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21 introduction
[-ˈdakʃən] noun1) the act of introducing, or the process of being introduced:تَقْديمthe introduction of new methods.
2) an act of introducing one person to another:تَعْريف، تَقْديمThe hostess made the introductions and everyone shook hands.
3) something written at the beginning of a book explaining the contents, or said at the beginning of a speech etc.مُقَدِّمَه -
22 appearance
noun1) what can be seen (of a person, thing etc):مَظْهَر، هَيْئَةFrom his appearance he seemed very wealthy.
2) the act of coming into view or coming into a place:ظُهورThe thieves ran off at the sudden appearance of two policemen.
3) the act of coming before or presenting oneself/itself before the public or a judge etc:مُثولhis first appearance on the stage.
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23 flight
I [flaɪt] noun1) act of flying:طَيَران، تَحْليقthe flight of a bird.
2) a journey in a plane:طَيران، رِحْلَه جَوِّيَّهHow long is the flight to New York?
3) a number of steps or stairs:مجموعة درج ، مَطْلَع دَرَجA flight of steps.
4) a number of birds etc flying or moving through the air:مجموعة طيور في الجو II [flaɪt] nouna flight of arrows.
the act of fleeing or running away from an enemy, danger etc:هُروبThe general regarded the flight of his army as a disgrace.
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24 defence
[dɪˈfens] (American) defense noun1) the act or action of defending against attack:دِفاعHe spoke in defence of the plans.
2) the method or equipment used to guard or protect:وِقايَهThe walls will act as a defence against flooding.
3) a person's answer to an accusation especially in a law-court:دِفاع (في المَحْكَمَه)What is your defence?
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25 hurry
[ˈharɪ] (American) [ˈhə:rɪ]1. verb1) to (cause to) move or act quickly, often too quickly:يُسْرِعIf you hurry me, I'll make mistakes.
2) to convey quickly:يَنْقُل بِسُرْعَهAfter the accident, the injured man was hurried to the hospital.
2. noun1) the act of doing something quickly, often too quickly:تَسَرُّعIn his hurry to leave, he fell and broke his arm.
2) the need to do something quickly:سُرْعَه، عَجَلَهIs there any hurry for this job?
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26 observance
nounمُراعاة القَوانينthe observance of the law.
مُحافظَه على التَّقاليد أو الشَّعائِرthe observance of religious holidays.
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27 execution
[-ʃən] noun1) (an act of) killing by law:إعْدام تَنْفيذ الإعْدامThe judge ordered the execution of the murderer.
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28 revival
noun1) the act of reviving or state of being revived:بَعْث ، إحْياء، إنْعاشthe revival of the invalid / of our hopes.
2) (a time of) new or increased interest in something:مَرْحَلَة إحْياءa religious revival.
3) (the act of producing) an old and almost forgotten play, show etc.إحياء عَمَلٍ فَنّي قَديم -
29 piping
1. noun1) the act of playing a musical pipe or pipes.عَزْف على القِرَب2) (the act or process of conveying water, gas etc by means of) a length of pipe or number of pipes:نَقْل بالأنابيبPiping the oil ashore will not be easy.
2. adjective(of a sound) high-pitched:عالي الصَّوْتa piping voice.
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30 hold
I [həuld] past tense, past participle held [held]1. verb1) to have in one's hand(s) or between one's hands:يَحْمِلُ في يدهHe held the mouse by its tail.
2) to have in a part, or between parts, of the body, or between parts of a tool etc:يُمْسِكُ بHold the stamp with tweezers.
3) to support or keep from moving, running away, falling etc:What holds that shelf up?
يَرْفَعُ، يُثَبِّتHold his arms so that he can't struggle.
4) to remain in position, fixed etc when under strain:I've tied the two pieces of string together, but I'm not sure the knot will hold
يَصْمُد، يبقى ثابِتاWill the anchor hold in a storm?
5) to keep (a person) in some place or in one's power:The police are holding a man for questioning in connection with the murder
يَقْبِض عَلىHe was held captive.
6) to (be able to) contain:يتَّسِعُ لِ، يَحْمِلThis drawer holds all my shirts.
7) to cause to take place:يَجْري، يَعْقِدُWe'll hold the meeting in the hall.
8) to keep (oneself), or to be, in a particular state or condition:يُبْقي، يَحْتَفِظُ بShe holds herself very erect.
يُشْغِلُHe held the position of company secretary for five years.
10) to think strongly; to believe; to consider or regard:يرى أن، يعتقِد، يَعْتَبِر، يحْتَرِمHe holds certain very odd beliefs.
11) to continue to be valid or apply:يَسْري مَفعوله، ينطبِقThese rules hold under all circumstances.
12) ( with to) to force (a person) to do something he has promised to do:يُلْزِم بI intend to hold him to his promises.
13) to defend:يُدافِعThey held the castle against the enemy.
14) not to be beaten by:يوقِف، يَصُدThe general realized that the soldiers could not hold the enemy for long.
15) to keep (a person's attention):يحافِظ على إنتباهIf you can't hold your pupils' attention, you can't be a good teacher.
16) to keep someone in a certain state:يُبْقيDon't hold us in suspense, what was the final decision?
17) to celebrate:يَجْري، يُقامThe festival is held on 24 June.
18) to be the owner of:يَمْلُك، يَحْتَفِظُ بHe holds shares in this company.
19) (of good weather) to continue:يَسْتَمِر، يَبْقىI hope the weather holds until after the school sports.
20) ( also hold the line) (of a person who is making a telephone call) to wait:يَنْتَظِرMr Brown is busy at the moment – will you hold or would you like him to call you back?
21) to continue to sing:يَسْتَمِر في الغِناءPlease hold that note for four whole beats.
22) to keep (something):يحْتَفِظ، يُبْقي علىThey'll hold your luggage at the station until you collect it.
23) (of the future) to be going to produce:يَجْلِب، يُعْطي، يَحْمِلُI wonder what the future holds for me?
2. noun1) the act of holding:He caught/got/laid/took hold of the rope and pulled
قَبْضَه، مَسْكَهKeep hold of that rope.
2) power; influence:قُوَّه، تَأثيرHe has a strange hold over that girl.
3) (in wrestling etc) a manner of holding one's opponent:مَسْكَة في المُصارَعَه II [həuld] nounThe wrestler invented a new hold.
(in ships) the place, below the deck, where cargo is stored.عَنْبَر أو مَخْزَن السَّفينَه -
31 lead
I [liːd] past tense, past participle led [led]1. verb1) to guide or direct or cause to go in a certain direction:يَقودYou led us to believe that we would be paid!
2) to go or carry to a particular place or along a particular course:يوصِلُA small path leads through the woods.
3) ( with to) to cause or bring about a certain situation or state of affairs:يُؤَدّي، يُسَبِّبThe heavy rain led to serious floods.
4) to be first (in):يسير في المُقَدِّمَهHe is still leading in the competition.
5) to live (a certain kind of life):يعيشُShe leads a pleasant existence on a Greek island.
2. noun1) the front place or position:المَركِز الأوَّل، المُقَدِّمَهHe has taken over the lead in the race.
2) the state of being first:ريادَه، المكان الأوَّلWe have a lead over the rest of the world in this kind of research.
3) the act of leading:قِيادَهWe all followed his lead.
4) the amount by which one is ahead of others:سَبْقHe has a lead of twenty metres (over the man in second place).
رَسَن للكلاب، حِزام جِلْديAll dogs must be kept on a lead.
مَعلوماتThe police have several leads concerning the identity of the thief.
الدَّوْر الرَّئيسي II [led] nounWho plays the lead in that film?
1) ( also adjective) (of) an element, a soft, heavy, bluish-grey metal:مَعْدَن الرَّصاصAre these pipes made of lead or copper?
2) the part of a pencil that leaves a mark:رصاص قَلَم الرَّصاصThe lead of my pencil has broken.
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32 ring
I [rɪŋ]1. noun1) a small circle eg of gold or silver, sometimes having a jewel set in it, worn on the finger:خاتِمShe wears a diamond ring.
2) a circle of metal, wood etc for any of various purposes:حَلَقَهThe trap-door had a ring attached for lifting it.
3) anything which is like a circle in shape:حَلَقَه، دائِرَهThe hot teapot left a ring on the polished table.
4) an enclosed space for boxing matches, circus performances etc:حَلَبَهThe crowd cheered as the boxer entered the ring.
5) a small group of people formed for business or criminal purposes:حَلَقَه ، مَجْموعَهa drugs ring.
2. verb– past tense, past participle ringed1) verb2) to form a ring round.يُكَوِّن حَلَقَه3) to put, draw etc a ring round (something):يَضَعُ حَلَقَ أو دائِرَه حَوْل الخَطَأHe has ringed all your errors.
4) to put a ring on the leg of (a bird) as a means of identifying it.يَضَعُ حَلَقَة حَوْلَ رجْل الحَيوان او الطَّيْر II [rɪŋ] past tense rang [raŋ]: past participle rung [raŋ]1. verb1) to (cause to) sound:يَقْرَع، يَدُقThe telephone rang.
2) ( often with up) to telephone (someone):يَتَّصِل هاتِفِياI'll ring you (up) tonight.
3) ( often with for ) to ring a bell (eg in a hotel) to tell someone to come, to bring something etc:يَتَّصِل هاتِفِيا لِيَجْلِبShe rang for the maid.
4) (of certain objects) to make a high sound like a bell:يَرِنُّ، يَطِنُّThe glass rang as she hit it with a metal spoon.
5) to be filled with sound:يمْتَلئ بالصَّوْتThe hall rang with the sound of laughter.
6) ( often with out) to make a loud, clear sound:يَرنُّA shot rang out.
2. noun1) the act or sound of ringing:رَنينthe ring of a telephone.
2) a telephone call:إتِّصال هاتِفيI'll give you a ring.
3) a suggestion, impression or feeling:نَبْرَه، إنْطِباعHis story has a ring of truth about it.
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33 rise
[raɪz] past tense rose [rouz]: past participle risen [ˈrɪzn]1. verb1) to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase:If the river rises much more, there will be a flood
يَرْتَفِعHis spirits rose at the good news.
2) to move upwards:يَعْلو، يَرْتَفِع، يَتَصاعَدThe curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.
3) to get up from bed:يَنْهَضHe rises every morning at six o'clock.
4) to stand up:يَقِفThe children all rose when the headmaster came in.
5) (of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon:تُشْرِق الشَّمْسThe sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
6) to slope upwards:يَرْتَفِع، يَعْلوThe ground rises at this point.
7) to rebel:يَثورThe people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.
8) to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc:يَتَرَقّىHe rose to the rank of colonel.
9) (of a river) to begin or appear:يَظْهَر، يبدأ بالظُّهورThe Rhône rises in the Alps.
10) (of wind) to begin; to become stronger:تَهُبُّ الرّيح، تَعلوDon't go out in the boat – the wind has risen.
11) to be built:يُبْنى، يَرْتَفِعOffice blocks are rising all over the town.
12) to come back to life:يُبْعَثُ حَيّاJesus has risen.
2. noun1) (the) act of rising:ارتِقاء، صُعودa rise in prices.
2) an increase in salary or wages:زيادَه في الرّاتِبShe asked her boss for a rise.
3) a slope or hill:مُنْحَدَرThe house is just beyond the next rise.
4) the beginning and early development of something:ظُهور، صُعودthe rise of the Roman Empire.
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34 hit
[hɪt] present participle ˈhitting: past tense, past participle hit1. verb1) to (cause or allow to) come into hard contact with:He hit his head on/against a low branch
يَضرُبThat boxer can certainly hit hard!
2) to make hard contact with (something), and force or cause it to move in some direction:يَصْدُم، يَصْطَدِمThe batsman hit the ball (over the wall).
3) to cause to suffer:يُسبب المُعاناه، يَضْرُب، يصيب بHer husband's death hit her hard.
4) to find; to succeed in reaching:يجد، ينجَح في الوُصول إلىShe used to be a famous soprano but she cannot hit the high notes now.
2. noun1) the act of hitting:ضَرْب، إصابَهThat was a good hit.
نُقْطَه، هَدَفHe scored five hits.
3) something which is popular or successful:The play/record is a hit
ضَربة ناجِحَه، عمل ناجِح( also adjective) a hit song.
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35 lift
[lɪft]1. verb1) to raise or bring to a higher position:يَرْفَعThe box was so heavy I couldn't lift it.
2) to take and carry away:يَحْمِلHe lifted the table through into the kitchen.
يَنْقَشِع، يَنْجَليBy noon, the fog was beginning to lift.
4) to rise:تَرْتَفِعThe aeroplane lifted into the air.
2. noun1) the act of lifting:رَفْعa lift of the eyebrows.
2) (American ˈelevator ) a small enclosed platform etc that moves up and down between floors carrying goods or people:مِصْعَدSince she was too tired to climb the stairs, she went up in the lift.
تَوْصيلَهCan I give you a lift into town?
4) a raising of the spirits:إرْتِفاع في المَعْنَوِيَّهHer success in the exam gave her a great lift.
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36 nip
[nɪp] past tense, past participle nipped1. verb1) to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite:يَضْغَط بين الإبْهام والسَّبابَه، يَقْرُص، يَعُضThe dog nipped her ankle.
2) to cut with such an action:يَقْطَع، يَقْضُمHe nipped off the heads of the flowers.
3) to sting:يَقْرُصIodine nips when it is put on a cut.
4) to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey:يَقوم بِزِيارَةٍ سَريعَهHe nipped over to Paris for the week-end.
يوقِف نُمُوThe frost has nipped the roses.
2. noun1) the act of pinching or biting:قَرْصَه، عَضَّهHis dog gave her a nip on the ankle.
2) a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather:لَسْعَهa nip in the air.
3) a small drink, especially of spirits.جُرْعَه -
37 sight
[saɪt]1. noun1) the act or power of seeing:بَصَرThe blind man had lost his sight in the war.
2) the area within which things can be seen by someone:مَجال الرؤْيَهThe end of our troubles is in sight.
3) something worth seeing:مَناظِرShe took her visitors to see the sights of London.
4) a view or glimpse.مَنْظَر، رُؤْيَه5) something seen that is unusual, ridiculous, shocking etc:شَيء مُثير للسُّخْرِيَهShe's quite a sight in that hat.
مِهْداف، جِهاز التَّصْويبWhere is the sight on a rifle?
2. verb1) to get a view of; to see suddenly:يُبْصِر، يُشاهِدWe sighted the coast as dawn broke.
2) to look at (something) through the sight of a gun:يُصَوِّب، يُسَدِّد، يُعَيِّنHe sighted his prey and pulled the trigger.
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38 support
[səˈpɔːt]1. verb1) to bear the weight of, or hold upright, in place etc:That chair won't support him / his weight
يَسْنِد، يَحْمِلHe limped home, supported by a friend on either side of him.
2) to give help, or approval to:يَدْعَم، يُسانِد، يُؤَيِّدHis family supported him in his decision.
3) to provide evidence for the truth of:يُعَزِّز، يُؤَيِّدThe second witness supported the statement of the first one.
4) to supply with the means of living:يُعيلHe has a wife and four children to support.
2. noun1) the act of supporting or state of being supported:دَعْم، تأييدI would like to say a word or two in support of his proposal.
2) something that supports:سِناد، دِعامَه، رَكيزَهOne of the supports of the bridge collapsed.
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39 twist
[twɪst]1. verb1) to turn round (and round):يُدير، يَبْرُمThe road twisted through the mountains.
2) to wind around or together:يَفْتِلHe twisted the piece of string (together) to make a rope.
3) to force out of the correct shape or position:يَلْويHe twisted her arm painfully.
2. noun1) the act of twisting.لَوي، فَتْل، جَدْل، إلْتِواء2) a twisted piece of something:لَفَّةٌ منHe added a twist of lemon to her drink.
3) a turn, coil etc:جَدْل، إلتِواءThere's a twist in the rope.
إنْحِراف، تَغييرThe story had a strange twist at the end.
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40 call
[kɔːl]1. verb1) to give a name to:يَدْعو، يُسَمّي2) to regard (something) as:يُسَمّي، يَعْتَبِرI saw you turn that card over – I call that cheating.
ينادي، يَدْعوShe called louder so as to get his attention.
4) to summon; to ask (someone) to come (by letter, telephone etc):يَسْتَدْعيHe called a doctor.
5) to make a visit:يَزورُ، يعرّج علىYou were out when I called.
6) to telephone:يَتَّصِلُ هاتِفِيّاI'll call you at 6 p.m.
7) (in card games) to bid.يَعْرِضُ سِعْرا (في لُعبة الورق)2. noun1) an exclamation or shout:صَيْحَةُ نِداءa call for help.
2) the song of a bird:أُنْشودَه، غِناءُ الطَّيْرthe call of a blackbird.
زِيارَه قَصيرَهThe teacher made a call on the boy's parents.
4) the act of calling on the telephone:مكالَمَه هاتفيه، إتِّصال هاتفيI've just had a call from the police.
5) ( usually with the) attraction:جاذِدبِيَّه(نِداء) البحرthe call of the sea.
6) a demand:طَلًَبٌ علىThere's less call for coachmen nowadays.
7) a need or reason:سَبَبٌYou've no call to say such things!
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