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101 irse de vacaciones
to go on holiday* * *(v.) = vacationEx. They have waged campaigns aimed at discouraging Europeans from vacationing in Cuba.* * *(v.) = vacationEx: They have waged campaigns aimed at discouraging Europeans from vacationing in Cuba.
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102 pasar las vacaciones
(v.) = vacationEx. They have waged campaigns aimed at discouraging Europeans from vacationing in Cuba.* * *(v.) = vacationEx: They have waged campaigns aimed at discouraging Europeans from vacationing in Cuba.
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103 por no decir otra cosa peor
Ex. Several pages of entries under one keyword are discouraging to say the least.* * *Ex: Several pages of entries under one keyword are discouraging to say the least.
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104 vacilación
f.hesitation, dilly-dallying, hesitance, inconstancy.* * *1 (duda) hesitation, wavering2 (falta de decisión) irresolution3 (oscilación) swaying, vacillation\sin vacilaciones without hesitation* * *noun f.* * *SF hesitation, vacillation* * *femenino hesitation, vacillation (frml)* * *= hesitancy, flip-flop, vacillation.Ex. Librarian hesitancy to weed individual titles or types of titles also was cited as an important factor discouraging weeding.Ex. Within this debate, there is flip-flop between those who argue for methods influenced by objectivism and those who argue for a more egalitarian approach.Ex. She was born in the outback of Australia where all people were powerless in the face of the vacillations of nature.* * *femenino hesitation, vacillation (frml)* * *= hesitancy, flip-flop, vacillation.Ex: Librarian hesitancy to weed individual titles or types of titles also was cited as an important factor discouraging weeding.
Ex: Within this debate, there is flip-flop between those who argue for methods influenced by objectivism and those who argue for a more egalitarian approach.Ex: She was born in the outback of Australia where all people were powerless in the face of the vacillations of nature.* * *hesitation, vacillation ( frml)respondió sin vacilaciones she answered without any hesitationtras un momento de vacilación after a moment's hesitation, after hesitating for a moment* * *
vacilación sustantivo femenino
hesitation, vacillation (frml);
vacilación sustantivo femenino hesitation
' vacilación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
pues
- titubeo
English:
hesitancy
- vacillation
- hesitation
* * *vacilación nf1. [duda] hesitation;[al elegir] indecision;entró en el edificio sin vacilación she entered the building without hesitation2. [oscilación] wobbling;[de la luz] flickering* * *f hesitation, vacillation fml* * ** * *vacilación n hesitation -
105 desalentadora
desalentador,-ora adjetivo discouraging, disheartening: el contenido de su carta era desalentador, the contents of the letter were discouraging -
106 descorazonador
descorazonador,-ora adjetivo disheartening, discouraging ' descorazonador' also found in these entries: Spanish: descorazonadora - desolador - desoladora English: discouraging - disheartening -
107 mematahkan
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108 обезкуражителен
обезкуражѝтелен,прил., -на, -но, -ни disheartening, discouraging, dispiriting, unnerving, daunting.* * *discouraging -
109 sconsolante
sconsolante agg. discouraging, depressing, disheartening: ci diede una notizia sconsolante, he gave us a discouraging piece of news.* * *[skonso'lante]aggettivo [notizia, situazione] distressing, disheartening* * *sconsolante/skonso'lante/[notizia, situazione] distressing, disheartening. -
110 somewhat
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111 desalentadora
desalentador,-ora adjetivo discouraging, disheartening: el contenido de su carta era desalentador, the contents of the letter were discouraging
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112 obeshrabrujući
adj discouraging, disheartening* * *• discouraging -
113 chilling
1. n мед. познабливание2. n метал. закалка3. n спец. потускнение4. a страшный, пугающийa chilling tale — повесть, от которой в дрожь бросает
Синонимический ряд:1. chilly (adj.) chilly; cold; cool; freezing; frigid; icy2. discouraging (verb) dejecting; demoralizing; discouraging; disheartening; disparaging; dispiriting -
114 demoralizing
деморализовать; деморализующийСинонимический ряд:1. corrupting (adj.) contaminating; corrupting; demoralising; unhealthy; unwholesome2. irritating (adj.) annoying; arduous; bothersome; difficult; fretful; irksome; irritating; trying; vexing3. debasing (verb) bastardizing; brutalizing; corrupting; debasing; debauching; demoralising; depraving; perverting; poisoning; rotting; staining; vitiating; warping4. discouraging (verb) chilling; dejecting; discouraging; disheartening; disparaging; dispiriting -
115 disparaging
a уничижительный, умаляющий достоинствоthe article was considered to be too disparaging of the writer — было сочтено, что статья содержит чересчур уничижительную оценку писателя
disparaging words, acts or gestures — уничижительные слова, действия или жесты
Синонимический ряд:1. complaining (adj.) captious; carping; censorious; complaining; critical; faultfinding; reproachful; severe2. derogatory (adj.) belittling; deprecatory; depreciative; depreciatory; derogatory; detracting; disadvantageous; dyslogistic; pejorative; slighting; uncomplimentary3. dim (adj.) adverse; dim4. decrying (verb) abusing; belittling; crying down; decrying; depreciating; derogating; detracting; detracting from; diminishing; discounting; disparaging; downgrading; minimising; minimizing; running down; taking away; taking from; talk down; writing off5. discouraging (verb) chilling; dejecting; demoralizing; discouraging; disheartening; dispiriting -
116 diverting
a развлекательный, увеселительный, забавныйСинонимический ряд:1. amusing (adj.) amusing; comical; distracting; droll; funny; humorous; jocose; laughable; ludicrous2. entertaining (adj.) charming; cheering; enchanting; engaging; entertaining; interesting; lively; pleasing3. discouraging (verb) deterring; discouraging; dissuading; diverting4. entertaining (verb) amusing; distracting; entertaining; recreating5. turning (verb) averting; deflecting; pivoting; redirecting; re-routing; sheering; shifting; swinging; turning; veering; wheeling; whipping; whirling -
117 pessimistic
Синонимический ряд:1. despairing (adj.) bleak; cynical; dark; despairing; dismal; foreboding; gloomy; hopeless; misanthropic; morbid; morose; sullen2. discouraging (adj.) discouraging; troublesome; troubling; worrisome3. fatalistic (adj.) deterministic; fatalistic; mechanistic; rationalistic; realisticАнтонимический ряд:assured; bright; confident; enthusiastic; hopeful; optimistic; rosy; sanguine -
118 Memory
To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)[Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of PsychologyIf a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat DiscouragingThe results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have influenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory
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119 обескураживающий
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > обескураживающий
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120 расхолаживающий
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > расхолаживающий
См. также в других словарях:
Discouraging — Dis*cour a*ging, a. Causing or indicating discouragement. {Dis*cour a*ging*ly}, adv. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
discouraging — [di skʉr′ijiŋ] adj. that discourages; disheartening; depressing discouragingly adv. * * * … Universalium
discouraging — index chilling effect, remonstrative, unfavorable Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
discouraging — [adj] upsetting black, bleak, dampening, daunting, depressing, depressive, deterring, disadvantageous, disappointing, disheartening, dismal, dismaying, dispiriting, dissuading, dreary, gloomy, hindering, inopportune, off putting, oppressive,… … New thesaurus
discouraging — [di skʉr′ijiŋ] adj. that discourages; disheartening; depressing discouragingly adv … English World dictionary
discouraging — adj. 1) deeply discouraging 2) discouraging to + inf. (it is discouraging to read the newspapers) 3) discouraging that + clause (it s discouraging that so little progress has been made in banning nuclear weapons) * * * deeply discouraging… … Combinatory dictionary
Discouraging — Discourage Dis*cour age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Discouraged}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Discouraging}.] [Pref. dis + courage: cf. OF. descoragier, F. d[ e]courager: pref. des (L. dis ) + corage, F. courage. See {Courage}.] 1. To extinguish the… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
discouraging — adj. Discouraging is used with these nouns: ↑word … Collocations dictionary
discouraging — dis|cour|a|ging [dısˈkʌrıdʒıŋ US ˈkə:r ] adj making you lose the confidence or determination you need to continue doing something ▪ The results were discouraging. >discouragingly adv … Dictionary of contemporary English
discouraging — dis|cour|ag|ing [ dıs kʌrıdʒıŋ ] adjective making you feel that it is useless to try to do something: Their attitude was very discouraging … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
discouraging — adjective making you lose the confidence or determination you need to continue doing something: The test results so far encountered have been very discouraging. discouragingly adverb … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
