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21 domestic
1. adjective1) домашний; семейный; domestic science домоводство; domestic appliances предметы домашнего обихода2) домоседливый, любящий семейную жизнь3) внутренний; отечественный; domestic industry отечественная промышленность; domestic trade внутренняя торговля; domestic issue внутриполитический вопрос4) домашний, ручной (о животных)2. noun1) прислуга2) (pl.) товары отечественного производства3) (pl.) amer. простые хлопчатобумажные ткани* * *(a) бытовой; домашний; отечественный* * ** * *[do·mes·tic || dəʊ'mestɪk] n. прислуга, домашняя работница; товары отечественного производства, простые хлопчатобумажные ткани adj. семейный, домашний, бытовой; внутренний, отечественный, ручной; домоседливый, любящий семейную жизнь* * *бытовойвнутреннийвнутригосударственныйдомашнийнациональнанациональнаяотечественныйсвойский* * *1. прил. 1) а) домашний б) домоседливый, любящий семейную жизнь 2) внутренний; отечественный, находящийся в пределах страны 3) домашний, ручной, прирученный (о животных) 2. сущ. 1) устар. а) жилец, обитатель дома б) член семьи 2) прислуга 3) а) мн. товары отечественного производства б) мн.; амер. простые хлопчатобумажные ткани в) амер. вид сигары -
22 domestic
[də'mestɪk] 1. прил.1) домашний; семейныйdomestic chores — домашние дела, работа по дому
2) бытовой3) внутренний; отечественный, находящийся в пределах страны4) домашний, ручной, приручённый ( о животных)5) домоседливый, любящий семейную жизнь2. сущ.1) жилец, обитатель дома2) член семьи3) прислуга, слугаSyn:4) ( domestics) товары отечественного производства5) ( domestics) амер. простые хлопчатобумажные ткани6) амер. вид сигары -
23 domestic electric appliances
domestic electric appliances бытовые электроприборыАнгло-русский словарь Мюллера > domestic electric appliances
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24 domestic electronic equipment
Англо-русский экономический словарь > domestic electronic equipment
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25 domestic electric appliances
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > domestic electric appliances
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26 domestic electric appliances
Общая лексика: бытовые электроприборыУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > domestic electric appliances
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27 domestic electric appliances
бытовые электроприборыАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > domestic electric appliances
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28 domestic electric appliances
מכשירי חשמל ביתיים* * *◙ םייתיב למשח ירישכמ◄ -
29 domestic electric appliances
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30 domestic electric appliances
Англо-русский современный словарь > domestic electric appliances
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31 Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Electrical Appliances
Ассоциация производителей бытовых электроприборов (Великобритания)
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[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Electrical Appliances
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32 household appliances
потр. бытовые электроприборы, бытовые приборы, бытовое оборудование, бытовая техника (группа используемых в домашнем обиходе предметов, предназначенных для осуществления работы по дому (приготовления пищи, уборки в доме) и другой домашней деятельности (напр., сохранение продуктов питания); подразделяются на основные бытовые приборы и на мелкие бытовые приборы; первые отличаются большими размерами, трудностью передвижения, и поэтому устанавливаются в определенном месте, напр., на кухне или в ванной, на долгое время: стиральные машины, посудомоечные машины, холодильники, газовые и электроплиты, водонагреватели и др.; последние представляют собой мелкие электрические или механические приспособления, которые обычно имеют небольшие размеры, легко переносятся с места на место, могут устанавливаются на кухонном столе: тостеры, электрочайники, микроволновые печи, кухонные комбайны, мясорубки, миксеры, утюги, пылесосы, швейные машины, кондиционеры, стереоприемники, телевизоры и т. п.)Syn:See: -
33 Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Electrical Appliances
Электротехника: Ассоциация производителей бытовых электроприборов (Великобритания)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Electrical Appliances
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34 appliance
[ə'plaɪəns]nome apparecchio m., dispositivo m.* * *noun (an instrument or tool used for a particular job: washing-machines and other electrical appliances.) apparecchio; elettrodomestico* * *appliance /əˈplaɪəns/n.1 apparecchio; arnese; congegno; dispositivo; (spec.) elettrodomestico: electrical (o domestic) appliances, elettrodomestici; time-saving appliances, apparecchi che fanno risparmiare tempo; safety appliance, dispositivo di sicurezza2 (tecn.) applicazione* * *[ə'plaɪəns]nome apparecchio m., dispositivo m. -
35 Lundstrom, Johan E.
[br]fl. c. 1855 Sweden[br]Swedish scientist credited with the invention of the safety match, first produced in 1855.[br]Lundstrom's safety match replaced the friction match, popularly called the "strike-anywhere" match because all the ingredients for ignition were contained in the match head so that any abrasive surface would suffice for striking. These matches ignited easily, in fact too readily, so causing numerous accidents.It was Professor Anton von Schrötter's discovery of amorphous red phosphorus in 1845 that led to the invention of Lundstrom's safety match. The substance was much less dangerous to handle than the yellow phosphorus that was earlier in use and which had so badly damaged the health of match-factory workers who had to handle it.In Lundstrom's safety match the chemical constituents for ignition were divided between the match head and the striking surface of the matchbox, so markedly reducing the chances of spontaneous combustion. Lundstrom's patent mixtures were: Match-head: 32 parts potassium nitrate, 12 parts potassium bichromate, 32 parts red lead, 24 parts sulphide of antimony.Rubbing Surface: 8 parts red phosphorous, 9 parts sulphide of antimony.[br]Further ReadingW.T.O'Dea, 1964, Making Fire, London: Science Museum, HMSO (illustrated booklet).See also the Bryant \& May permanent exhibition in the Domestic Appliances Gallery of the Science Museum, London.DY -
36 Belling, Charles Reginald
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 11 May 1884 Bodmin, Cornwall, Englandd. 8 February 1965 while on a cruise[br]English electrical engineer best known as the pioneer of the wire-wound clay-former heating element which made possible the efficient domestic electric fire.[br]Belling was educated at Burts Grammar School in Lostwithiel, Cornwall, and at Crossley Schools in Halifax, Yorkshire. In 1903 he was apprenticed to Crompton \& Co. at Chelmsford in Essex, the firm that in 1894 offered for sale the earliest electric heaters. These electric radiant panels were intended as heating radiators or cooking hotplates, but were not very successful because, being cast-iron panels into which heating wires had been embedded in enamel, they tended to fracture due to the different rates of thermal expansion of the iron and the enamel. Other designs of electric heaters followed, notably the introduction of large, sausage-shaped carbon filament bulbs fitted into a fire frame and backed by reflectors. This was the idea of H. Dowsing, a collaborator of Crompton, in 1904.After qualifying in 1906, Belling left Crompton \& Co. and went to work for Ediswan at Ponders End in Hertfordshire. He left in 1912 to set up his own business, which he began in a small shed in Enfield. With a small staff and capital of £450, he took out his first patent for his wire-wound-former electric fire in the same year. The resistance wire, made from nickel-chrome alloy such as that patented in 1906 by A.L. Marsh, was coiled round a clay former. Six such bars were attached to a cast-iron frame with heating control knobs, and the device was marketed as the Standard Belling Fire. Advertised in 1912, the fire was an immediate success and was followed by many other variations. Improvements to the first model included wire safety guards, enamel finishes and a frame ornamented with copper and brass.Belling turned his attention to hotplates, cookers, immersion heaters, electric irons, water urns and kettles, producing the Modernette Cooker (1919), the multi-parabola fire bar (1921), the plate and dish warmer (1924), the storage heater (1926) and the famous Baby Belling cookers, the first of which appeared in 1929. By 1955 business had developed so well that Belling opened another factory at Burnley, Lancashire. He partly underwrote, for the amount of £1 million, a proposed scientific technical college for the electrical industry at Enfield.[br]Further Reading1985, Dictionary of Business Biography, Butterworth.G.Jukes, 1963, The Story of Belling, Belling and Co. Ltd (produced by the company in its Golden Jubilee year).DYBiographical history of technology > Belling, Charles Reginald
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37 Cochran, Josephine C.
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. c.1842 Ohio, USAd. after November 1908 USA[br]American inventor of the dishwashing machine.[br]Amidst the growing cohorts of American inventors who began to deluge the patent office with their inventions from around the middle of the nineteenth century are at least 30 women who received patents for dishwashers. Of these, it seems that Josephine C.Cochran can be credited with the invention of the first commercially available dishwasher. She developed her machine over a period often years, achieving patents in 1886 and 1888, with a third in 1894 for a "dish-cleaner". She completed the work in 1889, only after the death of her husband, who had kept her too short of funds to perfect her invention. Cochran exhibited her dishwasher at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1892. There was a smaller, "family"-size machine for domestic use and a larger model, steam-driven, for major hotels and restaurants; this latter model was used by many such establishments in Chicago. It was said that the large machine could scald, rinse and dry up to 240 plates of various shapes and sizes in two minutes. Her invention had won her sufficient fame to earn her a place in a list, published in 1886, of prominent American women inventors.Little is known of Cochran's personal details, save that she was married to a circuit clerk ten years her senior, by whom she had a daughter. She was still active in November 1908, for she exhibited again at the Martha Washington Hotel Suffrage Bazaar in New York City.[br]Further ReadingA.Stanley, 1993, Mothers and Daughters of Invention, Meruchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, pp. 438–9.LRD -
38 Hoover, William Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 1849 New Berlin (now North Canton), Ohio, USAd. 25 February 1932 North Canton, Ohio, USA[br]American founder of the Electric Suction Company, which manufactured and successfully marketed the first practical and portable suction vacuum cleaner.[br]Hoover was descended from a Swiss farming family called Hofer who emigrated from Basle and settled in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in the early eighteenth century. By 1832 the family had become tanners and lived near North Berlin in Ohio. In 1870 William Henry Hoover, who had studied at Mount Union College, bought the tannery with his brothers and soon expanded the business to make horse collars and saddlery. The firm expanded to become W.H.Hoover \& Co. In the early years of the first decade of the twentieth century, horses were beginning to be replaced by the internal combustion engine, so Hoover needed a new direction for his firm. This he found in the suction vacuum cleaner devised in 1907 by J.Murray Spangler, a cousin of Hoover's wife. The first successful cleaner of this type had been operating in England since 1901 (see Booth), but was not a portable model. Attracted by the development of the small electric motor, Spangler produced a vertical cleaner with such a motor that sucked the dust through the machine and blew it into a bag attached to the handle. Spangler applied for a patent for his invention on 14 September in the same year; it was granted for a carpet sweeper and cleaner on 2 June 1908, but Spangler was unable to market it himself and sold the rights to Hoover. The Model O machine, which ran on small wheels, was immediately manufactured and marketed. Hoover's model was the first electric, one-person-operated, domestic vacuum cleaner and was instantly successful, although the main expansion of the business was delayed for some time until the greater proportion of houses were wired for electricity. The Hoover slogan, "it beats as it sweeps as it cleans", came to be true in 1926 with the introduction of the Model 700, which was the first cleaner to offer triple-action cleaning, a process which beat, swept and sucked at the carpet. Further advances in the 1930s included the use of magnesium and the early plastics.[br]Further ReadingG.Adamson, 1969, Machines at Home, Lutterworth Press.How it Works: The Universal Encyclopaedia of Machines, Paladin. D.Yarwood, 1981, The British Kitchen, Batsford, Ch. 6.DY -
39 Maughan, Benjamin Waddy
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]fl. c. 1868 London, England[br]English inventor of the first gas geyser.[br]Maughan was a decorative painter in the Clerkenwell district of London. He invented the first instantaneous domestic water-heater, which did not utilize solid fuel. He christened his device a geyser, taking the name from the Icelandic word geysir, which is the name of a specific hot spring there and means "gusher". He patented the geyser on 23 December 1868. In his design the cold water entered from the top of the apparatus, then flowed downwards by means of constricting wires to be heated by hot gases rising from the burner below. Hot water then flowed into the bath or sink. No flue was fitted to conduct tainted air and gases from the bathroom. An impressive example of Maughan's geyser is on display in the Science Museum in London. The fittings are of brass and the casing is painted in marbled green, it stands on three curved legs and displays the Royal Arms.[br]Bibliography1868, "Improvements in apparatus for the heating of water and other liquids, applicable for baths and other purposes", British patent no. 3,917 (provides a very long account of the details of the invention and its purpose).DYBiographical history of technology > Maughan, Benjamin Waddy
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40 Papin, Denis
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 22 August 1647 Blois, Loire et Cher, Franced. 1712 London, England[br]French mathematician and physicist, inventor of the pressure-cooker.[br]Largely educated by his father, he worked for some time for Huygens at Ley den, then for a time in London where he assisted Robert Boyle with his experiments on the air pump. He supposedly invented the double-acting air pump. He travelled to Venice and worked there for a time, but was back in London in 1684 before taking up the position of Professor of Mathematics at the University of Marburg (in 1669 or 1670 he became a Doctor of Medicine at Angers), where he remained from 1687 to 1695. Then followed a period at Cassel, where he was employed by the Duke of Hesse. In this capacity he was much involved in the application of steam-power to pumping water for the Duke's garden fountains. Papin finally returned to London in 1707. He is best known for his "digester", none other than the domestic pressure-cooker. John Evelyn describes it in his diary (12 April 1682): "I went this Afternoone to a Supper, with severall of the R.Society, which was all dressed (both fish and flesh) in Monsieur Papins Digestorie; by which the hardest bones of Biefe itself, \& Mutton, were without water, or other liquor, \& with less than 8 ounces of Coales made as soft as Cheeze, produc'd an incredible quantity of Gravie…. This Philosophical Supper raised much mirth among us, \& exceedingly pleased all the Companie." The pressure-cooker depends on the increase in the boiling point of water with increase of pressure. To avoid the risk of the vessel exploding, Papin devised a weight-loaded lever-type safety valve.There are those who would claim that Papin preceded Newcomen as the true inventor of the steam engine. There is no doubt that as early as 1690 Papin had the idea of an atmospheric engine, in which a piston in a cylinder is forced upwards by expanding steam and then returned by the weight of the atmosphere upon the piston, but he lacked practical engineering skill such as was necessary to put theory into practice. The story is told of his last trip from Cassel, when returning to England. It is said that he built his own steamboat, intending to make the whole journey by this means, ending with a triumphal journey up the Thames. However, boatmen on the river Weser, thinking that the steamboat threatened their livelihood, attacked it and broke it up. Papin had to travel by more orthodox means. Papin is said to have co-operated with Thomas Savery in the development of the lat-ter's steam engine, on which he was working c. 1705.[br]Further ReadingCharles-Armand Klein, 1987, Denis Papin: Illustre savant blaisois, Chambray, France: CLD.A.P.M.Fleming and H.R.S.Brocklehurst, 1925, A History of Engineering.Sigvar Strandh, 1979, Machines, Mitchell Beazley.IMcN
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