Перевод: с исландского на английский

с английского на исландский

crowd

  • 21 bora

    * * *
    I)
    f. bore, hole.
    (að), v. to bore, to bore holes in; bora rauf, to bore a hole;
    refl., borast fram, to push one’s way through a crowd.
    * * *
    u, f. a bore-hole, Grett. 125, 133, Fas. i. 393, Vm. 65.
    COMPD: borufoli.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > bora

  • 22 BÓNDI

    * * *
    (pl. bœndr, gen. bónda), m.
    1) husbandman, farmer, peasant (dóttir eins lítils bónda); a yeoman, franklin, landowner (hinir stœrri bœndr);
    2) master, head of a household (= húsbóndi);
    3) husband (nú er bóndi dauðr, en kona lifir eptir).
    * * *
    a, m.: older form búandi, or even bóandi, pl. búendr or bóendr; gen. búanda, bóanda; dat. buöndum, bóöndum, Edda 28, Grág. i. 370, 371. Ó. H. 203, 209–211, 215, Nj. 14, 220; búanda (gen. pl.), 211, 212, 215–217, 220; búöndum, 219; bóandi, Grág. i. 114, 157, 187, 377, Nj. 52; but the common Icel. form is bóndi, pl. bændr; gen. dat. pl. in old writers either bónda, bóndum, or as at present keeping the æ throughout all plur. cases (bænda, (gen.) bændum): properly a part. act. from búa (turned into a noun subst., cp. frændi, fjándi), A. S. buan; Germ. bauer, and therefore originally a tiller of the ground, husbandman, but it always involved the sense of ownership, and included all owners of land (or bú, q. v.). from the petty freeholder to the franklin, and esp. the class represented by the yeoman of England generally or the statesman of Westmoreland and Cumberland: hence it came to mean the master of the house, A. S. bond and hûsbond, Engl. husband.
    1. a husbandman. The law distinguishes between a grið-maðr a labourer, búðsetu-maðr a cottager, and a búandi or bóndi a man who has land and stock. In the Icel. Commonwealth only the b. (but neither cottager or labourer) could act as judge or neighbour who gave witness in acquittal of a culprit (cp. þingheyjandi); the griðmaðr could only partly be admitted to the tylptarkviðr, not to the búakviðr, Grág. i. 35, 114; ek ryð þessa tvá menn ór kviðburðinum fyrir þá sök, at þeir eru búðsetu-menn en eigi bændr, Nj. 236; cp. l. c. below, where the distinction between both is defined. The Norse law, on the other hand, distinguishes between hersir or lendir menn ( barons) and búandi, cp. the interesting passage Fms. vi. 279 (verðr mér þá lends manns nafn ekki at virðingu; nú vil ek heldr heita bóndi sem ek á ætt til); the Norse hauldr- or óðals-bóndi nearly answers to the Engl. ‘yeoman.’ In the more despotic Norway and Denmark, as in continental Europe, ‘bóndi’ became a word of contempt, denoting the common, low people, opp. to the king and his ‘men’ (hirð), the royal officers, etc.; just as the Engl. boor degenerated from A. S. gebur, Germ. bauer, Dutch boer; and in mod. Dan. bönder means plebs, a boor; such is the use of bóndi in the Fms., esp. Sverr. S. and Hák. S. In the Icel. Commonwealth the word has a good sense, and is often used of the foremost men—Sighvatr bóndi, Sturl. ii. 78; Rafn bóndi (i. e. Sveinbjarnarsson), Bs. i. Rafn. S. several times; Rútr talaði þá til Marðar, hugsa þú svá um bóndi (Mord Gigja), Nj. 3; optar hefir þú glaðari verit, búndi, en nú, 174 (of Flosi); Njáll bóndi, id.; Þorsteinn bóndi, Illugi bóndi, Gunnl. S. Ísl. ii; Björn bóndi, Safn i. 657; Björn bóndi Einarsson (Jórsalafari), Ann. 1393; Ari bóndi, Daði bóndi, Bs. ii. 474, 505; it is only opp. to the clerks (clergy) or knights, etc. This notion of the word ( a franklin) still prevails in the mind of Icelanders.
    2. a husband, A. S. hûsbond; eigi var skegglauss Þorvaldr bóandi þinn, Nj. 52, Grág. i. 371, 377, Fms. i. 149; hjá hvílu búanda þíns, Nj. 14. [The learned Icel. clergyman Eyjulf on Vellir (died A. D. 1747) has written a short essay upoii the word bóndi, Icel. MSS. Bodl. no. 71.]
    COMPDS:—(in mod. use always bænda- if pl., bónda- if sing.)—bónda-bani, a, m. a slayer of a bóndi, Fms. vi. 104. bónda-ból, n. (bónda-bær, m.), a farm, Grett. 96 A. bónda-dóttir, f. a bóndi’s daughter, Eg. 24, Snót 18. bónda-eiðr, m. a bundi’s oath, Gþl. 67. bónda-far, n. a bóndi’s ferry-boat, Hkr. ii. 292. bónda-fé, n. a provincial fund, Gþl. 11. bónda-fólk, n. a class of bændr, Fms. vii. 293. bónda-fylking (búanda-), f. a host of bændr, Fms. viii. 126. bónda-herr, m. an army of bændr, Fms. i. 162. bónda-hlutr. m. = bóndatíund. Fr. bónda-hus, n. a bóndi’s house, K. Þ. K. 26. bónda-hvíla, u, f. a bóndi’s bed, El. 9. bónda-kirkja (búanda-), u, f. the church belonging to the bóndi in Thingvalla, where the parliament was held; and búanda-kirkjugarðr, m. the churchyard to that church, vide Nj. and Grág. This church was erected about the middle of the 11th century, vide Kristni S., Fms. vi. 266. bónda-kona, u, f. a good wife of a bóndi, Gþl. 511. bónda-laus, adj. husband-less, widowed, Stj. 420. bónda-lega, u, f. the burial place of bændr, N. G. L. i. 368. bónda-lið, n. = bóndaherr, Fms. ii. 48. bónda-ligr, adj. farmer-like. bónda-múgr, m. a crowd, host of bændr, Fms. xi. 248. bónda-nafn, n. the name, title of bóndi, Fms. vi. 279, Gþl. 106. bónda-réttr (búanda-), m. the right of a bóndi, Fms. ix. 135. bónda-safnaðr (- samnaðr) = bóndamúgr, Hkr. ii. 307, Fms. vii. 320. bónda-skapr, m. the state of the bændr, opp. to the clergy, Bs. i. 590. bónda-son, m. the son of a bóndi, Eg. 232. bónda-tala, u, f., vera í b., to be told or counted among bændr, Fas. ii. 326. bónda-tíund, f. tithe to be paid by bændr, Vm. 104. bónda-ungi, a, m. a young bóndi, Hkr. iii. 275. bónda-val, n. the elite of bændr; var þá gott b., there were choice bændr to be found, Sturl. i. 130, Landn. 236. bónda-ætt, f. a bóndi’s extraction, Fms. vi. 278.

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  • 23 flykkjask

    t, dep. [flokkr], to crowd, Fms. viii. 81, 411, Hom. 65, Fas. ii. 80, Orkn. 372 (in a verse).

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  • 24 gang-mikit

    n. adj. a great crowd, tumult.

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  • 25 GLAUMR

    m. noisy merriment; glaums andvana, cheerless.
    * * *
    m. [glam, cp. Scot. glamer = noise], a merry noise, esp. at a banquet; var þar inn at heyra glaumr mikill, Ld. 170; glaum ok hornaskol, Eb. 28; sat við drykkju, þar var g. mikill, Eg. 303; glaumr mikill ok fjölmenni, Fms. xi. 108; g. ok gleði, Sturl. i. 23, 24, Fms. iv. 48; gný ok glaum herliðsins, Hkr. iii. 65: freq. in mod. usage, g. heimsins, g. veraldar, the noise and bustle of the world, Vídal.
    2. in old poetry joy, merriment; glaums andvana, cheerless, Gkv. 2. 41; bella glaumi, 29; manna g., joy ( society) of men, Skm. 34; glaumr þverr, the cheer ( the heart) sinks, Glúm. 339 (in a verse).
    β. a lusty crowd of men; val-glaumr, a host of warriors, Gm. 21.

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  • 26 HERR

    (gen. hers, older herjar), m.
    1) crowd, great number (fylgdi oss h manna); með her manns, with a host of men; úvígar herr, overwhelming host;
    2) army, troops (on land and sea). Cf. ‘allsherjar-’.
    * * *
    m., old gen. herjar, pl. herjar, herja, herjum; later gen. hers, dropping the characteristic j and without pl.; the old form however often occurs in ancient poets, herjar, Hkr. i. 343 (in a verse), Fms. xi. 311 (in a verse), Fas. ii. 38 (in a verse); eins herjar, Hm. 72; as also, allt herjar, Hom. 39; herjum, in herjum-kunnr. famous, Háttat. R.; in prose the old j has been preserved in alls-herjar, Fms. v. 106, see pp. 16, 17; the pl. - jar occurs in Ein-herjar, see p. 121: in compd pr. names with initial vowel, Herj-ólfr (A. S. Herewulf), Herjan; [Goth. harjis, by which Ulf. renders λεγεών, Luke viii. 30, and στρατιά, ii. 13; A. S. here; O. H. G. and Hel. heri; Germ. heer; Dutch heir; Swed. här; Dan. hær]:—prop. a host, multitude:
    1. a host, people in general, like στρατός in Homer; herr er hundrað, a hundred makes a herr, Edda 108; allr herr, all people, Fms. i. 194, vi. 428 (in a verse); allr herr unni Ólafi konungi hugástum, vi. 441; whence in prose, alls-herjar, totius populi, general, universal, passim; dómr alls-herjar, universal consent, v. 106; Drottinn alls-herjar, Lord of Sabaoth ( hosts), Stj. 428, 456; allt herjar, adv. everywhere; lýsti of allt herjar af ljósinu, Hom. 39; Sænskr herr, the Swedish people; Danskr herr, the Danish people; Íslenzkr herr, the Icelandic people, Lex. Poët.; land-herr (q. v.), the people of the land; en nú sé ek hér útalligan her af landsfólki, a countless assembly of men, Fms. xi. 17; þing-herr, an assembly, Sighvat; Einherjar, the chosen people (rather than chosen warriors); þegi herr meðan, Eb. (in a verse); herjum-kunnr, known to all people, Lex. Poët.; and in compds, her-bergi (q. v.), etc.
    2. a host; með her manns, with a host of men, Eg. 71, 277; úvígr herr, an overwhelming host, Fms. viii. 51; himin og jörð og allr þeirra her, Gen. ii. 1, passim; cp. her-margr, many as a host, innumerable.
    β. an army, troops, on land and sea, Fms. i. 22, 90, Nj. 245, and in endless instances; cp. herja, to harry, and other compds: of a fleet, þrjú skip þau sem hann keyri ór herinum, Fms. x. 84; cp. hers-höfðingi: so in the phrase, hers-hendr, leysa e-n ór hers-höndum, to release one out of the hands of war, N. G. L. i. 71; vera í hers höndum, komast í hers hendr, to come into a foe’s hands.
    3. in a bad sense, the evil host, the fiends, in swearing, Gþl. 119; herr hafi e-n, fiends take him! Fms. vi. 278; herr hafi hölds ok svarra hagvirki! Ísl. ii. (in a verse); hauga herr, vide haugr; and in compds, her-kerling, her-líki.
    II. in pr. names:
    1. prefixed, of men, Her-brandr, Her-finnr, Her-gils, Her-grímr, Herj-ólfr, Her-laugr, Her-leifr, Her-mundr, Her-rauðr, Her-steinn, Hervarðr; of women, Her-borg, Her-dís, Her-gunnr, Her-ríðr, Her-vör, Her-þrúðr, Landn.: in Har-aldr ( Harold) the j is dropped without causing umlaut. Herjan and Herja-föðr, m. the Father of hosts = Odin, Edda, Hdl.
    2. suffixed, -arr, in Ein-arr, Agn-arr, Ótt-arr, Böðv-arr, Úlf-arr, etc., see Gramm. p. xxxii, col. 1, signif. B. 1.
    B. COMPDS: herbaldr, herbergi, herblástr, Herblindi, herboð, herborg, herbrestr, herbúðir, herbúinn, herbúnaðr, herdrengr, herdrótt, herfall, herfang, herfenginn, herferð, herfjöturr, herflokkr, herfloti, herforingi, herfólk, herfórur, herfærr, Herföðr, herför, hergammr, herganga, Hergautr, hergjarn, herglötuðr, hergopa, hergrimmr, herhlaup, herhorn, herkastali, herkerling, herklukka, herklæða, herklæði, herkonungr, herkumbl, herland, herleiða, herleiðing, herleiðsla, herlið, herliki, herlúðr, hermaðr, hermannliga, hermannligr, hermargr, hermegir, Hermóðr, hernaðr, hernam, hernumi, hernæma, heróp, hersaga, hersöguör, herskapr, herskari, herskár, herskip, herskjöldr, herskrúð, herspori, herstjóri, herstjórn, hersveitir, hertaka, hertaka, hertekning, hertogi, hertogadómr, hertogadæmi, hertogaefni, hertogainna, hertoganafn, herturn, hertygð, hertýgi, hertýgja, herváðir, hervápn, hervegir, herverk, hervígi, hervíkingr, hervæða, herþing, herþurft, herör.

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  • 27 hlaða

    I)
    (hleð; hlóð, hlóðum; hlaðinn), v.
    1) to pile up (h. korni í hjálma); h. grjóti (hellum) at höfði oðrum, to be present at another’s burial, to survive;
    2) to build, with acc. (h. vegg, vörðu);
    3) to load, esp. lade a ship (h. skip e-u, af e-u, með e-u); kistur hlaðnar af gulli, chests laden with gold;
    4) to fell, lay prostrate, with dat. (gátu þeir hlaðit honum um síðir ok bundu hann); h. seglum, to take in sail;
    5) to slay (bera vápn á Finnana ok fá hlaðit þeim);
    6) refl., hlaðast at, to throng, crowd; vér viljum eigi, at fjölmenni hlaðist at ( throng to see), er vér erum afklæddir; hlaðast á mara bóga, to mount the horses.
    f. store-house, barn.
    * * *
    u, f. [Old Engl. lathe in Chaucer, still used in North. E.; Dan. lade]:—a store-house, barn (also, hey-h., bygg-h., korn-h.), Eg. 235, Grág. ii. 286, Dropl. 18, Eb. 190, 318, Rm. 19, Rd. 284, 285, Glúm. 357, Ó. H. 30, Sturl. i. 95; hlöðu dyrr, Grett. 112, Ísl. ii. 69; hlöðu-kálfr, for the pun see Glúm. 359; hlöðu vindauga, Sturl. ii. 43; bók-hlaða, a library, (mod.)

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  • 28 HÓPR

    (-s, -ar), m. troop, flock, crowd.
    * * *
    m. [Dan. hob; Swed. hop; the Engl. heap, Germ. haufen, would answer to Icel. haupr, which does not exist]:—a troop, flock, bevy; mann-hópr, a host of men, Bjarn. 52, Skáld H. 6. 47, Pass. 21. 10: freq. in mod. usage, e. g. í sinn hóp, among one’s own equals; fjár-hópr, a flock of sheep; fugla-hópr, a bevy of birds. hópa-kaup, n. a purchasing in lots.

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  • 29 HRANG

    n. a noise, din, tumult, as of a crowd, Grág. i. 5; spelt hrong, Mork. 110 (in a verse).

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  • 30 krýja

    or krúa, ð, hence the mod. Icel. grúa (það úir og grúir), changing k into g; [Norse krye; cp. Engl. crowd]:—to swarm; það úði og krúði, Egilsson’s Poems, 25.

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  • 31 mann-fjöldi

    a, m. a multitude, crowd of men, Fms. vi. 203, vii. 161, xi. 108, Ann. 1403, passim.

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  • 32 mann-mergð

    f. a host of people, crowd, Fas. ii. 483.

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  • 33 mann-múgr

    m. (mann-múgi, a, m., Pr. 425), a crowd of people, Ó. H. 213.

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  • 34 MARGR

    I)
    (mörg, mart), a.
    1) in sing. a collect. sense, both as subst. and a., many a (one);
    margr maðr, many a person;
    margr mun þik öfunda, many a one will envy thee;
    neut., mart, many things, opp. to ‘fátt’ (tala margr, margs vitandi);
    í mörgu, in many things, in many respects;
    fyrir margs sakir, for many reasons;
    mart manna, many people;
    2) in pl. many (særðr mörgum sárum);
    3) fig. friendly, communicative, opp. to fár( var hann margr við Árna biskup).
    ekki má við margnum, no one can stand against great odds.
    * * *
    adj., fem. mörg. neut. margt, usually spelt and pronounced mart; compar. fleiri, q. v.; superl. flestr; [Ulf. manags = πολύς; A. S. manig; Engl. many: O. H. G. manag; Dutch mennig; Germ. manche; the n is found in all South-Teutonic languages, and the word is explained by Grimm as a compd from mann ( homo) and the suffix -gi (- cunque); the Norse margr is the same word, having only changed the n into r, for the n remains in a few derivatives, as mengi ( a crowd), menga ( to blend), manga, q. v.: in mod. Swed. and Dan. the n has been resumed from intercourse with the Germ.; Dan. mange; early Swed. marger, but mod. Swed. mânga]:—many; munu margir þess gjalda, Nj. 2; meiri er veiðr í Flosa en mörgum öðrum, 232; marga þína muni, Ld. 102; særðr mörgum sárum … mörgum mönnum, … margir menn, Fms. x. 370; margir slíkir, many such. Nj. 6; marga penninga, Dipl. ii. 10.
    2. sing. in a collect. sense, both as subst. and adj.; mart man, Fms. i. 185; margr maðr, Fb. i. 241; margr sá fróðr þvkkisk, Hm. 29; þviat margr man þik öfunda, þvíat margr mun þar at þér víkja, Nj. 47; skipask margr vel við góðan búning, Fms. vi. 208; hefir þó margr hlotið um sárt at binda, Nj. 54; hann hafði látið slá skipa-saum margan, a great quantity of, Fms. ix. 377: margr er knár þó hann sé smár; ber mér jafnan mart á góma, vi. 208; margs vitandi, Vsp. 20; mart er mér vel hent at göra, Nj. 54; tala mart, 194; heyra mart en tala fátt, Hallgr.; spyrja mjök margs, Ld. 88; fyrir margs sakir, for many reasons, Fms. vi. 215; ok þykkir lítt fyrir (í) mörgu þat at tala, xi. 108; mart manna, many people, Eg. 134, Nj. 194: í mörgu, in many respects, in many things, 625. 82, Fb. iii. 246; fróð at mörgu, Nj. 194; margs alls, quite great, adverb., Am. 8, 92.
    II. metaph. friendly, communicative (cp. fár); höfum vit nú hvarttveggja reynt, at mart hefir verit um með okkr ok fátt, Gísl. 17; ekki var mart með þeim, Fms. x. 78; svá er, frændi, at með okkr hefir verit ekki mart, Ld. 106; þó var hann margr við Árna biskup ok fréttinn af Íslandi, Bs. i. 776.
    III. margr is used as a subst., in the saying, eigi má við margnum, no one can stand against many, against odds; en þó mátti hann eigi við marginum um síðir, at last he was overthrown, Bær. 14; kom at því sem mælt er, at ekki má við margnum, Fs. 89, Fms. xi. 278. margs-konar and margs-kyns, adv. of many kinds, various, Fs. 63, Edda 38, Hkr. i. 5, Fms. i. 185, Eg. 517, passim.
    B. COMPDS: margbreytinn, margbreytni, margbrotinn, margbrugðinn, margdýrr, margfalda, margfaldan, margfaldleikr, margfaldliga, margfaldligr, margfaldr, margfróðgjarn, margfróðr, margfræði, margfrömuðr, margfætla, margháttaðr, margheyrðr, marghrossa, margkunnandi, margkunnigr, margkunnindi, margkvíslaðr, margkvíslóttr, margkvæmt, margkyndugr, marglátr, margleiki, margliga, marglitr, marglyndr, marglæti, margmálugr, margmenni, margmennr, margmælgi, margmæli, margmæltr, margopt, margorðr, margprettóttr, margræða, margræddr, margræðinn, margsinnis, margslægr, margsmugall, margspakr, margstaðar, margtalaðr, margteitr, margtítt, margvitr, margvísliga, margvísligr, margvíss, margyrðr.

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  • 35 reikuð

    f.(?); only in the phrase, færa e-n í reikuð, to handle roughly, of a mob or crowd, Fms. vi. 203, Rd. 306, Fs. 150, Bárð. 43 new Ed.

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  • 36 RYÐJA

    (ryð, rudda, ruddr), v.
    1) to clear, free (land) from trees (ryðja markir; hann ruddi lönd í Haukadal);
    ryðja götu gegnum skóg, to clear, open a road through a forest;
    2) to clear, empty;
    ryðja búrit, to empty the pantry;
    ryðja skip, to unload a ship;
    ryðja höfn, to clear the harbour, leave the haven;
    impers., hvernig skjótt ruddi samnaðinn, how the flock dispersed;
    3) as a law term, to challenge;
    ryðja kvið, dóm, to challenge neighbours, jurors, out of the kviðr, dómr;
    4) with preps.:
    ryðja e-u á e-t, to throw, toss upon (þeir ruddu viðinum á hurðina);
    ryðja e-m í brott, to drive away, sweep off;
    ryðja sér til ríkis, to clear the way to a kingdom, obtain it by conquest;
    ryðja til e-s, to clear the way for a thing, prepare for (ok ruddu þeir til likgraptarins);
    ryðja e-u upp, to tear up (þeir ruddu upp jörðu ok grjóti);
    5) refl., ryðjast um, to clear one’s way, make great havoc.
    * * *
    ryð, ruddi, rutt, [this word has lost the initial h (qs. hryðja), being derived from hrjóða, denoting ‘to clear, rid of,’ cp. also hroði, hryðja, sweepings, offal; and is altogether different from rjóða = to redden; the h remains in hruðning, q. v.; see hrjóða; Engl. rid; Scot. red or redde; Dan. rydde.]
    B. To clear; taka at ryðja mörkina ok brenna, ok byggja síðan … en er spurðisk til Ólafs at hann ryðr markir, kölluðu þeir hann Trételgju, Hkr. i. 55; hann ruddi lönd í Haukadal, Landn. 103; Önundr konungr lagði á þat kapp mikit ok kostnað at ryðja markir ok byggja eptir ruðin, Hkr. i. 45; sumir konungar ruddu marklönd stór ok bygðu þar, 48; þeir ruddu markir ok bygðu stór héruð, 137; sú bygð var mjök sundrlaus, bygð við vötn en rudd í skógum, Ó. H. 174; hann lét húsa ok r. Ekreyjar, Fms. x. 154; hér eptir ruddisk landit ok siðaðisl, Fb. i. 575; hann lét r. viða í skógum ok byggja, Landn. 68; r. götu gegnum skóg, Fb. i. 72; r. land fyrir sér, to clear it, N. G. L. i. 173; r. götu, to open a road, Eb. 46 new Ed.; r. veg, stíg, to clear the way, Fms. x. 15, Eg. 293:—ryðja sér til rúms, to make oneself room, Fms. viii. 93; þar sem ek gæta rutt mér til rúms ok kippt manni ór sæti, Fb. i. 136; r. sér til ríkis. to clear the way to a kingdom, conquer it, Fms. iv. 60; r. sér til landa, Glúm, (in a verse):—r. skip, to clear, unload a ship, Fs. 182, Gullþ. 55, Eg. 100, Nj. 10, Fb. i.496, ii. 229: ryðja búrit, to empty it, Háv. 41–43 new Ed.:—to strip, disable, in fighting, Eg. 123:—r. höfn, to clear the harbour, leave the haven, Fms. ix. 45; ryðja lögréttu, to clear the court of strangers, Grág. i. 7; munu halir allir heimstöð ryðja, to clear, make empty the homestead, Vsp.; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, to clear Valhalla, make it ready for receiving slain heroes, Em. 1:—with dat., ryðja e-u brott, to drive away, 544. 38, Fms. iv. 231; ryðja herklæðum af sér, to strip off one’s armour, El. 102, cp. Hkm. 4:—to heap, pile, þeir ruddu viðinum á hurðina, they blocked up the door, Gullþ. 60:—r. til e-s, to clear the way for a thing; at r. til þeirra atburða er Ólafr konungr verðr við staddr, Fms.ii. 89; ok mundi þat r. til landauðnar, Bs. i. 24; ok ruddu þeir til líkagraptarins við Sléttu-karla, Fbr. 58; Þorlákr biskup ruddi til þess á sínum dögum, at þá var settr ok ritaðr Kristinna-laga þáttr, Bs. i. 73; ok ryði hvárr-tveggi sín vitni til bókar, K. Á. 184:—impers., hvernig skjótt ruddi samnaðinn, how the flock dispersed, Ó. H. 220.
    II. as a law term; ryðja kvið, dóm, or also ryðja mann ór kvið, dómi, to challenge a neighbour, juror, out of the kviðr or dómr, Grág. i. 7, 17, 34, 49, Nj. 110, 235; ef hann ryðr kvið at frændsemi, … hann skal ryðja við sjálfan sik at frændsemi ok at mægðum, skalat maðr ryðja við sjálfan sik at guðsifjum, hann skal r. við sóknar aðilja eða varnar, … ok er honum rett at r. þann upp, Grág. i. 50; sá er ór er ruddr, 31; þá er hann ruddi hann ór dómi, 31, and passim.
    III. reflex., ryðjask um, to clear one’s way, make great havoc; Atli hleypr upp á skip at Rúti ok ryðsk um fast, Nj. 9, Fb. ii. 219; eu þeir ruddusk um ágæta vel, Fas. ii. 492; andask ómaginn, ok ryðsk svá til ( it turns out) at ómaginn átti fé eptir, Grág. i. 224:—to throng, crowd, ryðjask að.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > RYÐJA

  • 37 STYRMA

    (-di, -t), v.
    1) to blow hard, to blow a gale (gekk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim);
    2) s. yfir e-m, to crowd, throng about a person slain or wounded (styrmdu heimamenn yfir honum).
    * * *
    d, [stormr; A. S. styrmian], to blow up for a gale; gékk um veðrit ok styrmði at þeim, Bs. i. 775, Grett. 113 new Ed.; þá tók veðrit at s. af land-suðri, id.
    2. metaph. in the phrase, styrma yfir e-m, to storm, make much ado about a body or a person suddenly slain or wounded; styrmdu heima-menn yfir honum, Ld. 40, Sturl. ii. 38, Gísl. 142, Fær. 112, Orkn. 452; styrma at líki, Fbr. 40; þeir stöktu vatni strákinn á ok styrmdu yfir með ljósi, Skíða R. 189; see stumra (by a metathesis).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > STYRMA

  • 38 tróða

    (treð; trað, tráðum; troðinn), v.
    1) to tread; t. skó, to wear out shoes; t. e-n undir fótum, to tread one under foot; t. stafkarlsstíg, to wander as a beggar;
    2) to cram, pack, stuff (into a receptacle), with dat. (þér var í hanzka troðit);
    3) to slop, cram with, t. e-t e-u (hann treðr belginn lyngvi ok mosa);
    4) refl., troðast, to throng, crowd upon each other (troðist eigi svá ákaft).
    * * *
    u, f. = tróð; eyri fyrir tróðu hverja ok svá fyrir næfra-kimbul hvern, N. G. L. i. 101; remains in the compd mæni-tróða.
    2. in poetry tróða is freq. in circumlocutions describing women, auð-tróða, gulls-tróða, menja-tróða, see Edda, Lex. Poët.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > tróða

  • 39 ÞORI

    m. the greater part, main part (alir þori liðsins; mestr þori manna).
    * * *
    a, m. so the vellums with a single r; the mod. form is þorri, but less correct, for the word is akin to þyrja, q. v.:—the greater part, main part, of a crowd, multitude, assembly, or the like; allan þora. (thus the vellum) landsins, the main part of the land, Fms. vii. 177; allr þori liðsins, Trist.; var þat mestr þori múgsins, viii. 411 (þori, Fb. ii. 687, l. c.); mestr þori var á land rekinn fjárins, Finnb. 244; en mikill þori var þat er þær sögðu eins báðar, Landn., Hb. 320; lætr hann brott flytja mestan þora fjárins, Al. 28; mestr þori manna, Barl. 26, N. G. L. ii. 418; hann má oss þjóna at miklum þora. for a great deal, Norske Saml.; and so freq. in mod. usage, það er mestr þorri búinn, the most part ready, all but ready.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ÞORI

  • 40 ÞORP

    n.
    2) in foreign countries, a thorp or village (Írar hlaupa saman í eitt þorp);
    3) an open, unsheltered place (hrørnar þöll, sú er stendr þorpi á).
    * * *
    n. [Ulf. þaurp = ἀγρός, once in Nehem. v. 16; A. S. and Hel. þorp; Old Engl. thorp; O. H. G. and Germ. dorf; Lat. turba is taken to be the same word: this word, we think, was originally applied to the cottages of the poorer peasantry crowded together in a hamlet, instead of each house standing in its own enclosure, like the ‘tún’ or ‘bær’ or ‘garðr’ of the ‘búandi,’ hence þorpari = a churl (see below); the etymological sense being a crowd, throng, as seen in þyrpast, þyrping (qq. v.), as also in Lat. turba]:
    I. a hamlet, village, rarely of an isolated farm; fóru þau um kveldit í annat þorp skamt þaðan, … Þorsteinn hét þar bóndi, Hkr. i. 189 (in East-Norway), Fms. x. 219; margir vóru búendr þar í þorpinu, Ó. H. 151; til Níðaróss, þar var þorp nokkut sett ok kaupstaðr, Fms. x. 294; um þorp ok um bæi (Scotland), Orkn. 78; in Edda 108, þorp ef þrír eru, …
    2. when used of foreign countries it means a thorp or village; borgir, kastalar, þorp, Fms. vii. 94; þorp ok tún, Sks. 631; Írar hlaupa saman í eitt þorp, Ld. 78; borg eða þorp, Stj. 96, 183; þar (in Frisland) varð brátt fyrir þeim þorp eitt ok bygðu þar margir bændr, Eg. 528: Lat. villa is rendered ‘þorp,’ Róm. 132, Hom. (St.), (= Matt. xxii. 5); þorpin stóðu á bryggjunum ok mikit fjölmenni í þeim þorpum (of London), O. H. L. ch. 10: metaph., þrætu-þorp, the abode of quarrel, i. e. the mouth, Fms. vi. (in a verse).
    3. the word occurs twice in poets in the same sense as in the Goth., a land; hrörnar þöll sú er stendr þorpi á, hlýrat henni börkr né barr, Hm. 49 (here ‘þorp’ seems to mean a field, fenced place, or garden, as opp. to the ‘wood’); þrjár þjóðár falla þorp yfir meyja Mögþrasis, three great rivers fall over the field of the Norns, Vþm. 49.
    II. very freq. as the second compd of Dan. local names, as -trup, or - rup dropping the t, Hos-trup, Kra-rup, Kolde-rup, Vins-trup, Sverd- rup; but in early Dan. - torp or -thorp, thus Bukke- thorp, Thume- thorp, Ny- thorp = mod. Dan. Nyrup, and in many names of places, see Dipl. Thorkel. passim; so also Engl. - thorp and Germ. -dorf: in Norway such local names are rare, in Iceland still more so, yet a Þorpar, f. pl., occurs in western Iceland, in Stranda-sýsla, called ‘í Þorpum.’ The reason is that in flat countries cottages lie closer together than in a mountainous country.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ÞORP

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

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