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  • 61 mi|ara

    f 1. (wielkość, rozmiar) measure, measurement
    - wagi i miary weights and measures
    - miara objętości cubic measure
    - pH jest miarą kwasowości wody the pH scale is a measurement of the acidity of the water
    2. (przyrząd do mierzenia) measure; (krawiecka) measuring tape, tape measure; (kuchenna) measuring cup a. jug 3. sgt (rozmiar) measurement
    - wziąć miarę z kogoś (na suknię/garnitur) to take sb’s measurements a. to measure sb (for a dress/suit)
    - robiony a. szyty na miarę custom-made, made-to-measure
    4. sgt (ilość) measure, amount
    - nie spodziewano się sukcesu na taką miarę nobody expected such a degree of success
    5. sgt (kryterium) measure, yardstick
    - bogactwo nie jest miarą szczęścia/sukcesu wealth isn’t a measure of happiness/success
    6. książk. (umiar) moderation, measure
    - zachować miarę (w jedzeniu/piciu) to exercise moderation (in eating/drinking)
    - brakowało mu miary he lacked moderation
    7. pot. (przymiarka) fitting
    - w środę proszę przyjść do miary please come for a fitting on Wednesday
    8. (wartość, stopień) measure
    - chwalić i ganić w równej mierze to distribute praise and blame in equal measure
    - w znacznej a. wielkiej mierze in large a. great measure
    - nasz sukces w dużej mierze zależy od jego ostatecznej decyzji our success depends largely on his final decision
    9. Literat. (metrum) measure, metre
    - □ miary metryczne metric measures
    bez miary pot. beyond measure
    - moja wdzięczność będzie bez miary my gratitude will be beyond measure
    - dopełniła się a. przepełniła się a. przebrała się miara książk. the worm has turned
    - przebrała się miara mojej cierpliwości my patience is running out a. wearing thin
    - na miarę kogoś/czegoś a. na jakąś miarę up to (certain) standards
    - był on politykiem na miarę europejską as a politician, he was of European calibre
    - artystka na miarę światową an artist of international stature
    - dzieło na miarę epoki a work of art worthy of the age
    - znacznej a. wielkiej miary of great calibre a. stature
    - jest artystą wielkiej miary he’s an artist of great stature
    - mierzyć kogoś/coś jedną miarą a. przykładać do kogoś/czegoś jedną miarę pot. to tar everyone with the same brush
    - mierzyć kogoś/coś swoją miarą to judge sb by one’s own standards
    - (po)nad miarę excessively, to excess
    - ponad miarę szczęśliwy excessively happy
    - pracować ponad miarę to be overworked
    - pił ponad miarę he drank to excess
    - hojny ponad miarę generous to a fault
    - konfliktów w świecie jest ponad miarę there are far too many conflicts in the world
    - przebrać a. przekroczyć miarę pot. to overstep the mark a. line
    - przykładać do kogoś/czegoś jakąś miarę pot. to measure sb/sth by the yardstick of sth
    - do niej przecież nie można przykładać tej miary, co do zwykłej przeciętnej kobiety she can’t be measured by the same yardstick as an ordinary woman
    - w miarę pot. just enough; [interesujący, udany, wykwalifikowany] moderately, tolerably
    - doskonała zupa – przypraw w miarę i nie przesolona excellent soup: just enough spices and not too much salt
    - w miarę jak słuchali, ich zainteresowanie rosło as they listened, their interest grew
    - w miarę czytania odkrywał coraz więcej błędów as he read, he discovered more and more errors
    - w miarę upływu czasu with the passage of time
    - w miarę możności a. (czyichś) możliwości as far as possible, whenever/wherever possible, as well as one can
    - w miarę możliwości staraj się pracować samodzielnie as far as possible try to work on your own
    - nasza strona (internetowa) będzie aktualizowana w miarę możliwości our web page will be updated whenever possible
    - wszystkie zadania wykonuje w miarę swoich możliwości he performs all his tasks as well as he can
    - w miarę potrzeb as the need arises
    - braki uzupełniano w miarę potrzeb shortages were made up as the need arose
    - w miarę sił as far as one’s able
    - wszyscy będziemy pomagać w miarę sił we’ll all help as far as we’re able
    - w tej mierze książk. in this respect
    - nie udało się nam uzyskać w tej mierze żadnego porozumienia we were unable to reach any agreement in this respect
    - ze wszech miar in every respect
    - jest to mężczyzna ze wszech miar interesujący the man is interesting in every respect
    - żadną miarą książk. by no means, not by a long chalk a. not by a long shot
    - żadną miarą nie przyjmujemy na siebie odpowiedzialności za tę tragedię we by no means accept responsibility for this tragedy
    - ten koń nie wygra, żadną miarą this horse won’t win, not by a long shot
    - żadną miarą nie wykonamy tego w terminie there’s no way we can meet the deadline for this
    - apetyt rośnie w miarę jedzenia przysł. much wants more

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > mi|ara

  • 62 apud

    ăpŭd ( apud down to the time of Caesar, Corp. Inscr. I. 30; I. 196; and after 45 B. C. both apud, Inscr. Orell. 206; 818, and aput, ib. 206; 15; 34; another form of apud was apor, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull. apud, Ritschl, Rib. in Trag. et Com. Rel., Mull. in Lucil., and Dietsch in Sall.; aput, Lachm., Fleck. in Plaut.; both apud and aput, Mull. in Cat. and Rib. in Verg.) [Corssen once regarded apud as connected with apisci, as juxta with jungo, Ausspr. I. p. 335, 1st ed., but afterwards, ib. 2d ed. I. p. 197, he adopted Pott's view, that it was comp. of Sanscr. api, = to, toward, near (Gr. epi), and ad, old form ar, which view the form apor favors, and thus its strict meaning would be on to, unto; v. infra, IV.]; prep. gov. acc., with, at, by, near (regularly with words denoting rest, and primarily of persons, while ad properly designates only direction, motion, extension, etc., and is chiefly used of places; the diff. between apud and penes is given in Paul. ex Fest. p. 22 Mull.: apud et penes in hoc differunt, quod alterum personam cum loco significat, alterum personam et dominium ac potestatem; v. penes, and cf. Nep. Them. 7, 2: ad ephoros Lacedaemoniorum accessit, penes quos summum imperium erat, atque apud eos (v. infra, I. B. 2. a.) contendit, etc.; and for the difference between ad and apud, cf. Lucil. 9, 58 sq. Mull.: apud se longe alid est, neque idem valet ad se: Intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se; syn.: ad, prope, coram, inter, in with abl.; rare in early Lat.; very freq. in Plaut., less freq. in Ter., seven times in Verg., five times in Juv., three times in Catull., twice in Ov, and once in Hor. and Prop.; never in Tib. or Pers.; very freq. in Cic., the historians, and the Vulg.).
    I.
    A.. In designating nearness in respect of persons, with, near: apud ipsum adstas, Att. ap. Non. p. 522, 25:

    adsum apud te, genitor,

    id. ib. p. 522, 32:

    alteram (partem) apud me adponito,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 60:

    nunc hic apud te servio,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 62:

    scriptorum non magnast copia apud me,

    Cat. 68, 33 Mull.:

    mane apud me,

    Vulg. Gen. 29, 19:

    Advocatum habemus apud Patrem,

    ib. 1 Joan. 2, 1:

    cum in lecto Crassus esset et apud eum Sulpicius sederet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 12; so id. Pis. 26, and id. Rep. 3, 28.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    a.. With a pron. or subst., apud me, te, se, aliquem, etc., with me, in my house, etc., in one's house, at the house of a person; Fr. chez moi, chez vous, chez soi, etc.:

    Quis heri apud te? Naev., Com. Rel. p. 9 Rib.: dico eum esse apud me,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 15; 4, 2, 73:

    hic apud me hortum confodere jussi,

    id. Aul. 2, 2, 66:

    si commodumst, apud me, sis, volo,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 110:

    condixerant cenam apud me, Turp., Com. Rel. p. 108 Rib.: quid nunc virgo? Nempe apud test?

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 159:

    Quid sibi volunt homines isti apud te?

    Vulg. Num. 22, 9; ib. Matt. 26, 18:

    cenabis bene apud me,

    Cat. 13, 1:

    apud me habitavit,

    Cic. Clu. 33; id. Verr. 4, 111; 5, 77:

    apud te cenavit,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 58; id. Verr. 4, 49; id. Cael. 26; id. Deiot. 32:

    in curia posita potius quam rure apud te, Titin., Com. Rel. p. 142 Rib.: mane apud me etiam hodie,

    Vulg. Jud. 19, 9:

    tenet intus apud se,

    Lucil. 9, 59 Mull.:

    Pompeius petiit, ut secum et apud se essem cotidie,

    Cic. Att. 5, 6:

    apud se fecit manere,

    Vulg. Jud. 19, 7; ib. Luc. 11, 37:

    de gladiis, quae apud ipsum erant deprehensa,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 10:

    Cum postridie apud eundem ventum exspectans manerem,

    id. Phil. 1, 8:

    mansit apud eum quattuor mensibus,

    Vulg. Jud. 19, 2; ib. Act. 28, 14:

    apud quem deversatus es,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 37: apud nympham Calypsonem, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 685 (cf. Hom. Od. 4, 557: Numphês en megaroisi Kalupsous):

    habitasti apud Heium Messanae,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 18; id. Cael. 51:

    Fuisti apud Laecam illa nocte,

    id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. de Or. 1, 22, 104; id. Att. 1, 8:

    apud Ostorium Scapulam epulatur,

    Tac. A. 14, 48:

    apud Cornelium Primum juxta Velabrum delituit,

    id. H. 3, 74; 1, 14:

    Factum est, ut moraretur apud Simonem quendam,

    Vulg. Act. 9, 43:

    invenient hominem apud sororem tuam occultantem se,

    Cic. Dom. 83:

    qui apud te esset eductus,

    id. Quinct. 69:

    apud quem erat educatus,

    id. Lael. 20, 75:

    cum alter ejus filius apud matrem educaretur,

    id. Clu. 27:

    disciplina C. Cassii, apud quem educatus erat,

    Tac. A. 15, 52:

    se apud Q. Mucium jus civile didicisse,

    id. Or. 30:

    apud eosdem magistratus institutus,

    Suet. Calig. 24:

    servorum manus tamquam apud senem festinantes,

    Tac. H. 1, 7:

    in convivio apud regem,

    id. A. 2, 57: Bene vale;

    apud Orcum te videbo,

    in the abode of Orcus, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 16:

    sacrificasse apud deos, i. e. in templis deorum,

    Tac. A. 11, 27:

    frater apud Othonem militans,

    in the army of Otho, id. H. 2, 26; so,

    nec solum apud Caecinam (cognoscebatur id damnum composuisse),

    id. ib. 2, 27:

    quorum sint legati apud se,

    in his camp, Caes. B. G. 4, 8; cf.:

    Quos cum apud se in castris Ariovistus conspexisset,

    id. ib. 1, 47:

    dici hoc potest, Apud portitores eas (litteras) resignatas sibi,

    at the custom-house, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 64; 3, 3, 80:

    Quantillum argenti mihi apud trapezitam siet,

    at the banker's, id. Capt. 1, 2, 90:

    duo genera materiarum apud rhetoras tractantur, i. e. in scholis rhetorum, as he says just before,

    Tac. Or. 35.—Apud me etc. is sometimes added to domi or in aedibus, or interchanges with domi: Me. Ubi namst, quaeso? Ch. Apud me domi, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 21:

    a me insidias apud me domi positas esse dixerunt,

    Cic. Sest. 41:

    domi esse apud sese archipiratas dixit duos,

    id. Verr. 5, 73; so Vulg. Gen. 27, 15:

    quae (signa) cognovi apud istum in aedibus,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 50:

    esse illa signa domi suae, non esse apud Verrem,

    id. ib. 4, 16:

    nihil apud hanc lautum, pistor domi nullus,

    id. Pis. 67; id. Clu. 165.—Hence,
    b.
    Trop.: apud se esse, to be at home, i. e. to be in one's senses, be one's self, be sane (only in conversational lang.; most freq. in Ter.; cf. Gr. en heautôi einai, Ar. Vesp. 642; opp. vecors, amens esse, to be out of one's wits, beside one's self; so Gr. phrenôn exestanai, Eur. Or. 1021):

    Sumne ego apud me?

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 36:

    Non sum apud me,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 26, and Afran., Com. Rel, p. 170 Rib.:

    Prae iracundia, Menedeme, non sum apud me,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 48:

    Vix sum apud me: ita animus commotust metu, spe, gaudio,

    id. And. 5, 4, 34:

    Num tibi videtur esse apud sese?

    id. Hec. 4, 4, 85 (quasi ob amorem meretricis insanus, Don.):

    proin tu fac, apud te ut sies,

    id. And. 2, 4, 5 (= ut praeparatus sis, Don.); Petr. 129.—
    2.
    In respect of persons, in whose presence or before whom any thing is done or takes place, esp. of discussions or debates in which the persons have the right of decision (Web. Uebungsch. p. 33), before, in the presence of, = coram, ad.
    a.
    Of civil or military affairs, before:

    cum res agatur apud praetorem populi Romani et apud severissimos judices,

    Cic. Arch. 3:

    apud eosdem judices reus est factus,

    id. Clu. 22, 59:

    vis de his judicari apud me?

    Vulg. Act. 25, 9:

    accusavit fratres suos apud patrem,

    ib. Gen. 37, 2; ib. 1 Macc. 7, 6; ib. Joan. 5, 45:

    hoc, quod nunc apud pontifices agis,

    Cic. Dom. 51; 117:

    istud ne apud eum quidem dictatorem quisquam egit isto modo,

    id. Lig. 12:

    qui hanc causam aliquotiens apud te egit,

    id. Quinct. 30; so id. Verr. 2, 100; 3, 114; id. Caecin. 69; id. Sest. 120:

    (populus Romanus) mihi potestatem apud se agendi dedit,

    id. Verr. 5, 173: Repulsior secunda collatione dixit Cato in ea, quae est contra Cornelium apud populum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 286 Mull.:

    tutoresne defendent apud istius modi praetorem?

    Cic. Verr. 1, 153; id. Clu. 126: apud te cum sim defensurus me, Vulg. Act. [p. 146] 26, 2:

    omnia apud praetores gererentur,

    Tac. Or. 38:

    causam nescio quam apud judicem defendebat,

    Cic. Clu. 74; so Tac. A. 3, 12; id. Or. 19:

    apud te defendit alium in ea voluntate non fuisse, in qua te,

    Cic. Lig. 6:

    apud judicem causam dicere,

    id. Quinct. 43; id. Verr. 1, 26; id. Sex. Rosc. 85:

    apud aliquem dicere,

    id. Lig. 6; id. Deiot. 4:

    verba apud senatum fecit,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 20:

    habita apud senatum oratione,

    Tac. A. 12, 25; 6, 8:

    haec apud patres disseruit,

    id. ib. 2, 43; 4, 2;

    4, 6: modeste apud vos socius populi Romani questus est,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 18:

    Quae est ergo apud Caesarem querella?

    id. Lig. 25:

    isne apud vos obtinebit causam, qui etc.,

    id. Caecin. 38:

    petita multa est apud eum praetorem,

    id. Verr. 1, 155:

    causam contra aliquem apud centumviros dicere,

    id. de Or. 2, 23, 98; Tac. Or. 38:

    numerus oratorum quot annis apud magistratus publice subscribitur,

    Cic. Verr. 3, 120:

    apud eorum quem qui manumitteretur,

    Liv. 41, 9: apud proconsules aliquem manumittere, Marcian. ap. Dig. 1, 162.—
    b.
    In extra judicial cases, before:

    apud hunc confessus es et genus etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 52:

    nullam causam dico, quin mihi Et parentum et libertatis apud te deliquio siet,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 93:

    apud erum qui (servos) vera loquitur,

    id. Am. 2, 1, 43:

    apud novercam querere,

    id. Ps. 1, 3, 80:

    ego apud parentem loquor,

    Cic. Lig. 30:

    plura fateri apud amicos,

    Tac. A. 14, 62:

    aliquid apud aliquem laudare,

    Cic. Att. 2, 25; Tac. A. 13, 46; so Vulg. Gen. 12, 15:

    aliquem apud aliquos vituperare,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 11:

    apud quem tu etiam nos criminari soles,

    id. Vatin. 29.—
    c.
    Of one's feelings, views, judgment, with, in the view or sight of, before.
    (α).
    With verbs:

    apud Tenedios sanctissimus deus habetur,

    Cic. Fl. 61; id. Verr. 1, 49:

    quod apud illos amplissimum sacerdotium putatur,

    id. ib. 2, 126;

    1, 69: si tutoris auctoritas apud te ponderis nihil habebat,

    id. ib. 2, 55; id. Planc. 4:

    apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducetur,

    id. Q. Rosc. 6:

    Quae omnia apud nos partim infamia... ponuntur, Nep. praef. 5: justificatur apud Deum,

    Vulg. Gal. 3, 11:

    haec apud illos barbatos ridicula videbantur,

    Cic. Mur. 26; id. Dom. 101:

    unus dies apud Dominum (est) sicut mille anni, et mille anni sicut dies unus,

    Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With adjj.:

    fuisti apud pontifices superior,

    Cic. Dom. 4:

    qui honos est apud Syracusanos amplissimus,

    id. Verr. 4, 137; id. Font. 36:

    quam clara (expugnatio) apud omnes,

    id. Verr. 1, 50; 2, 50:

    Satis clarus est apud timentem quisquis timetur,

    Tac. H. 2, 76; id. Or. 7:

    hoc est apud Graecos prope gloriosius quam Romae triumphasse,

    Cic. Fl. 31; Tac. H. 5, 17:

    quod aeque apud bonos miserum est,

    id. ib. 1, 29:

    quae justa sunt apud nos,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 11, 33; ib. Rom. 2, 13:

    tunc eritis inculpabiles apud Dominum,

    ib. Num. 32, 22:

    si is pretio apud istum idoneus esset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 121.—
    (γ).
    With substt.:

    est tanta apud eos ejus fani religio atque antiquitas, ut etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 46:

    tanta nominis Romani dignitas est apud omnes nationes, ut etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 150:

    qua (hic) apud omnes Siculos dignitate atque existimatione sit,

    id. ib. 2, 111:

    Dymnus modicae apud regem auctoritatis et gratiae,

    Curt. 6, 72:

    abominatio est uterque apud Deum,

    Vulg. Prov. 17, 15.—Apud animum, apud animum meum, etc. sometimes stand for mihi, mecum, etc., or simply animo: Ea tute tibi subice et apud animum propone, before your mind, before you, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    ipsi primum statuerint apud animos, quid vellent,

    Liv. 6, 39, 11:

    Sic apud animum meum statuo,

    Sall. de Ord. Rep. 2:

    sic statuere apud animum meum possum,

    Liv. 34, 2, 4.—So with pers. pron. in Vulg. after the Greek: haec apud se (pros heauton) oravit, within himself, to himself, Luc. 18, 11: Sciens apud semet ipsum (en heautôi), in himself, Joan. 6, 62: statui hoc ipsum apud me (emautôi), ne etc., with myself, 2 Cor. 2, 1; so, hoc cogitet apud se (eph heautou), ib. 10, 7.—
    d.
    And simply before, in the presence of:

    id apud vos proloquar,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 6:

    nemo est meorum amicorum, apud quem expromere omnia mea occulta audeam,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 14:

    se jactant apud eos, quos inviti vident,

    Cic. Fl. 61:

    licet mihi, Marce fili, apud te gloriari, ad quem etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 22, 78: de vobis glorior apud Macedones, Vulg. 2 Cor. 9, 2:

    plus quam apud vos commemorari velitis,

    Cic. Caecin. 77:

    non apud indoctos loquor,

    id. Pis. 68:

    ostendit, quae quisque de eo apud se dixerit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 19:

    quid apud magnum loquerentur Achillem,

    Ov. M. 12, 163:

    neque raro neque apud paucos talia jaciebat,

    Tac. A. 4, 7:

    loqui de se apud aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 1, 3:

    mentiri apud aliquem,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 24:

    apud aliquem profiteri,

    Curt. 7, 7, 24:

    Non est nobis haec oratio habenda apud imperitam multitudinem,

    Cic. Mur. 61:

    Caesar apud milites contionatur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    gratias agere alicui apud aliquem,

    Cic. Sest. 4; so Tac. A. 15, 22:

    si quid (in me) auctoritatis est, apud eos utar, qui etc.,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2; so id. Lig. 16, and id. Red. in Sen. 24:

    Quae fundebat apud Samson lacrimas,

    Vulg. Jud. 14, 16.—
    3.
    Of a person with whom, in whose case something is, exists, is done, with, in the case of, often = in with abl.:

    quom apud te parum stet fides,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 62:

    Et bene apud memores veteris stat gratia facti,

    Verg. A. 4, 539:

    At fides mihi apud hunc est,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 10: De. Quid est? Ch. Itan parvam mihi fidem esse apud te? id. Phorm. 5, 3, 27:

    ut apud me praemium esse positum pietati scias,

    id. Hec. 4, 2, 8:

    alioqui mercedem non habebitis apud Patrem vestrum,

    Vulg. Matt. 6, 1:

    illa res quantam declarat ejusdem hominis apud hostes populi Romani auctoritatem,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 46:

    (eum) Aeduorum auctoritatem apud omnes Belgas amplificaturum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 14:

    si M. Petrei non summa auctoritas apud milites exstitisset,

    Cic. Sest. 12:

    Pompei auctoritas apud omnes tanta est. quanta etc.,

    id. Fl. 14; id. Phil. 13, 7:

    ecquid auctoritatis apud vos socii populi Romani habere debeant,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 17; so id. Verr. 2, 14; id. Mur 38:

    (servi) apud eum sunt in honore et pretio,

    id. Sex. Rosc. 77; id. Verr. 5, 157; id. Cat. 3, 2:

    videmus quanta sit in invidia quantoque in odio apud quosdam virtus et industria,

    id. Verr. 5, 181:

    quo majore apud vos odio esse debet quam etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 42:

    domi splendor, apud exteras nationes nomen et gratia,

    id. Clu. 154; id. Mur. 38:

    Dumnorigem, magna apud plebem gratia,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

    tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 20:

    certe apud te et hos, qui tibi adsunt, veritas valebit,

    Cic. Quinct. 5; id. Div. in Caecil. 17; id. Lig. 30; id. Marcell. 14; id. Mil. 34:

    utrum apud eos pudor atque officium aut timor valeret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    apud quem ut multum gratia valeret,

    Nep. Con. 2, 1:

    video apud te causas valere plus quam preces,

    Cic. Lig. 31; so id. Lael. 4, 13, and Tac. H. 3, 36:

    quod apud vos plurimum debebit valere,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11; so Caes. B. G. 1, 17, and Tac. H. 4, 73:

    qui tantum auctoritate apud suos cives potuit, ut etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 113:

    speravit sese apud tales viros aliquid posse ad etc.,

    id. Sex. Rosc. 141:

    (eum) apud finitimas civitates largiter posse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

    quae (pecunia) apud me contra fidem meam nihil potuisset,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 19:

    quae (memoria) plus apud eum possit quam salus civitatis,

    id. Phil. 5, 51; id. Verr. 3, 131:

    qui apud eum plurimum poterat,

    id. ib. 3, 130:

    qui apud me et amicitia et beneficiis et dignitate plurimum possunt,

    id. Sex. Rosc. 4; so Caes. B. G. 1, 9.—So very rarely with adjj.:

    faciles sunt preces apud eos, qui etc.,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 63:

    nihil me turpius apud homines fuisset,

    id. Att. 2, 19:

    apud quos miserum auxilium tolerabile miserius malum fecit,

    Cels. 3, 23.—
    4.
    Of persons, of inhabitants of cities or countries, among whom one is, or something is, is done or happens, among = inter:

    CONSOL. QVEI. FVIT. APVD. VOS., Epit. Scip. ap. Grotef. Gr. II. p. 296: homines apud nos noti, inter suos nobiles,

    Cic. Fl. 52:

    Ut vos hic, itidem ille apud vos meus servatur filius,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 11; 2, 2, 62:

    qui (colonus) perigrinatur apud vos,

    Vulg. Exod. 12, 49:

    qui regnabat apud vos,

    ib. 1 Macc. 12, 7; ib. Matt. 13, 56; ib. Luc. 9, 41:

    si iste apud eos quaestor non fuisset,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4; 65:

    Apud eos fuisse regem Divitiacum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 2, 2:

    qui (praetores) apud illos a populo creantur,

    Cic. Fl. 44:

    apud quos consul fuerat,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 66; id. Verr. 2, 5; 4, 108:

    apud inferos illi antiqui supplicia impiis constituta esse voluerunt,

    id. Cat. 4, 8; id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10; so Vulg. Eccli. 14, 17: Sunt apud infernos tot milia formosarum, Prop. 3, 2, 63:

    fateri quae quis apud superos distulit in seram commissa piacula mortem,

    Verg. A. 6, 568;

    Vel. 2, 48, 2: studiis militaribus apud juventutem obsoletis,

    Cic. Font. 42:

    qui apud socios nominis Latini censi essent,

    Liv. 41, 9:

    qui apud gentes solus praestat, Naev., Com. Rel. p. 25 Rib.: quae sacra apud omnes gentes nationesque fiunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 109:

    id (simulacrum) apud Segestanos positum fuisse,

    id. ib. 4, 80:

    si apud Athenienses non deerant qui rem publicam defenderent,

    id. Sest. 141, and Nep. Milt. 6, 2:

    ille est magistratus apud Siculos, qui etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 131:

    si tu apud Persas deprehensus etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 166:

    Apud Helvetios longe nobilissimus fuit Orgetorix,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 2:

    apud omnes Graecos hic mos est, ut etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 158, and id. Fragm. B. 7, 18 B. and K.:

    quod apud Germanos ea consuetudo esset, ut etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 50:

    aliis Germanorum populis usurpatum raro apud Chattos in consensum vertit,

    Tac. G. 31:

    Cui (mihi) neque apud Danaos usquam locus (est),

    Verg. A. 2, 71:

    apud Nahanarvalos antiquae religionis lucus ostenditur,

    Tac. G. 43; 32; 38; 44; id. H. 4, 56; 4, 61; id. A. 2, 1; 2, 45: apud Graecos magis quam in ceteris nationibus exculta est medicina, Cels. praef. 3, 9.—So of an army, in, with, where in with abl. is commonly used:

    qui apud exercitum cum Lucio Lucullo est,

    in the army under L. Lucullus, Cic. Verr. 4, 49; so id. Arch. 11:

    apud exercitum mihi fueris tot annos,

    id. Mur. 45:

    quod Hannibalem etiam nunc cum imperio apud exercitum haberent,

    in the army with a command, Nep. Hann. 7, 3:

    simul manere apud exercitus Titum utile videbatur,

    Tac. H. 5, 10:

    quod XII. pondo argenti habuisset apud exercitum,

    with his troops, Plin. 33, 4, 50, § 143.—
    5.
    In designating the author of a work or of an assertion, apud aliquem, in, by, in the writings of, any one (the work itself being designated by in with abl.; as, de qua in Catone majore satis multa diximus, Cic. Off. 1, 42, 151:

    Socraiem illum, qui est in Phaedro Platonis,

    id. de Or. 1, 7, 28:

    quo in libro,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 47):

    ut scriptum apud eundem Caelium est,

    Cic. Div. 1, 26, 55:

    apud Xenophontem autem moriens Cyrus major haec dicit,

    id. Sen. 22, 79:

    quod apud Platonem est in philosophos dictum, quod etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 9, 28:

    apud Agathoclem scriptum in historia est,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 50:

    ut est apud poetam nescio quem,

    id. Phil. 2, 65:

    Quod enim est apud Ennium, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

    de qua (ambitione) praeclare apud eundem est Platonem, simile etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 87:

    Apud Varronem ita est, etc.,

    Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 348:

    ut video scriptum apud Graecos,

    Cic. Scaur. 4:

    invenio apud quosdam auctores,

    Tac. H. 2, 37; so id. A. 1, 81; 3, 3:

    reperio apud scriptores,

    id. ib. 2, 88:

    apud Solonem,

    i. e. in his laws, Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 64:

    cui bono est, si apud te Agamemnon diserte loquitur, i. e. in tragoediis tuis,

    Tac. Or. 9. —Also of speakers:

    apud quosdam acerbior in conviciis narrabatur,

    Tac. Agr. 22.—
    6.
    a.. Est aliquid apud aliquem = est alicui aliquid, apud aliquem being equivalent to dat. of possessor:

    quae (scientia auguralis) mihi videtur apud majores fuisse dupliciter, ut etc.,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 33:

    juris civilis magnum usum apud multos fuisse,

    id. Brut. 41, 152:

    cum apud eum summum esset imperium populi,

    Nep. Phoc. 2, 4:

    omnis gratia, potentia, honos, divitiae apud illos sunt,

    Sall. C. 20, 8:

    par gloria apud Hannibalem hostesque Poenos erat,

    Liv. 22, 30, 8:

    apud quos nulla loricarum galearumve tegmina (erant),

    Tac. A. 12, 35:

    pecuniam ac dona majora apud Romanos (esse),

    id. H. 4, 76:

    minorem esse apud victos animum,

    id. ib. 3, 1;

    2, 75: quando quidem est apud te virtuti honos,

    Liv. 2, 1, 15: Phoebo sua semper apud me Munera sunt, Phoebus has his gifts with me, i. e. I have his gifts for Phoebus, Verg. E. 3, 62; so Hor. C. 3, 29, 5:

    apud te est fons vitae,

    Vulg. Psa. 35, 10:

    apud Dominum (est) misericordia,

    ib. ib. 129, 7.—
    b.
    Est aliquid apud aliquem also simply denotes that something is in one's hands, in his power, at his disposal:

    erat ei apud me pauxillulum Nummorum,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 3:

    negasse habere se (phaleras): apud alium quoque eas habuisse depositas,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 29:

    multa (signa) deposita apud amicos,

    id. ib. 4, 36:

    apud quem inventus est scyphus,

    Vulg. Gen. 44, 16; ib. [p. 147] Exod. 22, 4; ib. Deut. 24, 12.—So also of persons:

    te pix atra agitet apud carnuficem,

    in the hands of, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 65:

    qui (obsides) apud eum sint,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31; 1, 33.—
    c.
    Apud aliquem = alicui, the dat. of indir. obj.:

    remanet gloria apud me, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 194 Rib.: nihil apud Siculum, nihil apud civem Romanum tota in Sicilia reliquisse,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 2:

    si (cura rei publicae) apud Othonem relinqueretur,

    Tac. H. 1, 13; 1, 20:

    qui judicia manere apud ordinem Senatorium volunt,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 8:

    neque praemia caedis apud interfectorem mansura,

    Tac. H. 2, 70; id. A. 15, 7:

    fidens apud aliquem obligare,

    Dig. 16, 1, 27.—So rarely with adjj.:

    Essetne apud te is servos acceptissimus?

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 56:

    non dicam amicum tuum, quod apud homines carissimum est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 110:

    apud publicanos gratiosus fuisti,

    id. ib. 2, 169; 4, 38; id. Fl. 76; id. Lig. 31: Apud homines hoc impossibile est;

    apud Deum autem omnia possibilia sunt,

    Vulg. Matt. 19, 26; ib. Marc. 10, 27.
    II.
    Transf. In designations of place,
    A.
    At, near, about, around, before (esp. freq. in the post-Aug. histt.) = ad, prope, circum, ante: tibi servi multi apud mensam adstant, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 893 P. (Com. Rel. p. 10 Rib.):

    verecundari neminem apud mensam decet,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 77:

    Quid apud hasce aedis negotii est tibi?

    id. Am. 1, 1, 194:

    Quid illisce homines quaerunt apud aedis meas?

    id. Most. 4, 2, 26; id. Trin. 4, 2, 25: apud ignem adsidere, Turp. ap. Non. p. 522, 26 (Com. Rel. p. 100 Rib.); Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 86, 16:

    navem is fregit apud Andrum insulam,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 17:

    apud Tenedum pugna illa navalis,

    Cic. Arch. 21:

    ut apud Salamina classem suam constituerent,

    Nep. Them. 3, 4:

    apud oppidum morati,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 7:

    agri in Hispania apud Karthaginem Novam,

    Cic. Agr. 1, 5:

    bellatum apud Actium,

    Tac. H. 1, 1; 1, 72; 3, 76:

    Pugnabant alii tardis apud Ilion armis,

    Ov. R. Am. 163:

    morabatur in castris apud Galgalam,

    Vulg. Jos. 10, 6:

    quidquid apud durae cessatum est moenia Trojae,

    Verg. A. 11, 288:

    apud vetustam turrem, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 189 Rib.: apud castellum consedisse,

    Tac. A. 4, 25:

    Vitellianos, sua quemque apud signa, componunt,

    id. H. 3, 35:

    apud vexillum tendentes,

    id. A. 1, 17:

    trepidatur apud naves,

    id. H. 2, 15:

    hostis est non apud Anienem, sed in urbe,

    Cic. Mur. 84; id. Fam. 2, 10, 5:

    quam detraxerat apud rapidum Simoenta sub Ilio alto,

    Verg. A. 5, 261:

    apud abunaantem amnem et rapidas undas Inachi, Att., Trag. Rel. p. 175 Rib.: apud gelidi flumina Hebri,

    Verg. A. 12, 331:

    octo apud Rhenum legiones,

    Tac. A. 1, 3:

    apud ripam Rheni,

    id. ib. 2, 83:

    probavi te apud Aquam Contradictionis,

    Vulg. Psa. 80, 8:

    repertus apud fretum Siciliae,

    Tac. A. 6, 14:

    propitiata Juno apud proximum mare,

    id. ib. 15, 44:

    apud promunturium Miseni consedit in villa,

    id. ib. 6, 50:

    Ut aput nivem et ferarum gelida stabula forem, for in nive etc.,

    Cat. 63, 53 Mull.:

    apud altaria deum pepigere,

    before, Tac. A. 11, 9:

    decernuntur supplicationes apud omnia pulvinaria,

    id. ib. 14, 12 (cf.:

    unum diem circa omnia pulvinaria supplicatio fuit,

    Liv. 41, 9):

    apud Caesaris effigiem procubuit,

    Tac. A. 12, 17; 13, 23:

    quartum apud lapidem substiterat,

    id. ib. 15, 60:

    laudavit ipse apud rostra (for pro rostris),

    Tac. A. 16, 6; so, apud forum (cf.: ad forum under ad, I. A. 3., and in Gr. Sophocl. Trach. 371, pros mesêi agorai;

    on the other hand,

    id. ib. 423, en mesêi agorai; id. ib. 524, têlaugei par ochthôi): Quidam apud forum mihi vendidit, Pomp., Com. Rel. p. 250 Rib.: Ch. Qui scis? By. Apud forum modo e Davo audivi, Ter. And. 2, 1, 2; 1, 5, 18:

    Capuae multa apud forum aedificia de caelo tacta,

    Liv. 41, 9 (Weissenb., in foro):

    quod (templum) apud forum holitorium C. Duilius struxerat,

    Tac. A. 2, 49.—
    B.
    At, in = in with abl. or gen. or abl. of place: CONSVLES SENATVM CONSOLVERVNT N. OCTOB. APVD AEDEM DVELONAI, S. C. de Bacch. I.; so,

    ejus statuam majores apud aedem matris deum consecravisse,

    Tac. A. 4, 64:

    apud villam est,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 1; so Cic. Verr. 4, 22, 48:

    Eum argentum sumpsisse apud Thebas ab danista fenore,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 67:

    deponere apud Solos in delubro pecuniam,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

    ut rationes apud duas civitates possim relinquere,

    id. Att. 6, 7, 2: qui mense Aprili apud Baias essent, id. Fragm. B. 13, 4, 1 B. and K.;

    13, 4, 4 iid.: seditio militum coepta apud Sucronem,

    Liv. 28, 29:

    donum apud Antium statuitur,

    Tac. A. 3, 71:

    bellis civilibus Maecenatem equestris ordinis cunctis apud Romam atque Italiam praeposuit,

    id. ib. 6, 11:

    Titus in consecrando apud Memphim bove Apide diadema gestavit,

    Suet. Tit. 5:

    quod Judaeam praeterveniens apud Hierosolymam non supplicasset,

    id. Aug. 93:

    apud Mediolanum,

    Lact. Mort. Persec. 48:

    eum pugionem apud Capitolium consecravit,

    Tac. A. 15, 74:

    Equitum Romanorum locos sedilibus plebis anteposuit apud Circum,

    id. ib. 15, 32:

    quae (effigies) apud theatrum Pompei locaretur,

    id. ib. 3, 72:

    qui (rei) apud aerarium pependissent,

    Suet. Dom. 9 Roth:

    cujus (scientiae) apiscendae otium apud Rhodum magistrum Thrasullum habuit,

    Tac. A. 6, 20; 4, 14; so Suet. Aug. 92; Eutr. 7, 13:

    ut civitati Cibyraticae apud Asiam subveniretur,

    Tac. A. 4, 13; 4, 18; 16, 15:

    apud Pharsaliam,

    Liv. Epit. 111:

    apud Palaestinam,

    Eutr. 7, 13:

    qui erant apud Helladam,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 8, 9. —
    III.
    Of time.
    A.
    With words denoting time or occasion, in, at (rare):

    apud saeclum prius,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 15:

    aliquem apud judicium persequi,

    at the trial, Cic. Verr. 4, 104.—
    B.
    With words designating persons, with, among, in the time of:

    hostis apud majores nostros is dicebatur, quem nunc etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 12, 36:

    fecerunt hoc multi apud majores nostros,

    id. Verr. 2, 118; 5, 148:

    Fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,

    id. Mur. 36; id. Off. 2, 24, 85; id. Lael. 2, 6:

    Apud antiquos fuit Petron quidam, Cels. praef. 3, 9: aliam apud Fabricios, aliam apud Scipiones pecuniam (fuisse),

    Tac. A. 2, 33.—
    IV.
    For ad with words implying motion (very rare):

    APVT EVM PERVENIRE,

    Inscr. Grut. 786, 5:

    atque apud hunc eo vicinum,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 70:

    Bito apud aurificem,

    Lucil. 30, 66 Mull.: apud legiones venit, Sall. Fragm. ap. Pomp. Commod. Don. p. 395 Lind.:

    (naves) apud insulas longius sitas ejectae,

    Tac. A. 2, 24:

    qui apud Romanos de societate functus est legatione,

    Vulg. 2 Macc. 4, 11.
    Apud has some peculiarities of position, chiefly in Tac.
    (cf. ad, I. fin. b.)
    a.
    It is sometimes placed after its subst.:

    quae fiunt apud fabros, fictores, item alios apud,

    Varr. L. L. 6, 78, p. 104 Mull.:

    Is locus est Cumas aput,

    Lucr. 6, 747 Lachm.:

    montem apud Erycum,

    Tac. A. 4, 43:

    ripam apud Euphratis,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    Misenum apud et Ravennam,

    id. ib. 4, 5 (in Suet. Dom. 9 the editt. vary between aerarium apud and apud aerarium; the latter seems preferable, and is adopted by Oudend., Bremi, Baumg.-Crus., and Roth).—
    b.
    It is sometimes placed between the subst. and adj.:

    barbaras apud gentes,

    Tac. A. 2, 88, 3, 26; 15, 60:

    non modo Graecis in urbibus, sed Romana apud templa,

    id. ib. 14, 14.—
    c.
    Twice in Verg. it stands before the secondary adjunct of its subst.:

    apud durae moenia Trojae, A. 11, 288: apud gelidi flumina Hebri,

    ib. 12, 331. Apud is never found in compound words. V. more on this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 405-416.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > apud

  • 63 Bomtempo, João Domingos

    (1775-1842)
       Portuguese composer who began his musical studies under his father, Francisco Saveiro Bomtempo, the oboist in the royal court of King José I (1750-77). At the age of 14, he became a singer in the Royal Chapel of Bemposta and, after his father's death, took his place as court oboist at age 20. In 1801, he decided to go to France to continue his musical studies instead of Italy, which was the custom in his day. In Paris, he associated with a group of exiled Portuguese liberals from whom he absorbed liberal ideas and became a committed constitutional monarchist. During his time in Paris, he began his career as a virtuoso pianist and, inspired by Clementi, Cramer, and Dussek, wrote his first compositions: the Grande Sonata para Piano, Primeiro Concerto em Mi bemol para Piano e Orquestra, and the Secundo Concerto para Piano.
       After Napoleon's armies were defeated by a combined Portuguese-British army commanded by General Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington), Bomtempo's prospects in France deteriorated and he left for London in 1810, where he was well received and became a well-regarded professor of piano. During this period, he published many compositions, such as the Terceiro Concerto para Piano, and Capricho e Variações Sobre " GodSave the King." Bom-tempo became active in the Masons at this time. In 1813, to celebrate the final defeat of the French, Bomtempo composed a cantata titled Hino Lusitano, with verses by the liberal poet Vicente Pedro Nolasco da Cunha. He also composed the Primeira Grande Sinfonia and the Quarto Concerto para Piano during this period.
       In 1815, Bomtempo returned to Portugal, where he founded a philharmonic society in order to fill a serious lacuna in the musical culture of Portugal. With the return of the royal court from Brazil and the increasing repression of Portuguese Masons, the situation in Lisbon became untenable for liberals. Bomtempo, who favored a constitutional monarch, returned to London, where he dedicated his work to the "Portuguese nation." He returned to Portugal in 1818, where he composed his best-known work: O Requiem: A Memória de Camões. In 1820, he composed a second requiem in memory of General Gomes Freire, the grand master of Portuguese masonry, who was hanged in 1817. In 1822, his philharmonic society began periodic concerts, but these were forbidden by the absolutist King Miguel I (1802-66) in 1828, and Bomtempo took refuge in the Russian consulate in Lisbon, where he lived for five years until a constitutional monarchy was established by King Pedro IV (1798-1834) in 1834.
       With the establishment of constitutionalism, Bomtempo returned to his artistic activities. In 1835, he composed the Segunda Sinfonia e um Libera Me, dedicated to the memory of King Pedro IV who, exhausted from his struggle against his brother during the " War of the Brothers," died soon after returning to the throne. In 1836, Bon-tempo was made music director of the Court Orchestra and professor of piano in the royal music school, where he introduced the musical pedagogy of Clementi. He continued to compose and direct until his death on 18 August 1842.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Bomtempo, João Domingos

  • 64 Theater, Portuguese

       There are two types of theater in Portugal: classical or "serious" theater and light theater, or the Theater of Review, largely the Revistas de Lisboa (Lisbon Reviews). Modern theater, mostly but not exclusively centered in Lisbon, experienced an unfortunate impact from official censorship during the Estado Novo (1926-74). Following laws passed in 1927, the government decreed that, as a cultural activity, any theatrical presentations that were judged "offensive in law, in morality and in decent customs" were prohibited. One consequence that derived from the risk of prohibition was that directors and playwrights began to practice self-censorship. This discouraged liberal and experimental theatrical work, weakened commercial investment in theater, and made employment in much theater a risky business, with indifferent public support.
       Despite these political obstacles and the usual risks and difficulties of producing live theater in competition first with emerging cinema and then with television (which began in any case only after 1957), some good theatrical work flourished. Two of the century's greatest repertory actresses, Amélia Rey-Colaço (1898-1990) and Maria Matos (1890-1962), put together talented acting companies and performed well-received classical theater. Two periods witnessed a brief diminution of censorship: following World War II (1945-47) and during Prime Minister Marcello Caetano's government (1968-74). Although Portuguese playwrights also produced comedies and dramas, some of the best productions reached the stage under the authorship of foreign playwrights: Shakespeare, George Bernard Shaw, Arthur Miller, and others.
       A major new phase of Portuguese serious theater began in the 1960s, with the staging of challenging plays by playwrights José Cardoso Pires, Luis Sttau Monteiro, and Bernardo Santareno. Since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, more funds for experimental theater have become available, and government censorship ceased. As in so much of Western European theater, however, the general public tended to favor not plays with serious content but techno-hits that featured foreign imports, including musicals, or homegrown musicals on familiar themes. Nevertheless, after 1974, the theater scene was enlivened, not only in Lisbon, but also in Oporto, Coimbra, and other cities.
       The Theater of Review, or light theater, was introduced to Portugal in the 19th century and was based largely on French models. Adapted to the Portuguese scene, the Lisbon reviews featured pageantry, costume, comic skits, music (including the ever popular fado), dance, and slapstick humor and satire. Despite censorship, its heyday occurred actually during the Estado Novo, before 1968. Of all the performing arts, the Lisbon reviews enjoyed the greatest freedom from official political censorship. Certain periods featured more limited censorship, as cited earlier (1945-47 and 1968-74). The main venue of the Theater of Review was located in central Lisbon's Parque Mayer, an amusement park that featured four review theaters: Maria Vitória, Variedades, Capitólio, and ABC.
       Many actors and stage designers, as well as some musicians, served their apprenticeship in the Lisbon reviews before they moved into film and television. Noted fado singers, the fadistas, and composers plied their trade in Parque Mayer and built popular followings. The subjects of the reviews, often with provocative titles, varied greatly and followed contemporary social, economic, and even political fashion and trends, but audiences especially liked satire directed against convention and custom. If political satire was not passed by the censor in the press or on television, sometimes the Lisbon reviews, by the use of indirection and allegory, could get by with subtle critiques of some personalities in politics and society. A humorous stereotyping of customs of "the people," usually conceived of as Lisbon street people or naive "country bumpkins," was also popular. To a much greater degree than in classical, serious theater, the Lisbon review audiences steadily supported this form of public presentation. But the zenith of this form of theater had been passed by the late 1960s as audiences dwindled, production expenses rose, and film and television offered competition.
       The hopes that governance under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano would bring a new season of freedom of expression in the light theater or serious theater were dashed by 1970-71, as censorship again bore down. With revolution in the offing, change was in the air, and could be observed in a change of review show title. A Lisbon review show title on the eve of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, was altered from: 'To See, to Hear... and Be Quiet" to the suggestive, "To See, to Hear... and to Talk." The review theater experienced several difficult years after 1980, and virtually ceased to exist in Parque Mayer. In the late 1990s, nevertheless, this traditional form of entertainment underwent a gradual revival. Audiences again began to troop to renovated theater space in the amusement park to enjoy once again new lively and humorous reviews, cast for a new century and applied to Portugal today.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Theater, Portuguese

  • 65 Coade, Eleanor

    [br]
    b. 24 June 1733 Exeter, Devon, England
    d. 18 November 1821 Camberwell, London, England
    [br]
    English proprietor of the Coade Factory, making artificial stone.
    [br]
    Born Elinor Coade, she never married but adopted, as was customary in business in the eighteenth century, the courtesy title of Mrs. Following the bankruptcy and death of her father, George Coade, in Exeter, Eleanor and her mother (also called Eleanor) moved to London and founded the works at Lambeth, South London, in 1769 that later became famous as the Coade factory. The factory was located at King's Arms Stairs, Narrow Wall. During the eighteenth century, several attempts had been made in other businesses to manufacture a durable, malleable artificial stone that would be acceptable to architects for decorative use. These substances were not very successful, but Coade stone was different. Although stories are legion about the secret formula supposedly used in this artificial stone, modern methods have established the exact formula.
    Coade stone was a stoneware ceramic material fired in a kiln. The body was remarkable in that it shrank only 8 per cent in drying and firing: this was achieved by using a combination of china clay, sand, crushed glass and grog (i.e. crushed and ground, previously fired stoneware). The Coade formula thus included a considerable proportion of material that, having been fired once already, was unshrinkable. Mrs Coade's name for the firm, Coade's Lithodipyra Terra-Cotta or Artificial Stone Manufactory (where "Lithodipyra" is a term derived from three Greek words meaning "stone", "twice" and "fire"), made reference to the custom of including such material (such as in Josiah Wedgwood's basalt and jasper ware). The especially low rate of shrinkage rendered the material ideal for making extra-life-size statuary, and large architectural, decorative features to be incorporated into stone buildings.
    Coade stone was widely used for such purposes by leading architects in Britain and Ireland from the 1770s until the 1830s, including Robert Adam, Sir Charles Barry, Sir William Chambers, Sir John Soane, John Nash and James Wyatt. Some architects introduced the material abroad, as far as, for example, Charles Bulfinch's United States Bank in Boston, Massachusetts, and Charles Cameron's redecoration for the Empress Catherine of the great palace Tsarkoe Selo (now Pushkin), near St Petersburg. The material so resembles stone that it is often mistaken for it, but it is so hard and resistant to weather that it retains sharpness of detail much longer than the natural substance. The many famous British buildings where Coade stone was used include the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, Carlton House and the Sir John Soane Museum (all of which are located in London), St George's Chapel at Windsor, Alnwick Castle in Northumberland, and Culzean Castle in Ayrshire, Scotland.
    Apart from the qualities of the material, the Coade firm established a high reputation for the equally fine quality of its classical statuary. Mrs Coade employed excellent craftsmen such as the sculptor John Bacon (1740–99), whose work was mass-produced by the use of moulds. One famous example which was widely reproduced was the female caryatid from the south porch of the Erechtheion on the acropolis of Athens. A drawing of this had appeared in the second edition of Stuart and Revett's Antiquities of Athens in 1789, and many copies were made from the original Coade model; Soane used them more than once, for example on the Bank of England and his own houses in London.
    Eleanor Coade was a remarkable woman, and was important and influential on the neo-classical scene. She had close and amicable relations with leading architects of the day, notably Robert Adam and James Wyatt. The Coade factory was enlarged and altered over the years, but the site was finally cleared during 1949–50 in preparation for the establishment of the 1951 Festival of Britain.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.Kelly, 1990, Mrs Coade's Stone, pub. in conjunction with the Georgian Group (an interesting, carefully written history; includes a detailed appendix on architects who used Coade stone and buildings where surviving work may be seen).
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Coade, Eleanor

  • 66 أهم

    أَهَمُّ \ main: chief; most important: my main reasons. major: greater; very great: The major part of the work is done. principal: main; chief: the principal rivers of Europe. \ الأَهَمُّ مِن كُلّ شَيء \ above all: most importantly; especially: Drive carefully and, above all, keep to your own side of the road. \ أهَمُّ جُزْء \ body: the main part of anything (e.g. a car). \ إِهْمَال \ disuse: lack of use: That old custom has fallen into disuse. negligence: careless behaviour. slackness: slack behaviour. neglect: lack of care and attention. \ نَاتِج عن الإهمال \ careless: caused by lack of care; done without care: a careless mistake; a careless piece of work.

    Arabic-English dictionary > أهم

  • 67 заказ

    1) General subject: commission (особ. художнику), indent, order, purchase order, put-up job (AD), quotation (in an agreement), contract (об убийстве за деньги - жаргон), hit (нападение в качестве мести, особ. за деньги) - жаргон, assignment
    2) Slang: (на что-либо) numbers (a drug order, how much you want of a certain drug or multiple drugs: I texted my dealer numbers)
    3) Engineering: booking, ordering process
    4) Railway term: delivery order
    6) Accounting: bid, business
    7) Information technology: requisition
    8) Oil: procuring
    9) Astronautics: work order
    10) Banking: offer
    11) Perfume: custom
    12) Business: command, job
    13) Programming: acquisition (процесс приобретения системы, программного продукта или программной услуги, cм. ISO/IEC 2382, ГОСТ Р ИСО/МЭК 12207), acquire
    14) Quality control: (повторный) reorder
    15) leg.N.P. order (as in the phrase "made to order")
    16) SAP.tech. ord.
    17) Billiards: call, call shot

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > заказ

  • 68 П-206

    НА ПОБЕГУШКАХ coll PrepP Invar
    1. ( subj-compl with бытье, находиться (subj: human, obj-compl with держать ( obj: human), or nonagreeing postmodif of мальчик, девочка) one performs minor services, small tasks for s.o.
    (to have s.o.) perform minor services, small tasks for one
    X (y Y-a) на побегушках - X runs errands (for Y)
    X fetches and carries (for Y) X does (all) the legwork for Y X is an errand boy (girl) X is a gofer
    Y держит X-a на побегушках = Y keeps X running errands
    Y has made an errand boy (an errand girl, a gofer) out of X
    мальчик (девочка) на побегушках - errand boy (girl)
    gofer.
    И после такой жизни на него (Захара) вдруг навалили тяжелую обузу выносить на плечах службу целого дома! Он и служи барину, и мети, и чисть, он и на побегушках! (Гончаров 1). And after such a life, he (Zakhar) was suddenly burdened with the heavy task of doing the work of a whole household single-handed' He had to look after his master, sweep and clean, and run errands! (1a).
    Тут старуха стала ругаться, что Скороход не чтит абхазские обычаи, по которым старого человека надо уважать, а не держать его на побегушках (Искандер 5). Now the old woman began to scold, saying that Highspeed didn't revere Abkhazian custom, according to which an old person must be respected and not be kept running errands (5a).
    У редактора был денщик, мальчик на побегушках, некий Орлов (Довлатов 1). Не (the editor) had a kind of batman or errand boy named Orlov (1a).
    2. - у кого (the resulting PrepP is subj-compl with бытьв, состоять etc (subj: human) one is under s.o. 's influence or control, fulfills s.o. 's desires, whims without question
    X у Y-a на побегушках = X is at Y's beck and call
    X is at Y's service X waits on Y hand and foot.
    Дома всем заправляют жена и теща, он у них на побегушках. His wife and mother-in-law run everything at home: he's at their beck and call.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > П-206

  • 69 на побегушках

    [PrepP; Invar]
    =====
    1. [subj-compl with быть, находиться (subj: human), obj-compl with держать (obj: human), or nonagreeing postmodif of мальчик, девочка]
    one performs minor services, small tasks for s.o.; (to have s.o.) perform minor services, small tasks for one:
    - X (y Y-a) на побегушках X runs errands (for Y);
    || Y держит X-a на побегушках Y keeps X running errands;
    - Y has made an errand boy (an errand girl, a gofer) out of X;
    || мальчик( девочка) на побегушках errand boy (girl);
    - gofer.
         ♦ И после такой жизни на него [Захара] вдруг навалили тяжелую обузу выносить на плечах службу целого дома! Он и служи барину, и мети, и чисть, он и на побегушках! (Гончаров 1). And after such a life, he [Zakhar] was suddenly burdened with the heavy task of doing the work of a whole household single-handed! He had to look after his master, sweep and clean, and run errands! (1a).
         ♦ Тут старуха стала ругаться, что Скороход не чтит абхазские обычаи, по которым старого человека надо уважать, а не держать его на побегушках (Искандер 5). Now the old woman began to scold, saying that Highspeed didn't revere Abkhazian custom, according to which an old person must be respected and not be kept running errands (5a).
         ♦ У редактора был денщик, мальчик на побегушках, некий Орлов (Довлатов 1). Не [the editor] had a kind of batman or errand boy named Orlov (1a).
    2. на побегушках у кого [the resulting PrepP is subj-compl with быть, состоять etc (subj:
    - human)] one is under s.o.'s influence or control, fulfills s.o.'s desires, whims without question: X у Y-а на побегушках X is at Y's beck and call;
    - X waits on Y hand and foot.
         ♦ Дома всем заправляют жена и тёша, он у них на побегушках. His wife and mother-in-law run everything at home: he's at their beck and call.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > на побегушках

  • 70 bemühen

    : sich bemühen
    < Geschäft> endeavor (AE), endeavour (BE) ■ sich bemühen um 1. < Geschäft> solicit; 2. < Person> Arbeitsstelle, Beförderung go for, work at
    * * *
    bemühen, Anwalt
    to consult a lawyer;
    sich um Aufträge bemühen to canvass orders;
    sich um Auslandshilfe bemühen to scramble for aid;
    sich intensiv um Kunden bemühen to rub shoulders with clients;
    sich um seine Kundschaft bemühen to solicit one’s custom;
    sich persönlich bemühen to apply in person;
    sich ernsthaft um eine Stellung bemühen to try hard for a job;
    sich um einen Submissionsvertrag bemühen to tender for a supply of goods.

    Business german-english dictionary > bemühen

  • 71 Einteilung

    Einteilung f 1. GEN classification, planning (Arbeit); 2. MGT subdivision
    * * *
    f 1. < Geschäft> Arbeit classification, planning; 2. < Mgmnt> subdivision
    * * *
    Einteilung
    division, distribution, (Anordnung) disposition, arrangement, (Klassifizierung) graduation, classification;
    Einteilung der Arbeit planning of one’s work;
    Einteilung der Außenstände nach Fälligkeit aging accounts;
    Einteilung in Frachttarifzonen freight classification;
    Einteilung in Gefahrenklassen (Versicherung) classification of risks;
    Einteilung der Waggons nach Klassen classification of cars;
    Einteilung von Waren in Zolltarife classification of goods in custom tariffs;
    Einteilung in Zonen zoning, zonation;
    keine Einteilung haben (in finanziellen Dingen) to be a bad manager.

    Business german-english dictionary > Einteilung

  • 72 Gesetz

    Gesetz n POL, RECHT (BE) Act of Parliament, (AE) Act of Congress (Gesetzgebung); law, act, statute (geltendes Recht); lex (Latein) das Gesetz einhalten RECHT respect the law, abide by the law das Gesetz zwingt niemanden, Unmögliches zu tun RECHT lex non cogit ad impossibilia dem Gesetz zuwiderhandeln RECHT fail to observe the law, contravene the law durch Gesetz RECHT by statute (geschriebenes Recht, Statut, Satzung) ein Gesetz abschaffen RECHT repeal a law ein Gesetz aufheben RECHT repeal a law ein Gesetz beschließen RECHT pass a law, carry a law ein Gesetz verletzen RECHT fall foul of the law, violate the law gegen das Gesetz RECHT against the law, unlawful, illegal gegen das Gesetz verstoßen RECHT break the law nicht nach dem Gesetz handeln RECHT fail to observe the law vor dem Gesetz RECHT in the eyes of the law
    * * *
    n <Pol, Recht> Gesetzgebung Act of Parliament (BE), Act of Congress (AE) geltendes Recht law, act, statute Latin lex ■ das Gesetz einhalten < Recht> respect the law, abide by the law ■ das Gesetz zwingt niemanden, Unmögliches zu tun < Recht> lex non cogit ad impossibilia ■ dem Gesetz zuwiderhandeln < Recht> fail to observe the law, contravene the law ■ durch Gesetz < Recht> geschriebenes Recht, Statut, Satzung by statute ■ ein Gesetz abschaffen < Recht> repeal a law ■ ein Gesetz aufheben < Recht> repeal a law ■ ein Gesetz verletzen < Recht> fall foul of the law, violate the law ■ nicht nach dem Gesetz handeln < Recht> fail to observe the law ■ vor dem Gesetz < Recht> in the eyes of the law
    * * *
    Gesetz
    law, parliamentary act, (Erlass) act, enactment, decree, (Gesetzesvorlage) bill;
    aufgrund eines Gesetzes by virtue of a law;
    im Sinne dieses Gesetzes within the meaning of this law;
    kraft Gesetzes by operation of law;
    nach bestehenden Gesetzen under existing laws;
    nicht den Gesetzen des Gastlandes unterworfen extraterritorial;
    vom Gesetz vorgeschrieben mandatory;
    anwendbares Gesetz law applicable;
    aufgehobenes Gesetz extinct law;
    von der Regierung eingebrachtes Gesetz administration bill (US);
    im Verordnungswege erlassenes Gesetz decree law;
    eurobezogene Gesetze euro-related legislation;
    gewerbepolizeiliches Gesetz Factory Act (Br.);
    gültiges Gesetz operative (established) law;
    ökonomisches Gesetz economic law;
    rückwirkendes Gesetz ex-post-facto (retroactive) law;
    umweltpolitische Gesetze environmental legislation;
    ungültiges Gesetz dead law;
    verbrauchsbeschränkendes Gesetz sumptuary law;
    zwingendes Gesetz binding law;
    Gesetz von Angebot und Nachfrage general law of demand, law of supply and demand;
    Gesetz über Arbeitsverträge (Finnland) Contracts of Employment Act;
    Gesetz über die Arbeitsumgebung Work Environment Act;
    Gesetz zur Aufrechterhaltung der Vollbeschäftigung Employment Act (US);
    Gesetz über Bausparkassen Building Societies Act (Br.);
    Gesetz zur Bekämpfung von Verbrechen und Aufruhr Crime and Disorder Act (Br.);
    Gesetz zur Beschränkung der Gastwirtshaftung Hotel Proprietors Act (Br.);
    Gesetz über die Beziehungen zwischen den Rassen Race Relations Act (Br.);
    Gesetz vom abnehmenden Bodenertrag law of diminishing returns;
    Gesetz über das Bundesaufsichtsamt für das Versicherungswesen Federal Credit Union Act (US);
    Gesetz über die Diskriminierung Behinderter Disability Discrimination Act (Br.);
    Gesetz des Durchschnittsprofits law of average profit;
    Gesetz zur Einführung der Sommerzeit Daylight Saving Act (Br.);
    Gesetz über ungerechtfertigte Entlassung (Irland) Unfair Dismissal Act;
    Gesetz der seltenen Ereignisse Poisson distribution;
    Gesetz über die Errichtung gemeinnütziger Stiftungen Charities Act (Br.);
    Gesetz vom abnehmenden Ertragszuwachs law of returns to scale;
    Gesetz der Europäischen Gemeinschaften European Communities Bill;
    Gesetz in der Fassung vom... law as amended on...;
    Gesetz zur Finanzierung des sozialen Wohnungsbaues Housing Finance Act (Br.);
    Gesetz über die Gemeinschaftsaufgabe zur Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur Town and Country Planning Act (Br.);
    Gesetz über die Gleichberechtigung im Erwerbsleben (Irland) Employment Equality Act;
    Gesetz des abnehmenden Grenznutzens law of diminishing utility;
    Gesetz der abnehmenden Grenzproduktivität law of diminishing marginal productivity;
    Gesetz zum Jugendschutz im Internet Children‘s On-line Privacy Protection Act (COPPA);
    Gesetz der komparativen Kosten law of comparative costs;
    Gesetz mit rückwirkender Kraft retrospective law;
    Gesetz über eingetragene gleichgeschlechtliche Lebensgemeinschaften (Dänemark) law on registered same-sex partnerships;
    Gesetz über Lebensversicherungsanstalten Assurance Companies Act (Br.);
    Gesetz über Löhne, Arbeitszeit und Arbeitsbedingungen Fair Labor Standards Act (US);
    Gesetz über die Neufestsetzung von Einheitswerten Rating and Valuation Act (Br.);
    Gesetz über die öffentliche Ordnung Public Order Act (Br.);
    Gesetz über die Preisbindung von Markenartikeln Fair Trading (Br.) (Fair Trade, US) Act;
    Gesetz über die Rechte und Pflichten von Hotelinhabern (Irland) Hotel Proprietors’ Act;
    Gesetze und [Rechts]verordnungen laws and regulations;
    Gesetz zur Regelung von Entlassungsabfindungen Redundancy Payments Act (Br.);
    Gesetz zur Regelung von Lebensgemeinschaften partnership law;
    Gesetz über Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz Occupational Safety Act;
    Gesetz über Sozialversicherungsabgaben Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) (US);
    Gesetz über die Steigerung der Arbeitsproduktivität law of growth of productivity;
    Gesetz zum Verbot der Aufwiegelung zu Hass (Irland) Prohibition of Incitement to Hatred Act;
    Gesetz zur Verhütung von Kapitalanlagenbetrug Prevention of Fraud Act (Br.);
    Gesetz über Versicherungsgesellschaften Insurance Companies Act (Br.);
    Gesetz über Videoaufzeichnungen Video Recordings Act;
    Gesetz zur Wahrung des Bankgeheimnisses banking secrecy law;
    Gesetze gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb Unfair Trade Practices Acts (US);
    Gesetz abändern to amend a bill, to revise a law;
    Gesetz ablehnen (parl.) to kill a bill;
    Gesetz annehmen to carry a law;
    dem Gesetz Gewalt antun to strain a law;
    Gesetz mit aller Strenge anwenden to put a law in force with all its rigo(u)r;
    Gesetz aufheben to repeal (abolish, abrogate) a law;
    Gesetz auslegen to construe (expound) a law;
    Gesetz befolgen to comply with a law;
    Gesetz nicht befolgen to disobey the law;
    Gesetz beschließen (parl.) to carry (pass) a bill;
    Gesetz durchpeitschen to jam a bill through Congress (US), to rattle (rush) a bill through the House (Br.);
    Gesetz einbringen to introduce (table, Br.) a bill;
    schärfere Gesetze erfordern to demand ever-stricter laws;
    Gewohnheitsrecht zum Gesetz erheben to erect a custom into law;
    in den Anwendungsbereich eines Gesetzes fallen to come under the provisions of a law;
    Lücke im Gesetz finden to find a loophole in the law;
    Gesetz wirkungslos machen to make a law of no effect;
    im Gesetz nachlesen to read up in a law;
    Schutz eines Gesetzes in Anspruch nehmen to claim the benefit of a law;
    Gesetz außer Kraft setzen to invalidate (rescind) an act;
    Gesetz vorübergehend außer Kraft setzen to suspend the operation of a law;
    Gesetz in Kraft setzen to give effect to a law, to put a law into force;
    Gesetz umgehen to get around (dodge, circumvent) a law;
    Gesetz verabschieden to carry (pass) a bill, to pass an act;
    Gesetz über Lebensgemeinschaften verabschieden to adopt a law on domestic partnerships;
    gegen ein Gesetz verstoßen to violate (offend against) a law;
    gegen den Geist eines Gesetzes verstoßen to circumvent the spirit of a law;
    Gesetz verwässern to water down a bill;
    dem Gesetz zuwiderhandeln to run counter to a law;
    Gesetzabänderungsvorschlag einbringen to give notice of an amendment [to a bill];
    Gesetzänderung amendment [to a bill];
    Gesetzannahme carrying (passage) of a bill;
    Gesetzantrag [draft for a parliamentary] bill;
    Gesetzantrag nicht durchbringen to lose a bill;
    Gesetzanwendung law enforcement;
    entsprechende Gesetzanwendung equity of a statute;
    Gesetzauslegung interpretation of a law;
    Gesetzberatung reading of a bill;
    Gesetzblatt Official Register (US) (Gazette, Br.);
    Gesetzbuch statute book, code.

    Business german-english dictionary > Gesetz

  • 73 Muster

    Muster n 1. COMP pattern; 2. GEN pattern, sample, template; 3. PAT design; 4. V&M sample, pattern, model
    * * *
    n 1. < Comp> pattern; 2. < Geschäft> pattern, sample, template; 3. < Patent> design; 4. <V&M> pattern, model
    * * *
    Muster
    (Form) pattern, set form, device, shape, figure, (Gebrauchsmuster) design, pattern [sample], patterned sample, (Modell) model, copy, prototype, (Norm) norm, standard, (Textilwaren) figure, (Type) type, (Vorbild) paragon, mirror, example, (Warenprobe) sample, trial piece, specimen;
    dem Muster entsprechend up to sample;
    laut Muster, mit dem Muster übereinstimmend true to specimen;
    nach Muster according to pattern (sample), on the model (lines);
    nach dem Muster von on the pattern (model) of;
    schlechter als das Muster inferior to sample;
    streng nach Muster strictly up to sample;
    auf Bestellung angefertigtes Muster custom design;
    anhängende Muster annexed (attached) samples;
    aufdringliches Muster loud pattern;
    beigefügtes Muster attached sample;
    zu buntes Muster loud design;
    eingetragenes Muster registered pattern (design, Br.);
    einheitliches Muster standard pattern;
    gängiges Muster conventional design;
    gewerbliches Muster industrial design;
    vor Absendung der Ware gezogenes Muster preshipment sample;
    kostenloses Muster free sample;
    ungeschütztes Muster open pattern;
    unverkäufliches Muster free sample;
    nicht verkäufliche Muster models not on sale;
    verschiedene Muster sundry samples;
    verschlossenes Muster sealed sample;
    vorgelegtes Muster sample displayed;
    wiederkehrendes Muster repeated pattern;
    Muster auf Anfrage kostenlos free samples on request;
    Muster unter versiegeltem Verschluss sealed sample;
    Muster ohne Wert (Postversand) samples [only], no commercial value (US), by pattern (sample) post;
    Muster abschneiden to cut off a sample;
    mit Mustern verschiedene Versuche anstellen to put samples through a series of tests;
    nach einem Muster arbeiten to work from a pattern;
    Muster stichprobenartig auswählen to select a specimen at random;
    nach dem Muster bestellen to order goods from sample;
    als Muster dienen to serve as a model;
    Muster einsehen to have a look at the patterns;
    dem Muster entsprechen to correspond to pattern, to be up to (match the, correspond to the) sample;
    dem Muster nicht entsprechen not to be up to pattern;
    sich auf ein Muster festlegen to decide on a pattern;
    einem absehbaren Muster folgen to follow a predictable pattern;
    nach ausländischen Mustern gestalten to foreignize;
    etw. nach dem Muster kaufen to buy s. th. from sample;
    Muster nehmen to draw samples;
    als Muster ohne Wert senden (verschicken) to send as samples of no value;
    mit dem Muster übereinstimmen to match the sample;
    mit Mustern versehen to pattern;
    Muster vorführen to wait on with patterns;
    Muster vorlegen to submit samples;
    Muster ziehen to draw (take) samples, to sample;
    Muster zusammenstellen to arrange patterns, to assort (make up a collection of) samples;
    Musterabänderung modification of a design;
    Musterabkommen model convention;
    Musteranforderungskarte sample request card;
    Musteranfrage request for pattern;
    Musterangebot sample offer;
    Musteranlage pilot project;
    Musteranmeldung application for registration as design;
    Musterarbeitsvertrag model employment contract;
    Musterauftrag trial order;
    Musterbedingungen standard form contract conditions;
    Musterbeispiel [prime] example;
    Musterbericht standard report;
    Musterbestellung sample order;
    Musterbestimmungen eines Vertrages model conditions of contract;
    Musterbetrieb model enterprise (plant, workshop), pilot plant;
    landwirtschaftlicher Musterbetrieb model (demonstration) farm;
    Musterbeutel mailing bag;
    Musterbilanz standard balance sheet;
    Musterbrief form (US) (sample, standard, specimen) letter;
    Musterbuch specimen (pattern, sample, design) book, book of patterns;
    charakteristische Mustereigenschaften design requirements;
    Mustereintragung sample entry;
    Musterentnahme sampling;
    Mustererkennungssoftware pattern recognition software;
    Musteretat guideline budget;
    Musterexemplar pattern, sample, specimen [copy], prototype, showpiece;
    Musterfarm demonstration (model) farm;
    Musterformular specimen (sample) form;
    vollständige Mustergarnitur full set of samples.

    Business german-english dictionary > Muster

  • 74 Praxis

    f; -, Praxen
    1. nur Sg. practice (auch Handhabung); (Brauch) auch usage; (Erfahrung) experience; ( Verbindung von) Theorie und Praxis (combination of) theory and practice; in der Praxis in practice, in reality; in die Praxis umsetzen put into practice; (Plan) put into effect; nicht in die Praxis umsetzbar impracticable; langjährige Praxis long years of experience; mir fehlt die Praxis I haven’t got the experience, I need more experience; Praxis im Umgang mit Computern hands-on experience with computers; ein Beispiel aus der Praxis a concrete ( oder real-life) example, auch a case I have experienced myself
    2. eines Arztes etc.: practice; (Raum) auch consulting room; Brit., MED. auch surgery, Am. doctor’s office; eine gut gehende Praxis a thriving ( oder flourishing) practice; eine eigene Praxis eröffnen open one’s own practice
    * * *
    die Praxis
    (Arztpraxis) surgery; doctor's surgery; medical practice;
    (Erfahrung) practice; experience
    * * *
    Prạ|xis ['praksɪs]
    f -, Pra\#xen
    ['praxn]
    1) no pl practice; (= Erfahrung) experience; (= Brauch) practice, custom

    in der Praxisin practice

    etw in die Praxis umsetzento put sth into practice

    ein Mann der Praxis — a man with practical experience

    ein Beispiel aus der Praxisan example from real life

    das lernt man erst durch die or in der Praxis —

    seine langjährige künstlerische Praxishis long years of artistic experience

    2) (eines Arztes, Rechtsanwalts) practice; (= Behandlungsräume) surgery (Brit), doctor's office (US); (= Anwaltsbüro) office
    3) (= Sprechstunde) consultation (hour), surgery (Brit)
    * * *
    die
    1) (the actual doing of something, as opposed to the theory or idea: In theory the plan should work, but in practice there are a lot of difficulties.) practice
    2) (a doctor's or lawyer's business: He has a practice in Southampton.) practice
    * * *
    Pra·xis
    <-, Praxen>
    [ˈpraksɪs, pl ˈpraksən]
    f
    1. (Arztpraxis) practice, surgery BRIT, doctor's office; (Anwaltsbüro) office, practice
    2. kein pl (praktische Erfahrung) [practical] experience
    langjährige \Praxis many years of experience
    3. kein pl (praktische Anwendung) practice no art
    in der \Praxis in practice
    etw in die \Praxis umsetzen to put sth into practice; s.a. Mann
    * * *
    die; Praxis, Praxen
    1) o. Pl. (im Unterschied zur Theorie) practice no art.
    2) o. Pl. (Erfahrung) [practical] experience
    3) (eines Arztes, Anwalts, Psychologen usw.) practice
    4) (Praxisräume) (eines Arztes) surgery (Brit.); office (Amer.); (eines Anwalts, Psychologen usw.) office
    5) (Handhabung) procedure
    * * *
    Praxis f; -, Praxen
    1. nur sg practice (auch Handhabung); (Brauch) auch usage; (Erfahrung) experience;
    (Verbindung von) Theorie und Praxis (combination of) theory and practice;
    in der Praxis in practice, in reality;
    in die Praxis umsetzen put into practice; (Plan) put into effect;
    langjährige Praxis long years of experience;
    mir fehlt die Praxis I haven’t got the experience, I need more experience;
    Praxis im Umgang mit Computern hands-on experience with computers;
    ein Beispiel aus der Praxis a concrete ( oder real-life) example, auch a case I have experienced myself
    2. eines Arztes etc: practice; (Raum) auch consulting room; Br, MED auch surgery, US doctor’s office;
    eine gut gehende Praxis a thriving ( oder flourishing) practice;
    eine eigene Praxis eröffnen open one’s own practice
    * * *
    die; Praxis, Praxen
    1) o. Pl. (im Unterschied zur Theorie) practice no art.
    2) o. Pl. (Erfahrung) [practical] experience
    3) (eines Arztes, Anwalts, Psychologen usw.) practice
    4) (Praxisräume) (eines Arztes) surgery (Brit.); office (Amer.); (eines Anwalts, Psychologen usw.) office
    5) (Handhabung) procedure
    * * *
    -en f.
    practice n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Praxis

  • 75 praxis

    f; -, Praxen
    1. nur Sg. practice (auch Handhabung); (Brauch) auch usage; (Erfahrung) experience; ( Verbindung von) Theorie und Praxis (combination of) theory and practice; in der Praxis in practice, in reality; in die Praxis umsetzen put into practice; (Plan) put into effect; nicht in die Praxis umsetzbar impracticable; langjährige Praxis long years of experience; mir fehlt die Praxis I haven’t got the experience, I need more experience; Praxis im Umgang mit Computern hands-on experience with computers; ein Beispiel aus der Praxis a concrete ( oder real-life) example, auch a case I have experienced myself
    2. eines Arztes etc.: practice; (Raum) auch consulting room; Brit., MED. auch surgery, Am. doctor’s office; eine gut gehende Praxis a thriving ( oder flourishing) practice; eine eigene Praxis eröffnen open one’s own practice
    * * *
    die Praxis
    (Arztpraxis) surgery; doctor's surgery; medical practice;
    (Erfahrung) practice; experience
    * * *
    Prạ|xis ['praksɪs]
    f -, Pra\#xen
    ['praxn]
    1) no pl practice; (= Erfahrung) experience; (= Brauch) practice, custom

    in der Praxisin practice

    etw in die Praxis umsetzento put sth into practice

    ein Mann der Praxis — a man with practical experience

    ein Beispiel aus der Praxisan example from real life

    das lernt man erst durch die or in der Praxis —

    seine langjährige künstlerische Praxishis long years of artistic experience

    2) (eines Arztes, Rechtsanwalts) practice; (= Behandlungsräume) surgery (Brit), doctor's office (US); (= Anwaltsbüro) office
    3) (= Sprechstunde) consultation (hour), surgery (Brit)
    * * *
    die
    1) (the actual doing of something, as opposed to the theory or idea: In theory the plan should work, but in practice there are a lot of difficulties.) practice
    2) (a doctor's or lawyer's business: He has a practice in Southampton.) practice
    * * *
    Pra·xis
    <-, Praxen>
    [ˈpraksɪs, pl ˈpraksən]
    f
    1. (Arztpraxis) practice, surgery BRIT, doctor's office; (Anwaltsbüro) office, practice
    2. kein pl (praktische Erfahrung) [practical] experience
    langjährige \Praxis many years of experience
    3. kein pl (praktische Anwendung) practice no art
    in der \Praxis in practice
    etw in die \Praxis umsetzen to put sth into practice; s.a. Mann
    * * *
    die; Praxis, Praxen
    1) o. Pl. (im Unterschied zur Theorie) practice no art.
    2) o. Pl. (Erfahrung) [practical] experience
    3) (eines Arztes, Anwalts, Psychologen usw.) practice
    4) (Praxisräume) (eines Arztes) surgery (Brit.); office (Amer.); (eines Anwalts, Psychologen usw.) office
    5) (Handhabung) procedure
    * * *
    …praxis f im subst
    1. (Räume etc):
    Landarztpraxis country practice;
    Naturheilpraxis hom(o)eopathic practice
    Berufspraxis professional experience;
    Spielpraxis playing experience;
    Unterrichtspraxis teaching experience
    * * *
    die; Praxis, Praxen
    1) o. Pl. (im Unterschied zur Theorie) practice no art.
    2) o. Pl. (Erfahrung) [practical] experience
    3) (eines Arztes, Anwalts, Psychologen usw.) practice
    4) (Praxisräume) (eines Arztes) surgery (Brit.); office (Amer.); (eines Anwalts, Psychologen usw.) office
    5) (Handhabung) procedure
    * * *
    -en f.
    practice n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > praxis

  • 76 Maßarbeit

    Maßarbeit
    bespoke (Br.) (custom, US) work.

    Business german-english dictionary > Maßarbeit

  • 77 sich Kundschaft erwerben

    sich Kundschaft erwerben
    to build up custom, to get business, to work up a connection

    Business german-english dictionary > sich Kundschaft erwerben

  • 78 hábito1

    1 = habit, practice.
    Ex. This feature, portability, can be a mixed blessing-things which can be moved have a habit of disappearing.
    Ex. This practice ensures that a later match can be achieved between the document and its description.
    ----
    * abandonar un hábito = stop + habit.
    * caer en un hábito = lapse into + habit.
    * cultivar los hábitos de lectura = cultivate + reading habits.
    * dejar el hábito = kick + the habit.
    * dejar un hábito = stop + habit.
    * fomento del hábito de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * fomento del hábito lector = reading promotion.
    * hábito alimentario = eating habit.
    * hábito alimenticio = eating habit.
    * hábito de búsqueda de información = information-seeking habit.
    * hábito de citación = citing habit.
    * hábito de compra = shopping habit, buying habit, purchasing habit, consumption habit.
    * hábito de consumo = shopping habit, buying habit, purchasing habit, consumption habit.
    * hábito de consumo de alcohol = drinking practice, drinking habit.
    * hábito de la lectura = reading habit.
    * hábito de publicación = publishing habit.
    * hábito de trabajo = work habit, working habit.
    * hábito de uso = usage pattern, use pattern.
    * hábito informativo = information habit.
    * hábito lector = reading habit.
    * hábito personal = personal habit.
    * hábito saludable = healthy habit.
    * hábitos de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].
    * hábito social = social pattern, social custom.
    * perder el hábito = lose + the habit.
    * Posesivo + viejos hábitos = Posesivo + old ways.
    * que crea hábito = addictive.
    * reformar malos hábitos = reform + bad habits.
    * tener el hábito de = have + the habit of.

    Spanish-English dictionary > hábito1

  • 79 nacer

    v.
    1 to be born (venir al mundo) (niño, animal).
    al nacer at birth
    ¿dónde naciste? — nací en Brasil where were you born? — I was born in Brazil
    nacer de/en to be born of/in
    nacer de familia humilde to be born into a poor family
    nacer para algo to be born for something
    ha nacido cantante she's a born singer
    Nací libre I was born free.
    2 to grow (surgir) (pelo).
    3 to come to life.
    4 to be hatched, to hatch.
    5 to be born to.
    Nos nació un hijo A son was born to us.
    * * *
    (c changes to zc before a and o)
    Present Indicative
    nazco, naces, nace, nacemos, nacéis, nacen.
    Present Subjunctive
    Imperative
    nace (tú), nazca (él/Vd.), nazcamos (nos.), naced (vos.), nazcan (ellos/Vds.).
    * * *
    verb
    2) rise
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) [persona, animal] to be born; [ave, insecto, reptil] to hatch
    - volver a nacer
    2) [planta] [gen] to sprout, bud; (=aparecer) to come up; [pelo, plumas] to grow, sprout
    3) [estrella, sol] to rise; [día] to dawn
    4) [agua] to spring up, appear, begin to flow; [camino] to begin, start (de from) (en in)
    5) [revolución, miedo] to spring (de from)
    [idea] to come (de from) originate, have its origin (de, en in)

    el error nace del hecho de que... — the error springs o stems from the fact that...

    ¿de dónde nace la idea? — where does the idea come from?

    6)

    nacer a: con esa exposición nació a la vida artística — that exhibition saw the beginning of his artistic career

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    1)
    a) niño/animal to be born

    ¿dónde naciste? — where were you born?

    nació en el Perú, de padres españoles — she was born in Peru to o of Spanish parents

    nacer para algo/+ inf — to be born to + inf

    nacer parado — (Chi, Ven fam) to have the luck of the devil (colloq)

    no nací ayerI wasn't born yesterday

    b) pollito/insecto to hatch
    c) hoja/rama to sprout
    d) río to have its source; carretera to start
    e) pelo/plumas to grow
    2)
    a) ( surgir)

    nacer de algoproblema/situación to arise o spring from something

    nacer de alguienidea/iniciativa

    b) (liter) ( iniciarse)
    * * *
    = be born, spring, come into + the world, see + the light of day.
    Ex. When using a 32-entry miniature catalog it is not necessary to know that I was born in 1914 to differentiate me from 31 other entries.
    Ex. My point is that all literature, every example we can think of, depends for its existence on the tradition out of which it springs -- even the most avant of the avant-garde.
    Ex. No one comes into the world already disposed for or against words in print.
    Ex. The article 'OSI: will it ever see the light of day?' concludes that the promise of OSI has been bold and ambitious but that its delivery has been significantly delayed beyond its initial projections = El artículo "OSI: ¿ verá alguna vez la luz del día?" concluye que la promesa de OSI ha sido osada y ambiciosa pero que su publicación se ha visto retrasada considerablemente por encima de las previsiones iniciales.
    ----
    * al nacer = at birth.
    * bebé que nace muerto = stillbirth [still-birth].
    * conforme + nacer = at birth.
    * en cuanto + nacer = at birth.
    * grandes robles nacen de pequeñas bellotas = great oaks from little acorns grow.
    * nacer prematuramente = be prematurely born.
    * nacido en = born in.
    * niños nacidos fuera del matrimonio = children born out of the wedlock.
    * persona nacida después del baby boom = baby buster.
    * persona nacida durante el baby boom = baby boomer.
    * peso al nacer = birthweight.
    * volver a nacer = have + a lucky escape, have + a narrow escape.
    * vuelto a nacer = born again.
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    1)
    a) niño/animal to be born

    ¿dónde naciste? — where were you born?

    nació en el Perú, de padres españoles — she was born in Peru to o of Spanish parents

    nacer para algo/+ inf — to be born to + inf

    nacer parado — (Chi, Ven fam) to have the luck of the devil (colloq)

    no nací ayerI wasn't born yesterday

    b) pollito/insecto to hatch
    c) hoja/rama to sprout
    d) río to have its source; carretera to start
    e) pelo/plumas to grow
    2)
    a) ( surgir)

    nacer de algoproblema/situación to arise o spring from something

    nacer de alguienidea/iniciativa

    b) (liter) ( iniciarse)
    * * *
    = be born, spring, come into + the world, see + the light of day.

    Ex: When using a 32-entry miniature catalog it is not necessary to know that I was born in 1914 to differentiate me from 31 other entries.

    Ex: My point is that all literature, every example we can think of, depends for its existence on the tradition out of which it springs -- even the most avant of the avant-garde.
    Ex: No one comes into the world already disposed for or against words in print.
    Ex: The article 'OSI: will it ever see the light of day?' concludes that the promise of OSI has been bold and ambitious but that its delivery has been significantly delayed beyond its initial projections = El artículo "OSI: ¿ verá alguna vez la luz del día?" concluye que la promesa de OSI ha sido osada y ambiciosa pero que su publicación se ha visto retrasada considerablemente por encima de las previsiones iniciales.
    * al nacer = at birth.
    * bebé que nace muerto = stillbirth [still-birth].
    * conforme + nacer = at birth.
    * en cuanto + nacer = at birth.
    * grandes robles nacen de pequeñas bellotas = great oaks from little acorns grow.
    * nacer prematuramente = be prematurely born.
    * nacido en = born in.
    * niños nacidos fuera del matrimonio = children born out of the wedlock.
    * persona nacida después del baby boom = baby buster.
    * persona nacida durante el baby boom = baby boomer.
    * peso al nacer = birthweight.
    * volver a nacer = have + a lucky escape, have + a narrow escape.
    * vuelto a nacer = born again.

    * * *
    nacer [E3 ]
    vi
    A
    1 «niño/cordero/gato» to be born
    ¿dónde naciste? where were you born?
    pesaba tres kilos al nacer she weighed three kilos at birth
    nacer antes de tiempo to be born prematurely, to be premature
    el niño nació muerto the child was stillborn
    nacer DE algn to be born TO sb
    nació en el Perú, de padres españoles she was born in Peru to o of Spanish parents
    nacer PARA algo:
    yo no nací para esta clase de trabajo I wasn't born to do this kind of work
    nació para (ser) músico he was born to be a musician
    naciste/nació parado (Chi, Ven fam); you have/he has the luck of the devil ( colloq)
    no nací/nació ayer I/he wasn't born yesterday
    volver a nacer or nacer de nuevo to have a lucky escape, be lucky to come out alive
    2 «pollito/insecto» to hatch
    3 «hoja/rama» to sprout
    le han nacido nuevas flores a la planta the plant has produced o grown some new flowers
    4 «río» to rise, have its source; «carretera» to start
    la pinza nace debajo de la manga the dart starts under the sleeve
    5 «pelo/plumas» to grow
    le nacieron alas he sprouted wings
    ya le volverá a nacer el pelo his hair will soon grow back
    B
    1
    (surgir) «sentimiento»: una gran amistad nació entre ellos a great friendship grew o sprang up o developed between them
    a ella no le nace ser amable con la gente being nice to people doesn't come naturally to her
    no me nace ser simpático con él I find it difficult to be nice to him
    2 «problema/situación»: nacer DE algo; to arise o spring FROM sth
    nace de su inseguridad this arises o springs from his insecurity
    3 ( liter) (iniciarse) nacer A algo to be awakened TO sth ( liter)
    nacer al amor to be awakened to love, to experience love for the first time
    * * *

     

    nacer ( conjugate nacer) verbo intransitivo
    1
    a) [niño/animal] to be born;

    ¿dónde naciste? where were you born?;

    al nacer at birth;
    nació para (ser) músico he was born to be a musician
    b) [pollito/insecto] to hatch

    c) [hoja/rama] to sprout


    [ carretera] to start
    e) [pelo/plumas] to grow

    2 ( surgir) [amistad/relación] to spring up;
    nacer de algo [problema/situación] to arise o spring from sth;

    nacer verbo intransitivo
    1 to be born: nació en el mes de julio, she was born in July
    al nacer, at birth
    (ave) to hatch (out)
    2 (pelo, dientes) to begin to grow
    3 (río, manantial) to rise
    4 (originarse) to start: la revuelta nació en Sevilla, the revolt started in Seville
    de su mutua comprensión nació el respeto, respect was born out of a mutual understanding
    5 (tener cualidades) naciste para payaso, you were born to be a clown
    ♦ Locuciones: nacer de pie, to be born under a lucky star
    ' nacer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    volver
    English:
    bear
    - born
    - last
    - rise
    - birth
    - dawn
    - hatch
    - spring
    * * *
    nacer vi
    1. [niño, animal] to be born;
    al nacer at birth;
    pesó al nacer 3.700 g he weighed 3.7 kg at birth;
    ¿dónde naciste? – nací en Brasil where were you born? – I was born in Brazil;
    nacer de familia humilde to be born into a poor family;
    nació de padres italianos she was born of Italian parents, her parents were Italian;
    nacer para algo to be born for sth;
    ha nacido cantante she's a born singer;
    Fam
    tú has nacido cansado you were born lazy;
    no he nacido ayer I wasn't born yesterday;
    nació con un pan debajo del brazo the birth of the child was a blessing for the family;
    Esp Fam
    nació o [m5] ha nacido con una flor en el culo he has the luck of the devil;
    Méx Fam
    el que ha nacido en petate, siempre anda apestando a tule you can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear;
    Ven Fam
    nacer parado to be born lucky;
    Fam Hum
    unos nacen con estrella y otros nacen estrellados fortune smiles on some people and not on others;
    volver a nacer to have a lucky escape
    2. [ave, reptil] to hatch (out)
    3. [planta] to sprout, to begin to grow
    4. [pelo] to grow
    5. [río] to rise, to have its source
    6. [sol, luna] to rise
    7. [originarse]
    la costumbre nació en Italia this custom has its roots in Italy;
    desde aquel momento, nació una gran amistad entre los dos that moment was the beginning of a close friendship between them;
    su nerviosismo nace de su inseguridad his nervousness stems from his insecurity;
    la revolución nació en el norte del país the revolution started in the north of the country;
    el Renacimiento nació en Italia the Renaissance had its origins in Italy
    * * *
    v/i
    1 be born; de un huevo hatch
    2 de una planta sprout
    3 de un río, del sol rise
    4 ( surgir) arise (de from)
    * * *
    nacer {48} vi
    1) : to be born
    nací en Guatemala: I was born in Guatemala
    no nació ayer: he wasn't born yesterday
    2) : to hatch
    3) : to bud, to sprout
    4) : to rise, to originate
    5)
    nacer para algo : to be born to be something
    6)
    volver a nacer : to have a lucky escape
    * * *
    nacer vb
    1. (persona, animal) to be born
    ¿cuándo naciste? when were you born?
    2. (planta) to grow [pt. grew; pp. grown]
    3. (pollito) to hatch

    Spanish-English dictionary > nacer

  • 80 tradicional1

    1 = time-honoured, traditional, established, old-fashioned, tradition-bound, ancestral, standard, conventional, folkloristic, folkloric, tweedy [tweedier -comp., tweediest -sup.], brick(s) and mortar, timeworn.
    Ex. The time-honoured training institution 'sitting with Nellie' is not much good if Nellie's competence is not up to scratch.
    Ex. It may well be that the computer-based environment of such systems may overcome many of the limitations of enumerative classification schemes in their traditional applications.
    Ex. These are trends designed to to break down boundaries of exclusivity erected by established professions to exploit their monopolistic advantages.
    Ex. One is tempted to say that the enthusiasts for postcoordinate systems, being forced to admit reluctantly that control was necessary, couldn't bear to use the old-fashioned term 'list of subject headings'.
    Ex. Tradition-bound acquisitions librarians may soon find themselves expendable -- acceptance of new technologies is essential for the survival of the acquisitions librarian.
    Ex. All the libraries reflect colonial influence but there is a strong movement towards the study of their ancestral heritage.
    Ex. Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.
    Ex. The foregoing discussion concerning analytical entries assumes implicitly a conventional catalogue format, that is, card, microform or other printed catalogue.
    Ex. The cult of information forms the catalyst for a discussion of the ways in which information has acquired folkloristic status as the major way in which people look at the world.
    Ex. Such recordings often originate in field work and are ethnomusicological, ethnolinguistic or folkloric in content.
    Ex. No bright new digital firm can do without at least some of the supposedly decrepit bureaucracy it so abhors in the old tweedy institutions it wants to replace.
    Ex. Advocates of the virtual university assume that the Internet can be used to replace the bricks and mortar campus.
    Ex. But beyond the honeymoon hotels and resorts, Polynesian life goes on and timeworn traditions are preserved.
    ----
    * arte tradicional = folk art.
    * biblioteca tradicional = brick and mortar library.
    * biblioteca traditional = physical library.
    * costumbre tradicional = traditional custom.
    * cultura tradicional = traditional culture.
    * estilo tradicional = traditional style.
    * literatura tradicional = folk literature.
    * mercado tradicional = traditional market.
    * modo de vida tradicional = folklife.
    * museo tradicional = folk museum, folklore museum.
    * no tradicional = non-traditional [nontraditional].
    * ya tradicional = long-established.

    Spanish-English dictionary > tradicional1

См. также в других словарях:

  • custom — I. noun Etymology: Middle English custume, from Anglo French, from Latin consuetudin , consuetudo, from consuescere to accustom, from com + suescere to accustom; akin to suus one s own more at suicide Date: 13th century 1. a. a usage or practice… …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Custom House Tower — General information Type Hotel Location 3 McKinley Square, Boston, Massachusetts …   Wikipedia

  • Custom Robo (Nintendo GameCube) — Custom Robo North American cover art Developer(s) Noise, Nintendo Publisher(s) …   Wikipedia

  • Custom Robo Arena — North American boxart Developer(s) Noise Publisher(s) …   Wikipedia

  • Custom Coaches — is an Australian bus manufacturing company started in 1935 in Guildford, New South Wales, Australia as the Cycle Components Manufacturing Company by Stanley James Hillsdon. Contents 1 Origins 2 Cycle Components Manufacturing Company 3 …   Wikipedia

  • Custom Built (album) — Custom Built Studio album by Bret Michaels Released July 6, 2010 ( …   Wikipedia

  • Custom car — 32 3 window with a classic style flame job and Moon tank, very reminiscent of Chapouris California Kid …   Wikipedia

  • work, history of the organization of — Introduction       history of the methods by which society structures the activities and labour necessary to its survival. work is essential in providing the basic physical needs of food, clothing, and shelter. But work involves more than the use …   Universalium

  • Custom harvesting — In agriculture, custom harvesting or custom combining is the business of harvesting of crops for others. Custom harvesters usually own their own combines and work for the same farms every harvest season. Custom harvesting relieves farmers from… …   Wikipedia

  • custom — /kus teuhm/, n. 1. a habitual practice; the usual way of acting in given circumstances. 2. habits or usages collectively; convention. 3. a practice so long established that it has the force of law. 4. such practices collectively. 5. Sociol. a… …   Universalium

  • Custom hardware attack — The EFF s Deep Crack machine contained 1,856 custom chips and could brute force a DES key in a matter of days the photo shows a circuit board fitted with 32 custom attack chips In cryptography, a custom hardware attack uses specifically designed… …   Wikipedia

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