devour

vŏro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [Sanscr. root gar-, to swallow; Gr. root bor- in bibrôskô, to devour; cf. also gramen], to swallow whole, swallow up, eat greedily, devour (cf. absorbeo).

Lit.:

animalium alia vorant, alia mandunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122; Plin. 10, 71, 91, § 196:

vitulum (balaena),

Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 61:

edim atque ambabus malis expletis vorem,

id. Trin. 2, 4, 73:

mella avide (apes),

Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 67:

Lucrina (ostrea),

Mart. 6, 11, 5: resinam ex melle Aegyptiam vorato, salvum feceris, swallow or gulp down, take, as medicine, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 31;

so of medicine,

Mart. 1, 88, 2; Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 24.—Prov.:

meus hic est: hamum vorat,

swallows, takes, Plaut. Curc. 3, 61; id. Truc. 1, 1, 21; cf.: hamum voras, Ambros. Tob. n. 7.—

Transf.

Of things, to devour, swallow up, overwhelm, destroy, etc.:

vorat haec (Charybdis) raptas revomitque carinas,

Ov. M. 13, 731:

navem (rapidus vortex),

Verg. A. 1, 117; cf. poet.:

agmina (vortex pugnae),

Sil. 4, 230:

corpus (ulcus),

Cels. 5, 28, 3: viam, to finish or perform quickly, Cat. 35, 7:

Thracia quinque vadis Istrum vorat Amphitrite,

takes in, swallows up, Claud. B. Get. 337.—

Of property, to use up, consume, squander:

idem in reliquis generis ejus (murrhinorum vasorum) quantum voraverit, licet existimare,

Plin. 37, 2, 7, § 19.—

Trop., to devour, i. e. to acquire with eagerness, pursue passionately (rare but class.):

litteras,

Cic. Att. 4, 11, 2. —In mal. part., Cat. 80, 6; Mart. 2, 51, 6; 7, 67, 15.—

To consume, waste:

amor vorat tectas penitus medullas,

Sen. Hippol. 282; 642.

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ab-sorbĕo, bui, rarely psi, ptum (absorbui, Plin. 9, 35, 58:

absorpsi,

Luc. 4, 100; cf. Vel. Long. 2233 P.), 2, v. a., to swallow down any thing, to devour.

Lit.:

unda legiones,

Naev. B. Pun. 4, 16:

oceanus vix videtur tot res tam cito absorbere potuisse,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 67:

placentas,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 24; so id. ib. 2, 3, 240 K. and H. (al. ob sorbere and ex sorbere): unionem, Plin. l. l. (Sill. ob-):

res ad victum,

to devour, Cic. Rep. 2, 5.—

Trop., to engross, absorb: hunc absorbuit aestus gloriae, Cic. Brut. 81; so id. Leg. 2, 4, 9: ipse ad sese jamdudum vocat, et quodam modo absorbet orationem meam, and, as it were, eats up my discourse (i. e. wishes it to treat of him only), id. Sest. 6, 13: ea (meretrix) acerrume aestuosa absorbet, devours (i. e. squanders one's property, the figure taken from the sea), Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 67.

con-sūmo, sumpsi, sumptum, 3 ( perf. sync. consumpsti, Prop. 1, 3, 37; inf. consumpse, Lucr. 1, 234), v. a., to take wholly or completely, i. e.,

Lit.

In gen. (post-Aug. and rare):

vasti surgunt immensis torquibus orbes, tergaque consumunt pelagus,

take up, completely cover, Manil. 5, 584:

tela omnia solus pectore consumo,

Sil. 5, 640; cf.:

clipeo tela,

id. 10, 129:

jugulo ensem,

Stat. Th. 10, 813:

ferrum pectore,

id. ib. 12, 745; cf. id. Achill. 2, 205; Dig. 26, 7, 54.—

In partic., of food, to eat, consume, devour (class.):

agri multa efferunt quae vel statim consumantur vel mandentur condita vetustati,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

frumenta,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43; cf. id. ib. 7, 17;

7, 77: fruges,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27:

vitiatum (aprum),

id. S. 2, 2, 92:

angues,

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

draconem,

Suet. Tib. 72:

mensas accisis dapibus,

Verg. A. 7, 125 al. —

Transf.

In gen., to consume, devour, waste, squander, annihilate, destroy, bring to naught, kill.

Of inanimate things:

faciat quod lubet: Sumat, consumat, perdat,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 56; cf. Sall. C. 12, 2:

patrimonium per luxuriam,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

bona paterna,

Quint. 3, 11, 13; 3, 11, 16:

omnem materiam,

Ov. M. 8, 876: omne id aurum in ludos, Liv. 39, 5, 9; Val. Max. 3, 1, 1 fin.; cf. 2. b infra:

omnes fortunas sociorum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11; cf.:

omnes opes et spes privatas meas,

Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 96, 2 Dietsch:

omnia flammā,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14; cf.:

aedes incendio,

Liv. 25, 7, 6:

domum incendio,

Suet. Calig. 59:

consumpturis viscera mea flammis,

Quint. 6, prooem. §

3: viscera fero morsu,

Ov. M. 4, 113:

anulum usu,

id. P. 4, 10, 5; cf.:

ferrum rubigine,

to eat, consume, Curt. 7, 8, 15.—Of time, to spend, pass:

horas multas saepe suavissimo sermone,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 5:

dicendo tempus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 39, § 96:

diem altercatione,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 1; id. Univ. 1 fin.; id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

annua tempora,

Lucr. 5, 618:

consumitur vigiliis reliqua pars noctis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 31; id. B. C. 2, 23:

magnam partem diei,

id. B. G. 5, 9 fin.:

omne tempus,

Liv. 29, 33, 9; 24, 14, 10:

dies decem in his rebus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11:

in eo studio aetatem,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

tota nox in exinaniendā nave consumitur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 64; Caes. B. C. 2, 23, 1:

multos dies per dubitationem,

Sall. J. 62, 9; cf. Tac. H. 4, 43 fin.:

omne tempus circa Medeam,

id. Or. 3:

continuum biduum epulando potandoque,

Suet. Tib. 42: precando Tempora cum blandis verbis, to waste or lose time and words in supplications, Ov. M. 2, 575:

multis diebus et laboribus consumptis,

Sall. J. 93, 1:

ubi longa meae consumpsti tempora noctis?

Prop. 1, 3, 37.—Of strength, feeling, voice, etc.:

in quo tanta commoveri actio non posset, si esset consumpta superiore motu et exhausta,

Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 103:

adfectus,

Quint. 2, 13, 13; 4, 2, 120:

spiritus,

id. 11, 3, 53:

vocem instans metus,

Tac. H. 1, 42:

ignominiam,

id. ib. 3, 24:

gratiam rei nimiā captatione,

Quint. 8, 6, 51:

vires ipsā subtilitate,

id. 12, 2, 13:

bona ingenii,

id. 12, 5, 2; 3, 11, 23; cf. Sall. J. 25, 11.— Poet.: cum mare, cum terras consumpserit, aëra tentet, i. e.- seek a refuge therein in vain, Ov. H. 6, 161.—

Of living beings.

To destroy, kill:

si me vis aliqua morbi aut natura ipsa consumpsisset,

Cic. Planc. 37, 90; cf.:

quos fortuna belli consumpserat,

Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch:

tantum exercitum fame,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20 fin.; so,

siti,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 41 fin.:

acie,

Vell. 2, 52, 5:

morte,

Tib. 1, 3, 55:

morbo,

Nep. Reg. 2, 1:

senio et maerore,

Liv. 40, 54, 1 al. —Facete:

garrulus hunc consumet,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 33.—

Rarely, to waste, weaken, enervate:

inediā et purgationibus et vi ipsius morbi consumptus es,

Cic. Fam. 16, 10, 1; cf. Ov. M. 9, 663;

and consumpta membra senectā,

id. ib. 14, 148.—

In partic.

To divide, make an exhaustive division of (very rare):

inventio in sex partis consumitur,

Auct. Her. 1, 3, 4.—

Aliquid in aliquā re, rar. in aliquid or absol. (in Cic. only with in and abl.; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 53), to bestow upon something, to use, employ, spend upon or about something.

In aliquā re:

pecuniam in agrorum emptionibus,

to lay out, invest, Cic. Agr. 1, 5, 14:

aurum in monumento,

id. ib. 1, 4, 12; Nep. Timoth. 1, 2:

studium in virorum fortium factis memoriae prodendis,

Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 5; cf.:

in armis plurimum studii,

Nep. Epam. 2, 5:

tantum laboris in rebus falsis,

Quint. 12, 11, 15:

curam in re unā,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 48:

ingenium in musicis,

Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 50; cf. id. Phil. 5, 18, 49; id. Sest. 13, 31; Quint. 1, 2, 11.—

In aliquid (cf. the Gr. analiskein eis ti):

tota in dulces consument ubera natos,

Verg. G. 3, 178; Prop. 4 (5), 6, 55:

umorem in arbusta,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 11, 3:

bona paterna in opera publica,

Quint. 3, 11, 13:

pecuniam in monumentum,

Dig. 35, 1, 40 fin. —

Absol.:

si quid consili Habet, ut consumat nunc, quom nil obsint doli,

use up, exhaust, Ter. And. 1, 1, 133.

dē-vŏro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to swallow, swallow down, gulp down, devour (class.; esp. freq. in transf. signif.—for syn. cf.: edo, comedo, vescor, pascor, mando).

Lit., of the physical act:

id quod devoratur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 135:

ovum gallinaceum integrum,

Cato R. R. 71: laseris paululum, [p. 567] Cels. 4, 4, 4:

salivam suam,

id. 2, 6, 98;

lapides,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

succum,

id. 20, 23, 98, § 260:

fumum,

id. 26, 6, 16, § 30 et saep.—

Transf.

Of inanimate subjects, to swallow up, ingulf, absorb:

devorer telluris hiatu,

Ov. H. 3, 63:

terra devoravit montem,

Plin. 2, 91, 93, § 205:

vel me Charybdis devoret,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 74:

terras devorant aquae,

Plin. 31, 1, 1, § 2:

sol aquas devorans,

id. 20 prooem. §

1: ne rotae devorarentur (viarum mollitudine),

Vitr. 10, 6.—

To seize upon greedily or hastily, to swallow eagerly, to devour: meretricem ego item esse reor, mare ut est;

quod des, devorat,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 16:

spe et opinione praedam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51; cf.:

spe devoratum lucrum,

id. Fl. 24; and:

regis hereditatem spe,

id. Att. 1, 16, 10:

aliquid oculis,

Just. 21, 5, 6; cf.:

spectat oculis devorantibus draucos,

Mart. 1, 97; cf. infra III. B.—

To swallow down, repress, suppress, check: verborum pars devorari solet, to be swallowed, i. e. only half pronounced, Quint. 11, 3, 33; so, verba, Sen. de Ira, 3, 14 fin.; cf.

lacrimas,

i. e. to repress, Ov. F. 4, 845; id. M. 13, 540:

gemitus,

Sen. Ep. 66 med. —

Of property, to consume, to waste, = exhaurire:

omnem pecuniam publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 76; id. Phil. 13, 2, 3; id. Pis. 21.—And with a pers. object: Si. Jamne illum comesurus es? Ba. Dum recens est, Dum datur, dum calet, devorari decet, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 26; id. As. 2, 2, 71; cf.: ut hominem devorari, cujus patrimonium consumitur, Quint. 8, 6, 25.—

Trop., to consume, destroy:

devorent vos arma vestra,

Just. 14, 4, 14; cf.:

aquilarum pinnae reliquarum alitum pinnas devorant,

Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 15:

vox devoratur,

i. e. is swallowed up, lost, id. 11, 51, 112, § 270: devoravi nomen imprudens, swallowed, i. e. I have lost, utterly forgotten, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 63: devorato pudore, Ap. M. 9, p. 225.—

Trop.

To swallow any thing unpleasant, i. e to bear patiently, to endure:

hominum ineptias ac stultitias,

Cic. Brut. 67, 236; so,

molestiam paucorum dierum,

id. Phil. 6, 6, 17:

taedium illud,

Quint. 11, 2, 41: bilem et dolorem, Tert. Res. carn. 54.—

To accept eagerly, enjoy:

quid tibi faciam qui illos libros devorasti,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2:

os impiorum devorat iniquitatem,

Vulg. Prov. 19, 28:

auscultate et mea dicta devorate,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 59; cf.:

orationem dulcem (aures),

id. Poen. 5, 2, 9:

verbum ipsum (voluptatis),

id. Sest. 10, 23.—

ejus oratio, nimia religione attenuata, a multitudine et a foro devorabatur, qs. swallowed but not digested (i. e. heard without being understood), Cic. Brut. 82, 283.

ex-ĕdo, ēdi, ēsum (exessum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 5), 3 (archaic praes. subj. exedint, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 32. Post-class. form of the praes. ind. exedit, for exest, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 10; Seren. Sammon. 7), v. a., to eat up, devour, consume (class.).

Lit.:

intestina,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 32:

frumentum quod curculiones exesse incipiunt,

Varr. R. R. 1, [p. 682] 63, 1; Col. 1, 6, 16:

serpens, qui jecur ejus exesset,

Hyg. Fab. 55.—Proverb.: tute hoc intristi;

tibi omne est exedendum,

as you have cooked, so you must eat, Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 4; cf.:

tibi quod intristi, exedendum est,

Aus. Idyll. Prooem. 5.—

Transf., in gen., to eat up, consume, destroy:

deus id eripiet, vis aliqua conficiet aut exedet,

Cic. Div. 2, 16, 37:

exesa scabra rubigine pila,

Verg. G. 1, 495:

flammeus ardor Silvas exederat,

Lucr. 5, 1253:

molem (undae),

Curt. 4, 2:

apparebat epigramma exesis posterioribus partibus versiculorum, dimidiatis fere,

effaced by time, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:

multa monumenta vetustas exederat,

Curt. 3, 4:

exesae arboris antrum,

rotten, hollow, Verg. G. 4, 44:

dens exesus,

Cels. 7, 12:

exesa vis luminis,

consumed, Tac. H. 4, 81:

urbem nefandis odiis,

to destroy, Verg. A. 5, 785:

rem publicam,

Tac. A. 2, 27:

quid te futurum censes, quem assidue exedent,

i. e. devour, consume thy property, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 53. —

Trop., to consume, prey upon, corrode:

aegritudo exest animum,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 27; cf.:

accedunt aegritudines, molestiae, maerores, qui exedunt animos,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 59; 1, 16, 51:

illi beati, quos nullae aegritudines exedunt, etc.,

id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

maestas exedit cura medullas,

Cat. 66, 23 et saep.:

exspectando exedor miser atque exenteror,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 1, 1.

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