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61 kind
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62 delicate
['delɪkɪt]adj1) хрупкий, слабый, нежный, тонкий, требующий осторожного обращения, изящный, виртуозныйThe child was delicate from constant illnesses. — У ребенка от постоянных болезней было слабое здоровье.
The food wasn't delicate enough for him. — Пища для него была груба.
She is too delicate for such hard work. — Она слишком слаба для такой тяжелой работы.
It is not delicate to ask such questions. — Бестактно задавать такие вопросы.
- delicate skin- delicate plant
- delicate flower
- delicate child
- delicate health
- delicate lungs
- delicate touch2) тактичный, осторожный, деликатныйThere was nothing delicate about his remark. — Его замечание было просто бестактным.
It was delicate of him not to show any curiosity. — Он поступил тактично, не проявив любопытства.
- delicate hintIt wasn't delicate of him to refuse to see her home. — Он бестактно отказался проводить ее до дому.
- delicate in one's remarks
- be delicate with smb3) тонкий, изящный, изысканный, утончённый, грациозныйEhere is something delicate about her face. — Было что-то изящное в ее лице.
- delicate taste- delicate features
- delicate figure
- delicate workmanship
- delicate lace
- delicate style
- delicate china
- delicate operation
- delicate constitution
- delicate flavour
- delicate web of the spider
- delicate shale of blue
- delicate ear for music
- delicate in one's appearance
- delicate in one's movements4) затруднительный, щекотливый, трудный, сложный, деликатный- delicate question- delicate matter
- delicate subject
- delicate mission
- delicate situation
- delicate stage in negotiations5) точный- delicate difference- delicate balance
- delicate adjustiment -
63 ratio
1) отношение; соотношение2) коэффициент; пропорция3) фактор•- ratio of circumference to diameter - ratio of compression - ratio of damping - ratio of dimensions - ratio of expansion - ratio of gear - ratio of grade - ratio of refraction - ratio of reinforcement - ratio of slip - ratio of slope - ratio of transformation - ratio of transmission - air circulation ratio - air void ratio - amplifier ratio - area-border ratio - availability ratio - balanced steel ratio - bending moment ratio - braking ratio - cement-aggregate ratio - cement-space ratio - cement-water ratio - circulation ratio - compression ratio - concentration ratio - control ratio - cost-effectiveness ratio - critical void ratio - damping ratio - daylight ratio - daylight area ratio - depth-to-span ratio - depth-to-width ratio - design ratio - detrusion ratio - dilution ratio - economic ratio - economic ratio of reinforcement in concrete - elastic ratio - explosive ratio - fatigue ratio - feedback ratio - fineness ratio - free water-cement ratio - gear ratio - housing expense ratio - hydrostatic pressure ratio - inlet-outlet pressure ratio - land-to-building ratio - lime ratio - mixture ratio - modular ratio - mortar-voids ratio - output-input ratio - plant and equipment use ratio - plot ratio - Poisson's ratio - power-weight ratio - reduction ratio - reflection ratio - rise-to-span ratio - safety ratio - sag ratio - sand-coarse aggregate ratio - shrinkage ratio - slenderness ratio - span-depth ratio - special heat ratio - steel area ratio - strength-weight ratio - stress ratio - void cement ratio - voids ratio - volumetric ratio - water-binder ratio - water-cement ratio - window efficiency ratio - working reduction ratio - yield ratio* * *коэффициент- ratio of slope
- aggregate-cement ratio
- air circulation ratio
- air entrainment ratio
- air space ratio
- air void ratio
- appearance ratio
- area ratio
- aspect ratio
- authority ratio
- bending moment ratio
- cement-aggregate ratio
- cement/water ratio
- circulation ratio
- column slenderness ratio
- compression ratio
- conjugate ratio
- consolidation ratio
- correlation ratio
- critical void ratio
- cutoff ratio
- damping ratio
- day-light area ratio
- depth-to-span ratio
- dilution ratio
- drowning ratio
- economic ratio
- endurance ratio
- enthalpy-humidity difference ratio
- entrainment ratio
- fatigue ratio
- free area ratio
- free water-cement ratio
- gypsum-sand ratio
- heat-to-humidity ratio
- humidity ratio
- hydrostatic pressure ratio
- induction ratio
- inside clearance ratio
- land-to-building ratio
- livability space ratio
- mixing ratio
- modular ratio
- overconsolidation ratio
- parking ratio
- performance energy ratio
- plot ratio
- Poisson ratio
- radius to thickness ratio
- recirculation ratio
- recovery ratio
- recreation space ratio
- reinforcement ratio
- rib ratio
- sand/coarse aggregate ratio
- saturation ratio
- sensible heat ratio
- settlement ratio of pile group
- slenderness ratio
- slope ratio
- sludge loading ratio
- span-depth ratio
- specific heat ratio
- stiffness ratio
- storage ratio
- strength-density ratio
- strength-weight ratio
- submergence ratio
- swelling ratio
- thaw-consolidation ratio
- total water/cement ratio
- turndown ratio
- void/cement ratio
- voids ratio
- water/binder ratio
- water/cement ratio
- water cementitious ratio
- water-to-air ratio
- water-to-earth ratio
- width-thickness ratio
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64 catch the whigs bathing and walk away with their clothes
"подкараулить противника во время купания и унести его одежду (воспользоваться его одеждой)", нарядиться в тогу противника, выступать в доспехах противника, т. е. начать проводить политику другой партии [выражение создано Б. Дизраэли: The Right Honourable gentleman Sir Robert Peel - автор] caught the Whigs bathing and walked away with their clothes. (‘Speech in the House of Commons’, Febr. 28, 1845)The current doctrine is that Labour must ape the Tory in order to unseat him... It is appearance that counts in this wicked world and there's a world of difference between stealing your opponent's clothes while he is bathing, and then leaving him naked and presumably ashamed, and wearing your opponent's borrowed and wornout trousers. (‘Tribune’) — Лейборист наших дней, чтобы занять в парламенте место консерватора, должен походить на последнего как две капли воды... Да, в этом жестоком мире внешности придается слишком большое значение. Но ведь есть же разница между элегантным платьем, украденным у ничего не подозревающего противника, который, оказавшись нагишом, заливается краской стыда, и потертыми штанами, взятыми у противника напрокат.
Large English-Russian phrasebook > catch the whigs bathing and walk away with their clothes
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65 distinctio
distinctĭo, ōnis, f. [distinguo].I.(Acc. to distinguo, I. B.)A.In gen.1.Subject., a distinguishing, discriminating, a distinction:2.harum rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio,
Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 33; so,facilis ingenui et illiberalis jocis,
id. Off. 1, 29 fin.:justorum injustorumque (lex),
id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.:veri a falso,
id. Fin. 1, 19 fin.:quaestionum,
Quint. 4, 5, 6 et saep.—Object., a difference, distinction:B.causarum distinctio ac dissimilitudo,
Cic. Fat. 19; so,volucrum,
Plin. 10, 11, 13, § 29:quae distinctio sit inter ea, quae gignantur, et ea, quae sint semper eadem,
Cic. Univ. 8:nulla in visis distinctio,
id. Ac. 2, 15 fin.; Dig. 47, 2, 44.—Pregn.:lunae siderumque omnium distinctio, varietas, pulchritudo, ordo,
i. e. the differences in their appearance and motions, Cic. N. D. 2, 5, 15.—In rhet. and gram.1.A separation, division, in discourse;2.and concr.,
a mark of separation, sign of interpunction, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 186; Quint. 1, 5, 27; Diom. p. 432 P.—A figure of speech, separation, distinction, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206; Quint. 9, 3, 65; esp. the contrast of opposing ideas, id. 9, 3, 82; the parting of opposing voices or votes, Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 6. —II.(Acc. to distinguo, II.) A setting off, garnishing; an ornament:distinctio honosque civitatis,
Plin. 28, 3, 3, § 13. -
66 взгляд
подтверждение этого взгляда можно найти в … — confirmation of this view comes from …
на взгляд — in appearance; by sight
на первый взгляд; с первого взгляда — at first glance
Синонимический ряд:1. взор (сущ.) взор2. воззрение (сущ.) воззрение; позицию; позиция; принцип; точка зрения; убеждение3. мнение (сущ.) мнение; понятие; представление; соображение; суждение4. отношение (сущ.) отношение -
67 на взгляд
in appearance; by sight -
68 на первый взгляд
1. prima facieс первого взгляда; по первому впечатлению; на первый взгляд — prima facie
2. superficially3. at first blushс первого взгляда; на первый взгляд — at the first gaze
4. at first glanceна первый взгляд; с первого взгляда — at first glance
косой взгляд; взгляд искоса — sidelong glance
взгляд, направленный вверх — an upward glance
5. at first thought6. at first sightна взгляд — in appearance; by sight
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > на первый взгляд
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69 с первого взгляда
1. at first glance2. at first sightна взгляд — in appearance; by sight
на первый взгляд; с первого взгляда — at first glance
3. at a glance4. on the face of it; at onceс первого взгляда; на первый взгляд — at the first gaze
судя по внешнему виду; на первый взгляд — on the face of
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > с первого взгляда
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70 Velvet
Originally velvet was a fabric made with a short dense pile woven from silk warp. Now the term is applied to fabrics made partly of silk or rayon, and partly of other materials, and to fabrics made entirely of other yarns, besides being indiscriminately confused with velveteen, which is a weft pile texture. There is a constructional difference between warp and weft pile textures. In warp pile velvets the length of the pile is determined by the size of the pile wire, or in other ways, and the pile is cut in the loom. Many velvets are woven double, face-to-face, and cut apart while on the loom. In weft pile velvets the length of pile- is determined by the length of the pile weft floats, and the pile is cut in a supplementary operation after the cloth has left the loom. The distinguishing feature of velvet is a succession of rows of short cut tufts of fibres standing so close together as to present a uniform surface with a rich appearance and entrancing softness to the touch. The quality of velvets is determined by the closeness of the pile tufts and the manner in which they are bound to the ground texture. Various weaves are used according to the weight of fabrics, yarns used, and density of pile desired. The binding of the tufts usually follows one or two systems, either single tufts which are held by only one binding pick, as shown at S, or fast pile tufts which are interwoven with three weft picks as shown at W.
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71 notable
B adj [person] remarquable ; [event, achievement, success, difference] notable ; with a few notable exceptions à part quelques exceptions notables ; to be notable for être remarquable pour [clarity, appearance, quality] ; être notoire pour [incompetence, failure] ; it is notable that il est remarquable or notable que (+ subj). -
72 линия взгляда
на взгляд — in appearance; by sight
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > линия взгляда
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73 διακρίνω
διακρίνω fut. διακρινῶ; 1 aor. διέκρινα LXX; impf. mid. διεκρινόμην. Pass.: fut. διακριθήσομαι LXX; 1 aor. διεκρίθην (s. κρίνω, διάκρισις; Hom.+).① to differentiate by separating, separate, arrange (Jos., Ant. 11, 56; Ath. 13, 2; 22, 1; Mel. P. 82, 611) of created things πάντα κατὰ τάξιν δ. effect an orderly arrangement for everything Dg 8:7. ἑαυτὸν δ. separate oneself IEph 5:3 (but the ominous tone of the context favors 3b below).② to conclude that there is a difference, make a distinction, differentiate (PGM 5, 103f σὺ διέκρινας τὸ δίκαιον καὶ τὸ ἄδικον; 4 Macc 1:14; Jos., Bell. 1, 27; Just., D. 20, 3; Ath. 15, 1) μεταξὺ ἡμῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν betw. us and them Ac 15:9. τίς σε διακρίνει; who concedes you any superiority? 1 Cor 4:7 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 54 §228 δ. τινά=concede superiority to someone, beside ἐπιλέγεσθαί τινα=select someone; cp. Philo, Op. M. 137 διακρίνας ἐξ ἁπάσης τὸ βέλτιστον). μηθὲν διακρίνων τίνι δῷ without distinguishing to whom he should give Hm 2:6; cp. Ac 11:12.—Pass. διακρίνεσθαί τινος be differentiated fr. someone Dg 5:1.③ to evaluate by paying careful attention to, evaluate, judgeⓐ judge correctly (Job 12:11; 23:10) the appearance of the sky Mt 16:3; evaluate oneself 1 Cor 11:31; recognize τὸ σῶμα vs. 29.ⓑ pass judgment on w. acc. ἑαυτόν on oneself IEph 5:3 (mng. 1 is also prob.); προφήτην D 11:7; abs. 1 Cor 14:29.④ to render a legal decision, judge, decide, legal t.t. (X., Hell. 5, 2, 10; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 76 §324 δίκαι διεκρίνοντο; SIG 545, 18; OGI 43, 4 and11; pap; EpArist 110; Just. A II, 7, 2) ἀνὰ μέσον τινός decide betw. pers. (as Ezk 34:17, 20) 1 Cor 6:5; s. EvDobschütz, StKr 91, 1918, 410–21 and ἀνά 1b, μέσος 1b.⑤ to be at variance w. someone, mid., w. pass. aor. (B-D-F. §78)ⓑ by maintaining a firm opposing position or adverse judgment take issue πρός τινα w. someone (Hdt. 9, 58, 2; Ezk 20:35f; Jo 4:2) Ac 11:2 (= criticize).⑥ to be uncertain, be at odds w. oneself, doubt, waver (this mng. appears first in NT; with no dependence on the NT, e.g., Cyril of Scyth. p. 52, 17; 80, 10; 174, 7) Mt 21:21; Mk 11:23; Ro 14:23; Jd 22. ἐν ἑαυτῷ in one’s own mind Lk 11:38 D; Js 2:4; GJs 11:2. W. εἰς Ro 4:20 μηδὲν διακρινόμενος without any doubting Js 1:6; hesitate Ac 10:20.—DELG s.v. κρίνω. M-M. TW. -
74 παρά
παρά (Hom.+. On elision s. B-D-F §17; Rob. 208) prep. w. three cases (Kühner-G. §440; Schwyzer II 491–98; B-D-F §236–38; Rob. 612–16. Further lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg.; also HRau, De praepositionis παρά usu: GCurtius, Studien etc. III 1870).A. W. gen., which nearly always as in Hom., Hdt., Pla., X. et al. denotes a pers., and indicates that someth. proceeds fr. this pers. (Hs 2:3 is an exception):① marker of extension from the side of, from (the side of) w. local sense preserved, used w. verbs of coming, going, sending, originating, going out, etc. (TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 30 [Stone p. 4] παρὰ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως ἀπεστάλην; Lucian, Demon. 13 ἀπιὼν παρʼ αὐτοῦ) ἐκπορεύεσθαι J 15:26b. ἐξέρχεσθαι 16:27; 17:8; Lk 2:1; 6:19. ἔρχεσθαι 8:49. παραγίνεσθαι Mk 14:43. πέμπειν τινὰ παρά τινος J 15:26a. πνεύματος ἁγίου … παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτήν (=Μαρίαν) AcPlCor 2:5. εἶναι παρά τινος be from someone (cp. Job 21:2, 9) J 6:46; 7:29; 9:16, 33; 17:7.② marker of one who originates or directs, from (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 100 §420 παρὰ τ. θεῶν; TestJob 38:8 παρὰ θεοῦ) παρὰ κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη this was the Lord’s doing Mt 21:42; Mk 12:11 (both Ps 117:23). W. a double negative: οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τ. θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα (s. ἀδυνατέω) Lk 1:37. τὰ λελαλημένα αὐτῇ παρὰ κυρίου what was said to her (by the angel) at the Lord’s command vs. 45. ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ John the Baptist was not, like Jesus, sent out fr. the very presence of God, but one whose coming was brought about by God J 1:6 (cp. 2 Macc 11:17). παρʼ ἑαυτῆς φέρει καρπὸν καὶ παρὰ τῆς πτελέας it (i.e. the vine) bears fruit which comes both from itself and from the elm Hs 2:3. On 2 Pt 2:11 s. κρίσις 1bβ.③ marker of the point fr. which an action originates, fromⓐ after verbsα. of asking, demanding αἰτεῖν and αἰτεῖσθαι (cp. X., An. 1, 3, 16, Hell. 3, 1, 4; SIG 785, 9f; PFay 121, 12ff; Tob 4:19 BA al.; LXX; TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 2 [Stone p. 22]; TestJob 20:2; ParJer 7:14; Jos., Ant. 15, 92) Mt 20:20 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); J 4:9; Ac 3:2; 9:2; Js 1:5; 1J 5:15 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); 1 Cl 36:4 (Ps 2:8); Hm 9:2, 4; Dg 1. ζητεῖν (Tob 4:18; Sir 7:4; cp. 1 Macc 7:13) Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; 12:48.β. of taking, accepting, receiving λαμβάνειν (class.; Appian, Mithrid. 88 §397; SIG 546 B, 23 [III B.C.]; Jdth 12:15; Sus 55 Theod.; 1 Macc 8:8; 11:34; 4 Macc 12:11; TestJob 11:5; JosAs 24:11; Just., A I, 39, 5 al.) Mk 12:2; Lk 6:34; J 5:34, 41, 44; 10:18; Ac 2:33; 3:5; 17:9; 20:24; 26:10 (Jos., Ant. 14, 167 λαβὼν ἐξουσίαν παρά σου [= τ. ἀρχιερέως]; 11, 169); Js 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; 2J 4; Rv 2:28; Hs 1:8; 8, 3, 5; GJs 20, 2 codices. ἀπολαμβάνειν (SIG 150, 19f [restored text; IV B.C.]; 4 Macc 18:23) Hv 5:7. παραλαμβάνειν (Hdt. et al.; oft. ins; POxy 504, 14 al. in pap) Gal 1:12; 1 Th 2:13; 4:1; 2 Th 3:6. δέχεσθαι (Thu. 1, 20, 1 et al.; 1 Macc 15:20; TestJob 11:12; cp. διαδέχεσθαι Ath. 37, 1) Ac 22:5; Phil 4:18a. κομίζεσθαι (SIG 244 I, 5ff [IV B.C.]; Gen 38:20; 2 Macc 7:11; Ath. 12, 1) Eph 6:8. εὑρεῖν (SIG 537, 69; 1099, 28; cp. εὑρίσκω 3, end) 2 Ti 1:18. ἔχειν τι παρά τινος have received someth. fr. someone (1 Esdr 6:5) Ac 9:14; cp. Hv 3, 9, 8. γίνεταί μοί τι παρά τινος I receive someth. from someone (Att.) Mt 18:19. ἔσται μεθʼ ἡμῶν χάρις … παρὰ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ παρὰ Ἰησοῦ 2J 3 (cp. X., An. 7, 2, 25). οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον those who were entrusted by God with a task 1 Cl 43:1 (cp. Polyb. 3, 69, 1; SIG 1207, 12f). παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου πλουτίζεσθαι receive one’s wealth fr. the Lord Hs 2:10.—Sim. in the case of a purchase the seller is introduced by παρά: buy fr. someone ἀγοράζειν (s. ἀγοράζω 1, end) Rv 3:18. ὠνεῖσθαι Ac 7:16. ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τινος receive support from someone 2 Th 3:8.γ. of learning, coming to know, hearing, asking ἀκούειν (s. ἀκούω 1bβ and 3) J 1:40; 6:45; 7:51; 8:26, 40; 15:15; Ac 10:22; 28:22; 2 Ti 1:13; 2:2; AcPlCor 1:6; ἀκριβοῦν Mt 2:7, 16. ἐξακριβάζεσθαι Hm 4, 2, 3. ἐπιγινώσκειν Ac 24:8. μανθάνειν (since Aeschyl., Ag. 858; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 176; Sir 8:8f; 2 Macc 7:2 v.l.; 3 Macc 1:1; Just., A I, 23, 1 and D. 78, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 2; 22, 8) 2 Ti 3:14. πυνθάνεσθαι (Hdt. 3, 68; X., Cyr. 1, 6, 23; Pla., Rep. 5, 476e; SIG 1169, 30; 2 Ch 32:31) Mt 2:4; J 4:52 (without παρά v.l.); B 13:2 (Gen 25:22).ⓑ w. adjectival function ὁ, ἡ, τὸ παρά τινος made, given, etc., by someoneα. w. a noun (funct. as a gen.: Pla., Symp. 197e ὁ παρά τινος λόγος ‘the expression made by someone’; X., Hell. 3, 1, 6 δῶρον παρὰ βασιλέως, Mem. 2, 2, 12 ἡ παρά τινος εὔνοια, Cyr. 5, 5, 13 τὸ παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα ‘the crime committed by me’; Polyb. 3, 69, 3 ἡ παρʼ αὐτοῦ σωτηρία; Polyaenus 3, 9, 28 ἡ παρὰ στρατηγοῦ ἀρετή; SIG 543, 27; Ex 4:20; 14:13; Philo, Plant. 14; Jos., Ant. 12, 400; Just., A I, 32, 8 and D. 92, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 1) ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21).—Ac 26:12 v.l.; 22 v.l.β. w. subst. functionא. τὰ παρά τινος what someone gives, someone’s gifts (X., Mem. 3, 11, 13; Jos., Bell. 2, 124, Ant. 8, 175; Tat. 32, 1 τὰ παρὰ θεοῦ) Lk 10:7; Phil 4:18b. τὰ παρʼ αὐτῆς her property, what she had Mk 5:26 (cp. IPriene 111, 177). τὰ παρὰ ζώσης καὶ μενούσης (the help that I received) from a living, contemporary voice Papias (2:4).ב. οἱ παρά τινος someone’s envoys (οἱ παρὰ βασιλέω πρέσβει X., Hell. 1, 3, 9; oft. in ins.: see, e.g., OGI 5, 50 from Ptolemy; the full expression οἱ παρʼ ὑμῶν πρεσβείς OGI 8 VI, 108–9; Schwyzer II 498; B-D-F §237, 2) οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως (1 Macc 2:15; 1 Esdr 1:15) 1 Cl 12:4.—The Koine also uses this expr. to denote others who are intimately connected w. someone, e.g. family, relatives (PGrenf II, 36, 9 [II B.C.]; POxy 805 [I B.C.]; 298, 37 [I A.D.]; CPR I, 179, 16; 187, 7; Sb 5238, 19 [I A.D.]; Sus 33; 1 Macc 13:52; Jos., Ant. 1, 193. Further exx. fr. pap in Mlt. 106f; Rossberg [s. ἀνά, beg.] 52) Mk 3:21 (s. CBruston/PFarel: RTQR 18, 1909, 82–93; AWabnitz, ibid. 221–25; SMonteil, ibid. 19, 1910, 317–25; JMoulton, Mk 3:21: ET 20, 1909, 476; GHartmann, Mk 3:20f: BZ 11, 1913, 248–79; FZorell, Zu Mk 3:20, 21: ZKT 37, 1913, 695–7; JBelser, Zu Mk 3:20f: TQ 98, 1916, 401–18; Rdm.2 141; 227.—S. also at ἐξίστημι 2a).B. w. dat., the case that exhibits close association① marker of nearness in space, at/by (the side of), beside, near, with, acc. to the standpoint fr. which the relationship is viewedⓐ near, besideα. w. things (Synes., Ep. 126 p. 262a; Kaibel 703, 1; POxy 120, 23; 2 Km 10:8; 11:9; Jos., Ant. 1, 196) εἱστήκεισαν παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ J 19:25. κεῖσθαι παρὰ τῷ πύργῳ Hv 3, 5, 5.ⓑ in (someone’s) house, city, company, etc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 al. παρὰ Λάβαν)α. house: ἀριστᾶν Lk 11:37. καταλύειν 19:7 (Pla., Gorg. 447b; Demosth. 18, 82). μένειν (JosAs 20:8; Jos., Ant. 1, 298; 299) J 1:39; Ac 9:43; 18:3; 21:8. ξενίζεσθαι 10:6; 21:16 (ξενίζω 1). So prob. also ἕκαστος παρʼ ἑαυτῷ each one at home 1 Cor 16:2 (cp. Philo, Cher. 48 παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς, Leg. ad Gai. 271). ὸ̔ν ἀπέλιπον ἐν Τρῳάδι παρὰ Κάρπῳ 2 Ti 4:13.β. city: Rv 2:13. So prob. also ἦσαν παρʼ ἡμῖν ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοί Mt 22:25.—J 4:40; Col 4:16 (where the congregation at Laodicea is contrasted w. the one at Col.).γ. other uses: παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις among Judeans Mt 28:15. παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπιμεῖναι remain with them Ac 28:14; cp. 21:7. οἱ παρʼ ὑμῖν πρεσβύτεροι the elders among you 1 Cl 1:3.—παρὰ τῷ πατρί with (of spatial proximity) the Father Mt 6:1; J 8:38a; cp. 17:5 (Synes., Kingship 29 p. 31d: philosophy has her abode παρὰ τῷ θεῷ and if the world refuses to receive her when she descends to earth, μένει παρὰ τῷ πατρί). Of Jesus: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένων while I was with you (on earth) J 14:25. Of the Spirit: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένει vs. 17. Of the Father and Son in their relation to the faithful Christian: μονὴν παρʼ αὐτῷ ποιησόμεθα we will take up our abode with him vs. 23.δ. fig. παρά τινι before someone’s judgment seat (Demosth. 18, 13 εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι παρά τινι; Appian, Maced. 11 §8 παρʼ ὑμῖν ἐς κρίσιν) 2 Pt 2:11 v.l. Closely related is② marker of one whose viewpoint is relevant, in the sight or judgment of someone (Soph., Hdt.; PSI 435, 19 [258 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ) παρὰ τῷ θεῷ: δίκαιος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13 (cp. Job 9:2; Jos., Ant. 6, 205; Ath. 31, 2 εὐδοξοῦμεν … παρὰ τῷ θεῷ).—Cp. 1 Cor 3:19; Gal 3:11; 2 Th 1:6; Js 1:27; 1 Pt 2:4; 2 Pt 3:8. θυσία δεκτὴ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ Hs 5, 3, 8. ἔνδοξος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ m 2:6; Hs 5, 3, 3; 8, 10, 1; 9, 27, 3; 9, 28, 3; 9, 29, 3.—9, 7, 6.—Acc. to the judgment of humans (Jos., Ant. 7, 84; Just., A I, 20, 3) 8, 9, 1. τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; Ac 26:8. ἵνα μὴ ἦτε παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι Ro 11:25; cp. 12:16 (s. Pr 3:7 μὴ ἴσθι φρόνιμος παρὰ σεαυτῷ).—‘In the judgment’ passes over into a simpler with (PsSol 9:5 παρὰ κυρίῳ; Jos. Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 10 παρὰ θεοῖς=with the gods) εὑρεῖν χάριν παρά τινι find favor with someone (Ex 33:16; cp. Num 11:15) Lk 1:30; Hs 5, 2, 10. τοῦτο χάρις παρὰ θεῷ 1 Pt 2:20. χάριν ἔχειν (Ex 33:12) m 5, 1, 5. προέκοπτεν ἐν τῇ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:52. τί ταπεινοφροσύνη παρὰ θεῷ ἰσχύει, τί ἀγάπη ἁγνὴ παρά θεῷ δύναται how strong humility is before God, what pure love before God can do 1 Cl 21:8.③ marker of personal reference, at the side of, with almost equivalent to the dat. as such (Ps 75:13): δυνατόν or ἀδύνατον παρά τινι possible or impossible for someone (Gen 18:14; Just., A I, 33, 2; Ath., R. 9 p. 58, 6) Mt 19:26ab; Mk 10:27abc; Lk 1:37 v.l.; 18:27ab; 1 Cl 27:2.—AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 14, ’35, 44–46. Closely related in mng. is④ marker of connection of a quality or characteristic w. a pers., with (οὐκ) ἔστιν τι παρά τινι someth. is (not) with or in someone, someone has someth. (nothing) to do w. someth. (Demosth. 18, 277 εἰ ἔστι καὶ παρʼ ἐμοί τις ἐμπειρία; Gen 24:25; Job 12:13; Ps 129:4 παρὰ σοι ὁ ἱλασμός ἐστιν; Just., D. 82, 1 παρὰ … ἡμῖν … χαρίσματα) οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολημψία παρὰ τ. θεῷ Ro 2:11 (TestJob 43, 13). Cp. 9:14; Eph 6:9; Js 1:17. Sim. Mt 8:10; 2 Cor 1:17.⑤ marker of a relationship w. a narrow focus, among, before παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς among themselves (Philo, Cher. 48) διαλογίζεσθαι Mt 21:25 v.l. (cp. Demosth. 10, 17 γιγνώσκειν παρʼ αὑτῷ; Epict., Ench. 48, 2).—In ἐν τούτῳ μενέτω παρὰ θεῷ 1 Cor 7:24, the mng. of παρὰ θεῷ is not certain: let the pers. remain in that position (the same one in which he was when called to salvation) before God; it is prob. meant to remind Christians of the One before whom they cannot even have the appearance of inferiority (ins: Mitt-Wilck, I/2, 4, 4 [13 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Ἑρμῇ=‘before, in the sight of’; Sb 7616 [II A.D.] τὸ προσκύνημά σου ποιῶ παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Σαράπι=‘before the Lord’ S.; 7661, 3 [c. 100 A.D.]; 7932, 7992, 6 [letter II/III A.D.]). Or perh. it simply means that no matter what the situation may be, one is to be focused on God.C. w. acc. of pers. or thing① marker of a position viewed as extended (w. no difference whether παρά answers the question ‘where?’ or ‘whither?’ See B-D-F §236, 1; Rob. 615).ⓐ by, along περιπατεῖν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν (Pla., Gorg. 511e. Cp. SIG 1182; Jos., Ant. 2, 81) Mt 4:18; cp. Mk 1:16.α. παρὰ (τὴν) θάλασσαν by the sea (or lake) , at the shore Mt 13:1; Mk 4:1; 5:21; Ac 10:6, 32; cp. Lk 5:1, 2. παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν by the side of the road (X., An. 1, 2, 13; Plut., Lysander 450 [29, 4] a tomb παρὰ τ. ὁδόν=beside the road) Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (but on the road is also poss. in these three places; s. d below).β. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν to (the side of) the sea (lake) Mt 15:29; Mk 2:13. παρὰ ποταμόν to the river Ac 16:13.ⓒ gener. near, at παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τινός at someone’s feet (sit, fall, place etc.; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 16 [Stone p. 44]) Mt 15:30; Lk 7:38; 8:35, 41; 10:39 v.l.; 17:16; Ac 4:35, 37 v.l.; 5:2; 7:58; 22:3 (s. ET 30, 1919, 39f). παρὰ τὸν πὺργον beside the tower Hs 9, 4, 8; 9, 6, 5; 8; 9, 7, 1; 9, 11, 6.—παρὰ τὴν ἰτέαν 8, 1, 2 (cp. TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 10 [Stone p. 14] παρὰ τὴν δρῦν τὴν Μαμβρῆ).ⓓ on παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν on the road (w. motion implied; Aesop, Fab. 226 P.=420 H.: πεσὼν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν; Phot., Bibl. 94 p. 74b on Iambl. Erot. [Hercher I p. 222, 22] πίπτουσι παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν) Mt 13:4, 19; Mk 4:4; Lk 8:5; on the road (w. no motion implied; Theophr., HP 6, 6, 10: the crocus likes to be trodden under foot, διὸ καὶ παρὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς κάλλιστος; Phot. p. 222, 29 H. [s. above]) Mk 4:15; Lk 8:12. Perh. also Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (s. bα above).—παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης on the seashore Hb 11:12 (TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 1 [Stone p. 4]; ApcEsdr 3:10; ApcSed 8:9).② marker of extension in time, during, from … to (Lucian, Catapl. 24 παρὰ τ. βίον=during his life; POxy 472, 10; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 26 [Stone p. 52] παρὰ μίαν ὥραν; Tat. 14, 2 παρʼ ὸ̔ν ἔζων χρόνον) παρʼ ἐνιαυτόν from year to year (Plut., Cleom. 15, 1; cp. ἐνιαυτός 1) B 10:7.③ marker of comparative advantage, in comparison to, more than, beyond ἁμαρτωλοί, ὀφειλέται π. πάντας Lk 13:2, 4 (PSI 317, 6 [95 A.D.] παρὰ πάντας; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 234 παρὰ τ. ἄλλους ἅπαντας; JosAs 10:6 παρὰ πάσας τὰς παρθένους; Just., A I, 20, 3 παρὰ πάντας ἀδίκως μισούμεθα). κρίνειν ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν (s. κρίνω 1) Ro 14:5. π. πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν B 11:9 (prophetic quot. of unknown orig.). π. πάντα τὰ πνεύματα more than all other spirits Hm 10, 1, 2. ἐλαττοῦν τινα π. τινα make someone inferior to someone Hb 2:7, 9 (s. ἐλαττόω 1 and cp. PGrenf I, 42, 12 [II B.C.] ἐλαττουμένων ἡμῶν παρὰ τοὺς δεῖνα). εἶδος ἐκλεῖπον π. τὸ εἶδος τῶν ἀνθρώπων (s. ἐκλείπω 4) 1 Cl 16:3.—After a comp. (Thu. 1, 23, 3; ApcEsdr 1:22; Tat. 2, 2) Lk 3:13; Hb 1:4; 3:3; 9:23; 11:4; 12:24; B 4:5 (cp. Da 7:7); Hv 3, 12, 1; Hs 9, 18, 2.—When a comparison is made, one member of it may receive so little attention as to pass fr. consideration entirely, so that ‘more than’ becomes instead of, rather than, to the exclusion of (Plut., Mor. 984c; PsSol 9:9; EpArist 134; Just., A I, 22, 2) λατρεύειν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα serve the creation rather than the Creator Ro 1:25 (cp. EpArist 139: the Jews worship τὸν μόνον θεὸν παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν). δεδικαιωμένος παρʼ ἐκεῖνον justified rather than the other Lk 18:14. ἔχρισέν σε … παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους (God) has anointed you and not your comrades Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8). ὑπερφρονεῖν παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ φρονεῖν Ro 12:3 (Plut., Mor. 83f παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ). παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας Hb 11:11 (Plut., Rom. 25, 6 παρʼ ἡλικίαν; cp. ἡλικία 2a).—παρὰ δύναμιν beyond their means (s. δύναμις 2) 2 Cor 8:3.—After ἄλλος (Pla., Lach. 178b, Leg. 3, 693b; X., Hell. 1, 5, 5; Demosth. 18, 235) another than 1 Cor 3:11.④ marker of degree that falls slightly short in comparison, except for, almost παρὰ μικρόν except for a little, almost (s. μικρός 1eγ) Hs 8, 1, 14. Likew. παρά τι (cp. Vett. Val. 228, 6) Lk 5:7 D; Hs 9, 19, 3.⑤ marker of causality, because of (cp. Pind., O. 2, 65 κενεὰν παρὰ δίαιταν ‘in the interest of’ or ‘for the sake of a scanty livelihood’, the scantiness here contrasting with the immense labor involved; Demosth. 4, 11; 9, 2; PRyl 243, 6; POxy 1420, 7) παρὰ τό w. acc. foll. because (SIG 495, 130; UPZ 7, 13 [163 B.C.] παρὰ τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι.—Mayser II/1, 1926, 331; Gen 29:20; Ex 14:11) 1 Cl 39:5f (Job 4:20f). π. τοῦτο because of this (Kühner-G. I 513, 3; Synes., Ep. 44 p. 185a; 57 p. 192d) ITr 5:2; IRo 5:1 (quot. fr. 1 Cor 4:4, where Paul has ἐν τούτῳ). οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο οὐ (double neg. as a strengthened affirmative) not for that reason any the less 1 Cor 12:15f.⑥ marker of that which does not correspond to what is expected, against, contrary to (Hom., Alc. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Just., Tat., Ath.—Schwyzer II 497) π. τὴν διδαχήν Ro 16:17. παρʼ ἐλπίδα against hope (s. ἐλπίς 1a) in wordplay w. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι 4:18. παρὰ φύσιν (Thu. 6, 17, 1; Pla., Rep. 5, 466d; Tat. 22, 2; Ath. 26, 2, R. 6 p. 54, 13) 1:26; 11:24. παρὰ τὸν νόμον (Just., A II, 2, 4; Ath. 1, 3; cp. X., Mem. 1, 1, 18 παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; PMagd 16, 5 [222 B.C.] παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 233; Just., A I, 68, 10) Ac 18:13. παρʼ ὅ contrary to that which Gal 1:8f (Just., A I, 43, 8).⑦ marker of something that is less, less (Hdt. 9, 33; Plut., Caesar 722 [30, 5]; Jos., Ant. 4, 176; POxy 264, 4 [I A.D.]) τεσσεράκοντα παρὰ μίαν forty less one=thirty-nine (i.e. lashes) 2 Cor 11:24 (cp. Makkoth 3, 10 [tr. HDanby, The Mishnah ’33, 407]).—On παρʼ αὐτά ITr 11:1 s. παραυτά.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
75 πύθων
πύθων, ωνος, ὁ (fr. Πυθώ, the region in which the city of Delphi lay) orig. ‘the Python’, acc. to Strabo 9, 3, 12 the serpent or dragon that guarded the Delphic oracle; it lived at the foot of Mt. Parnassus, and was slain by Apollo. Later the word came to designate a spirit of divination, then also of ventriloquists, who were believed to have such a spirit dwelling in their belly (Plut., Mor. 414e τοὺς ἐγγαστριμύθους νῦν πύθωνας προσαγορευομένους. Sim., Erotiani Vocum Hippocr. Coll. Fgm. 21 p. 105, 20 Nachmanson; Hesychius and Suda on ἐγγαστρίμυθος, also L-S-J-M on the same word.—Suda on Πύθωνος: δαιμονίου μαντικοῦ. τάς τε πνεύματι Πύθωνος ἐνθουσιώσας καὶ φαντασίαν κυήσεως παρεχομένας τῇ τοῦ δαιμονίου περιφορᾷ ἠξίου τὸ ἐσόμενον προαγορεῦσαι=of Python: of a soothsaying divinity. It deemed such women worthy of foretelling the future who were in ecstasy with the Python’s spirit and exhibited at the whirling of the divinity an appearance of conception; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 9, 16 καὶ πύθωνες μαντεύονται, ἀλλʼ ὑφʼ ἡμῶν ὡς δαίμονες ὁρκιζόμενοι φυγαδεύονται; Syntipas p. 62, 6; 15; 63, 4 πύθωνος πνεῦμα. So as loanw. in rabb.—On the difference betw. ancient and modern ideas of ventriloquism, s. A-JFestugière, RB 54, ’47, 133 and s. OED s.v. ventriloquist) πνεῦμα πύθωνα a spirit of divination or prophecy (in apposition like ἄνθρωπος βασιλεύς) Ac 16:16 (v.l. πνεῦμα πύθωνος=‘the spirit of a ventriloquist.’—Philochoros [300 B.C.]: 326 Fgm. 78 Jac. refers to women w. this ability).—WEbstein, D. Medizin im NT u. im Talmud 1903; JTambornino, De Antiquorum Daemonismo 1909; FDölger, Der Exorzismus im altchristl. Taufritual 1909; AWikenhauser, Die AG 1921, 401ff; TOesterreich, D. Besessenheit 1921, esp. 319–30; RMacMullen, Enemies of the Roman Order ’75, 128–51.—Pauly-W. XXIV 609f; Kl. Pauly IV 1280; Haenchen, ad loc. DELG s.v. Πυθώ. 1263–66. M-M. TW. -
76 Cognitive Science
The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense.... [P]eople and intelligent computers turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)2) Experimental Psychology, Theoretical Linguistics, and Computational Simulation of Cognitive Processes Are All Components of Cognitive ScienceI went away from the Symposium with a strong conviction, more intuitive than rational, that human experimental psychology, theoretical linguistics, and computer simulation of cognitive processes were all pieces of a larger whole, and that the future would see progressive elaboration and coordination of their shared concerns.... I have been working toward a cognitive science for about twenty years beginning before I knew what to call it. (G. A. Miller, 1979, p. 9)Cognitive Science studies the nature of cognition in human beings, other animals, and inanimate machines (if such a thing is possible). While computers are helpful within cognitive science, they are not essential to its being. A science of cognition could still be pursued even without these machines.Computer Science studies various kinds of problems and the use of computers to solve them, without concern for the means by which we humans might otherwise resolve them. There could be no computer science if there were no machines of this kind, because they are indispensable to its being. Artificial Intelligence is a special branch of computer science that investigates the extent to which the mental powers of human beings can be captured by means of machines.There could be cognitive science without artificial intelligence but there could be no artificial intelligence without cognitive science. One final caveat: In the case of an emerging new discipline such as cognitive science there is an almost irresistible temptation to identify the discipline itself (as a field of inquiry) with one of the theories that inspired it (such as the computational conception...). This, however, is a mistake. The field of inquiry (or "domain") stands to specific theories as questions stand to possible answers. The computational conception should properly be viewed as a research program in cognitive science, where "research programs" are answers that continue to attract followers. (Fetzer, 1996, pp. xvi-xvii)What is the nature of knowledge and how is this knowledge used? These questions lie at the core of both psychology and artificial intelligence.The psychologist who studies "knowledge systems" wants to know how concepts are structured in the human mind, how such concepts develop, and how they are used in understanding and behavior. The artificial intelligence researcher wants to know how to program a computer so that it can understand and interact with the outside world. The two orientations intersect when the psychologist and the computer scientist agree that the best way to approach the problem of building an intelligent machine is to emulate the human conceptual mechanisms that deal with language.... The name "cognitive science" has been used to refer to this convergence of interests in psychology and artificial intelligence....This working partnership in "cognitive science" does not mean that psychologists and computer scientists are developing a single comprehensive theory in which people are no different from machines. Psychology and artificial intelligence have many points of difference in methods and goals.... We simply want to work on an important area of overlapping interest, namely a theory of knowledge systems. As it turns out, this overlap is substantial. For both people and machines, each in their own way, there is a serious problem in common of making sense out of what they hear, see, or are told about the world. The conceptual apparatus necessary to perform even a partial feat of understanding is formidable and fascinating. (Schank & Abelson, 1977, pp. 1-2)Within the last dozen years a general change in scientific outlook has occurred, consonant with the point of view represented here. One can date the change roughly from 1956: in psychology, by the appearance of Bruner, Goodnow, and Austin's Study of Thinking and George Miller's "The Magical Number Seven"; in linguistics, by Noam Chomsky's "Three Models of Language"; and in computer science, by our own paper on the Logic Theory Machine. (Newell & Simon, 1972, p. 4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Cognitive Science
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77 -ok’owbem -ib
n.difference (appearance; nature) -
78 חקירה
חֲקִירָהf. (חָקַר) search, speculation, study. Y.Keth.VII, 31c bot., a. e. נדר … חֲקִירַת חכם a vow which requires the study of a scholar (to find out means of absolving).Esp. examination of witnesses, cross-examination. R. Hash. 25b חקירת העדים the hearing of witnesses (testifying to having seen the first appearance of the new crescent). Snh.IV, 1 בדרישה וח׳ require investigation and examination of witnesses; a. fr.Pl. חֲקִירוֹת cross-examination referring to date, time and place, contrad. to בדיקות referring to accompanying circumstances, Ib. V, 1 היו … בשבע ח׳ (in capital cases) they examined by means of seven questions, what year-week, what year, month, day, hour and place. Ib. 2 מה בין ח׳ לבדיקות what is the difference in point of law between ? Ib. 40b שמונה ח׳ eight questions; a. fr. -
79 חֲקִירָה
חֲקִירָהf. (חָקַר) search, speculation, study. Y.Keth.VII, 31c bot., a. e. נדר … חֲקִירַת חכם a vow which requires the study of a scholar (to find out means of absolving).Esp. examination of witnesses, cross-examination. R. Hash. 25b חקירת העדים the hearing of witnesses (testifying to having seen the first appearance of the new crescent). Snh.IV, 1 בדרישה וח׳ require investigation and examination of witnesses; a. fr.Pl. חֲקִירוֹת cross-examination referring to date, time and place, contrad. to בדיקות referring to accompanying circumstances, Ib. V, 1 היו … בשבע ח׳ (in capital cases) they examined by means of seven questions, what year-week, what year, month, day, hour and place. Ib. 2 מה בין ח׳ לבדיקות what is the difference in point of law between ? Ib. 40b שמונה ח׳ eight questions; a. fr. -
80 לוגמא
לוּגְמָאc., pl. לוּגְמִין ( לגם, v. לְגִימָה) puffed up cheek ( filled with a quaff); מלא ל׳ a mouthful, quantity of liquid filling one cheek. Pes.107a מלא לוגמא (Ms. M. לוּגְמָיו). Yoma VIII, 2; Tosef. ib. V (IV), 3 השותה מלא לוּגְמָיווכ׳ he who drinks (on the Day of Atonement) a quantity equal to the fill of his cheeks; expl. Bab. ib. 80a and corrected אימא כמלא ל׳ say as much as would cause the appearance of puffed cheeks. Y. ib. VII, 44d bot. (read:) תני כמלא ל׳ ומהו פליג … ניתן ללוגמא אחת there is a version (for מלא לוגמיו): כמלא לוגמיו, and what is the difference? ( כמלא לוגמיו means) a mouthful which can be kept in one cheek. Ib. לוּגְמוֹ של בןוכ׳ the mouthful of Ben Abatiaḥ which is more than a quarter of a Log; a. e.
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