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21 вещество, загрязняющее воздух
вещество, загрязняющее воздух
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
air pollutant
Any pollutant agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air and can, in high enough concentrations, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. (Source: LEE / TOE)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > вещество, загрязняющее воздух
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22 воздушная безопасность
воздушная безопасность
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
air safety
Any measure, technique or design intended to reduce the risk of harm posed by either moving vehicles or projectiles above the earth's surface or pollutants to the earth's atmosphere. (Source: AHB / TOE)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > воздушная безопасность
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23 вред здоровью
вред
Физические травмы и (или) нанесение другого вреда здоровью или имуществу.
[ГОСТ ЕН 1070-2003]
вред, ущерб здоровью
Причинение физической травмы или ущерба здоровью человека
[ ГОСТ Р ИСО 12100-1:2007]Тематики
Синонимы
EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > вред здоровью
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24 временное жилье на случай чрезвычайной ситуации
временное жилье на случай чрезвычайной ситуации
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
emergency lodging
Housing or dwelling space provided for victims of a sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence, especially when harm has been done to human life, property or the environment. (Source: RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > временное жилье на случай чрезвычайной ситуации
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25 высокий уровень риска
высокий уровень риска
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
major risk
The high probability that a given hazard or situation will yield a significant amount of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property, disruption of economic activity or harm to the environment; or any product of the probability of occurrence and the expected magnitude of damage beyond a maximum acceptable level. (Source: TOE / HMD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > высокий уровень риска
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26 длительный допустимый ток
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
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27 дорожная безопасность
дорожная безопасность
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
road safety
Any measure, technique or design intended to reduce the risk of harm posed by moving vehicles along a constructed land route. (Source: RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > дорожная безопасность
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28 заповедник, заказник
заповедник, заказник
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
reserve
Any area of land or water that has been set aside for a special purpose, often to prevent or reduce harm to its wildlife and ecosystems. (Source: RHW / DOE)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > заповедник, заказник
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29 защита дикой природы
защита дикой природы
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
wildlife protection
Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to animals, plants and other organisms living in their natural state. (Source: RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > защита дикой природы
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30 защита животных
защита животных
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
animal protection
Precautionary actions or procedures taken to prevent or reduce the harm to sentient, non-human species, posed, in most cases, by humans. (Source: ONE / RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > защита животных
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31 защита климата
защита климата
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
climate protection
Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm from pollution to natural weather conditions or patterns, including the prevailing temperature, atmospheric composition and precipitation. (Source: DOE / RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > защита климата
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32 защита подземных вод
защита подземных вод
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
groundwater protection
Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of fresh water found beneath the earth's surface, usually in aquifers, which supply wells and springs. (Source: RHW / TOE)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > защита подземных вод
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33 защита природы
защита природы
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
nature protection
Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the elements of the material world that exist independently of human activity. (Source: RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > защита природы
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34 защита слуха
защита слуха
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
hearing protection
The total of measures and devices implemented to preserve persons from harm to the faculty of perceiving sound. (Source: OED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > защита слуха
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35 инвазия посевов сельскохозяйственных культур
инвазия посевов сельскохозяйственных культур
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
infestation of crops
Invasion of crop by parasites. Among vertebrate animals, many crop pests are mammals, especially in the order of rodents and birds. Among invertebrates, certain species of gastropods and a large number of roundworms from the class of nematodes harm crops. The most varied and numerous species of crop pests are arthropods-insects, arachnids and some species of millipedes and crustaceans. Diseases vary from viral, bacterial, and nutritional to fungal, environmental and non-specific. The FAO has estimated that annual worldwide losses done by plant pests and diseases amount to approximately 20-25% of the potential worldwide yield of food crops. (Source: RRDA / WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > инвазия посевов сельскохозяйственных культур
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36 международная безопасность
международная безопасность
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
international safety
Freedom from danger or the quality of averting risk of harm to persons, property or the environment shared across one or more national boundaries; consequently, the combined efforts of more than one nation to achieve or preserve that state. (Source: OED / RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > международная безопасность
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37 минимизация ущерба
минимизация ущерба
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
minimisation of damage
The activity of reducing the harm or injury done to the environment or ecosystem. (Source: OED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > минимизация ущерба
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38 нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
pollution control regulation
A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. (Source: TOE / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
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39 ожидание опасности
ожидание опасности
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
anticipation of danger
The act of foreseeing, expecting and taking measures against possible future exposure to harm, death or a thing that causes these. (Source: ISEP)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ожидание опасности
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40 ответственность за морские инциденты
ответственность за морские инциденты
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
liability for marine accidents
Subjection to a legal obligation, such as financial recompense or ecological reparations, for any harm or damage inflicted on persons, property or the environment in the course of commercial or recreational activity in, on or near a sea. (Source: BLD / RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ответственность за морские инциденты
См. также в других словарях:
Harm reduction — is a philosophy of public health, intended to be a progressive alternative to the prohibition of certain potentially dangerous lifestyle choices in society. The central idea of harm reduction is the recognition that some people always have and… … Wikipedia
HARM — may refer to : * AGM 88 HARM, a missile * Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum, a museum located in Creve Coeur, Missouri, United StatesH.A.R.M. may stand for : * a terrorist fictional organisation in and video games, * Human Aetiological… … Wikipedia
Harm — bezeichnet: AGM 88 HARM, eine Luft Boden Rakete Harm ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Friedrich Harm (1844–1905), deutscher sozialdemokratischer Politiker Hermann Harm (1894–1985), deutscher SS Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Polizei… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Harm Principle — Le Harm principle, parfois traduit principe de non nuisance[1], ou principe du tort[2], est un principe de philosophie politique et morale énoncé par John Stuart Mill dans son ouvrage De la liberté[3] (1859). Si Mill est l auteur de ce principe,… … Wikipédia en Français
harm — n: loss of or damage to a person s right, property, or physical or mental well being: injury harm vt Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996 … Law dictionary
Harm E.A. Pinkster — Harm Pinkster (* 5. März 1942 in Emmen (Niederlande)) ist ein Klassischer Philologe mit Schwerpunkt Lateinische Linguistik. Er ist emeritierter Professor der Universität von Amsterdam Leben und Werk Nach dem Besuch des Gymnasiums studierte… … Deutsch Wikipedia
harm — Ⅰ. harm UK US /hɑːm/ noun [C or U] ► damage done to something: »The board failed to prove irreparable harm in its suit against the council. »The harms associated with climate change are serious and well recognized. not do (any) harm to sb/sth… … Financial and business terms
Harm Willms — Harm Willms, auch Willems geschrieben (* 31. Oktober 1822 in Ihrhove; † 2. August 1893 in Weener) war ein baptistischer Geistlicher und Missionar, der zur Gründergeneration des deutschen Baptismus gehörte und als theologischer Autodidakt sowie… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Harm Pinkster — (* 5. März 1942 in Emmen) ist ein niederländischer Klassischer Philologe mit Schwerpunkt Lateinische Linguistik. Er ist emeritierter Professor der Universität von Amsterdam Leben und Werk Nach dem Besuch des Gymnasiums studierte Pinkster… … Deutsch Wikipedia
harm — harm·er; harm·ful; harm·ful·ly; harm·ful·ness; harm·less; harm·less·ly; harm·less·ness; harm; … English syllables
Harm Lagaay — auf dem Nürburgring, 2011 Harm Lagaay im Interview, über die konvexen und konkaven Kurven eines Porsches, 2004 … Deutsch Wikipedia