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1 מנגנון-הגנה
defence mechanism -
2 puolustusmekanismi
• defence mechanism -
3 suojautumismekanismi
• defence mechanism -
4 механизм защиты
Большой русско-английский медицинский словарь > механизм защиты
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5 mecanismo de defensa
• defence mechanism• defense mechanism -
6 тест на защитную реакцию
Russian-english psychology dictionary > тест на защитную реакцию
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7 защитный механизм
Защита — общий термин, обозначающий активную борьбу Я против опасности — как правило, угрозы утраты объекта любви, любви со стороны объекта, кастрации и осуждения со стороны Сверх-Я и сопутствующих неприятных аффектов — в ходе развития и на протяжении дальнейшей жизни. Вытесненные желания, идеи или чувства, соединяясь с реальной либо воображаемой угрозой наказания, стремятся прорваться в область сознания. Болезненные чувства тревоги, депрессии, стыда или вины становятся сигнальными аффектами, понуждающими отказаться от желания или влечения. Защита действует бессознательно, и индивид не распознает механизмы, заставляющие его отказаться от опасных влечений и желаний. Действия защитных механизмов способны разрушать и искажать различные аспекты реальности.Впервые термин "защита" был использован Фрейдом в работе "Защитные невропсихозы" (1894), но долгое время понятия "защита" и "вытеснение" применялись им как взаимозаменяемые. Термин "защитный механизм" впервые появляется в классической работе Анны Фрейд "Я и защитные механизмы" (1936), где описано десять форм активности — или методов деятельности Я, — выполняющих защитную функцию.Механизмы защиты действуют по отдельности либо появляются совместно в изменчивых и взаимосвязанных паттернах, используя различные формы поведения, идеи, аффекты, стороны характера, другие функции Я и даже влечения. Такое многообразие средств защиты поставило под сомнение правомерность представлений о специфических защитных механизмах. С точки зрения Бренера (1981), защите может служить любой аспект функционирования Я, а сама защита столь сложна, что обозначение отдельных защитных механизмов является редукционистским и вводит в заблуждение. И все же многие психоаналитики считают полезным использовать представление о защитных механизмах для описания защит против угроз Я. Ниже приводятся краткие описания важнейших механизмов защиты.Вытеснение — скрывает, изгоняет или забывает идею или чувство. Оно может исключить из сознания то, что было однажды сознательно пережито, или вообще не допустить идею или чувство до сознания. Так, субъект может не осознавать ненависти по отношению к родителю или братьям и сестрам. Вытеснение действует на протяжении всей жизни, регулярно возникая в отношении событий критического периода детства — до шести лет (инфантильная амнезия).Смещение сдвигает фокус или акцент в сновидении или поведении, в общем случае отвлекая интерес и силу (катексис) от одной идеи к другой, связанной ассоциативно с первой, но при этом более приемлемой. Так, эксгибиционистские желания могут быть смещены из области гениталий на тело в целом. Какие-либо важные части скрытого содержания могут проявляться в сновидениях в виде малозначимых деталей.Реактивное образование изменяет неприемлемое на приемлемое, тем самым обеспечивая эффективность вытеснения. Болезненная идея или чувство замещается противоположным. К примеру, у ребенка, вытеснившего чувство ненависти к матери, может развиться чрезмерное стремление и забота о ее благополучии.Проекция экстернализирует отрицаемые побуждения и идеи, приписывая их другому лицу или каким-то, быть может, мистическим силам внешнего мира ("бес попутал"). Невыносимые идеи или желания могут преобразовываться еще до проекции: Фрейд, например, считал, что паранойяльные идеи основываются на бессознательной гомосексуальности. Сначала чувство гомосексуальной любви трансформируется в ненависть, и лишь затем ненависть проецируется на лицо, которое было объектом неприемлемой любви. Такое лицо становится "преследователем".Изоляция отделяет невыносимые идеи или события от связанных с ними чувств, тем самым изменяя эмоциональную нагрузку. Существует несколько типов изоляции. Так, изолироваться могут две и более связанных мысли либо чувства: например, мысли "я зол на нее" и "она бросила меня" разделяются во времени и тем самым теряют причинную связь. В другом случае мысли могут появляться без осознанного присутствия ассоциируемых с ними чувств. Внезапные агрессивные мысли — всадить в кого-либо нож, выбросить ребенка из окна, непристойно выругаться в общественном месте — нередко проявляются без соответствующей им эмоции (гнева).Такая изоляция лишает мысли их мотивационной силы и, соответственно, не реализуется намерение; мысли кажутся чуждыми, действие расстраивается, иногда удается избежать чувства вины.Аннулирование в виде ритуала "отменяет" нежеланное действие, иногда посредством его искупления. В частности, при неврозе навязчивости двухступенчатое действие может символизировать агрессивные или сексуальные желания и их отмену или аннулирование. Некоторые индивиды, совершившие проступок, стараются аннулировать их путем религиозного искупления или самонаказания.Описаны и многие другие механизмы защиты. И хотя функция их идентична — защититься от болезненных аффектов, — пути достижения этой цели различны. Регрессия возвращает на более раннюю стадию психической организации; интроекция и идентификация переносят то, что составляет угрозу, внутрь; отрицание делает вид, что угрозы здесь нет; сублимация изменяет неприемлемую форму влечения в приемлемую; обращение против себя меняет направление импульса извне вовнутрь, с другого человека на себя. (Последний механизм особенно часто встречается в случаях депрессии и мазохизма.)Защиты могут быть конструктивными, повышая эффективность мыслей и действий. Их можно назвать адаптивными механизмами или автономными функциями Я. Например, изоляция, диссоциируя мышление и эмоции, облегчает логическое продвижение посредством избегания отвлекающих ассоциаций.см. вытеснение, интернализация, компромиссные образования, конфликт, отрицание, проекция, регрессия, сублимация, функции Я, Я\Лит.: [111, 133, 203, 225, 241, 704, 862]Словарь психоаналитических терминов и понятий > защитный механизм
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8 defensa
f.1 defense.en defensa de in defense ofla defensa del medio ambiente the protection of the environmentdefensa personal self-defense2 defense (sport).3 defence, security, defense, guard.4 protection, succor, refuge.5 defendor, advocate.6 shield, guard, protector.7 defensive movement, ward.8 back, back-line player.f. & m.defender (sport).defensa central central defender, center back* * *1 defence (US defense)1 (colmillos de un animal) tusks\en defensa propia in self-defence (US self-defense)en legítima defensa in self-defence (US self-defense)* * *noun f.* * *1. SF1) (=protección) defence, defense (EEUU)(Ministerio de) Defensa — Ministry of Defence, Defense Department (EEUU)
2) (Jur) (=abogado, argumentación) defence, defense (EEUU)3) (Dep)la defensa — (=jugadores) the defence, the defense (EEUU)
4) pl defensas (Med) defences, defenses (EEUU)está bajo de defensas — his (body's) defences are low, his resistance is low
6) (Náut) fender7) Méx bumper, fender (EEUU)2.SMF (Dep) defenderdefensa escoba, defensa libre — sweeper
* * *1)a) ( protección) defense*actuó en defensa propia or en legítima defensa — he acted in self-defense
defensa de algo/alguien — defense* of something/somebody
b) Defensa femenino the Defense Department (AmE), the Ministry of Defence (BrE)2) (Der) defense*los testigos de la defensa — the witnesses for the defense, the defense witnesses
3) defensas femenino plural (Biol, Med) defenses* (pl)4) (Náut) fender5) (Dep)a) ( conjunto) defense** * *= defence [defense, -USA], plea, advocacy, championship, crusade, championing, affirmation, apologia, bulwark.Ex. The only defense that Panizzi was able to muster in this case was to cite the authorities instead of the reasons he followed.Ex. Enter a brief, plea, or other formal record of one party to a case under the heading for that party.Ex. However, what American libraries mean by advocacy is 'Work to overcome obstacles that the enquirer encounters in trying to secure help from outside resource agencies'.Ex. Such championship cannot be lightly set aside, nevertheless it is now quiet certain that 'bibliography', incorrect and unfortunate as it may be, is here to stay and the situation must be accepted.Ex. The Thatcher government's crusade for privatisation is also hitting British libraries.Ex. Many say the role of consumer advice centres as being simply mediators between the consumer and the retailer/manufacturer; only a few adventurous authorities encouraged the aggressive championing of consumer complaints.Ex. This article argues that the OTA report, despite its affirmation of public access to information, is unlikely to cause a redeployment of resources unless librarians argue vociferously that there is a real need for this information.Ex. The article ' apologia for alternatives' examines the situation where professional standards may have to give way to commercial interests.Ex. Thus our freedom has prompted many to think of libraries as 'a great instrument and bulwark of democracy'.----* actitud de defensa = defensiveness.* actuar defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.* actuar en defensa de la profesión = advocacy.* alegar defensa = muster + defense.* decir en defensa de = say in + defence of.* defensa bioquímica = biodefence [biodefense, -USA].* defensa con misiles = missile defence.* defensa costera = coastal defence.* defensa de intereses = lobbying.* defensa de la profesión = advocacy.* defensa del consumidor = consumer protection.* defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.* defensa de tesis = dissertation defence, thesis defence.* defensa nacional = national defence.* defensa propia = self-defence [self-defense, -USA].* defensas marítimas = maritime defences.* defensas naturales = natural defences, natural defences.* defensa solapada = plug.* Departamento de Defensa = Department of Defense.* departamento de defensa del consumidor = consumer protection department.* el ataque es la mejor defensa = attack is the best form of defence.* en defensa propia = in self-defence.* estrategia de defensa = defence strategy.* fuerzas de defensa, las = defence forces, the.* industria de defensa, la = defence industry, the [defense industry, -USA].* mecanismo de defensa = defence mechanism [defense mechanism, -USA].* Ministerio de Defensa = Ministry of Defence.* ministro de defensa = defence minister.* movimiento en defensa de los derechos de la mujer = women's rights movement.* movimiento en defensa de los derechos de los animales = animal rights movement.* preparar una defensa = mount + defence.* primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.* secretario de defensa = defence minister.* sistema de defensa = defence system.* Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia = Office of Fair Trade.* * *1)a) ( protección) defense*actuó en defensa propia or en legítima defensa — he acted in self-defense
defensa de algo/alguien — defense* of something/somebody
b) Defensa femenino the Defense Department (AmE), the Ministry of Defence (BrE)2) (Der) defense*los testigos de la defensa — the witnesses for the defense, the defense witnesses
3) defensas femenino plural (Biol, Med) defenses* (pl)4) (Náut) fender5) (Dep)a) ( conjunto) defense** * *= defence [defense, -USA], plea, advocacy, championship, crusade, championing, affirmation, apologia, bulwark.Ex: The only defense that Panizzi was able to muster in this case was to cite the authorities instead of the reasons he followed.
Ex: Enter a brief, plea, or other formal record of one party to a case under the heading for that party.Ex: However, what American libraries mean by advocacy is 'Work to overcome obstacles that the enquirer encounters in trying to secure help from outside resource agencies'.Ex: Such championship cannot be lightly set aside, nevertheless it is now quiet certain that 'bibliography', incorrect and unfortunate as it may be, is here to stay and the situation must be accepted.Ex: The Thatcher government's crusade for privatisation is also hitting British libraries.Ex: Many say the role of consumer advice centres as being simply mediators between the consumer and the retailer/manufacturer; only a few adventurous authorities encouraged the aggressive championing of consumer complaints.Ex: This article argues that the OTA report, despite its affirmation of public access to information, is unlikely to cause a redeployment of resources unless librarians argue vociferously that there is a real need for this information.Ex: The article ' apologia for alternatives' examines the situation where professional standards may have to give way to commercial interests.Ex: Thus our freedom has prompted many to think of libraries as 'a great instrument and bulwark of democracy'.* actitud de defensa = defensiveness.* actuar defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.* actuar en defensa de la profesión = advocacy.* alegar defensa = muster + defense.* decir en defensa de = say in + defence of.* defensa bioquímica = biodefence [biodefense, -USA].* defensa con misiles = missile defence.* defensa costera = coastal defence.* defensa de intereses = lobbying.* defensa de la profesión = advocacy.* defensa del consumidor = consumer protection.* defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.* defensa de tesis = dissertation defence, thesis defence.* defensa nacional = national defence.* defensa propia = self-defence [self-defense, -USA].* defensas marítimas = maritime defences.* defensas naturales = natural defences, natural defences.* defensa solapada = plug.* Departamento de Defensa = Department of Defense.* departamento de defensa del consumidor = consumer protection department.* el ataque es la mejor defensa = attack is the best form of defence.* en defensa propia = in self-defence.* estrategia de defensa = defence strategy.* fuerzas de defensa, las = defence forces, the.* industria de defensa, la = defence industry, the [defense industry, -USA].* mecanismo de defensa = defence mechanism [defense mechanism, -USA].* Ministerio de Defensa = Ministry of Defence.* ministro de defensa = defence minister.* movimiento en defensa de los derechos de la mujer = women's rights movement.* movimiento en defensa de los derechos de los animales = animal rights movement.* preparar una defensa = mount + defence.* primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.* secretario de defensa = defence minister.* sistema de defensa = defence system.* Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia = Office of Fair Trade.* * *A1 (protección) defense*nadie acudió en su defensa nobody went to his defense, nobody went to defend himsalió en nuestra defensa he came to our defenseactuó en defensa propia or en legítima defensa he acted in self-defense*defensa DE algo/algn defense* OF sth/sbse manifestaron en defensa de sus derechos they demonstrated in defense of their rights2Compuestos:self-defense*anti-aircraft defenses* (pl)sea defenses* (pl)river defenses* (pl)B ( Der) defense*los testigos de la defensa the witnesses for the defense, the defense witnesseslas defensas biológicas del organismo the organism's biological defenses o biological defense mechanismsestá bajo de defensas his resistance is lowD1 ( Náut) fender2 (Cu, Méx) ( Auto) bumperE ( Dep)1 (conjunto) defense*2* * *
defensa sustantivo femenino
1
actuó en defensa propia he acted in self-defense;
defensa de algo/algn defense( conjugate defense) of sth/sb;
defensa personal self-defense( conjugate defense)
2a)◊ Defensa sustantivo femenino
the Defense Department (AmE), the Ministry of Defence (BrE)b)
c)
defensa
I sustantivo femenino
1 defence, US defense: salió en defensa de su hija, he came out in defence of his daugther
2 Auto bumper, US fender
3 Dep (conjunto) defence
4 Med defensas, defences: la enfermedad le ha dejado sin defensas, the disease affected his immune system
II m Dep defender, back
' defensa' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
caída
- caído
- Cesid
- legítima
- legítimo
- llave
- alegar
- lateral
- mecanismo
English:
AA
- back
- defence
- defender
- defense
- fender
- for
- spirited
- stout
- behalf
- defend
- element
- guard
- mace
- self
* * *♦ nf1. [protección] defence;la defensa del medio ambiente the protection of the environment;lleva siempre una pistola como defensa she always carries a gun to defend herself;en su defensa cabe decir que él ignoraba lo sucedido in his defence, it has to be said that he didn't know what had happened;acudir en defensa de algo/alguien to come to the defence of sth/to sb's defence;salir en defensa de algo/alguien to come out in defence of sth/sbdefensa antiaérea anti-aircraft defences;la defensa nacional national defence;defensa pasiva passive resistance;defensa personal self-defence2.3. [legal] defence;basó su defensa en la falta de pruebas he based his defence on the lack of evidence;en defensa propia, en legítima defensa in self-defence;la defensa [parte en un juicio] the defence;la defensa tiene la palabra [en juicio] it is the turn of the defence to speak4.defensas [sistema inmunitario] defences;tiene las defensas muy bajas his body's defences are very low5. [jugadores, parte del juego] defencedefensa al hombre man-to-man defence;defensa hombre man-to-man defence;defensa en zona [en baloncesto] zone defence♦ nmf[jugador] defender;la línea de defensas the back line, the defencedefensa central [en fútbol] central defender, centre back;defensa de cierre [en rugby] fullback;Fam defensa escoba [en fútbol] sweeper* * *I f1 JUR, DEP defense, Brdefence;legítima defensa self-defense, Br self-defence;salir en defensa de alguien come to s.o.’s defense2 L.Am.AUTO fender, Brmudguard3:II m/f DEP defender* * *defensa nf: defensedefensa nmf: defender, back (in sports)* * *defensa n1. (en general) defence2. (jugador) defender -
9 mecanismo
m.1 mechanism.2 mechanism (procedimiento).* * *1 mechanism2 figurado (funcionamiento) working, mechanism\mecanismo de dirección steering mechanism* * *noun m.mechanism, device* * *SM1) [de reloj, cerradura, fusil] mechanism2) (=procedimiento) mechanism* * *a) (Mec) mechanismun mecanismo que cierra las puertas — a door-locking device o mechanism
b) (de proceso, sistema) mechanism* * *= device, mechanics, mechanism, provision, rig, gearing.Ex. The extent of application of the synthetic devices will vary from one library to another.Ex. However, it is clear that the mechanics of searching post-coordinate indexes differ from those involved in searching pre-coordinate indexes.Ex. This helps to illustrate the methods of analysis employed by the scheme and to introduce the mechanisms of its use.Ex. Chapter 9 considered the provisions for selecting headings for added entries.Ex. An adjustable seating rig was used to create the three-dimensional shape of a static lounge chair.Ex. The bronze gearing was far too corroded to be taken to bits, cleaned up, and made to work.----* activar un mecanismo de control = set + control.* desactivar un mecanismo = disable + mechanism.* mecanismo de absorción = absorber.* mecanismo de apertura = opening mechanism.* mecanismo de apoyo = enabler.* mecanismo de cierre = closing mechanism, fastener.* mecanismo de control = watchdog.* mecanismo de cuerda = clockwork.* mecanismo de defensa = defence mechanism [defense mechanism, -USA].* mecanismo de detección = dragnet.* mecanismo de fijación = locking/releasing mechanism.* mecanismo de integración = integrator.* mecanismo de presión = impression assembly.* mecanismo de reclamación = appeals process, appeals mechanism, appeals procedure.* mecanismo de reducción de situaciones difíciles = threat-reduction mechanism.* mecanismo de relojería = clockwork.* mecanismo de seguridad = security mechanism.* montado sobre un mecanismo giratorio = pivoted.* persona o mecanismo que resuelve problemas = solver.* * *a) (Mec) mechanismun mecanismo que cierra las puertas — a door-locking device o mechanism
b) (de proceso, sistema) mechanism* * *= device, mechanics, mechanism, provision, rig, gearing.Ex: The extent of application of the synthetic devices will vary from one library to another.
Ex: However, it is clear that the mechanics of searching post-coordinate indexes differ from those involved in searching pre-coordinate indexes.Ex: This helps to illustrate the methods of analysis employed by the scheme and to introduce the mechanisms of its use.Ex: Chapter 9 considered the provisions for selecting headings for added entries.Ex: An adjustable seating rig was used to create the three-dimensional shape of a static lounge chair.Ex: The bronze gearing was far too corroded to be taken to bits, cleaned up, and made to work.* activar un mecanismo de control = set + control.* desactivar un mecanismo = disable + mechanism.* mecanismo de absorción = absorber.* mecanismo de apertura = opening mechanism.* mecanismo de apoyo = enabler.* mecanismo de cierre = closing mechanism, fastener.* mecanismo de control = watchdog.* mecanismo de cuerda = clockwork.* mecanismo de defensa = defence mechanism [defense mechanism, -USA].* mecanismo de detección = dragnet.* mecanismo de fijación = locking/releasing mechanism.* mecanismo de integración = integrator.* mecanismo de presión = impression assembly.* mecanismo de reclamación = appeals process, appeals mechanism, appeals procedure.* mecanismo de reducción de situaciones difíciles = threat-reduction mechanism.* mecanismo de relojería = clockwork.* mecanismo de seguridad = security mechanism.* montado sobre un mecanismo giratorio = pivoted.* persona o mecanismo que resuelve problemas = solver.* * *1 ( Mec) mechanismmecanismo de apertura retardada time lock mechanismmecanismo de relojería clockwork mechanismel mecanismo de dirección the steering gearun mecanismo que bloquea las ruedas a device o mechanism that stops the wheels from moving2 (de un proceso, sistema) mechanismel mecanismo administrativo the administrative mechanismse espera encontrar soluciones aceptables a través de los mecanismos de negociación it is hoped that acceptable solutions will be found through the negotiating processa través de otros mecanismos diferentes al de las armas by means other than the use of armsCompuestos:● mecanismo de cambio europeo or de cambiosEuropean Exchange Rate Mechanismdefense* mechanismExchange Rate Mechanism* * *
mecanismo sustantivo masculino
mechanism;
mecanismo sustantivo masculino mechanism
' mecanismo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
freno
- maquinaria
- pedal
- propulsor
- propulsora
- regir
- rueda
- accionar
- atascar
- bloquear
- botón
- desarmable
- desarmar
- desbaratar
- desbloquear
- desequilibrado
- desequilibrar
- deshacer
- desmontable
- desmontar
- dirección
- dispositivo
- efecto
- enganche
- estropear
- fastidiar
- fiar
- funcionamiento
- imperfección
- obedecer
- picaporte
- probar
- seguro
English:
clockwork
- device
- failsafe
- mechanics
- mechanism
- movement
- time-saving
- work
- clock
- machinery
- works
* * *mecanismo nm1. [estructura] mechanism;acordaron un mecanismo automático de revisión salarial they agreed on a procedure o system for automatic salary reviewsPsi mecanismo de defensa defence mechanism; Fin mecanismo de los tipos de cambio exchange rate mechanism2. [funcionamiento] mechanism;conoce muy bien el mecanismo electoral she's very familiar with the electoral procedure o process* * *m mechanism* * *mecanismo nm: mechanism* * *mecanismo n mechanism -
10 meccanismo
m mechanism* * *meccanismo s.m.1 (mecc.) mechanism, works (pl.); (funzionamento) working, mechanics: meccanismo a cremagliera, rack-work; meccanismo d'arresto automatico, automatic stop motion; meccanismo di disinnesto, throwout; meccanismo di un orologio, works of a watch; meccanismo di sparo, (di armi da fuoco) gunlock // (aut.) meccanismo di sterzo, steering gear // (mar.) meccanismo del timone, di governo, steering gear // (inform.) meccanismo (automatico) di trascinamento carta, automatic carriage2 (fig.) mechanism: (psic.) meccanismo di difesa, defence mechanism; meccanismo di adeguamento, adjustment mechanism; meccanismi selettivi, screening devices // (econ.): meccanismo dei prezzi, price mechanism; meccanismi di intervento, support arrangements; meccanismo di mercato, market mechanism; il meccanismo della memoria, the memorizing process.* * *[mekka'nizmo]sostantivo maschile1) mecc. device, mechanism, workings pl.2) (di arma da fuoco, pianoforte) action; (di orologio) clockwork, movement•meccanismo di difesa — means of defence, defence mechanism
* * *meccanismo/mekka'nizmo/sostantivo m.1 mecc. device, mechanism, workings pl.2 (di arma da fuoco, pianoforte) action; (di orologio) clockwork, movement3 fig. (funzionamento) mechanism, mechanics + verbo sing., workings pl.; - i mentali thought processesmeccanismo di difesa means of defence, defence mechanism. -
11 difesa
f defence, AE defensedifesa dei consumatori consumer protectionlegittima difesa self-defence (AE -defense)* * *difesa s.f.1 defence; (amer.) defense: la difesa di un territorio, the defence of a territory; la difesa dei propri interessi, the defence of one's interests; difesa passiva, passive defence; mettersi in posizione di difesa, to stand on one's guard (o to take up a defensive position); stare in difesa, to be on the defensive; accorrere in difesa di qlcu., qlco., to rush to the defence of s.o., sthg.; combattere in difesa del proprio paese, to fight in defence of one's country; schierarsi in difesa di qlcu., to come out in defence of s.o.; parlare in difesa di qlcu., to speak in s.o.'s defence; prendere le difese di qlcu., to take s.o.'s part (o to take up the cudgels on s.o.'s behalf); a difesa di, in defence of; a sua difesa si può dire che..., in his defence it may be said that... // difesa ambientale, conservation (o environmental protection) // senza difesa, defenceless (o unprotected) // muro di difesa, defensive wall // la lana è un'ottima difesa dal freddo, wool is a good protection against the cold // (mil.): difesa antiaerea, anti-aircraft defence; difesa antisbarco, anti-landing defence; difesa costiera, coastal defence; guerra di difesa, defensive war; linea di difesa, line of defence; armi da difesa, weapons of defence // la miglior difesa è l'attacco, (prov.) the best form of defence is attack2 (dir.) defence; (amer.) defense; ( avvocato incaricato della difesa) counsel for the defence: caso di legittima difesa, case of self-defence; sostenere una difesa contro, to make a defence against; dare la parola alla difesa, to give the defence leave to speak (o to call upon the defence to speak)3 pl. ( fortificazioni) defences, fortifications, defensive works // le difese dell'organismo, the body's defences4 (sport) defence: giocare in difesa, to defend; un clamoroso errore della difesa, a dreadful mistake by the defence; difesa a zona, zonal defence; difesa a uomo, man-to-man marking (o defence); essere forti in difesa, to have a strong defence.* * *[di'fesa]sostantivo femminile1) (da un aggressore) defence BE, defense AE (da from; contro against) (anche mil.)2) pol.ministro della Difesa — (in GB) Secretary of State for Defence; (negli USA) Defense Secretary
Ministero della Difesa — (in GB) Ministry of Defence; (negli usa) Department of Defense
3) (tutela) protection, shelterprendere le -e di qcn. — to come to sb.'s defence, to stand o stick up for sb
4) sport (azione, insieme dei difensori) defence BE, defense AEgiocare in difesa — to play in defence, to defend
5) fisiol. psic.meccanismo di difesa — means of defence, defence mechanism
fare crollare le -e di qcn. — to break down sb.'s defences
6) (giustificazione, arringa) defence BE, defense AEa o in mia difesa in my own defence; assumere la difesa di qcn. to conduct sb.'s defence; legittima difesa — self-defence
7) dir. (parte che difende, difensore) defence BE, defense AEavvocato della difesa — counsel for the defence, defending counsel
••la miglior difesa è l'attacco — prov. attack is the best form of defence
* * *difesa/di'fesa/sostantivo f.1 (da un aggressore) defence BE, defense AE (da from; contro against) (anche mil.); in posizione di difesa in defensive position; arma da o di difesa defensive weapon2 pol. ministro della Difesa (in GB) Secretary of State for Defence; (negli USA) Defense Secretary; Ministero della Difesa (in GB) Ministry of Defence; (negli usa) Department of Defense3 (tutela) protection, shelter; la difesa dell'ambiente environmental protection; associazione per la difesa dei consumatori consumer protection organization; prendere le -e di qcn. to come to sb.'s defence, to stand o stick up for sb.4 sport (azione, insieme dei difensori) defence BE, defense AE; giocare in difesa to play in defence, to defend; difesa a uomo man-to-man defence; difesa a zona zone defence5 fisiol. psic. le -e dell'organismo the body's defences; meccanismo di difesa means of defence, defence mechanism; fare crollare le -e di qcn. to break down sb.'s defences6 (giustificazione, arringa) defence BE, defense AE; a o in mia difesa in my own defence; assumere la difesa di qcn. to conduct sb.'s defence; legittima difesa self-defence7 dir. (parte che difende, difensore) defence BE, defense AE; avvocato della difesa counsel for the defence, defending counsella miglior difesa è l'attacco prov. attack is the best form of defence. -
12 защитный механизм
1) Medicine: nocifensor (организма)2) Psychology: defence activity, trick3) Advertising: defence mechanism4) Aviation medicine: defence mechanism ( подсознательный), defense-mechanism5) Security: protection mechanism6) Electrical engineering: safeguarding mechanism -
13 mecanismo de defensa
defense* mechanism* * *(n.) = defence mechanism [defense mechanism, -USA]Ex. According to these results, it is suggested that both chemicals examined could damage hemocytes and further influence the defense mechanism of prawns.* * *defense* mechanism* * *(n.) = defence mechanism [defense mechanism, -USA]Ex: According to these results, it is suggested that both chemicals examined could damage hemocytes and further influence the defense mechanism of prawns.
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14 механизм психологической защиты
1) Psychology: psychological defence mechanism2) Aviation medicine: defence mechanism ( подсознательный) (личности; Фрейд), defense-mechanism3) Makarov: defence-mechanismУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > механизм психологической защиты
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15 Abwehrmechanismus
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16 meccanismo di difesa
meccanismo di difesameans of defence, defence mechanism\→ difesa————————meccanismo di difesameans of defence, defence mechanism.\ -
17 механизм защиты
1) Medicine: defence mechanism2) Microchip technology: anti-tearing mechanism (данных на смарт-карте при отключении энергии или выдергивании карты из устройства)3) Security: protection mechanism -
18 avverging
subst. (psykologi) defence mechanism, US: defense mechanism -
19 forsvarsmekanisme
subst. defences pl. (f.eks.the body's defences against infection
) subst. [ innebygget] defence reflex subst. (psykologi) defence mechanism (el. reaction) -
20 système
système [sistεm]masculine noun• il me tape or court or porte sur le système (inf!) he gets on my nerves (inf)• recourir au système D to rely on one's own resources ► système de défense (Military) defence system ; (Physiology) defence mechanism* * *sistɛmnom masculin1) (ensemble organisé, doctrine) system2) (dispositif, réunion d'éléments) systemsystème de canaux — canal system ou network
3) (plan, méthode) system, scheme5) Anatomie system6) Informatique system7) ( en astronomie)•Phrasal Verbs:••taper or courir sur le système de quelqu'un — (colloq) to get on somebody's nerves ou wick (colloq) GB
* * *sistɛm nm* * *système nm1 (ensemble organisé, doctrine) system; système économique/légal/pénitentiaire economic/legal/prison system; entrer dans le système to join the system; système de vie way of life;2 (dispositif, réunion d'éléments) system; système d'éclairage/de transmission lighting/transmission system; système de miroirs/poulies system of mirrors/pulleys; système de canaux canal system ou network;3 (plan, méthode) system, scheme;4 ( moyen) system, way; ( combine) dodge○; prenons l'avion, c'est encore le meilleur système let's go by plane, it's still the best way;5 Physiol system; troubles du système Méd systemic disorders; système cardio-vasculaire cardio-vascular system; système nerveux central/végétatif central nervous/vegetative system; système pileux Physiol hair; avoir un système pileux fourni to have a lot of hair; système digestif digestive system;6 Ordinat system; analyse/conception de systèmes systems analysis/design; système de gestion de bases de données database (management) system; système expert expert system; système d'exploitation operating system; système d'information pour le management management information system; système informatique information system; système intégré de gestion integrated management system;7 Astron system; système planétaire/solaire planetary/solar system.système d'adressage par domaines Ordinat DNS, domain name system; système d'alarme burglar alarm, alarm system; système casuel Ling case system; le système D○ resourcefulness; j'ai eu un billet par le système D○ I wangled○ a ticket; système décimal decimal system; système d'encouragement Entr incentive scheme; système d'exploitation Ordinat operating system; système de gestion de bases de données, SGBD Ordinat database management system, DBMS; système métrique metric system; système monétaire européen, SME European Monetary System, EMS; système nuageux Météo cloud system; système de participation (aux bénéfices) profit-sharing scheme.[sistɛm] nom masculin1. [structure] system3. [appareillage] systemsystème de chauffage/d'éclairage heating/lighting systemsystème nerveux/digestif nervous/digestive system5. CONSTRUCTION6. ÉCONOMIE9. SCIENCES10. (familier & locution)il me court ou porte ou tape sur le système he's really getting on my nerves
См. также в других словарях:
defence mechanism — defence mechanisms N COUNT A defence mechanism is a way of behaving or thinking which is not conscious or deliberate and is an automatic reaction to unpleasant experiences or feelings such as anxiety and fear … English dictionary
Defence mechanism — For the biological concept, see Antipredator adaptation. Part of a series of articles on Psychoanalysis … Wikipedia
defence mechanism — UK / US noun [countable] Word forms defence mechanism : singular defence mechanism plural defence mechanisms 1) a reaction in your mind that makes you forget things that are unpleasant to think about 2) a reaction in your body that protects you… … English dictionary
defence mechanism — noun (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires • Syn: ↑defense mechanism, ↑defense reaction, ↑defence reaction, ↑defense, ↑defence • Topics: ↑psychia … Useful english dictionary
defence mechanism — de fence .mechanism BrE defense mechanism AmE n 1.) a process in your brain that makes you forget things that are painful for you to think about 2.) a reaction in your body that protects you from an illness or danger … Dictionary of contemporary English
defence mechanism — the means whereby an undesirable impulse can be avoided or controlled. Many defence mechanisms have been described, including repression, projection, reaction formation, sublimation, and splitting. They may be partly responsible for such problems … Medical dictionary
defence mechanism — BrE, defense mechanism AmE noun (C) 1 a process in your brain that makes you forget things that are painful for you to think about 2 a reaction in your body that protects you from an illness or danger … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
defence mechanism — the means whereby an undesirable impulse can be avoided or controlled. Many defence mechanisms have been described, including repression, projection, reaction formation, sublimation, and splitting. They may be partly responsible for such problems … The new mediacal dictionary
Defence mechanism (biology) — Many plants and animals have developed physical defence mechanisms (American English). (British spelling; defense mechanisms)AnimalsGrazing animals often feed in herds. When a predator attacks, the animals in different directions, often confusing … Wikipedia
defence mechanism — Unconscious psychological mechanisms, delineated by Sigmund Freud , that the ego uses to defend the individual from unacceptable instinctual impulses which must be hidden from consciousness. Best known are repression and projection ; others… … Dictionary of sociology
defence mechanism — reaction of self protection by an organism; mental process whereby one avoids unpleasant ideas or impulses (Psychoanalysis) … English contemporary dictionary