-
121 cabestro
(Sp. model spelled same [kabéstro] < Latin capistrum 'halter')1) DARE: 1805. Originally a halter or tether made of a hair rope. Watts notes that its original meaning was broadened to refer to any hair rope, or even to a reata, which is generally a rope made of rawhide. This last application is not widespread, however, and can be confusing, since cabestro is often used to distinguish a rope made of hair from one made of rawhide or leather. The DRAE defines cabestro as a halter that is tied to the head or neck of a horse to lead or secure it. Islas's definition differs from the DRAE's in that the horsehair cabestro need not be attached to a halter. According to Islas, it is the term most commonly used in Mexico to refer to a twisted horsehair rope used to restrain, lead, or train a horse. Its length is variable—it may be some sixteen feet long and serve as a halter, or about twenty feet long and function as a double-rein, or from twenty-six to thirty-three feet long and serve as a "false rein" (or halter and headstall used when breaking a horse). The thickness of the cabestro or cabresto also varies, depending on the function of the rope. Santamaría concurs with Islas, noting that cabresto is so common in Mexico that cabestro sounds strange to the ear. He cites Salvá as saying that cabresto is an antiquated form that appears in writing in the sixteenth century. (Linguistically, the fact that the /r/ appears to move from one syllable to the next and forms a consonant cluster with /b/ or /t/ is known as metathesis. Such variation is common in popularly transmitted forms and is evidenced in the history of both Spanish and English.) Cobos indicates that in New Mexico and southern Colorado cabresto can refer to a rope in general.Alternate forms: cabarista, cabaros, caberes, caberos, caboras, caboris, cabras, cabrass, cabressa, cabresse, cabresta, cabresto, cabris, cavraces.2) According to Smith, cabestro can also refer to "one who might be led around by the nose." Spanish sources do not reference this term as a noun that can be applied to a person. However, the DRAE references cabestrear and Santamaría references cabrestear as verbs meaning to lead an animal around with a cabestro or cabresto. Santamaría indicates that the verb form can be used figuratively to lead a person "by the nose" or to coerce him or her to do something against his or her will. According to the DRAE, llevar/ traer del cabestro a alguien has the same figurative meaning in Spain. -
122 carga
(Sp. model spelled same [kárga] < cargar < Vulgar Latin * car-ricare 'to carry' < Celto-Latin carrus 'cart or wagon')DARE: 1844.1) A cargo or load to be transported.2) A unit of weight that varied depending on the product or the way in which it was carried. Hoy notes that a carga carried by an Indian was equivalent to two arrobas (approximately fifty pounds), but one carried by a mule (a carga de mulas) was the same as eight arrobas (about three hundred pounds). The DRAE references carga as something that can be transported on one's shoulders, on one's back, by pack animal, or on any vehicle. The DRAE also indicates it can refer to a variable unit of weight for wood, fruit, grains, and other items. Santamaría also references carga as a variable unit of measurement, which may refer to two hectoliters (a measurement roughly equivalent to two-and-a-quarter dry gallons), two boxfuls, or the quantity that can be transported on the back of a pack animal. It is also used as a measurement for dry goods that is roughly equivalent to the weight of four hundred cocoa beans. Islas concurs, adding that another equivalent measure is that of ninety-six cuartillos (equal to two hectoliters). -
123 gringo
(Sp. model spelled same [gringo], of disputed origin)A term used derisively in the Southwest to refer to Anglos, newcomers, and strangers. The DRAE references gringo as a foreigner, generally one who speaks a language other than Spanish, and especially one who speaks English. It is also an adjective for any foreign language. Santamaría notes that in Mexico it refers to a person from the United States and adds that the term has been extended to refer to any fair-skinned person, or even a white animal with blue eyes and light-colored lashes. There have been many theories, some of which do not reflect careful, serious study as to how this term came into Spanish. Some wordsmiths have suggested it derives from 'green coat,' referring to the uniforms of United States soldiers. Another theory holds that the term comes from a song sung by American soldiers that contained the verse "green grow the rashes, O" ("rashes" was sometimes replaced by "rushes" or "lilacs," depending on the version). Hendrickson suggests that the term derives from the name of Major Samuel Ringgold (pronounced with a trilled /r / and apocope of the final consonant cluster; a plausible Mexican Spanish adaptation). Ringgold was a United States officer and strategist who faced the Mexicans during the Mexican War. However, since the term is attested to as early as 1787 with reference to the Irish brigades in Spain (who may have worn green coats and sung the verse cited above), the preceeding explanations cannot be entirely correct. Far more likely than any of these theories is the distinct possibility that the term comes from griego, meaning Greek in Spanish. It is comparable to the English phrase "it's all Greek to me." -
124 manko
Crippled, as an animal with an injured forefoot. The DRAE indicates that it describes a person who has lost an arm or a hand or an animal that has lost a forefoot. It also refers to an animal or person that has lost the use of one of these members. Santamaría glosses it as a four-legged animal that limps because of an impaired forefoot, even if the injury is temporary and the animal has not lost complete use of the member. In the movies, a manco horse was frequently put out of its misery by a shot heard but not seen. In real life, depending on the seriousness of the injury, the horse might be nursed back to health, particularly if the outfit was short on working mounts. -
125 palaver
1) OED: 1735. A discussion or conference, often one in which a great deal is said, but very little is accomplished; inconsequential chatter.2) OED: 1733. As a verb, it means to talk incessantly or to talk flatteringly. Although there are very early attestations for this term in English, Hendrickson indicates that it was commonly used in the Southwest during the heyday of the cowboy. It should be noted that this term may have come from Spanish palabra or Portuguese palavra (both terms mean 'word'), or it may have derived from different sources, depending on the meaning and time frame in which the term was used.
См. также в других словарях:
depending — index aleatory (uncertain), contingent Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
depending on — index conditional Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
depending on — ► depending on according to. Main Entry: ↑depend … English terms dictionary
depending on — adjective determined by conditions or circumstances that follow (Freq. 8) arms sales contingent on the approval of congress • Syn: ↑contingent, ↑contingent on, ↑contingent upon, ↑dependent on, ↑dependant on, ↑ … Useful english dictionary
Depending — Depend De*pend , v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Depended}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Depending}.] [F. d[ e]pendre, fr. L. depend?re; de + pend?re to hang. See {Pendant}.] 1. To hang down; to be sustained by being fastened or attached to something above. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
depending — Relying on; being conditional or contingent on something. Ancient usage seems to have included the meaning of pending, so that a depending action was a pending action. 3 Bl Comm 450. See words and phrases beginning dependent … Ballentine's law dictionary
depending on a future event — index conditional Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
depending upon — index subject (conditional) Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
depending (on) — (Roget s IV) modif. Syn. contingent upon, regulated by, controlled by, determined by, in the event of, on the condition that, subject to, providing, provided, incumbent on, secondary to, springing from, growing from; see also conditional … English dictionary for students
depending — de·pend || dɪ pend v. rely on, trust; be dependent upon, be supported by … English contemporary dictionary
depending on — conditional upon, contingent upon … English contemporary dictionary
