, Fms. ix. 44; stýra u. veðr, … beita undir veðr, Fb. i. 540; leggja út u. Eyjar, Nj. 125; riða austr u. Eyjafjöll, 216; sigla suðr u. England, Hkr. i. 129; leggjask niðr u. hauginn, Eb. 94; ganga u. hamar-skúta nökkurn, Nj. 264; hleypa heim undir Þríhyrning, 105.
    2. of time; hrökk undir miðdegi, it drew close to midday, Fas. i. 506; cp. the mod. phrase, það er komið undir dagmál, hádegi, … náttmál, of time, close to, hard upon.
    II. metaph. usages; gefa hann undir vápn yður, Njarð. 354; leggja virðing konungs undir vápn mín, to let it depend on, Fms. x. 199; jarl hverr skyldi hafa und sik þrjá hersa (= undir sér), 182; Hjört þótti mér þeir hafa undir, they had him under, had him on the ground, Nj. 95; leggja undir sik, to lay under oneself, subjugate, Fms. i. 3; skattgilda undir sik. Eg. 402; ganga undir e-n, to submit to, Fms. i. 37, 156, Ld. 166; játtask undir e-t, Fms. ix. 227; taka vel … u. e-t, Ld. 150; þjóna u. e-n, to serve under, Fms. x. 23; draga u. sik, Eg. 61; arf berr undir e-n, devolves upon, Grág. i. 179; þessa laxveiði gaf hann undir kirkjuna, he made it over to the church, Fms. i. 272; Sámsey er undir biskup, is under a bishop, xi. 230; þær eignir liggja undir þá ætt, vi. 432; leita ráðs u. e-n, xi. 80, MS. 686 B. 13; vikja máli u. e-n, Nj. 77; skírskota u. e-n, Ó. H. 86, Eg. 352, N. G. L. i. 348; bera fé u. e-n, to bribe, Ld. 114. Fms. v. 187; játa sik undir at gjalda, to engage oneself, Dipl. ii. 2; leggja e-t undir þegnskap sinn, upon one’s honour, Grág. (Kb.) i. 48; þá mælti Einarr svá undir málit, interrupt it, Sturl. i. 66 C.
    2. special phrases; ef kona tekr mann undir bónda sinn, if she be untrue to her husband, N. G. L. i. 351, H. E. i. 236; því fylgðu engir mann-lestir, þvíat ek tók engan mann undir Gísla, I was true to G., Gísl. 15; land styrkvara undir bú, at heyföngum, stronger in the way of household, yielding more crops, Sturl. iii. 271; bjóða fé í leigu u. sik, to offer money for a passage, Nj. 128; taka penning veginn u. blóðlát, for letting blood, Rétt. 2. 10; taka eyri u. hvert lispund, id.; líða undir lok, to come to-an end, Nj. 156.
    III. ellipt., sól er undir, the sun is under, Grág. i. 104; dagr er undir, Fb. iii. 384; slá u. sem mest má þessa viku, to mow as much as possible this week, so as to prepare for drying it the next, Eb. 150; standa undir með e-m, to back, Sturl. i. 20.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > UNDIR

  • 5 AKA

    * * *
    (ek, ók, ókum, ekinn), v.
    1) to drive (a vehicle or animal drawing a vehicle), with dat.: gott er heilum vagni heim at a., it is good to get home safe and sound; a. þrennum eykjum, with three yoke of horses;
    2) to carry or convey in a vehicle, to cart, with dat. or acc. (hann ók heyjum sínum á yxnum; hann ók skarni á hóla); a. saman hey, to cart hay; líkin váru ekin í sleða, carried in a sledge;
    3) with the prep. í or á; Freyr ók í kerru með gelti; ríðr Þ. hesti þeim, er hann hafði ekit á;
    4) absol., to drive in a vehicle (fóru þeir í sleðann ok óku alla nóttina); with acc. of the road (óku úrgar brautir);
    5) naut., to trim the sail (aka seglum at endilöngum skipum);
    6) to remove, with dat.; ók hann af sér fjötrinum, worked it off by rubbing; ók Oddr sér þar at, worked himself thither (of a fettered prisoner); a. e-m á bug or a. bug;á e-n, to make one give way, repel; intrans. = ‘akast’, to move slowly; hvárrgi ók (gave way) fyrir oðrum; a. undan, to retire, retreat;
    7) impers., hart ekr at e-m, one is in great straits; ekr nú mjók at, I am hard pressed; e-m verðr nær ekit, one gets into straits, is hard pressed;
    refl., e-m ekst e-t í tauma, one is thwarted in a thing.
    * * *
    ók, óku, ekit; pres. ek. It also occurs in a weak form, að, Fagrsk. 104, which form is now perhaps the most common. [Neither Ulf. nor Hel. use this word, which appears also to be alien to the South-Teut. idioms. The Germans say fahren; the English to drive, carry; cp. Engl. yoke. In Latin, however, agere; Gr. άγειν] Gener. to move, drive, transport, carry:
    I. to drive in harness in a sledge or other vehicle (where the vehicle is in dat.), as also the animal driven; bryggjur svá breiðar, at aka mátti vögnum á víxl, ‘briggs’ (i. e. wharfs or piers,, cp. ‘Filey Brigg’) so broad, that wains might meet and pass each other, Hkr. ii. 11; gott er heilum vagni heim at aka, ‘tis good to drive home with a whole wain, to get home safe and sound, cp. Horace solve senescentem, Orkn. 464, Al. 61; þórr á hafra tvá, ok reið þá er hann ekr, in which he drives, Edda 14, Ób. adds í (viz. reið þá er hekr i), which may be the genuine reading.
    β. with the prep. í; Freyr ók ok í kerru með gelti, Edda 38.
    γ. absol. to drive, i. e. travel by driving; þeir óku upp á land, Eg. 543; fóru þeir í sleðann ok óku nóttina alia, drove the whole night, Fms. iv. 317. With the road taken in acc.; aka úrgar brautir, Rm. 36; báðu hennar ok heim óku (dat. henni being understood), carrying a bride home, 37. 20.
    II. to carry or cart a load, ( to lead, in the north of England):—in Iceland, where vehicles are rare, it may perhaps now and then be used of carrying on horseback. The load carried is commonly in dat. or acc.:
    α. acc.: aka saman hey, to cart hay, Eb. 150; saman ok hann heyit, Ísl. ii. 330; hann ok saman alla töðu sína, Landn. 94; þá tekr Gísli eyki tvá, ok ekr fé sitt til skógar, Gísl. 121; but absol., ok ekr til skógar með fjárhlut sinn, l. c. 36; þá let konungr aka til haugsins vist ok drykk, then the king let meat and drink be carted to the ‘how’ ( barrow), Fms. x. 186; vill hann húsit ór stað færa, ok vill hann aka þat, carry it away, Grág. ii. 257; líkin váru ekin í sleða, carried in a sledge, Bs. i. 144.
    β. dat. more freq., as now; hann ók heyjum sínum á öxnum, carried his hay on oxen, Fbr. 43 new Ed.; einn ók skarni á hóla, carted dung alone on the fields, Nj. 67, Rd. 277.
    γ. with the animals in dat., Þórólfr let aka þrennum eykjum um daginn, with three yoke of oxen, Eb. 152; or with the prep. á, ríðr Þórðr hesti þeim er hann hafði ekit á um aptaninn, Ísl. ii. 331, Fbr. 43; ef maðr ekr eðr berr klyfjar á, leads or carries on packsaddles, Grág. i. 441.
    δ. absol., þat mun ek til finna, at hann ok eigi í skegg ser, that he did not cart it on his own beard, Nj. 67.
    ε. part., ekinn uxi, a yoked, tamed ox, Vm. 152.
    III. used by sailors, in the phrase, aka segli, to trim the sail; aka seglum at endilöngum skipum, Fms. vii. 94; bað hann þá aka skjótt seglunum, ok víkja út í sund nokkut, 131. In mod. Icel. metaph., aka seglum eptir vindi, to set one’s sail after ( with) the wind, to act according to circumstances; cp. aktaumar.
    IV. metaph. in a great many proverbs and phrases, e. g. aka heilum vagni heim, v. above; aka höllu fyrir e-m, to get the worst of it, Ld. 206; aka undan (milit), to retire, retreat slowly in a battle; óku þeir Erlingr undan ofan með garðinum, Fms. vii. 317; akast undan (reflex.), id., 278; þeir ökuðust undan ok tóku á skógana, they took to the woods, Fagrsk. 174 (where the weak form is used); sumir Norðmenn óku undan á hæli ofan með sjónum, x. 139: aka e-m á bug, the figure probably taken from the ranks in a battle, to make one give way, repel, en ef Ammonite aka, þér á bug, if they be too strong for thee, Stj. 512. 2 Sam. x. 11. Mkv. 7; also metaph., aka bug á e-n, id.; mun oss þat til Birkibeinum, at þeir aki á oss engan bug, to stand firm, with unbroken ranks, Fms. viii. 412. It is now used impers., e-m á ekki ór að aka, of one who has always bad luck, probably ellipt., ór steini or the like being understood; cp. GÍsl. 54, the phrase, þykir ekki ór steini hefja, in the same sense, the figure being taken from a stone clogging the wheels; ok hann af sér fjötrinum, threw it off by rubbing, Fas. ii. 573; þá ekr Oddr sér þar at, creeps, rolls himself thither, of a fettered prisoner, id.; the mod. phrase, að aka sér, is to shrug the shoulders as a mark of displeasure: aka ór öngum, ex angustiis, to clear one’s way, get out of a scrape, Bjarn. 52; aka í moínn, to strive against, a cant phrase. Impers. in the phrase, e-m verðr nær ekit, is almost run over, has a narrow escape, varð honum svá nær ekit at hann hleypti inn í kirkju, he was so hard driven that he ran into the church, Fms. ix. 485; hart ekr at e-m, to be in great straits, ok er þorri kemr, þá ekr hart at mönnum, they were pressed hard, Ísl. ii. 132; ekr mi mjök at, I am hard pressed, GÍsl. 52; er honum þótti at sér aka, when death drew near,, of a dying man, Grett. 119 A. Reflex., e-m ekst e-t í tauma, to be thwarted in a thing, where the figure is taken from trimming the sail when the sheet is foul, Fms. xi. 121. In later Icelandic there is a verb akka, að, to heap together, a. e-u saman, no doubt a corruption from aka with a double radical consonant, a cant word. Aka is at present a rare word, and is, at least in common speech, used in a weak form, akar instead of ekr; akaði = ók; akat = ekit.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AKA

  • 6 and-lát

    n. [önd, anima; lát, damnum], ‘loss of breath,’ death; þá er þú fregn a. mitt, 623. 43; a. Magnúss konungs, Gizurar biskups, etc., Bs. i. 65, 70, Eg. 119, 367.
    β. the last gasp, the very moment of death; þá var konungr nær andláti, Hkr. i. 160; var hann þá beint í andláti, Fms. vi. 230; ok er hann fann at nær dró at andláti hans, his last moments drew near, viii. 446: andlát has the notion of a quiet, easy death; líflát, a violent death; but both are only used in a dignified sense.
    COMPDS: andlátsdagr, andlátsdægr, andlátssorg, andlátstíð.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > and-lát

  • 7 erfiðr

    a. difficult, hard, troublesome; oss verðr erfitt at þjóna Norðmönnum, it will be hard for us; Guðrún var erfið á gripakaupum, G. was troublesome (extravagant) in buying finery; hvíldist Helgi, því at honum var orðit erfitt, for he was exhausted; þó at honum væri málit erfitt, though he spoke with difficulty.
    * * *
    adj. toilsome, hard, difficult; ok var af því honum erfitt búit, a heavy, troublesome household, Bs. i. 63; erfiða ferð hafa þeir fengit oss, they have made a hard journey for us, Fms. v. 22; Guðrún var erfið á gripa-kaupum, G. was troublesome ( extravagant) in buying finery, Ld. 134; e-m verðr e-t erfitt, one has a difficulty about the thing, Fms. vi. 54.
    β. hard, unyielding; var Flosi erfiðr, en aðrir þó erfiðri miklu, F. was hard, but others much harder, Nj. 186, 187; jarl var lengi erfiðr, the earl long remained inexorable, 271: ek var yðr þá erfiðr, 229.
    γ. hard breathing; ok er hann vaknaði var honum erfitt orðit, when he awoke he drew a deep breath, after a bad dream, Ísl. ii. 194; hvíldisk Helgi, því at honum var orðit erfitt, H. rested, because he was exhausted (from walking), Dropl. 22; þó honum væri málið erfitt, though he spoke with difficulty (of a sick person), Bs. i. 110.
    δ. var þess erfiðar ( the more difficult) sem…, Fas. i. 81: so in the phrase, e-m veitir erfitt, one has hard work, Bs. i. 555, Nj. 117; erfitt mun þeim veita at ganga í móti giptu þinni, 171.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > erfiðr

  • 8 FRAM

    * * *
    adv.
    1) forward; hann féll f. á. fœtr konungi, he fell forward on his face at the king’s feet; f. rétt, straight on; koma f., to reappear;
    3) on the fore part, in front, opp. to aptr( maðr f., en dýr aptr); aptr ok f., fore and aft, of a ship;
    4) joined with preps. and particles, bíða f. á dag, f. á nótt, to wait far into the day, or night; bíða f. um jól, to wait till after Yule; fyrir lög f., in spite of the law; f. undan eyjunni; off the island;
    5) of time, hversu er f. orðit, how late is it, what time is it? f. orðit dags, late in the day.
    * * *
    adv.—the Icel. has a triple adverbial form, fram, denoting the going to a place (ad locum); frammi, the being in a place (in loco); framan, the going from a place (a loco)—compar. framarr (mod. framar) or fremr, = Goth. framis; superl. framast (framarst) or fremst: proncd. with a double m = framm; and that such was the case in olden times may be seen from Fms. vi. 385 and Skálda 168, 171. This adv. with its compds and derivatives may be said to have been lost in Germ. as well as Engl., and at a very early time. Even Ulf. uses fram as a prep. in the sense of ἀπό, like the A. S. and Engl. from, Swed. från: only in two passages Ulf. uses fram as adv., viz. Rom. xiii. 12, where he renders ‘the night is far spent’ (nóttin er um liðin of the Icel. N. T.) by framis galeiþan, which recalls to mind the Icel. fram-liðinn = deceased, past; and Mark i. 19, where προβαίνειν is rendered by gaggan framis = Icel. ganga framarr or ganga fram; cp. also the Goth. compds fram-gahts = progress, Philipp. i. 25; fram-aldrs = stricken in years; fram-vigis = Icel. fram-vegis; fram-vairþis = further: in O. H. G. vram = ultra still occurs, but is now lost in Germ. as well as in Engl.: the Icel., on the other hand, makes a clear distinction between the prep. frá ( from) and fram, on, forward, = Gr. πρόσω, Lat. porro, pro-; in some compds the sense from appears, e. g. framandi, a stranger,—Ulf. framaþeis, prop. one who is far off or from far off; so also fram-liðinn, gone, past; ganga fram, to die.
    A. fram, forward, (opp. to aptr, backward); aðra leið aptr en fram, 655 xxxii. 18; hann féll fram á fætr konungi, he fell forward on his face at the king’s feet, Eg. 92; stefna fram ( to go on) hina neðri leið, 582; brautin liggr þar fram í milli, id.; cf þeir vilja fram, or, fram á leið, forward, Sks. 483; fram rétt, straight on, Fms. ii. 273, v. l.; fram, fram! on, on! a war cry, Ó. H. 215: koma fram, to reappear, arrive, after being long unheard of; hann kom fram í Danmörku, Fms. i. 62; hann kom fram í kaupstað þeim er …, Ísl. ii. 332; ok kómu þar fram, er Kirjálar vóru á fjalli, Eg. 58: the phrase, fram í ættir, in a far or distant degree (of relationship), 343: people in Icel. in the 14th century used to say, fram til Noregs, up to Norway (cp. up to London), Dipl. ii. 15, 16.
    II. fram is generally applied to any motion outwards or towards the open, opp. to inn, innar; thus fram denotes the outer point of a ness, fram á nes; Icel. also say, fram á sjó, towards the high sea, (but upp or inn at landi, landwards); also, towards the verge of a cliff or the like, fram á hamarinn (bergit), Eg. 583: when used of a house fram means towards the door, thus, fara fram í dyr (eldhús), but inn or innar í baðstofu (hence fram-bær), var hón ávalt borin fram ok innar, she was borne in a litter out and in, Bs. i. 343: of a bed or chair fram denotes the outside, the side farthest from the wall, horfir hón til þils, en bóndi fram, she turned her face to the wall, but her husband away from it, Vígl. 31.
    β. again, Icel. say, fram á dal, up dale, opp. to ofan dalinn, down dale.
    III. without motion, the fore part, opp. to aptr, hinder part (cp. fram-fætr); aptr krókr en fram sem sporðr, Fms. ii. 179; maðr fram en dýr aptr (of a centaur), 673. 2, Sks. 179; aptr ok fram, fore and aft, of a ship, Fms. ix. 310.
    IV. joined with prepp. or particles, Lat. usque; bíða fram á dag, fram á nótt, fram í myrkr, to wait far into the day, night, darkness, Bs. ii. 145; bíða fram yfir, er fram um Jól, etc., to bide till after Yule; um fram, past over; sitja um þat fram er markaðrinn stóð, to stay till the fair is past, Fb. i. 124; fram um hamarinn (bergit), to pass the cliff, Eg. 582; ríða um fram, to ride past or to miss, Nj. 264, mod. fram hjá, cp. Germ. vorbei:—metaph., vera um fram e-n, above, surpassingly; um fram aðra menn, Fb. i. 91, Fms. vi. 58, passim; um alla hluti fram, above all things: yfir alla hluti fram, id., Stj. 7: besides, Sks. 41 new Ed.: fyrir lög fram, in spite of the law, Fms. iii. 157; fyrir rétt fram, 655 xx. 4; fyrir lof fram, without leave, Grág. i. 326; fyrir þat fram, but for that, ii. 99: the phrase, fyrir alla hluti fram, above all things, 623. 19.
    β. temp., fyrir fram means beforehand, Germ. voraus; vita, segja fyrir fram, to know, tell beforehand, Germ. voraus-sagen.
    γ. fram undan, projecting, stretching forward; fram undan eyjunni, Fms. ii. 305.
    δ. the phrase, fram, or more usually fram-orðit, of time, hvað er fram-orðit, how late is it? i. e. what is the time? Ld. 224; þá var fram-orðit, it was late in the day, Clem. 51; þá er fram var orðit, 623. 30: dropping ‘orðit,’ þeir vissu eigi hvat fram var (qs. fram orðit), they did not know the time of day, K. Þ. K. 90: with gen., fram-orðit dags, late in the day, Fms. xi. 10, Ld. 174; áfram, on forward, q. v.
    V. with verbs,
    α. denoting motion, like pro- in Latin, thus, ganga, koma, sækja, falla, fljóta, renna, líða, fara … fram, to go, come, flow, fare … forward, Eg. 136, Fms. ii. 56, Jb. 75, passim: of time, líða fram, Bs. ii. 152 (fram-liðinn).
    β. rétta, halda fram, to stretch, hold forth, Nj. 3; flytja, bera, draga, leiða, færa, selja, setja fram, to bring … forward, Sks. 567; leggja fram, to ‘lay forth,’ discharge, Fms. v. 293, Nj. 3, 11; bjóða fram, to offer; eggja, hvetja fram, to egg on; segja fram, to pronounce; standa, lúta fram, etc.
    γ. sjá, horfa, stökkva … fram fyrir sik, to look, jump forward, opp. to aptr fyrir sik, Nj. 29:—impers., e-m fer fram, to grow, make progress; skara fram úr, to stand out.
    B. frammi, (for the pronunciation with a double m vide Skálda 169,) denotes in or on a place, without motion, and is formed in the same way as uppi from upp, niðri from niðr; Icel. thus say, ganga fram, niðr, upp, to go on, go down, go up; but vera frammi, niðri, uppi, to be in, etc.; if followed by a vowel, the final i may be dropt, thus, vera frammi á dal, or framm’ á dal, Hrafn. 6; sitja framm’ fyrir hásæti (= frammi fyrir), Ó. H. 5; just as one may say, vera niðr’ á (qs. niðri á) engjum, upp’ á (= uppi á) fjalli: as to direction, all that is said of fram also applies to frammi, only that frammi can but denote the being in a place; Icel. thus say, frammi á dal in a dale, frammi í dyrum in-doors, frammi á fjalli on a fell, frammi á gólfi on the floor, frammi á sjó, etc.; þeir Leitr sitja frammi í húsum, Fær. 181, cp. also Hrafn. 1; sitja (standa) frammi fyrir e-m, to sit ( stand) before one’s face, Hkr. ii. 81.
    II. metaph. the phrase, hafa e-t frammi, to perform a thing, Nj. 232, Sks. 161: to use, shew, in a bad sense, of an insult, threatening, or the like; hafa þeir f. mikil-mæli ok heita afarkostum, Hkr. i. 191: the particle í is freq. prefixed, hafa í frammi, (not á frammi as áfram, q. v.); svá fremi skaltú rógit í frammi hafa, Nj. 166; þarftú þá fleira í frammi at hafa en stóryrði ein ok dramblæti, Fas. i. 37; hafðú í frammi kúgan við þá uppi við fjöllin, Ísl. ii. 215: to exercise, Bs. i. 852; hafa f. ípróttir, Fms. ix. 8 (rare); láta, leggja f., to contribute, produce, Fas. iii. 118, Fms. vi. 211.
    C. framan, from the front side; framan at borðinu, to the front of the table, Fb. ii. 302; framan at e-u, in the face or front of (opp. to aptan að, from behind); skaltú róa at framan borðum skútunnar, thou shall row towards the boards of the boat, of one boat trying to reach another, Háv. 46; taka framan af e-u, to take ( cut) from the fore part, Od. xiv. 474; framan á skipinu, the fore part of the ship, Fms. ii. 179; framan um stafninn, vi. 78.
    β. temp., framan af sumri, vetri, hausti, váti, the beginning, first part of summer …; also simply framan af, in the beginning.
    γ. of the fore part of the body; nokkut hafit upp framan nefit, Ld. 272; réttnefjaðr ok hafit upp í framan-vert, a straight nose and prominent at the tip, Nj. 29; framan á brjóstið, on the breast; framan í andlitið, in the face; framan á knén, í stálhúfuna framan, Fms. viii. 337; framan á þjóhnappana, Sturl. i. 14 (better aptan á).
    δ. with the prep. í preceding; í framan, adv. in the face; rjóðr í framan, red in the face; fölr í framan, pale-faced, etc., freq. in mod. use.
    2. fyrir framan, before, in front of, with acc. (opp. to fyrir aptan, behind); fyrir framan slána, Nj. 45; fyrir framan hendr honum, 60; fyrir framan hamarinn, Eg. 583; fyrir framan merki, Fms. i. 27, ii. 84: as adv., menn stóðu með vápnum fyrir framan þar sem Flosi sat, before F. ‘s seat, Nj. 220; þá var skotið aptr lokhvílunni ok sett á hespa fyrir framan, Fms. ii. 84: að framan, above.
    3. as framan is prop. an adv. from the place, Icel. also say, koma framan af dal, framan af nesi, framan ór dyrum, etc., to come down the dale, etc., vide fram above.
    4. ‘framan til’ in a temp. sense, up to, until; nú líðr til þings framan, it drew near to the time of parliament, Nj. 12; líðr nú til þings framan, Ld. 88; leið nú framan til Jóla, Ísl. ii. 42; framan til Páska, Stj. 148; framan til vetrnátta, D. N.; framan til þess er hann átti við Glám, Grett. 155; framan til Leiðar, Anal. 172; frá upphafi heims framan, from the beginning of the world, Ver. 1; in mod. usage simply fram in all such instances.
    D. Compar. framarr, farther on; superl. framast, fremst, farthest on:
    1. loc., feti framarr, a step farther on, Lv. 59; þar er þeir koma framast, the farthest point they can reach, Grág. i. 111; þar sem hann kömr framast, 497; hvar hann kom framarst, Fms. xi. 416; svá kómu þeir fremst at þeir unnu þá borg, i. 114; þeir eru mest til þess nefndir at framast ( foremost) hafi verit, Ísl. ii. 368; þeir er fremst vóru, Fms. v. 78.
    2. temp. farthest back; er ek fremst um man, Vsp. 1; hvat þú fyrst um mant eða fremst um veizt, Vþm. 34; frá því ek má fremst muna, Dipl. v. 25.
    II. metaph. farther, more, superl. farthest, most; erat hann framarr skyldr sakráða við menn, Grág. i. 11; nema vér reynim oss framarr, Fær. 75; meta, hvárra þörf oss litisk framarr ganga, whose claim appeared to us the strongest, Dipl. ii. 5.
    β. with dat., venju framarr, more than usual; því framarr sem, all the more, Fms. i. 184.
    γ. with ‘en’ following; framar en, farther than, more than; mun hér því ( therefore) framarr leitað en hvarvetna annars-staðar, Fms. i. 213; at ganga framarr á hendr Þorleiki en mitt leyfi er til, Ld. 154; hversu Þorólfr var framarr en ek, Eg. 112; framarr er hann en ek, he is better than I, Nj. 3; sókn framarr ( rather) en vörn, 236; framarr en ( farther than) nú er skilt, Js. 48; því at hann væri framarr en aðrir menn at sér, better than other men, Mar. 25.
    2. superl., svá sem sá er framast ( foremost) elskaði, Fs. 80; svá sem framast má, 655 xi. 2; sem Guð lér honum framast vit til, Js. 5: with gen., konungr virði hann framast allra sona sinna, Fms. i. 6; at Haraldr væri framast þeirra bræðra, 59; framast þeirra at allri sæmd, viii. 272.

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  • 9 framan

    adv.
    1) from (on) the front side; f. at borðinu, to the front of the table; f. á (skipinu), on the fore part (of the ship); á stálhúfuna f., on the front of the steel cap;
    2) fyrir f., before, in the front of, with acc. (fyrir f. slána);
    3) f. til (= fram til), up to, until; nú líðr til þings f., it drew near to the time of assembly.
    * * *
    vide fram C.

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  • 10 HEFJA

    enter on/upon
    * * *
    (hef; hóf, hófum; hafiðr and hafinn), v.
    1) to heave, raise, lift (hefja stein);
    hann hóf upp augu sin, he lifted up his eyes;
    hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap;
    hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defense);
    hefja höfuðs, to lift the head, be undaunted;
    hefja graut, to lift the porridge, eat it with a spoon;
    2) to exalt, raise in rank;
    hefja e-n til ríkis, to raise one to the throne;
    hefja mál sitt, to begin one’s speech;
    hefja ferð, to set out on a journey, to start;
    hefja flokk, to raise a party;
    hefja ákall, to raise a claim;
    impers., hefr e-t = hefr upp e-t, it begins (hér hefr Kristnisögu);
    refl., hefjast, to begin, originate (hvaðan af hefir hafizt skáldrskarpr?);
    4) impers. to be carried, drifted (by storm or tide);
    höf skipin öll saman (all the ships were drifted) inn at landinu;
    þeir létu hefja skipin ofan forstreymis, they let the ships drift down the stream;
    5) with preps.:
    hefja e-t af e-u, to take it off;
    impers., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc.), when she recovered from her swoon;
    þá hóf af mér vámur allar, all ailments left me;
    refl., hefjast af höndum e-m, to leave one;
    hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet (= hafa á rás);
    refl., láta hefjast fyrir, to retreat, withdraw;
    hefja munn sinn í sundr, to open one’s mouth;
    impers., Birkibeina (acc.) hefr undan, the B. drew back;
    hefja e-t upp, to lift up (hann hóf orminn upp á hendi sér);
    impers., hóf honum upp brýn (acc.), his face brightened;
    hefja e-t upp, to begin (= hefja 3);
    Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem;
    impers., hér hefr upp Konunga-bók, here begins the K.;
    refl., hefjast upp, to begin (hér hefjast upp landnám);
    hefjast upp til ófriðar (með ófriði), to begin warfare;
    láta hefjast við, to lay to (naut.).
    * * *
    pret. hóf, pl. hófu; part. hafinn, but also hafiðr (weak); pres. indic. hef; pret. subj. hæfi, with neg. suff. hóf-at, Korm.; [Ulf. hafjan; A. S. hebban; Engl. heave, pret. hove; O. H. G. hafan; Germ. heben; Dan. hæve; Swed. häfva; cp. Lat. capere, in-cipere.]
    A. To heave, lift, raise; hefja stein, to lift a stone, Eg. 142; ok munu nú ekki meira hefja fjórir menn, 140; (hón) hóf hann at lopti, hove him aloft, Ýt. 9; hefja e-n til himins, Edda 61 (in a verse); hóf hann sér af herðum hver, Hym. 36; þá er hefja af hvera (mod. taka ofan pott, to take the pot off), Gm. 42; hóf sér á höfuð upp hver Sifjar verr, Hým. 34; hón hófat augu af mér, she took not her eyes off me, Korm. 16; hann hóf upp augu sín, he lifted up his eyes, 623. 20; hefja sik á lopt, to make a leap, Nj. 144.
    2. phrases, hefja handa, to lift the hands (for defence), Nj. 65, Ld. 262; h. höfuðs, to lift the head, stand upright, be undaunted; sá er nú hefir eigi höfuðs, Nj. 213: h. sinn munn í sundr, to open one’s mouth, Sturl. iii. 189: hefja graut, skyr, etc., to lift the porridge, curds, etc., eat food with a spoon, Fms. vi. 364; Rindill hóf (Ed. hafði wrongly) skyr ok mataðisk skjótt, Lv. 63.
    3. hefja út, to lift out a body, carry it from the house (út-hafning), Eg. 24; er mik út hefja, Am. 100; var konungr hafiðr dauðr ór hvílunni, Hkr. iii. 146. The ceremony of carrying the corpse out of the house is in Icel. still performed with solemnity, and followed by hymns, usually verses 9 sqq. of the 25th hymn of the Passíu-Sálmar; it is regarded as a farewell to the home in which a person has lived and worked; and is a custom lost in the remotest heathen age; cp. the Scot. to lift.
    β. hefja (barn) ór heiðnum dómi, to lift ( a bairn) out of heathendom, is an old eccl. term for to be sponsor (mod. halda undir skírn), Sighvat (in a verse); N. G. L. i. 350 records three kinds of sponsorship—halda barni undir primsignan, önnur at hefja barn ór heiðnum dómi, þriðja at halda á barni er biskup fermir: to baptize, skal þat barn til kirkju færa ok hefja ór heiðnum dómi, 12; barn hvert er borit verðr eptir nótt ina helgu, þá skal haft vera ( baptized) at Páskum, id.
    4. to exalt, Ad. 20, cp. with Yngl. S. ch. 10; hóf hann Jóseph til sæmðar, Sks. 454; hafðr til ríkis, 458; upp hafðr, 451; önd hennar var upp höfð yfir öll engla fylki, Hom. 129; hann mektaðisk mjök ok hóf sik of hátt af þeim auðæfum, Stj. 154; at hann hæfi upp ( exaltaret) Guðs orð með tungunni, Skálda 208; konungr hóf hann til mestu metorða, 625. 31: er hans ríki hóf, 28.
    II. impers.,
    1. to be heaved, hurled, drifted, by storm, tide, or the like; þá hóf upp knörr (acc.) undir Eyjafjöllum, a ship was upheaved by the gale, Bs. i. 30; hóf öll skipin (acc. the ship drifted) saman inn at landinu, Hkr. i. 206; þetta hóf ( drifted) fyrir straumi, iii. 94; þeir létu hefja ofan skipin forstreymis, let the ship drift before the stream, Fms. vii. 253; Birkibeina hefr undan, the B. went back, ix. 528.
    2. medic., en er af henni hóf öngvit (acc. when she awoke, of one in a swoon), Bjarn. 68; þá hóf af mér vámur allar (acc. all ailments left me), svá at ek kenni mér nú hvergi íllt, Sturl. ii. 54; ek sé at þú ert fölr mjök, ok má vera, at af þér hafi, I see thou art very pale, but may be it will pass off, Finnb. 236; hóf honum heldr upp brún (acc. his face brightened), Eg. 55.
    III. reflex. to raise oneself, to rise; hefjask til ófriðar, to raise war, rebel, Eg. 264.
    β. to be raised; hefjask til ríkis, to be raised to the throne, Fms. i. 99; hefjask hátt, to be exalted, Fs. 13; hann hafði hafisk af sjálfum sér, he had risen by himself, Eg. 23; féll Hákon en hófsk upp Magnúss konungr, Sturl. i. 114; Þórðr hófsk ( rose) af þessu, Landn. 305, Hom. 152.
    2. phrases, hefjask við, to lay to, a naut. term; lét þá jarl hefjask við ok beið svá sinna manna, Fms. viii. 82; hefjask undan, to retire, draw back, Sd. 144: in the phrase, hefjask af höndum e-m, to leave one; hefsk nú aldregi af höndum þeim, give them no rest, Fms. xi. 59.
    3. part., réttnefjaðr ok hafit upp í framanvert, Nj. 29.
    B. Metaph. to raise, begin, Lat. incipere:
    1. to raise; hefja flokk, to raise a party, a rebellion, Fms. viii. 273; h. rannsókn, to raise an enquiry, Grág. ii. 193; h. ákall, to raise a claim, Eg. 39; h. brigð, to make a reclamation, Gþl. 295.
    2. to begin; hefja teiti, Fms. vii. 119; h. gildi, Sturl. i. 20; h. Jóla-hald, to begin ( keep) Yule, Fms. i. 31; h. boðskap, ii. 44: of a book, þar hefjum vér sögu af hinum helga Jóni biskupi, Bs. i. 151; h. mál, to begin one’s speech, Ld. 2; h. ferð, to start, Fb. ii. 38; h. orrustu.
    β. with prep. upp, (hence upp-haf, beginning); hóf Helgi upp mál sitt, Boll. 350; Egill hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem, 427; hann heyrði messu upp hafna, Fms. v. 225; hefja upp sálm, to begin a hymn, 623. 35; Flosi hóf upp suðrgöngu sína, F. started on his pilgrimage, Nj. 281; h. upp göngu sína, to start, Rb. 116.
    γ. hefja á rás, to take to one’s feet; síðan hefr hann á rás ok rann til bæjarins, Eg. 237; hinir Gautsku höfðu (thus weak vide hafa C. 2) á rás undan, Fms. iv. 120.
    δ. absol., hann hóf svá, he began thus, Fms. i. 33; þar hef ek upp, vii. 146; þar skal hefja upp við arftöku-mann, start from the a., Grág. i. 62.
    II. impers. to begin; hér hefr Þingfara-bólk (acc.), Gþl. 5; hér hefr upp Kristindóms-bólk, 39, 75, 378; hér hefr Landnáma-bók, Landn. 24; hér hefr upp landnám í Vestfirðinga fjórðungi, 64, 168 (v. l.), 237 (v. l.); hér hefr Kristni-Sögu, Bs. i. 3; nú hefr þat hversu Kristni kom á Ísland, id.; hér hefr sögu af Hrafni á Hrafnsevri, 639; hér hefr upp ok segir frá þeim tíðindum, er …, Fms. viii. 5; áðr en hefi sjálfa bókina, Gþl.; hér hefr sögu Gísla Súrs-sonar, Gísl. (begin.), v. l.: with upp, ok upp hefr Skáldskapar-mál ok Kenningar, Edda (Arna-Magn.) ii. 427; hér hefr upp Konunga-bók og hefr fyrst um þriðjunga-skipti heimsins, Hkr. Cod. Fris. 3; hann kom til Túnsbergs er upp hóf Adventus Domini, Fms. ix. 338.
    III. reflex. to begin; þar hefsk saga Harðar, Landn. 62; hvaðan hefir hafizk sú íþrótt, whence originates that art? Edda 47; hér hefjask upp landnám, Landn. 275; hófsk ríki Haralds konungs, king H.’s reign began, Ld. 2; áðr Rómverja-ríki hófsk, Rb. 402; hófusk (höfðusk, Ed. wrongly) þá enn orrostur af nýju, Fms. xi. 184; hvernig hafizk hefir þessi úhæfa, Al. 125; nú hefsk önnur tungl-öldin, Rb. 34; þá hefsk vetr, 70–78, 436.

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  • 11 HLUTR

    (-ar, -ir), m.
    1) lot;
    skera (marka) hluti, to mark the lots;
    2) amukt, talisman (hlutr er horfinn or pússi þínum);
    3) share, allotment, portion (hann fœrði Ølvi skip sin ok kallar þat vera hans hlut);
    4) part (of a whole);
    höggva í tvá hluti, to cut in two parts;
    mestr hlutr liðs, the most part of the company;
    meiri hlutr dómanda, the majority of the judges;
    tveim hlutum dýrra, twice as dear;
    eiga hlut í e-u or at e-u, to have part in, be concerned in (mér uggir, at hér muni eigi gæfumenn hlut í eiga);
    þar er þú ættir hlut at, wherein thou wast concerned;
    6) condition, position, lot;
    eiga hlut e-s, to be in one’s place (position);
    ef þú ættir minn hlut, if thou wert in my place;
    láta hlut sinn, to be worsted;
    sitja yfir hlut e-s, to oppress, weigh a person down;
    leggja hlut sinn við e-t, to cast in one’s lot with, to espouse a cause;
    hafa (fá) hærra, meira (lægra) hlut, to get the best (worst) of it;
    7) thing;
    allir hlutir, all things;
    kynligr hlutr, a strange thing;
    um alla hluti, in all things, in all respects.
    * * *
    m., the original form was diphthongal, hlautr, like the Gothic, as is borne out by the kindred and derivative words hlaut, hleyti, q. v.; the acc. was weakened into o, hlotr, Fms. xi. 128; and lastly into u, hlutr; old nom. pl. hlotar, Jómsv. S. l. c., but commonly hlutir; gen. sing. hlutar: [Goth. hlauts = κληρος, Mark xv. 24, Col. i. 12, Ephes. i. 11, Luke i. 9; A. S. and Hel. hlot; Engl. lot; Germ. loos; Dan. lod; Swed. lott; the Goth., Germ., and earliest Scandin. have a long vowel, and prob. also A. S. and O. H. G. (hlôt, not hlot); the Ormul. spells lott with a short vowel, as is the case also in Icel., Dan., Swed., and Engl.]
    A. A lot; the ceremony of drawing lots was like that described in Homer; each party marked his lot (skera or marka hluti), which was then thrown into a sheet (lap of a garment, bera or leggja hluti í skaut), and a third person came and drew a lot out; (it was not thrown out by shaking.) This drawing of lots was originally a sacred ceremony; it was used in sacrifices (by way of augury, see below), in sharing booty or an inheritance; in law the order in which suits came on was decided by lot, in banquets the seats of honour were so assigned (e. g. who was to sit next to the daughter of the house), etc. Many words in the language refer to this old rite, and the ceremony is thus described: en hluti skyldi skera ok í skaut bera, Fms. vii. 140; kom þat ásamt með þeim at hluti skyldi bera í skaut, … skyldi því hvárir-tveggju una sem hlutr segði, vóru þá hlutir markaðir; þá mælti Norðbrikt til Gyrgis: ‘lát mik sjá hversu þú markar þinn hlut at vit markim eigi báðir einn veg;’ hann gerði svá; síðan markaði Norðbrikt sinn hlut, ok kastaði í skaut ok svá báðir þeir; síðan gékk sá maðr at er til (upp, v. l.) skyldi taka, ok tók upp annan hlutinn milli fingra sér …; síðan var at hugat þeim hlutinum ok kenndu þar allir mark Gyrgis, vi. 136, 137: hverr maðr er sök hefir með at fara í dóm, þá skal hlut bera í skaut, einn, þótt hann hafi fleiri sakar í dóm þann, hverr maðr skal merkja hlut sinn ok bera alla saman í skaut, ok skal maðr taka fjóra hluti senn upp, Grág. i. 37; bjóða til hlutfalla ok bera þar hluti í skaut, 74; menn báru þá hluti sína í skaut ok tók jarlinn upp; … svá sagði hlutr til, at Egill skyldi sitja hjá jarls-dóttur um kveldit, Eg. 247; en þá er tólfmenningr var skipaðr til at sitja ok settir hlutir til hverr næst skyldi sitja Ástríði, dóttur Vigfúss hersis, ok hlaut Eyjólfr ávalt at sitja hjá henni, Glúm. 331: nú ræða þeir um goðorðit ok verða eigi ásáttir, vildi hverr sinn hlut ( case) fram draga; þá leggja þeir hluti í skaut, ok kom jafnan upp hlutr Silfra, Fs. 68; þeir lögðu hluti á, ok hlaut Þrándr, Fær.
    2. of sacrifice; vóru þá görvir hlutir af vísinda-mönnum ( soothsayers), ok feldr blótspánn til, en svá gékk fréttin, at …, Fas. i. 452; cp. hristu teina ok á hlaut sá, Hym. 1; and, þá kná Hænir hlautvið kjósa (= taka upp hluti), Vsp. l. c.; see also hlaut, hlauttein, p. 270.
    II. the hlutir were talismans or little images, which people used to wear on their persons; síðan tekr jarl skálar ( scales) góðar … ok fylgðu tvau met ( weights), annat af gulli en annat af silfri; þar var á líkneskja manns, ok hétu þat hlutar (hlotar sem fornmönnum var títt at hafa, add. in v. l.), ok fylgði sú náttúra, at þá er jarl lagði þá í skálarnar, ok kvað á hvat hvárr skyldi merkja, ok ef sá kom upp ( turned up) er hann vildi, þá breylti sá í skálinni svá at varð glamm af. Jarl gaf Einari skálarnar ok varð hann glaðr við ok síðan kallaðr Einarr Skálarglam, Jómsv. S. (1824) 37, 38; hlutr er horfinn ór pússi þínum sá er Haraldr konungr gaf þér í Hafrsfirði, ok er hann nú kominn í holt þat er þú munt byggja, ok er á hlutnum markaðr Freyr af silfri, Fs. 19; ok vili Freyr þar láta sinn hlut niðr koma er hann vill sitt sæmdar-sæti setja, 22; cp. Landn., hann sendi Finna tvá í hamförum til Íslands eptir hlut sínum, 174; hann hefir líkneski Þórs í pungi sínum af tönn gört …; nú fannsk engi sá ‘hlutr’ í hans valdi, Fs. 97: the ‘gumna heillir’ or talismans, mentioned in Sdm., were prob. hlutir.
    B. Metaph., without the actual drawing of lots:
    I. a share, allotment, portion; skal þat þeirra er biskup lofar skilnað, hafa slíkan hlut fjár ( portion) við annat, Grág. i. 329: of booty, hann færði Ölvi skip sín ok kallar þat vera hlut hans, Nj. 46: of a finder’s share, heimtir hlut af sauðunum, Háv. 40; halda til hlutar, id.
    β. esp. of a fisherman’s share of the catch, Band. 4, cp. Höfuðl. 1; a fishing boat has one or two hundred … í hlut, each of the crew (hásetar) taking his ‘hlutr,’ and besides this there was a færis-hlutr ( line share) or netja-hlutr ( net share), skips-hlutr (ship’s share), and lastly for-manns-hlutr (foreman’s share, he getting double); see the remarks on aflausn.
    γ. a share, lot, portion, of inheritance, often in early Dan. law, where the daughter received a half, the brother a whole portion, sun til ful lot, oc dotær til half lot, Wald. Sjæll. Lov., p. 1;—whence in Dan. broder-lod, söster-lod, = a brother’s, sister’s portion; en komi jafnmikit fé á hlut hvers þeirra, Grág. (Kb.) i. 220: of duty, kom þat á hlut Andreas postula, 625. 64.
    2. metaph. phrases; láta hlut sinn, to let go one’s share, be worsted, Fms. i. 74, Fb. ii. 62; þeirra h. brann við, got singed, Hkr. ii. 178; þinn hlutr má ekki verða betri en góðr, thy case cannot be better than good, is as good as it can be, Nj. 256; ella muntú finna á þínum hlut, thou shalt find it to thy cost, Ld. 98; þeirra h. varð æ minni ok minni, their lot grew ever worse and worse, Fms. x. 250; eigi skyldi hennar h. batna við þat, her case should not mend with that, Nj. 52; sitja yfir hlut e-s, to oppress, weigh a person down, Eg. 512, Nj. 89, Fb. iii. 450; mínka sinn hlut, to yield one’s lot ( right), 451; láta sinn (hlut) undir liggja, to let one’s lot be the nethermost, Bárð.; leggja hlut sinn við e-t, to throw in one’s lot with a thing, to espouse a cause, run a risk, Lv. 45 (twice), Fb. iii. 166, Sturl. i. 162 C; eigi mundi svá Sverrir gera, ef hann ætti várn hlut, S. would not do so if he had our lot, our cards in his hand, Fms. viii. 392; eigi mundir þú svá renna frá þínum manni, ef þú ættir minn hlut, xi. 72; hafa (fá) hærra (meira, lægra) hlut, to get the better ( less) share, to get the best ( worst) of it, to win or lose, Eb. 194, Fs. 32, 113, Nj. 90, 224, Fas. i. 252, Fms. vi. 412, viii. 284, Hkv. 2. 19; hafa allan hlut mála, Bs. i. 82; eiga hlut at e-u, to own a share in, take part ( interest) in, interfere ( meddle) in a thing, be concerned about, Eb. 124, Nj. 27, 101, 119, Fms. xi. 83; þar er þú ættir hlut at, wherein thou wast concerned, Nj. 54; nú mun eigi mega sitjanda hlut í eiga, to take a sitter’s part in it, i. e. not stir in the matter, 110; hér munu eigi gæfu-menn í hlut eiga, 179; hafa inn vesta hlut af, to behave meanly, Eg. 271.
    II. a part, Lat. pars; enn efra hlut Hrunamanna-hrepps, Landn. 312: mestr h. liðs, the most part of the body, Eg. 275; meiri hlutr, búa, dómanda …, the majority of the neighbours, judges …, Nj. 237, Grág. i. 79; tíundi h. eyrir, a tenth part of an ounce, 357: byggja jörð til hlutar, to lease an estate in shares, N. G. L. i. 137: sjau hlutum ljósari, seven times brighter, Eluc. 44; tveim hlutum dýrra, twice as dear, Landn. 243; eins hlutar ( on the one hand) … annars hlutar ( on the other hand), 625. 172.
    III. a case, thing, Lat. res; hvern hlut, everything, Nj. 53; á engum hlut, in nothing, Fms. ii. 27; í öllum hlutum, in everything, passim; allir hlutir, all things, Edda 147 (pref.); aðra hluti, other things, Fms. i. 213; alla hluti þá er …, all things whatsoever, Ld. 18; allir þeirra hlutir, all their things, Fms. x. 250; fjórir eru þeir hlutir ( cases) er menn ber í átt, Grág. i. 361; hverngi hlut ( reason) er maðr vill til þess færa, 179; fyrir tengda sakir ok annarra stórra hluta er hér hvarfla í milli, Nj. 147; undarlegr, kynlegr h., a strange thing, Ld. 200, Fms. x. 169; iðna slíka hluti, Grág. i. 149; eru þér stórir hlutir á höndum, Fms. vii. 30: a deed, fact, orðinn h., a bygone thing, Fr. fait accompli, Nj. 20; einn lítill h., a little thing, small matter, Fms. ix. 448.
    β. with neg. adv. = Engl. naught; görðit hlut þiggja, Am. 94; ekki lyt (lyf MS.), Skv. 1. 9; engi hluta(r), noways, 656 C. 25.

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  • 12 HRÖKKVA

    (also spelt hreyqua), pret. hrökk, pl. hrukku; pres. hrekk or hrökk, pl. hrökkva; subj. hrykki or hreykki; part. hrokkinn; with neg. suff. hrökkvat, Km. 23:—to fall back, recoil, be repelled, with the notion of a shrinking or reeling motion; Jarl hrökk ofan á Barðann, Fms. ii. 324; Hallvarðr hafði hrokkit fram ór lyptingunni ok á mitt skipit, viii. 388: with prep., þá gerðu þeir hríð ena þriðju ok vóru við lengi, eptir þat hrukku þeir frá, Nj. 115; kappa tvá þá er flestir urðu frá at hrökkva, Fms. v. 162: h. fyrir, to give way to a shock; gékk konungr svá hart fram, at allt hrökk fyrir honum, i. 45; ok sýndisk þegar sú fylking h. fyrir, viii. 14; ok svá ryðjask þeir nú um at allt hrökkr liðit fyrir, xi. 132: h. til, to suffice, cp. Dan. slaa til, of means, money: h. undan ( to draw back) hrukku Baglar þá undan, ix. 30: h. við, to face, stand at bay; þetta einvígi er engi hafði þort við að h., Art. 19; ok verðr Sigvaldi nú við at h., xi. 95; ok muntú ekki annat mega en h. við, Nj. 90: to start up, from fear: h. upp, to be thrown open, of a door; to start up from sleep, h. upp með andfælum.
    2. metaph., nær þótti hvert tré h. fyrir, every rafter seemed to give way, creak, Gísl. 31; at nær þótti skipit h. fyrir ok braka þótti í hverju tré, 115: til þess er hrökk undir miðdegi, till it drew nigh midday, Fas. i. 506 (where better rökk, from rökva); hrökk hræfrakki, Gísl. (in a verse).
    II. to curl, of hair; hár hans ok skegg er gull sem silki ok hrökkr sem lokar-spánn, Þiðr. 20; hann hafði gull hár ok hrökk mjök, Fms. vii. 239; dökkjarpr á hár ok hrökk mjök, Ld. 274: part. hrokkinn, curled; hrokkit hár, Sturl. iii. 122; hrokkin-hárr and hrokk-hárr, q. v.; með hrokknum ( wrinkled) kinnum, Sks. 170.

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  • 13 KIPPA

    I)
    (-ta, -t), v. to pull, snatch, draw quickly (Egill kipti at sér sverð-inu); hann kippir mönnum at sér, he gets men together; kippa ofan seglinu, to pull the sail down; impers., e-m kippir í kyn (um e-t), one resembles his kinsmen (in something);
    refl., kippast um e-t, to struggle with one another about a thing; kippa við, to make a sudden motion (kippist hann svá hart við, at jörð öll skelfr).
    f. bundle, string (of).
    * * *
    t and ð, [Scot. to kip, see Jamies.]:—with dat. to pull or snatch; hann kipði honum upp at pallinum, Ó. H. 95; þá tók konungr í hár sveininum ok kipði, 63; k. bryggjum af landi. to pull in the gangways before weighing anchor, Fms. x. 286; kippa af (kippa út) þeirri bryggjunni, er þar var í meðal skipanna, i. 158; kippa ofan seglinu, to pull the sail down, Bs. i. 422; k. skóm á fætr sér, to slip on shoes, Nj. 28; Egill kipti at sér sverðinu, E. drew the sword in, Eg. 379; hann kippir mönnum at sér, he gets men together, Ld. 64; Guð kipti honum frá riki …, Sks. 714; k. aptr orðum sínum, to retract one’s words, 680; má því engu upp kippa, it cannot be retracted, 655 xx. 6.
    II. impers., in the phrase, e-m kippir í kyn um e-t, ‘to turn into one’s kin’ (= bregða í kyn), to be ‘a chip of the old block,’ resemble one’s kinsman; er þat eigi örvænt at honum kippi í kyn, Glúm. 346; at honum mundi í kyn kippa um údælleik, Sturl. i. 15; vera má at oss Íslendingum kippi í kyn, þó at vér gangim heldr fyrir blíðu en stríðu, Fms. ii, 34.
    III. reflex., kippask, to pull, tug; kippask um e-t, to ‘pull caps,’ struggle with one another about a thing; kippask þeir um lengi, Sturl. i. 15; þau öll kiptusk þá enn um Noreg, Fms. x. 390; nú er eigi allhóglegt at kippask um við hann, vi. 274; þar til kippask þau um kertið at þat stökk sundr í miðju, Mar.
    2. kippask við, to make a sudden motion, quiver convulsively; en meðan drýpr eitrið í andlit honum, þá kippisk hann svá hart við at jörð öll skelfr, Edda 40; þá at eins sá menn at Gísli kiptisk við ok þó litt, Fms. vii. 35.
    3. recipr., Eindriði segir, at þeir hefði sannlega kippsk ( struggled) nokkut svá, er hann vildi eigi at þeir hefði ferju-skipit, Bs. i. 709.

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  • 14 liða

    I)
    (lið; leið, liðum; liðinn), v.
    1) to go, pass, glide (er skipit leið fram hjá flotanum);
    líða e-m ór hug, to pass out of one’s memory;
    2) to pass by, go past (er þeir liðu nesit);
    impers., en er líðr Euphrates á (acc.), when one has passed the E.;
    sem leið jóladaginn, as the Yule-day passed;
    þá (or þegar) er e-n líðr, when a person is omitted, passed over;
    Úlfr jarl var ríkastr í Danmörku, þegar er konung leið, next to the king;
    3) to pass away, elapse, of time (eigi munu margir vetur líða áðr en þér munuð þessa iðrast);
    at liðnum vetri, when the winter had passed;
    liðinn, dead, deceased;
    at liðinn fylki, after my lord’s death;
    4) impers. with dat., nú líðr, svá dögum, at, the days draw on;
    þá var liðit degi, the day was far spent;
    5) to go on, take place;
    ek vil vita, hvat þeim líðr, how they are getting on;
    ok sér, hvat leið drykkinum, and sees, how it had gone with his drinking;
    6) with preps. and advs.:
    líða af e-u, to depart from;
    líða af heimi, to depart this life;
    líða af, to pass away (líðr af vetrinn = líðr fram vetrinn);
    impers., líða at e-u, to approach, draw near;
    en er at leið jólunum, when it drew nigh Yule;
    líða at e-m, faintness comes over one;
    nú tók at líða at Ölvi, O. began to get drunk;
    G. tók sótt, en er at honum leið, when he was far spent, near his end;
    líðr at mætti e-s, one’s strength gives way;
    impers., líðr á e-t, the time draws to a close;
    ok er á leið daginn, when the day was far spent;
    at áliðnu, in the latter part of a time (um haustit at áliðnu);
    at áliðnum vetri, towards the end of the winter;
    líða fram, to pass away, wear on (ok er várit leið fram);
    also impers., líðr fram e-u = e-t líðr fram (er fram leið nóttinni ok dró at degi);
    to advance, proceed (Egill tók at hressast svá sem fram leið at yrkja kvæðit);
    impers., þá er frá líðr, when time passes on;
    láta e-t hjá sér líða, to let it pass by unheeded;
    impers., líðr í mót e-u = líðr at e-u (nú líðr í mót jólum);
    líða um e-t, to pass by (eigi hœfir þá hluti um at líða, er);
    hann spurði, hvat liði um kvæðit, he asked how the poem was getting on;
    líða undan, to slip off, pass by;
    líða undir lok, to pass away, die, perish;
    líða yfir e-n, to pass over, happen to, befall (mart mun yfir þik líða);
    eitt skal yfir oss alla líða, we shall all share the same fate.
    (líddi), v., rare, = prec.
    * * *
    að, [liðr], to arrange; þá skal biskup með þeim hætti liða lausnina, H. E. i. 243: to dismember, liða sundr or sundr-liða, and metaph. to expound [cp. ‘to divide,’ ὀρθοτομειν, N. T.]; ó-liðaðr, unexplained, Hom. (St.) 87.
    II. reflex. liðask, to fall in curls, of hair; hárit ljósjarpt ok liðaðisk vel, Fb. iii. 246; gult hár ok liðaðisk allt á herðar niðr, Ld. 272, Þiðr. 174.

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  • 15 líða

    I)
    (lið; leið, liðum; liðinn), v.
    1) to go, pass, glide (er skipit leið fram hjá flotanum);
    líða e-m ór hug, to pass out of one’s memory;
    2) to pass by, go past (er þeir liðu nesit);
    impers., en er líðr Euphrates á (acc.), when one has passed the E.;
    sem leið jóladaginn, as the Yule-day passed;
    þá (or þegar) er e-n líðr, when a person is omitted, passed over;
    Úlfr jarl var ríkastr í Danmörku, þegar er konung leið, next to the king;
    3) to pass away, elapse, of time (eigi munu margir vetur líða áðr en þér munuð þessa iðrast);
    at liðnum vetri, when the winter had passed;
    liðinn, dead, deceased;
    at liðinn fylki, after my lord’s death;
    4) impers. with dat., nú líðr, svá dögum, at, the days draw on;
    þá var liðit degi, the day was far spent;
    5) to go on, take place;
    ek vil vita, hvat þeim líðr, how they are getting on;
    ok sér, hvat leið drykkinum, and sees, how it had gone with his drinking;
    6) with preps. and advs.:
    líða af e-u, to depart from;
    líða af heimi, to depart this life;
    líða af, to pass away (líðr af vetrinn = líðr fram vetrinn);
    impers., líða at e-u, to approach, draw near;
    en er at leið jólunum, when it drew nigh Yule;
    líða at e-m, faintness comes over one;
    nú tók at líða at Ölvi, O. began to get drunk;
    G. tók sótt, en er at honum leið, when he was far spent, near his end;
    líðr at mætti e-s, one’s strength gives way;
    impers., líðr á e-t, the time draws to a close;
    ok er á leið daginn, when the day was far spent;
    at áliðnu, in the latter part of a time (um haustit at áliðnu);
    at áliðnum vetri, towards the end of the winter;
    líða fram, to pass away, wear on (ok er várit leið fram);
    also impers., líðr fram e-u = e-t líðr fram (er fram leið nóttinni ok dró at degi);
    to advance, proceed (Egill tók at hressast svá sem fram leið at yrkja kvæðit);
    impers., þá er frá líðr, when time passes on;
    láta e-t hjá sér líða, to let it pass by unheeded;
    impers., líðr í mót e-u = líðr at e-u (nú líðr í mót jólum);
    líða um e-t, to pass by (eigi hœfir þá hluti um at líða, er);
    hann spurði, hvat liði um kvæðit, he asked how the poem was getting on;
    líða undan, to slip off, pass by;
    líða undir lok, to pass away, die, perish;
    líða yfir e-n, to pass over, happen to, befall (mart mun yfir þik líða);
    eitt skal yfir oss alla líða, we shall all share the same fate.
    (líddi), v., rare, = prec.
    * * *
    leið, liðu, liðit, [Germ. leiden; Dan. lide], to suffer, endure, tolerate,—this sense is very rare in old writers, as, útlendir konunga-synir skyldu þar ekki líðask eðr vald hafa, Fms. vi. 134; but it appears after the Reformation, in the N. T. and in hymns, Pass., Vídal. passim.
    2. to suffer; at svo byrjaði Kristi at líða, ok upp at rísa á þriðja degi af dauða, Luke xxiv. 46.

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  • 16 lítt-at

    lítt-þat, adv. a little, a bit, a little way or while; hann hrærði höfuðit líttþat, Bs. i; nú verðr at víkja líttþat til þess, 197; æp þú eptir Starkaði líttat, Fb. i. 417; hann lýkr upp hurðunni líttat, Fbr. 11 new Ed; ok skeindisk hann þó líttat, Bjarn. 49; lúttu nú at mér líttat, Fms. xi. 102; tekr hann fingr hennar ok kreistir líttat, Þiðr. 134; at blóð-refillinn hans Vagns kæmi við mik í gær líttað, Fms. xi. 144; mælti Gísli, at þeir skyldi bíða líttat, Gísl. 157; en konungrinn hvak undan líttþat, the king drew back a little, Fms. x. 383; þér skulut nú bíða líttat, Mork. 183; þá er líttat linaði élinu, Fms. xi. 136; ýtti hann frá landi líttat, 656 C. 2.
    II. lítinn þann = líttat; ok brosti at lítinn þann, and smiled a little, Fb. ii. 78.

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  • 17 MISSERI

    n.
    1) season, a period of six months, half year (ár heitir tvau m.); sams misseris, in the same season;
    2) in pl. twelvemonth, year (er þau höfðu ásamt verit ein m., áttu þau son); önnur m., the next twelvemonth; á tveim hinum fyrrum misserum, in the two preceding years; öllum misserum, all the year round.
    * * *
    also spelt missari, n., usually in pl.; [from a compd word, the former part of which is miss, denoting the alternation, change of the seasons, for misseri is for the year what mál is for the day; the inflexive syllable -eri is uncertain, but not from ár, see Grimm’s Gramm. ii. 471 (note): to derive this old true Teut. word from Lat. semester is inadmissible, for the sense of a period of six months is not the original one: A. S. missare.]
    B. A season, or in plur. the seasons, of the year (Germ. Jahres-zeit); mál ok misseri, Hm. 57; sams misseris, at the same season, Gkv. 1. 8; skulu bændr timbr í tupt færa á misseri, en gör á tólf mánuðum, N. G. L. i. 387.
    II. in plur. esp. with a distributive or numeral pronoun, the ‘seasons,’ a circuit of seasons = a twelvemonth, a year; ein misseri, Gkv. 1. 9; þetta varð a einum misserum, Bs. i. 466; ein misseri stendr þeirra mál, Grág. i. 377; ok er þau höfðu ásamt verit ein misseri áttu þau son, Finnb. 294; önnur misseri, the next twelvemonths, Fms. v. 193; hver missari, vii. 129; á hverjum misserum, every season, Grág. i. 284; hann hafði þrennar veizlur á hverjum misserum, Fms. iv. 254 (vetri, Ó. H. 113, l. c.); tvau (or tvenn) missari, two years, Grág. i. 287; á tveim inum fyrrum misserum, Fms. viii. 173; nokkur misseri, some seasons, some time, Glúm. 372; þat (viz. thirty-six days) er inn tíundi hlutr allra missara, the tenth part of a whole year, Hom. 73; Færeyingar hafa nýtt kjöt öllum misserum, all the year round, Fær. 248; fîska-stöð öllum misserum, at all seasons, Ld. 4; en þó muntú þessi missari ( the current year) verða at búa í Tungu, 246; þá búa er þau misseri hafa þar búit, Grág. ii. 124; fyrir fardaga eða á miðjum misserum, 216; hann skyldi vera þar öll þau misseri, Nj. 209, Fms. vii. 137; þeir bjuggu þar fjóra vetr …, á inum fyrstum misserum, i. 265; en er á leið misserin, when the seasons drew to a close, Fas. ii. 523; þá var svá komit misserum at nótt var farljós, Fbr. 97 new Ed.; liðu nú af misserin, ok um várit eptir fór …, Sturl. i. 35.
    2. of a period of six months, half-year; menn höfðu talið í tveim misserum fjóra daga ens fjórða hundraðs, Íb. 6; ár heitir tvau misseri, Rb. 6: the following instances may be doubtful, taka tveggja missera vist, Grág. i. 152; sex misseri = three years (or = six years?), 264; þrjú missari, three half-years (or = three twelvemonths?), Fms. vi. 341 (cp. in the verse þrjú missarin þessi, as also the context of the passage, friðr namsk ár it þriðja, short above); fjögurra missera björg, Grág. i. 264.
    COMPDS: misseramót, misseraskipti, misseratal, misserisvist.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > MISSERI

  • 18 SINNI

    I)
    m. poet. follower, companion.
    n.
    1) journey, walk; vera á sinnum, to be on the way; heill þú á sinnum sér, be happy on thy way; dagr var á sinnum, the day was passing by;
    2) fellowship, company; ríða í sinni e-m, to ride in one’s company;
    3) help, support (V. þakkar honum sitt s.); vera e-m í s., to side with one, help one (þú vildir, at allir væri þér í s.);
    4) time, = sinn; annat s., a second time, = annat sinn; þat s., that time.
    * * *
    and sinn, n., Vtkv. 5, Fas. i. 73, ii. 542; sinni is the truer form, but the word is mostly used in dat.; [A. S. síð; Ulf. sinþ]:—prop. a walk; er mér hefir aukið ervitt sinni, a heavy walk, Vtkv. 5.
    II. fellowship, company; nú skal brúðr snúask heim í sinni með mér, in my company, Alm. 1; ríða í sinni e-m, Skv. 3. 3; látum son fara feðr í sinni, 12; hrafn flýgr austan … ok eptir honum örn í sinni, Fas. i. 428 (in a verse); manngi er mér í sinni, i. e. I am alone, no one in my company, 247 (in a verse); vilja e-n sér í sinni, iii. 483 (in a verse): langt er at leita lýða sinnis, Akv. 17; þjóða sinni erumka þokkt, the fellowship of men is not to my liking, i. e. men shun me, Stor.
    2. concrete, a company; Vinda sinni, the company of the Wends, Lex. Poët.
    3. in plur., á sinnuin, on the way; heill þú á sinnum sér, be hale on the journey! Vþm. 4; dagr var á sinnum, the day was far on its way, was passing, Rm. 29; guðr var á sinnum, the battle drew to a close, Hkr. i. 95, Hornklofi (in a verse).
    III. metaph. help, support, backing; in prose it remains in the phrases, vera e-m í sinni, to ‘follow,’ side with one, help one; ifanarlaust er Guð í sinni með þeim manni, Barl. 93; mun ek heldr vera þér í sinni, Fb. i. 529; vóru þar margir menn með jarli um þetta mál ok honum í sinni, Fms. iv. 290; þú vildir at allir væri þér í sinni, Sturl. i. 36; þeir dýrka fjallaguðin, ok því hafa þau verit þeim í sinni, Stj. 598; leiðir Víðförull Jólf út ok þakkar honum sitt sinni, Fas. ii. 542; leggja í sinni við e-n, to back one, Bs. i. 882; hann þekkir sinni þeirra, at þeir vinna konunginum mikinn sigr, he knows (appreciates) their help, Fas. i. 73: in compds, fá-sinni (q. v.), solitude; sam-s., society; víl-s., q. v.
    B. sinn and sinni, as an adverb of time, in adverbial phrases, the latter form being rare and less correct, but occurring in a few instances in the accusative, as fyrsta sinni, N. G. L. i. 74; annat sinni, 340, Fms. vii. 325, Sks. 205; hvert sinni, Sks. 16, K. Þ. K. 10; í þat sinni, Sturl. iii. 217: [Ulf. sinþ, e. g. ainamma sinþa, = ἄπαχ, twaim sinþam = δίς, þrim sinþam = τρίς; Dan. sinde]:—a time, with numerals = Germ. mal; in acc, and dat. sing., eitt sinn, einu sinni, and dat. pl. tveim sinnum, etc.:
    α. acc. sing.; þat var eitt hvert sinn, one time it happened, Nj. 26, Fær. 242; annat sinn, the second time; í annat sinn, K. Þ. K. 14; hit þriðja sinn, the third time, 10; í hvárt sinnit, each time, id.; í hvárt sinn, 12; þat sinn, that time, then, Fms. i. 264; í þat sinn, Hkr. ii. 15, Grág. ii. 167; ekki sinn, at no time, not once, never, Skálda 167; aldri sinn síðan, never a time since, never more, Nj. 261; sitt sinn við hvert orð, K. Þ. K. 11: um sinn, once; eigi optarr enn um sinn, Grág. i. 57, 133; hann skal drepa barninu í vatn um sinn, K. Þ. K. 10, 12; eigi meirr enn um sinn, Nj. 85; ganga til skripta it minnsta um sinn á tólf mánuðum, K. Á. 192: for this one time, ek mun leysa þik ór vandræði þessu um sinn, Ísl. ii. 133; fyrst um sinn, for the present, Þórð. 69 (paper MS.), and so in mod. usage; um sinn-sakir, for this once, Ld. 184, 196, 310.
    β. dat. sing. upon a time; enu þriðja sinni, the third time, Blas. 40: eiuhverju sinni, a time, a certain time, Nj. 2, 216; einu sinni, once, in an indefinite sense, Hðm. 14 (Bugge, see the foot-note); er þá kostr at kveða einu sinni (= mod. einhvern tíma) skáldskap þann, Grág. ii. 151; in mod. usage einu sinni means once, for the old ‘um sinn’ is now obsolete: því sinni, for that time, for that occasion, Fms. vii. 129; at því sinni, Sks. 258; þessu sinni, this time, Fms. i. 126: at sinni, for this time, at present, Nj. 216, Ld. 202, Fms. i. 3, 159: sinni sjaldnar, once less, Rb. 450.
    γ. dat. plur.; sjau sinnum, seven times, Alg. 262; hundrað sinnum, Flóv. 33; þeim sinnum, er …, when, Sks. 211 B; endr ok sinnum, now and then, from time to time, Sks. 208 B.
    δ. gen. p!ur.; fimmtán tigum sinna, a hundred and fifty times, Dipl. ii. 14; sétta tigi sinna, Rb. 90; þúsundum sinna, a thousand times, Greg. 37.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SINNI

  • 19 SNÚA

    * * *
    (sný; snøra or snera; snúinn), v.
    1) to turn, with dat.;
    snýr jarl þangat herinum, the earl turns his host thither;
    snúa úfriði á hendr e-m, to begin hostilities against one;
    snúa aptr ferð sinni, to turn back;
    2) to turn, go;
    sneru þeir þá yfir ána, then they went across the river;
    þeir snerú í móti þeim ok börðust við þá, they turned against them and fought with them;
    snúa aptr, to turn back;
    snúa brott, to go away (maðrinn sneri þá brott);
    3) to change, alter (hann sneri síðan nafni sínu);
    snúa skapi sínu, to change one’s mind;
    4) to turn, twist, twine (snúa vönd í hárit);
    5) to translate (snúa Látinu-bréfinu í norrœnu);
    6) impers., snýr e-u, it is turned (snøri þá mannfalli í lið Kirjala); it changes (brátt sneri fjáærhaginum fyrir Teiti, er G. var í brottu);
    7) with preps.,
    snúa at e-m, to turn on one;
    snúm vér nú at þeim, let us turn upon them;
    snúa at brúðhlaupi, to prepare for;
    halt svá hendi yfir honum, at øngri hefnd sé til hans snúit, protect him so that no vengeance may befall him;
    snúa e-u til leiðar, to bring about;
    skiptir mik miklu, hversu þú vilt til snúa, what turn thou wilt take;
    snúa e-u um, to turn upside down, upset (um snýr þú öllum, sætunum); to change completely (hón kvaðst hafa ætlat at snúa þar um lands-lagi öllu);
    snúa undan, draw back, retreat, flee (en er Baglar sá þat, þá sneru þeir undan);
    8) refl., snúast.
    * * *
    pres. sný, snýr (snýrðu), snýr; plur. snúm, snúit, snúa: pret. snöri, sneri (also spelt sneyri); subj. snöri and sneri: imperat. snú, snúðú: part. snúinn: [Ulf. sniwan; Dan. snoe.]
    A. To turn, with dat.; sný ek hennar öllum sefa, Hm. 162; ek fékk snúit mínum hesti, Fms. ix. 382; himininn snýr sólu frá austri til vestrs. Rb. 474; hón lét hann mala ok s. kvern, Fas. ii. 377; þeir snúa skipum sínum ok láta framstafna horfa frá landi, Fms. xi. 101; Baglar vildu snúa Rauðsúðinni, viii. 378; hann hafði snúit út skinnunum, vii. 34; snýr jarl þangat herinum, Nj. 127; komask fyrir þá ok snúa þeim aptr, Al. 30: snúa umb öllu því er í er húsinu, Greg. 33; um snýr þú ( to turn up and down) öllum sæmdunum, Ölk. 37; snúa sínu ráði áleiðis með sæmd, to proceed well, take a good turn, Fms. vii. 21; mikit (better miklu) þótti mér þeir þá hafa snúit til leiðar, Edda i. 52; s. máli til sættar, Fms. x. 413; þá snýrðu öllum vanda á hendr mér, Nj. 215; sný ek þessu niði á hönd Eiríki, Eg. 389; at öngri hefnd sé til hans snúit, Nj. 266; snúa vináttu sinni til e-s, Fms. x. 51; s. úfriði á hendr e-m, to turn upon a person, begin hostilities, ix. 436; s. e-m til samþykkis við sik, vii. 307; snúa at brullaupi, to prepare for, Ld. 70, Fms. x. 105; s. til seyðis, Edda; nú skiptir miklu hversu þú vilt til snúa, what turn wilt thon take? Gísl. 58; snúa aptr ferð sinni, to turn back, Fms. vi. 89.
    2. to turn on a journey; göra þá ráð sitt, hvert hann sneyri (subj.) þaðan, … snéri konungr þá með þat lið austr, Fms. v. 24: snúa aptr, to turn back; þeir snéru aptr til Kvenlands, Eg. 59, Fms. vii. 289, viii. 378; at þeir snöri (subj.) heimleiðis … vildu þeir við þetta heim snúa, Rb. 261; sneyru þau suðr, Landn. 77; skipin snéru hér ok hvar undir nesit, Fms. ix. 314; snöri hann þá frá, Stj. 401; þá snéru þeir undan, drew back, Fms. ix. 216; snúm at þeim, let us turn upon them, Nj. 245; snéri hann þá í móti honum, 8; hann snýr í móti honum, 125; sólin snýr um jörðina, turns (passes) round the earth, Rb. 488.
    3. to change, alter; hann snéri siðan namni sínu, Fms. ix. 272; nú skulu vit snúa vísum þeim er mest eru ákveðin orð, v. 173; s. skapi sínu, Fas. i. 339; snúa þingboði í herör, Hkr. i. 270: sneri hón því í villu er hann hafði mælt, Nj. 161; sneri hann manns-líki á sik, 623. 35: to turn, translate, snúa Látinu-bréfinu í Norrænu, Bs. i. (Laur. S.); Rodbert ábóti sneri ok Hakon konungr … lét snúa þessi Norrænu-bók, El; snúa þeim lögum í Norrænu. K. Á. 122; s. ór Franzeizu í Norrænu, Art.
    II. to turn, twist, absol.; fá, mér leppa tvá ór hári-þínu, ok snúit þit móðir mín saman til boga-strengs mér, Nj. 114: with, acc., lét hann snúa hinu ramligustu blýbönd, Fb. i. 564; vóru snúin þar fyrir speld, a shutter for the window, Nj. 114; var vöndr snúinn í hár þeim, Fms. xi. 147; snúa e-n undir, to throw down by a turn or twist, in wrestling, 656 B. 9: so also, snúa e-n niðr, to throw down, Stj. 346; harð-snúinn, hard-twisted; margsnúinn, many-twisted, cp. snúðr, snúðigr; snúa vélar ok svik, to twist, contrive, Sks. 349.
    III. impers. it is turned; þá. snéri um sæti því, it was upset, Sks. 110 B: acc., þá snéri um höll konungsins ok öll önnur hús, 648 B, less correct; henni snýr frá austri til vestrs, Rb. 480; snéri þá mannfalli í lið Kirjála, Eg. 59; sneri mannfalli á hendr Ribbungum, Fms. ix. 313; brátt sneri fjárhaginum fyrir Teiti, Sturl. i. 131 C; ef konur hengja klæði út … en ef um snýr, if they be turned up and down, N. G. L. i. 349.
    B. Reflex. to turn oneself; hafði Gunnarr snúizk í hauginum, Nj. 118; snerisk hann á hæli, 253; allir Þrændir snérusk til hans, Fms. i. 55.
    2. snérisk hann suðr aptr, he returned, Fms. xi. 417; snýsk Jörmungandr í jötunmóði, Vsp.: en þegar eptir snýsk fram Viðarr, W. comes forth, Edda i. 192; snerisk sá maðr fyrir honum inn í höllina, wheeled round into the hall, Edda 34; snúask undan, Nj. 129; snúask at e-m, í móti e-m, við e-m, to turn upon, face about, to meet an attack or the like, 84, 115, 129. Eg. 380, 583, passim: snúask um, to turn up and down; snýsk jörðin um fyrir sjónum þeirra. Fms. i. 9; snúask í hring, to spin round, rotate, Rb. 100; svá snerisk ( it turned out so) at þér kómusk í engan lífs-háska, Eg. 45; þá snýsk veðrátta á inn hægra veg, Rb. 100; vatnið snýsk til loptsins svá, sem þat þynnisk, Stj.; þó er líkast hann snúisk til várrar ættar um vinfengit, Nj. 38; snúask til leiðar, to turn towards the right, Fms. vii. 136; snúask til hlýðni við e-n, i. 232; þú neitaðir Guði ok snérisk aptr ( returnest to sin), … þú tókt við skírn ok snérisk til Guðs, Hom. 151: vér snörumk frá Skapara órum, turned away from our Maker, Greg. 38; at þeir snúisk ok fram heilsu anda sinna, 623. 26; snérisk allr lyðr í sút ok sorg, Stj.: pass., snúask um, s. niðr, he turned up and down, Sks. 110 B.
    II. part., for snúandi, Bs. i. 139, l. 28, read suiuandi, i. e. svífandi.
    2. past part. snúinn, turning to, bent on; snúinn til fégirni, Fms. v. 35; snúinn til vináttu við e-n, xi. 350; lýðr s. Guði til handa, 656 B. 8; konungr var mjök snúinn á þat at sigla til Írlands, enn menn hans löttu, Fms. x. 142, v. l.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SNÚA

  • 20 SVEIGJA

    * * *
    (-ða, -ðr), v.
    1) to bow, bend; s. boga, to bend (draw) the bow; s. hörpu, to strike the harp; muntu s. (opp. to bretta) þinn hala, thou shall let thy tail droop; ætla ek, at lögin muni sveigð hafa verit, that the law was wrested; s. til við e-n, til samþykkis við e-n, to give way, yield somewhat;
    2) refl., sveigjast, to be swayed, sway (þá tók at s. hugr jarls); láta s. eptir e-s vilja, to accommodate oneself to another’s wishes.
    * * *
    ð, [svig; cp. Engl. to sway; North. E. swag]:—to bow, bend, like a switch; s. armleggi hans, Landn. 169, v. l.; s. trén, Fær. 50; s. álm, to bend the bow, Fms. vii. (in a verse); s. rokk, to swing the distaff, Rm. 16; s. fast árar, Fms. ii. 180; s. hörpu, to sway, strike the harp, Og. 27; s. á e-n, to pull round, in rowing, Nj. 90; s. e-t eptir sínum vilja, Mar.; þá ætla ek at lögin mundu sveigð hafa verit, the law was tampered with, Valla L. 209; it þriðja má kalla nökkut sveigt, the third is not straight, Band. 6; sveigja til við e-n, to give way, yield somewhat, Hkr. i. 142, Stj. 578; vér skulum s. til, svá …, come to a compromise, so that…, Fær. 35; konungr þóttisk hafa mýkt sitt skap, ok sveigt til samþykkis með þeim, Fms. vi. 280; heljar-reip sveigð at síðum mér, Sól. 39; jofurr sveigði y, drew the bow, Höfuðl.; s. hala sinn, to droop the tail, Hkv. Hjörv.
    II. reflex. to be swayed, sway, swerve; þá tók at sveigjask hugr jarls, Fms. ix. 444; hvergi sveigðisk hugr hans fyrir þeirra kúgan, Bs. i. 287; láta sveigjask eptir e-s vilja, Fb. ii. 146; sveigjask til (= sveigja til) við e-n, i. 410.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SVEIGJA

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