dissolūta+alvus

1) развязывать ( nodum L); отвязывать ( pugionem a latĕre T); распутывать ( restim Pl); открывать ( cistulam Pl)

2) освобождать, избавлять (aliquem vinculis Pl, curis V, poenā T; aere alieno L; se occupationibus C; animum religionis nodis Lcr)

3) растоплять ( glaciem Lcr)

4) вскрывать ( venas T)

5) расслаблять

6) прекращать, разгонять, прогонять ( metum Lcn); утолять ( famem O)

7) погашать, уплачивать (aliquid alicui C etc.; nomina alicujus C)

8) искупать ( culpam T)

9)

а) выполнять, исполнять (promissa T; fidem L, Dig)

б) соблюдать (jus jurandum, votum L)

10) объяснять

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.

Lit.

Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

silex,

Verg. A. 6, 471:

ferrum,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

cautes,

Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

bipennes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

ligones,

id. Epod. 5, 30:

aratrum,

id. S. 1, 1, 28:

compes,

id. Epod. 4, 4:

pellis,

Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

arva,

id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

cutis,

Ov. M. 8, 805:

alvus,

Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

muria,

saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

dumeta,

i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

gallina,

tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

ladanum durissimum tactu,

Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.

E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—

Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—

Transf.

As affecting the sense of taste:

vinum, opp. suavis,

hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

sapor Bacchi,

Verg. G. 4, 102:

acetum,

Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—

As affecting the ear:

vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 62:

consonantes,

id. 11, 3, 35:

syllabae,

id. 12, 10, 30:

verba,

id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

compositio,

id. 9, 4, 142.

Trop.

Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

Attilius poëta durissimus,

id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

pictor durus in coloribus,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—

But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

fortes et duri Spartiatae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

Ligures, durum in armis genus,

Liv. 27, 48:

durum genus experiensque laborum,

hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

unde homines nati, durum genus,

Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

gens dura atque aspera cultu,

a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

Lucr. 5, 926:

Dardanidae,

Verg. A. 3, 94:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

Iberia,

id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

vindemiator,

id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

ilia messorum,

id. Epod. 3, 4:

juvenci,

Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —

Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

id. Arch. 8:

neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

id. Lael. 13 fin.;

ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

satis pater durus fui,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

ōs durum,

shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

cor,

Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—

Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

lex,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

condicio,

Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

provincia,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

partes,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

dolor,

Lucr. 3, 460:

labor,

id. 5, 1272:

subvectiones,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

venatus,

Ov. M. 4, 307:

dura cultu et aspera plaga,

Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

durissimo tempore anni,

Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

morbum acrem ac durum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

valetudo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

dolores,

Verg. A. 5, 5:

frigus,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

fames,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

pauperies,

id. C. 4, 9, 49:

causa,

Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

nomen (opp. molle),

Cic. Off. 1, 12:

verbum,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

propositio,

Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

ego dura tuli,

Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.

(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

durius,

Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —

(Acc. to II. A.-C.)

Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

membra moventes Duriter,

Lucr. 5, 1401:

duriter,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

dure,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—

Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—

Harshly, roughly, sternly:

quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

duriter,

Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—

Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

durius cadentibus rebus,

Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.

Lit.

Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

silex,

Verg. A. 6, 471:

ferrum,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

cautes,

Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

bipennes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

ligones,

id. Epod. 5, 30:

aratrum,

id. S. 1, 1, 28:

compes,

id. Epod. 4, 4:

pellis,

Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

arva,

id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

cutis,

Ov. M. 8, 805:

alvus,

Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

muria,

saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

dumeta,

i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

gallina,

tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

ladanum durissimum tactu,

Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.

E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—

Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—

Transf.

As affecting the sense of taste:

vinum, opp. suavis,

hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

sapor Bacchi,

Verg. G. 4, 102:

acetum,

Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—

As affecting the ear:

vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 62:

consonantes,

id. 11, 3, 35:

syllabae,

id. 12, 10, 30:

verba,

id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

compositio,

id. 9, 4, 142.

Trop.

Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

Attilius poëta durissimus,

id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

pictor durus in coloribus,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—

But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

fortes et duri Spartiatae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

Ligures, durum in armis genus,

Liv. 27, 48:

durum genus experiensque laborum,

hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

unde homines nati, durum genus,

Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

gens dura atque aspera cultu,

a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

Lucr. 5, 926:

Dardanidae,

Verg. A. 3, 94:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

Iberia,

id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

vindemiator,

id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

ilia messorum,

id. Epod. 3, 4:

juvenci,

Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —

Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

id. Arch. 8:

neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

id. Lael. 13 fin.;

ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

satis pater durus fui,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

ōs durum,

shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

cor,

Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—

Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

lex,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

condicio,

Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

provincia,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

partes,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

dolor,

Lucr. 3, 460:

labor,

id. 5, 1272:

subvectiones,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

venatus,

Ov. M. 4, 307:

dura cultu et aspera plaga,

Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

durissimo tempore anni,

Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

morbum acrem ac durum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

valetudo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

dolores,

Verg. A. 5, 5:

frigus,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

fames,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

pauperies,

id. C. 4, 9, 49:

causa,

Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

nomen (opp. molle),

Cic. Off. 1, 12:

verbum,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

propositio,

Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

ego dura tuli,

Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.

(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

durius,

Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —

(Acc. to II. A.-C.)

Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

membra moventes Duriter,

Lucr. 5, 1401:

duriter,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

dure,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—

Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—

Harshly, roughly, sternly:

quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

duriter,

Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—

Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

durius cadentibus rebus,

Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.

Lit.

Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

silex,

Verg. A. 6, 471:

ferrum,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

cautes,

Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

bipennes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

ligones,

id. Epod. 5, 30:

aratrum,

id. S. 1, 1, 28:

compes,

id. Epod. 4, 4:

pellis,

Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

arva,

id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

cutis,

Ov. M. 8, 805:

alvus,

Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

muria,

saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

dumeta,

i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

gallina,

tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

ladanum durissimum tactu,

Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.

E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—

Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—

Transf.

As affecting the sense of taste:

vinum, opp. suavis,

hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

sapor Bacchi,

Verg. G. 4, 102:

acetum,

Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—

As affecting the ear:

vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 62:

consonantes,

id. 11, 3, 35:

syllabae,

id. 12, 10, 30:

verba,

id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

compositio,

id. 9, 4, 142.

Trop.

Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

Attilius poëta durissimus,

id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

pictor durus in coloribus,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—

But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

fortes et duri Spartiatae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

Ligures, durum in armis genus,

Liv. 27, 48:

durum genus experiensque laborum,

hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

unde homines nati, durum genus,

Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

gens dura atque aspera cultu,

a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

Lucr. 5, 926:

Dardanidae,

Verg. A. 3, 94:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

Iberia,

id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

vindemiator,

id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

ilia messorum,

id. Epod. 3, 4:

juvenci,

Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —

Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

id. Arch. 8:

neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

id. Lael. 13 fin.;

ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

satis pater durus fui,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

ōs durum,

shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

cor,

Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—

Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

lex,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

condicio,

Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

provincia,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

partes,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

dolor,

Lucr. 3, 460:

labor,

id. 5, 1272:

subvectiones,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

venatus,

Ov. M. 4, 307:

dura cultu et aspera plaga,

Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

durissimo tempore anni,

Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

morbum acrem ac durum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

valetudo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

dolores,

Verg. A. 5, 5:

frigus,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

fames,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

pauperies,

id. C. 4, 9, 49:

causa,

Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

nomen (opp. molle),

Cic. Off. 1, 12:

verbum,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

propositio,

Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

ego dura tuli,

Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.

(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

durius,

Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —

(Acc. to II. A.-C.)

Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

membra moventes Duriter,

Lucr. 5, 1401:

duriter,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

dure,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—

Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—

Harshly, roughly, sternly:

quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

duriter,

Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—

Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

durius cadentibus rebus,

Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

flŭo, xi, xum, 3 (archaic form of the sup.: FLUCTUM, acc. to Prisc. p. 817 P.; cf.: fluo, fluctum, Not. Tir. From this form are derived fluctio and fluctus. In Lucr. 6, 800, the correct read. is laveris, not flueris, v. Lachm. ad h. l.), v. n. [Gr. phlu-, phlusai, anaphluô, etc.; Lat. fleo, fletus; flumen, fluctus, etc.; orig. one root with fla-, to blow, q. v. and cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 302], to flow (cf.: mano, labor, etc.).

Lit.: per amoenam urbem leni fluit agmine flumen, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 177 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

ut flumina in contrarias partes fluxerint,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 78:

flumen quod inter eum et Domitii castra fluebat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 37, 1; cf.

also: aurea tum dicat per terras flumina vulgo Fluxisse,

Lucr. 5, 911:

fluvius Eurotas, qui propter Lacedaemonem fluit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 96:

Helvetiorum inter fines et Allobrogum Rhodanus fluit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 2:

Arar in utram partem fluat,

id. ib. 1, 12, 1:

ea, quae natura fluerent atque manarent, ut aqua,

Cic. N. D. 1, 15, 39: fluens unda, water from a stream (opp.: putealis unda, spring-water), Col. 1, 5, 1:

in foveam,

Lucr. 2, 475; cf. id. 5, 271:

fluxit in terram Remi cruor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 19; cf. Luc. 6, 61:

imber,

Ov. P. 4, 4, 2:

sanguis,

id. M. 12, 312:

fluit de corpore sudor,

id. ib. 9, 173; cf.:

sudor fluit undique rivis,

Verg. A. 5, 200:

aes rivis,

id. ib. 8, 445:

nudo sub pede musta fluunt,

Ov. R. Am. 190:

madidis fluit unda capillis,

drips, id. M. 11, 656:

cerebrum molle fluit,

id. ib. 12, 435:

fluunt lacrimae more perennis aquae,

id. F. 2, 820:

fluens nausea,

Hor. Epod. 9, 35; cf.:

alvus fluens,

Cels. 2, 6:

fluit ignibus aurum,

becomes fluid, melts, Ov. M. 2, 251.—

Transf.

Of bodies, to flow, overflow, run down, drip with any fluid.— With abl.:

cum fluvius Atratus sanguine fluxit,

Cic. Div. 1, 43, 98; Ov. M. 8, 400:

cruore fluens,

id. ib. 7, 343:

sudore fluentia brachia,

id. ib. 9, 57; cf.:

fluunt sudore et lassitudine membra,

Liv. 38, 17, 7; 7, 33, 14; cf. id. 10, 28, 4:

pingui fluit unguine tellus,

Val. Fl. 6, 360:

vilisque rubenti Fluxit mulctra mero,

overflows, Sil. 7, 190. —Without abl.:

madidāque fluens in veste Menoetes,

Verg. A. 5, 179:

fluentes cerussataeque buccae,

dripping with paint, Cic. Pis. 11, 25 (cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266, 2. b. infra):

Graeculae vites acinorum exiguitate minus fluunt,

i. e. yield but little wine, Col. 3, 2, 24; 3, 2, 5; 12, 52, 1.—With acc. of kin. signif.:

Oenotria vina fluens,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 264.—

To move in the manner of fluids, to flow, stream, pour:

inde alium (aëra) supra fluere,

to flow, Lucr. 5, 514 and 522:

unde fluens volvat varius se fluctus odorum,

id. 4, 675 sq.; cf.:

principio omnibus a rebus, quascumque videmus, Perpetuo fluere ac mitti spargique necesse est Corpora, quae feriant oculos visumque lacessant: Perpetuoque fluunt certis ab rebus odores, Frigus ut a fluviis, calor a sole, aestus ab undis Aequoris,

id. 6, 922 sq.:

aestus e lapide,

id. 6, 1002:

venti,

id. 1, 280:

fluit undique victor Mulciber,

Sil. 17, 102:

comae per levia colla fluentes,

flowing, spreading, Prop. 2, 3, 13; cf.:

blanditiaeque fluant per mea colla rosae,

id. 4 (5), 6, 72:

vestis fluens,

flowing, loose, id. 3, 17 (4, 16), 32:

tunicisque fluentibus,

Ov. A. A. 3, 301:

nodoque sinus collecta fluentes,

Verg. A. 1, 320; cf.

also: balteus nec strangulet nec fluat,

Quint. 11, 3, 140:

nec mersa est pelago, nec fluit ulla ratis,

floats, is tossed about, Mart. 4, 66, 14:

ramos compesce fluentes,

floating around, spreading out, Verg. G. 2, 370:

ad terram fluit devexo pondere cervix,

droops, id. ib. 3, 524:

omnisque relictis Turba fluit castris,

pour forth, id. A. 12, 444:

olli fluunt ad regia tecta,

id. ib. 11, 236;

so of a multitude or crowd of men: densatis ordinibus effuse fluentem in se aciem excepere,

Curt. 6, 1, 6.—

Pregn., of bodies, to pass away, fall away, to fall off or out, to vanish:

excident gladii, fluent arma de manibus,

Cic. Phil. 12, 3, 8:

capilli fluunt,

Cels. 6, 1; Plin. 27, 4, 5, § 17:

sponte fluent (poma) matura suā,

Ov. Am. 2, 14, 25:

quasi longinquo fluere omnia cernimus aevo,

Lucr. 2, 69; cf.:

cuncta fluunt omnisque vagans formatur imago,

Ov. M. 15, 178: dissolvuntur enim tum demum membra fluuntque, Lucr. 4, 919:

surae fluxere,

Luc. 9, 770:

buccae fluentes,

fallen in, lank, Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266.

Trop.

In gen., to flow, spring, arise, come forth; to go, proceed:

ex ejus (Nestoris) lingua melle dulcior fluebat oratio,

Cic. de Sen. 10, 31:

carmen vena pauperiore fluit,

Ov. Pont. 4, 2, 20:

Calidii oratio ita libere fluebat, ut nusquam adhaeresceret,

Cic. Brut. 79, 274:

in Herodoto omnia leniter fluunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.

also: grammatice pleno jam satis alveo fluit,

id. 2, 1, 4:

quae totis viribus fluit oratio,

id. 9, 4, 7:

oratio ferri debet ac fluere,

id. 9, 4, 112.— Transf., of the writer himself:

alter (Herodotus) sine ullis salebris quasi sedatus amnis fluit,

Cic. Or. 12, 39; cf.:

(Lucilius) cum flueret lutulentus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 11; 1, 10, 50; 1, 7, 28:

facetiis,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 12:

multa ab ea (luna) manant et fluunt, quibus animantes alantur augescantque,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 50:

haec omnia ex eodem fonte fluxerunt,

id. ib. 3, 19, 48:

dicendi facultatem ex intimis sapientiae fontibus fluere,

Quint. 12, 2, 6; 5, 10, 19; 5, 9, 14:

omnia ex natura rerum hominumque fluere,

id. 6, 2, 13:

nomen ex Graeco fluxisse,

id. 3, 4, 12:

ab isto capite fluere necesse est omnem rationem bonorum et malorum,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34; Quint. 1, 1, 12:

unde id quoque vitium fluit,

id. 11, 3, 109; 7, 3, 33:

Pythagorae doctrina cum longe lateque flueret,

spread itself, Cic. Tusc. 4, 1, 2:

multum fluxisse video de libris nostris variumque sermonem,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 6:

sic mihi tarda fluunt ingrataque tempora,

flow, pass, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 23:

in rebus prosperis et ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

going, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90: rebus supra votum fluentibus, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 169 (Hist. 1, 101 Dietsch); Tac. H. 3, 48; Just. 23, 3; cf.:

rebus prospere fluentibus,

succeeding, prospering, Tac. Or. 5; id. A. 15, 5: illius rationes quorsum fluant, proceed, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4; cf.:

res fluit ad interregnum,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 11;

cuncta in Mithridatem fluxere,

Tac. A. 11, 9.—

In partic.

Of speech, etc., to flow uniformly, be monotonous:

efficiendum est ne fluat oratio, ne vagetur, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 190:

quod species ipsa carminum docet, non impetu et instinctu nec ore uno fluens,

Tac. A. 14, 16; cf. Cic. Brut. 79.—Pregn., to dissolve, vanish, perish:

qua (voluptate) cum liquescimus fluimusque mollitia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

fluens mollitiis,

Vell. 1, 6, 2; 2, 88, 2:

cetera nasci, occidere, fluere, labi, nec diutius esse uno et eodem statu,

Cic. Or. 3, 10:

fluit voluptas corporis et prima quaeque avolat,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106:

fluentem procumbentemque rem publicam populi Romani restituere,

Vell. 2, 16 fin. —Hence,

fluens, entis, P. a.

Lax, relaxed, debauched, enervated, effeminate:

inde soluti ac fluentes non accipiunt e scholis mala ista, sed in scholas afferunt,

Quint. 1, 2, 8:

Campani fluentes luxu,

Liv. 7, 29, 5:

incessu ipso ultra muliebrem mollitiem fluentes,

Sen. Tranq. 15:

fluentibus membris, incessu femineo,

Aug. Civ. D. 7, 26.—

Of speech,

Flowing, fluent:

sed in his tracta quaedam et fluens expetitur, non haec contorta et acris oratio,

Cic. Or. 20, 66:

lenis et fluens contextus,

Quint. 9, 4, 127.—

Lax, unrestrained:

ne immoderata aut angusta aut dissoluta aut fluens sit oratio,

Cic. Or. 58, 198:

dissipata et inculta et fluens oratio,

id. ib. 65, 220;

and transf. of the speaker: in locis ac descriptionibus fusi ac fluentes sumus,

Quint. 9, 4, 138.— Adv.: flŭenter, in a flowing, waving manner (very rare):

res quaeque fluenter fertur,

Lucr. 6, 935 (but not ib. 520, where the correct read. is cientur;

v. Lachm.): capillo fluenter undante,

App. M. 2, p. 122, 7. —

fluxus, a, um, P. a. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit., flowing, fluid:

elementa arida atque fluxa, App. de Mundo: sucus,

Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:

vas fluxum pertusumque,

i. e. leaking, Lucr. 6, 20.—

Transf., flowing, loose, slack:

ipsa crine fluxo thyrsum quatiens,

Tac. A. 11, 31:

habena,

Liv. 38, 29, 6:

amictus,

Luc. 2, 362; cf.:

ut cingeretur fluxiore cinctura,

Suet. Caes. 45 fin.:

fluxa arma,

hanging slack, loose, Tac. H. 2, 99.—

Pregn., frail, perishable, weak:

corpora,

Tac. H. 2, 32; cf.:

spadone eviratior fluxo,

Mart. 5, 41, 1:

(murorum) aevo fluxa,

Tac. H. 2, 22. —

Trop.

Lax, loose, dissolute, careless:

animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,

Sall. C. 14, 5: cf.:

animi fluxioris esse,

Suet. Tib. 52:

duces noctu dieque fluxi,

Tac. H. 3, 76:

spectaculum non enerve nec fluxum,

Plin. Pan. 33, 1:

fluxa atque aperta securitas,

Gell. 4, 20, 8.—

Pregn., frail, weak, fleeting, transient, perishable:

res nostrae ut in secundis fluxae, ut in adversis bonae,

decayed, impaired, disordered, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 1: hujus belli fortuna, ut in secundis, fluxa;

ut in adversis, bona,

id. ad Brut. 1, 10, 2:

res humanae fluxae et mobiles,

Sall. J. 104, 2:

divitiarum et formae gloria fluxa atque fragilis est,

id. C. 1, 4; cf.:

instabile et fluxum,

Tac. A. 13, 19:

fluxa auctoritas,

id. H. 1, 21:

cave fidem fluxam geras,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:

fides,

Sall. J. 111, 2; Liv. 40, 50, 5; cf.:

fluxa et vana fides,

unreliable, unstable, id. 28, 6, 11; Tac. H. 2, 75; 4, 23:

studia inania et fluxa,

id. A. 3, 50 fin.:

fluxa senio mens,

id. ib. 6, 38.— Adv.: fluxē, remissly, negligently (post-class. and rare):

more vitae remissioris fluxius agens,

Amm. 18, 7.