cross+section

פָּרָשָׁהI f. (פָּרַש) 1) separation, branching off.פָּרָשַׁת דרכים, פרשת עיבור, cross-road. Ber.IV, 4, v. עִיבּוּר. Sot.21a הגיע לפ׳ דרכיםוכ׳ when the traveller reaches the cross-road (where there is a guide-post), he is saved from all dangers. Ib. מהו פ׳ ד׳וכ׳ what is meant by cross-road (in this parable)? A scholar on his dying day.Ḥull.46a פ׳ ראשונה the first branching off of the spinal column towards the legs, שניה the second branching off in the prolongation which forms the tail. Ib. פי פ׳ the starting point of the branching off; פ׳ עצמה the branch itself; a. e.Pl. פָּרָשוֹת. Ib. 45b עד היכך חוט השדרה … עד בין הפ׳ how far does the spinal cord go (the severance of which causes the animal to be trefah)?… To ‘between the ramifications; ליחוי לן מר בין הפ׳ show us the place called ‘between the ramifications; a. e. 2) crossing the ocean, sea-voyage. Lev R. s. 35, v. אַפְרָשָׁה. 3) (in writing) division, section, Parashah, the weekly Scripture lesson. Ber.9b אשרי … חדא פ׳ היא Ashré (Ps. 1) and Lammah ragshu (Ps. 2) are one section (psalm). Ib. 63a איזוהי פ׳ קטנה שכלוכ׳ which is the small section (verse) on which all essentials of the Law depend? (Answ. Prov. 3:6) ‘In all thy ways Ib. II, 2 (13a) למה קדמה פרשת שמעוכ׳ Bab. ed. (Mish. a. Y. ed. only שמע) why is the section Shmʿa (Deut. 6:4–9) recited before Vhayah (ib. 11:13–21)? B. Bath.14b פרשת בלעם the section treating of Balaam (Num. 22:2–24:25); a. v. fr.Pl. פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת (fr. פָּרָשוּת). Ber.9b י״ה פ׳ eighteen psalms. Gen. R. s. 90. Lev. R. s. 24. Tosef.Sabb.I, 12 תינוקות … פָּרָשִׁיּוֹתֵיהֶן children and teacher may prepare their verses by lamp-light ; (Y. ib. I, 3b bot. ראשי פסוקיהן). Ber.8b המשלים פָּרָשִׁיּוֹתָיו עם הצבור he who finishes the reading of the weekly lessons so as to keep up with the public reading in the synagogue. Meg.29b לסדר פ׳ הוא חוזר the interrupted order of Scriptural reading is taken up again; a. v. fr.

פָּרָשָׁהI f. (פָּרַש) 1) separation, branching off.פָּרָשַׁת דרכים, פרשת עיבור, cross-road. Ber.IV, 4, v. עִיבּוּר. Sot.21a הגיע לפ׳ דרכיםוכ׳ when the traveller reaches the cross-road (where there is a guide-post), he is saved from all dangers. Ib. מהו פ׳ ד׳וכ׳ what is meant by cross-road (in this parable)? A scholar on his dying day.Ḥull.46a פ׳ ראשונה the first branching off of the spinal column towards the legs, שניה the second branching off in the prolongation which forms the tail. Ib. פי פ׳ the starting point of the branching off; פ׳ עצמה the branch itself; a. e.Pl. פָּרָשוֹת. Ib. 45b עד היכך חוט השדרה … עד בין הפ׳ how far does the spinal cord go (the severance of which causes the animal to be trefah)?… To ‘between the ramifications; ליחוי לן מר בין הפ׳ show us the place called ‘between the ramifications; a. e. 2) crossing the ocean, sea-voyage. Lev R. s. 35, v. אַפְרָשָׁה. 3) (in writing) division, section, Parashah, the weekly Scripture lesson. Ber.9b אשרי … חדא פ׳ היא Ashré (Ps. 1) and Lammah ragshu (Ps. 2) are one section (psalm). Ib. 63a איזוהי פ׳ קטנה שכלוכ׳ which is the small section (verse) on which all essentials of the Law depend? (Answ. Prov. 3:6) ‘In all thy ways Ib. II, 2 (13a) למה קדמה פרשת שמעוכ׳ Bab. ed. (Mish. a. Y. ed. only שמע) why is the section Shmʿa (Deut. 6:4–9) recited before Vhayah (ib. 11:13–21)? B. Bath.14b פרשת בלעם the section treating of Balaam (Num. 22:2–24:25); a. v. fr.Pl. פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת (fr. פָּרָשוּת). Ber.9b י״ה פ׳ eighteen psalms. Gen. R. s. 90. Lev. R. s. 24. Tosef.Sabb.I, 12 תינוקות … פָּרָשִׁיּוֹתֵיהֶן children and teacher may prepare their verses by lamp-light ; (Y. ib. I, 3b bot. ראשי פסוקיהן). Ber.8b המשלים פָּרָשִׁיּוֹתָיו עם הצבור he who finishes the reading of the weekly lessons so as to keep up with the public reading in the synagogue. Meg.29b לסדר פ׳ הוא חוזר the interrupted order of Scriptural reading is taken up again; a. v. fr.

פֶּרֶקm. (b. h.; preced.) (division, section; (b. h.) cross-road, 1) period ( of time), period of maturity, season. Keth.59b סמוך לפִירְקָהּ near her period of puberty. Y.Yeb.XIII, 13d bot. עד שתגדיל ותגיע לפ׳וכ׳ until she be grown up and arrive at a marriageable age and be married. Taan.16a ופִרְקוֹ נאה whose youth is becoming, expl. ib. b שלא יצאוכ׳ whose youth is of unblemished repute; Tosef.Ḥag.II, 9 ופרקו טוב Var. (ed. Zuck. ופרק). Pes.117a על כל פ׳ ופ׳ at every important epoch. Ib. 43a top שהגיעו לפִרְקָןוכ׳ who have reached puberty but not the legal age (prematurely developed). Tosef.R. Hash. I, 12 פ׳ שעורים the season of the barley crop; פ׳ גשמים the rainy season. Deut. R. s. 9 הגיע פרקו ליטולוכ׳ his (the childs) time has come to be taken away (he is destined to die) at the age of thirty days. Ib. הראה לי את פִּרְקִי show me my time (when I am to die); a. fr.Pl. פְּרָקִים; constr. פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳. R. Hash. 35a ברכית … ושל פ׳ prayers for the New Year, the Day of Atonement and periodical prayers (for feasts, fasts). Ib. כיון … כפ׳ רמי as he prayed only once in thirty days, it was to him like a periodical prayer. Shek. III, 1 בשלשה פ׳ at three periods of the year. Y.Shebi.I, beg.33a שני פ׳ הראשונים the two beginning periods (shortly before the beginning of the Sabbatical year, and before the beginning of the new Sabbatical period); ib. III, end, 34d. Y.Shek.III, beg.47b פירקי לידה the seasons when animals give birth. Gen. R. s. 70, a. e. נשיקה של פ׳ the kiss on meeting after a period of separation; a. fr. 2) (of writings) section, chapter. R. Hash. 30b מפני שחוזר וכיפל את הפ׳ because in that case he would have to recite the same psalm again on the same day. Ber.14a בין פ׳ לפ׳ פוסקוכ׳ between one section (of the Hallel) and another he may interrupt himself, but in the middle of a section he must not do so. Ab.VI הלומד … פ׳ אחדוכ׳ he that learns from his neighbor one chapter or one halakhah. Erub.54b ושנה לו משה פִּירְקוֹ Moses taught him (Aaron) his lesson; ושנה להם … פִּירְקָן taught them their lesson; a. v. fr.Pl. as ab. Ber.II, 1 בפ׳ שואלוכ׳. between the sections (of the Shmʿa) one may interrupt ones self to extend a greeting Ib. 2 אלו הן בין הפ׳ these are the pauses between the sections: between the first and the second benediction (preceding the Shmʿa) Ḥag.13a ראשי פ׳ the headings of chapters (or subjects, leading words). R. Hash. 31a מה ראהר״ע לחלק בין הפ׳ הללו Ms. M. (ed. ראו חכמים) what reason had R. ʿA. to make a distinction between these psalms (by referring six of them to past events and the seventh to the hereafter)?; a. fr. 3) link, limb, joint. Ḥull.106a sq. נטילת ידים לחולין עד הפ׳וכ׳ washing of hands for secular food must be done up to the (second) joint (of the fingers), for Trumah to the (third) joint; קידוש … עד הפ׳ sanctification of hands (and feet) up to the joint (of the hand); Arakh.19b; Tosef.Yad.II, 1; Yad.II, 3; Y.Ber.VIII, 12a. Ḥull.X, 4 מן הפ׳ של ארכובהוכ׳ from the joint of the knee to the shoulder-blade of the forefoot. Ib. הפ׳ של לחי the joint of the jawbone. Sifra Tsav, Milluim, Par. 1 פ׳ האמצעי the middle joint (of the thumb); a. fr.Pl. as ab. Tosef.Kel.B. Mets. III, 2, v. מִסְפֶּרֶת. Deut. R. s. 3 beg. מנורה שעשויה פ׳ פ׳ a candlestick made of separable links (v. חוּלְיָא I). Ab. Zar.43a בין פְּרָקָיו, expl. בין פִּרְקֵי ציאר between the joints of its neck. Y. Ber. l. c. bot. (שולחן) של פ׳ a table that can be taken apart; a. fr. 4) load. Pl. as ab. Yalk. Lam. 1000 ושני פ׳ יש עליווכ׳ and the camel has two loads (hanging down on its sides), one of wine, and one of vinegar (Lam. R. to I, 1 רבתי ( חד מתינס 6) טעניה תרין זיקין). פרק אונסין, Esth. R. to I, 6, v. אינסין.

פֶּרֶקm. (b. h.; preced.) (division, section; (b. h.) cross-road, 1) period ( of time), period of maturity, season. Keth.59b סמוך לפִירְקָהּ near her period of puberty. Y.Yeb.XIII, 13d bot. עד שתגדיל ותגיע לפ׳וכ׳ until she be grown up and arrive at a marriageable age and be married. Taan.16a ופִרְקוֹ נאה whose youth is becoming, expl. ib. b שלא יצאוכ׳ whose youth is of unblemished repute; Tosef.Ḥag.II, 9 ופרקו טוב Var. (ed. Zuck. ופרק). Pes.117a על כל פ׳ ופ׳ at every important epoch. Ib. 43a top שהגיעו לפִרְקָןוכ׳ who have reached puberty but not the legal age (prematurely developed). Tosef.R. Hash. I, 12 פ׳ שעורים the season of the barley crop; פ׳ גשמים the rainy season. Deut. R. s. 9 הגיע פרקו ליטולוכ׳ his (the childs) time has come to be taken away (he is destined to die) at the age of thirty days. Ib. הראה לי את פִּרְקִי show me my time (when I am to die); a. fr.Pl. פְּרָקִים; constr. פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳. R. Hash. 35a ברכית … ושל פ׳ prayers for the New Year, the Day of Atonement and periodical prayers (for feasts, fasts). Ib. כיון … כפ׳ רמי as he prayed only once in thirty days, it was to him like a periodical prayer. Shek. III, 1 בשלשה פ׳ at three periods of the year. Y.Shebi.I, beg.33a שני פ׳ הראשונים the two beginning periods (shortly before the beginning of the Sabbatical year, and before the beginning of the new Sabbatical period); ib. III, end, 34d. Y.Shek.III, beg.47b פירקי לידה the seasons when animals give birth. Gen. R. s. 70, a. e. נשיקה של פ׳ the kiss on meeting after a period of separation; a. fr. 2) (of writings) section, chapter. R. Hash. 30b מפני שחוזר וכיפל את הפ׳ because in that case he would have to recite the same psalm again on the same day. Ber.14a בין פ׳ לפ׳ פוסקוכ׳ between one section (of the Hallel) and another he may interrupt himself, but in the middle of a section he must not do so. Ab.VI הלומד … פ׳ אחדוכ׳ he that learns from his neighbor one chapter or one halakhah. Erub.54b ושנה לו משה פִּירְקוֹ Moses taught him (Aaron) his lesson; ושנה להם … פִּירְקָן taught them their lesson; a. v. fr.Pl. as ab. Ber.II, 1 בפ׳ שואלוכ׳. between the sections (of the Shmʿa) one may interrupt ones self to extend a greeting Ib. 2 אלו הן בין הפ׳ these are the pauses between the sections: between the first and the second benediction (preceding the Shmʿa) Ḥag.13a ראשי פ׳ the headings of chapters (or subjects, leading words). R. Hash. 31a מה ראהר״ע לחלק בין הפ׳ הללו Ms. M. (ed. ראו חכמים) what reason had R. ʿA. to make a distinction between these psalms (by referring six of them to past events and the seventh to the hereafter)?; a. fr. 3) link, limb, joint. Ḥull.106a sq. נטילת ידים לחולין עד הפ׳וכ׳ washing of hands for secular food must be done up to the (second) joint (of the fingers), for Trumah to the (third) joint; קידוש … עד הפ׳ sanctification of hands (and feet) up to the joint (of the hand); Arakh.19b; Tosef.Yad.II, 1; Yad.II, 3; Y.Ber.VIII, 12a. Ḥull.X, 4 מן הפ׳ של ארכובהוכ׳ from the joint of the knee to the shoulder-blade of the forefoot. Ib. הפ׳ של לחי the joint of the jawbone. Sifra Tsav, Milluim, Par. 1 פ׳ האמצעי the middle joint (of the thumb); a. fr.Pl. as ab. Tosef.Kel.B. Mets. III, 2, v. מִסְפֶּרֶת. Deut. R. s. 3 beg. מנורה שעשויה פ׳ פ׳ a candlestick made of separable links (v. חוּלְיָא I). Ab. Zar.43a בין פְּרָקָיו, expl. בין פִּרְקֵי ציאר between the joints of its neck. Y. Ber. l. c. bot. (שולחן) של פ׳ a table that can be taken apart; a. fr. 4) load. Pl. as ab. Yalk. Lam. 1000 ושני פ׳ יש עליווכ׳ and the camel has two loads (hanging down on its sides), one of wine, and one of vinegar (Lam. R. to I, 1 רבתי ( חד מתינס 6) טעניה תרין זיקין). פרק אונסין, Esth. R. to I, 6, v. אינסין.

סָרַג(b. h. שָׂרַג; Saf. of אָרַג), Pi. סֵירֵג (to interlace, plait, to strap (in zig-zag); to girth. Kel. XVI, 1 משיְסָרֵג בהוכ׳ from the time he made three meshes of girthing. Tosef. ib. B. Bath.I, 12 סֵירְגֹו במשיחיתוכ׳ if he strapped it (the disjointed frame) with cords Ib. B. Mets.IX, 4 (read:) שהוא מְסָרֵג בו את המטה with which one girths the bedstead. M. Kat. I, 8 ומסָרְגִין את המטות you may girth the bedsteads (during the festive week). Y.Ber.III, beg.5d, a. e. כל שמסרגין עלוכ׳ a bedstead on which the girths are drawn on top is called miṭṭah, when drawn beneath, dargesh; Ned.56b (v. אַבְקָתָא); a. fr.Trnsf. a) to unite, combine. Gen. R. s. 85 (ref. to the chronological disorder in the Book of Daniel, in going from Belshazzar (ch. 5) to Darius (ch. 6), again to the first year of B. (ch. 7), and to the third year of B. (ch. 8) unite כדי לסָרֵג עלוכ׳ in order to combine the entire section as one written in the spirit of holiness; Yalk. ib. 144; Yalk. Dan. 1063 לִסְרֹוג (perh. to be read לסָרֵיג).b) to make a partition by means of net-work, like lattices Tosef.Men. X, 23 ומסרגין שם כנגדוכ׳ and there they fence in an area of about three Sah.Part. pass. מְסֹורָג. Ber.57b, v. next w. 2) to do a thing in a manner in which straps are drawn in bedsteads, i. e. in zig-zag; to skip. Tosef.Nidd.IX, 3 סֵירְגָה להוכ׳ if she skipped four days (beyond the ordinary period of menstruation); Nidd.64a סירגה ליוםוכ׳ if she skipped (from the twenty-first) to the twenty-fourth day. Y.Gitt.VII, 48c bot. ובלבד במְסָרְגִין לו provided they put cross-questions to him alternately (one question to which a positive, and one to which a negative answer are expected, so as to test his sanity).Part. pass. מְסֹורָג; f. מְסֹורֶגֶת; pl. מְסֹורָגִים, מְסֹורָגִין; מְסֹורָגֹות. Mekh. Yithro, Baḥod. s. 6 (read as;) Yalk. Ex. 292 (ref. to Ex. 20:5) בזמן שהן אינן מסורגין או בזמן שהן מס׳ (not מסרגין) are the sins of the fathers visited upon the children when the succession is uninterrupted, or even when interrupted (by a good generation)? Y.Snh.I, 19c bot. מס׳ עלו the differently marked ballots came up alternately. Tosef.Nidd.IX, 13, v. סֵירוּג.Trnsf. a) to write in broken lines (leaving a vacant space in the middle of the line); to spread. Treat. Sofrim I, 11 מְסָרְגֹווכ׳ he spreads the writing so as to make a small column of it.Part. pass. as ab. Ib. 10 רצוף שעשאו מס׳ או מס׳וכ׳ if he wrote in broken lines what is to be written in continuous lines or vice versa; או שעשה המס׳ שלא כהלכתו or if he did the spreading not in accordance with the rule.b) to trace cross-lines on stone, to carve designs. Pesik. ‘Ăniya, p. 137a> מְסָרְגִין בו carving it; Yalk. Is. 339 (omitted in Pesik. R. s. 3 2); v. סָתַת.V. סִירוּג. Hithpa. הִסְתָּרֵג to be provided with girths, be strapped. Ned.56b אי מטה מִסְתָּרֶגֶת על גבה if it be, that miṭṭah is a couch, the straps of which are drawn over the frame

סָרַג(b. h. שָׂרַג; Saf. of אָרַג), Pi. סֵירֵג (to interlace, plait, to strap (in zig-zag); to girth. Kel. XVI, 1 משיְסָרֵג בהוכ׳ from the time he made three meshes of girthing. Tosef. ib. B. Bath.I, 12 סֵירְגֹו במשיחיתוכ׳ if he strapped it (the disjointed frame) with cords Ib. B. Mets.IX, 4 (read:) שהוא מְסָרֵג בו את המטה with which one girths the bedstead. M. Kat. I, 8 ומסָרְגִין את המטות you may girth the bedsteads (during the festive week). Y.Ber.III, beg.5d, a. e. כל שמסרגין עלוכ׳ a bedstead on which the girths are drawn on top is called miṭṭah, when drawn beneath, dargesh; Ned.56b (v. אַבְקָתָא); a. fr.Trnsf. a) to unite, combine. Gen. R. s. 85 (ref. to the chronological disorder in the Book of Daniel, in going from Belshazzar (ch. 5) to Darius (ch. 6), again to the first year of B. (ch. 7), and to the third year of B. (ch. 8) unite כדי לסָרֵג עלוכ׳ in order to combine the entire section as one written in the spirit of holiness; Yalk. ib. 144; Yalk. Dan. 1063 לִסְרֹוג (perh. to be read לסָרֵיג).b) to make a partition by means of net-work, like lattices Tosef.Men. X, 23 ומסרגין שם כנגדוכ׳ and there they fence in an area of about three Sah.Part. pass. מְסֹורָג. Ber.57b, v. next w. 2) to do a thing in a manner in which straps are drawn in bedsteads, i. e. in zig-zag; to skip. Tosef.Nidd.IX, 3 סֵירְגָה להוכ׳ if she skipped four days (beyond the ordinary period of menstruation); Nidd.64a סירגה ליוםוכ׳ if she skipped (from the twenty-first) to the twenty-fourth day. Y.Gitt.VII, 48c bot. ובלבד במְסָרְגִין לו provided they put cross-questions to him alternately (one question to which a positive, and one to which a negative answer are expected, so as to test his sanity).Part. pass. מְסֹורָג; f. מְסֹורֶגֶת; pl. מְסֹורָגִים, מְסֹורָגִין; מְסֹורָגֹות. Mekh. Yithro, Baḥod. s. 6 (read as;) Yalk. Ex. 292 (ref. to Ex. 20:5) בזמן שהן אינן מסורגין או בזמן שהן מס׳ (not מסרגין) are the sins of the fathers visited upon the children when the succession is uninterrupted, or even when interrupted (by a good generation)? Y.Snh.I, 19c bot. מס׳ עלו the differently marked ballots came up alternately. Tosef.Nidd.IX, 13, v. סֵירוּג.Trnsf. a) to write in broken lines (leaving a vacant space in the middle of the line); to spread. Treat. Sofrim I, 11 מְסָרְגֹווכ׳ he spreads the writing so as to make a small column of it.Part. pass. as ab. Ib. 10 רצוף שעשאו מס׳ או מס׳וכ׳ if he wrote in broken lines what is to be written in continuous lines or vice versa; או שעשה המס׳ שלא כהלכתו or if he did the spreading not in accordance with the rule.b) to trace cross-lines on stone, to carve designs. Pesik. ‘Ăniya, p. 137a> מְסָרְגִין בו carving it; Yalk. Is. 339 (omitted in Pesik. R. s. 3 2); v. סָתַת.V. סִירוּג. Hithpa. הִסְתָּרֵג to be provided with girths, be strapped. Ned.56b אי מטה מִסְתָּרֶגֶת על גבה if it be, that miṭṭah is a couch, the straps of which are drawn over the frame

פִּרְקָא, פִּי׳ch. sam(פרק cross-road), 1) cross-road. Targ. Ob. 14. 2) period.Pl. פִּרְקִין, פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳. Targ. Y. Lev. 19:29 סמוך לפִירְקֵיהוֹן near their period of puberty. Targ. Y. Num. 22:4 לפ׳ at periods (alternately). 3) joint. Targ. Y. Lev. 8:23, sq. Ib. 14:14; a. e.Tosef.Neg.IV, 12 neck, v. פִּיקָא I.Pl. as ab. Y.Taan.II, 66a bot.; Y.Meg.I, 70d top יאות סבא ידע פ׳ גרמיה the old scholar knows well the joints of his bone (the vertebrae of his spine), i. e. he knows what he talks about; Y.Yeb.IV, 6b top פ׳ גיטא, פ׳ גיטה (corr. acc.). 4) section, chapter, lesson. Pes.117a, sq. ריש פ׳ the beginning of a chapter (psalm); באמצע פ׳ in the middle of a psalm.Y.Keth.VII, beg.31b והני ראשה דפ׳ (read: רישא) this would be the same case as that treated in the beginning of this chapter (v. R. Nissim to Keth.VII, 1). Y.Ned.VIII, beg.40d עד דאחסל פִּירְקִי (not דחסל) until I have finished my chapter. Sabb.67a פ׳ דאמוראי Ms. M. (ed. פרק אמ׳), v. אֱמוֹרָאָה. Y.Kil.I, beg.26d על כל פ׳ אתאמרת does this rule refer to the entire chapter?; a. fr. 5) school held at periods, session. Kidd.31b כי הוה דריש בפ׳ when he lectured at college sessions. Ib. 71a. Pes.100a אנא איקלעי לפִירְקֵיהוכ׳ I happened to be present at the session of R. ; a. fr.Pl. פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳ Keth.62a בני פ׳ students at circuit sessions (who need not leave their homes for the sake of studying). B. Mets.64a הוה יתיבנא בשלהי פ׳ דרב (Rashi פרקין) I took my seat towards the end of Rabs sessions (having missed the beginning of the discussion); a. e.

פִּרְקָא, פִּי׳ch. sam(פרק cross-road), 1) cross-road. Targ. Ob. 14. 2) period.Pl. פִּרְקִין, פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳. Targ. Y. Lev. 19:29 סמוך לפִירְקֵיהוֹן near their period of puberty. Targ. Y. Num. 22:4 לפ׳ at periods (alternately). 3) joint. Targ. Y. Lev. 8:23, sq. Ib. 14:14; a. e.Tosef.Neg.IV, 12 neck, v. פִּיקָא I.Pl. as ab. Y.Taan.II, 66a bot.; Y.Meg.I, 70d top יאות סבא ידע פ׳ גרמיה the old scholar knows well the joints of his bone (the vertebrae of his spine), i. e. he knows what he talks about; Y.Yeb.IV, 6b top פ׳ גיטא, פ׳ גיטה (corr. acc.). 4) section, chapter, lesson. Pes.117a, sq. ריש פ׳ the beginning of a chapter (psalm); באמצע פ׳ in the middle of a psalm.Y.Keth.VII, beg.31b והני ראשה דפ׳ (read: רישא) this would be the same case as that treated in the beginning of this chapter (v. R. Nissim to Keth.VII, 1). Y.Ned.VIII, beg.40d עד דאחסל פִּירְקִי (not דחסל) until I have finished my chapter. Sabb.67a פ׳ דאמוראי Ms. M. (ed. פרק אמ׳), v. אֱמוֹרָאָה. Y.Kil.I, beg.26d על כל פ׳ אתאמרת does this rule refer to the entire chapter?; a. fr. 5) school held at periods, session. Kidd.31b כי הוה דריש בפ׳ when he lectured at college sessions. Ib. 71a. Pes.100a אנא איקלעי לפִירְקֵיהוכ׳ I happened to be present at the session of R. ; a. fr.Pl. פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳ Keth.62a בני פ׳ students at circuit sessions (who need not leave their homes for the sake of studying). B. Mets.64a הוה יתיבנא בשלהי פ׳ דרב (Rashi פרקין) I took my seat towards the end of Rabs sessions (having missed the beginning of the discussion); a. e.

פִּרְקָא, פִּי׳ch. sam(פרק cross-road), 1) cross-road. Targ. Ob. 14. 2) period.Pl. פִּרְקִין, פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳. Targ. Y. Lev. 19:29 סמוך לפִירְקֵיהוֹן near their period of puberty. Targ. Y. Num. 22:4 לפ׳ at periods (alternately). 3) joint. Targ. Y. Lev. 8:23, sq. Ib. 14:14; a. e.Tosef.Neg.IV, 12 neck, v. פִּיקָא I.Pl. as ab. Y.Taan.II, 66a bot.; Y.Meg.I, 70d top יאות סבא ידע פ׳ גרמיה the old scholar knows well the joints of his bone (the vertebrae of his spine), i. e. he knows what he talks about; Y.Yeb.IV, 6b top פ׳ גיטא, פ׳ גיטה (corr. acc.). 4) section, chapter, lesson. Pes.117a, sq. ריש פ׳ the beginning of a chapter (psalm); באמצע פ׳ in the middle of a psalm.Y.Keth.VII, beg.31b והני ראשה דפ׳ (read: רישא) this would be the same case as that treated in the beginning of this chapter (v. R. Nissim to Keth.VII, 1). Y.Ned.VIII, beg.40d עד דאחסל פִּירְקִי (not דחסל) until I have finished my chapter. Sabb.67a פ׳ דאמוראי Ms. M. (ed. פרק אמ׳), v. אֱמוֹרָאָה. Y.Kil.I, beg.26d על כל פ׳ אתאמרת does this rule refer to the entire chapter?; a. fr. 5) school held at periods, session. Kidd.31b כי הוה דריש בפ׳ when he lectured at college sessions. Ib. 71a. Pes.100a אנא איקלעי לפִירְקֵיהוכ׳ I happened to be present at the session of R. ; a. fr.Pl. פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳ Keth.62a בני פ׳ students at circuit sessions (who need not leave their homes for the sake of studying). B. Mets.64a הוה יתיבנא בשלהי פ׳ דרב (Rashi פרקין) I took my seat towards the end of Rabs sessions (having missed the beginning of the discussion); a. e.

פִּרְקָא, פִּי׳ch. sam(פרק cross-road), 1) cross-road. Targ. Ob. 14. 2) period.Pl. פִּרְקִין, פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳. Targ. Y. Lev. 19:29 סמוך לפִירְקֵיהוֹן near their period of puberty. Targ. Y. Num. 22:4 לפ׳ at periods (alternately). 3) joint. Targ. Y. Lev. 8:23, sq. Ib. 14:14; a. e.Tosef.Neg.IV, 12 neck, v. פִּיקָא I.Pl. as ab. Y.Taan.II, 66a bot.; Y.Meg.I, 70d top יאות סבא ידע פ׳ גרמיה the old scholar knows well the joints of his bone (the vertebrae of his spine), i. e. he knows what he talks about; Y.Yeb.IV, 6b top פ׳ גיטא, פ׳ גיטה (corr. acc.). 4) section, chapter, lesson. Pes.117a, sq. ריש פ׳ the beginning of a chapter (psalm); באמצע פ׳ in the middle of a psalm.Y.Keth.VII, beg.31b והני ראשה דפ׳ (read: רישא) this would be the same case as that treated in the beginning of this chapter (v. R. Nissim to Keth.VII, 1). Y.Ned.VIII, beg.40d עד דאחסל פִּירְקִי (not דחסל) until I have finished my chapter. Sabb.67a פ׳ דאמוראי Ms. M. (ed. פרק אמ׳), v. אֱמוֹרָאָה. Y.Kil.I, beg.26d על כל פ׳ אתאמרת does this rule refer to the entire chapter?; a. fr. 5) school held at periods, session. Kidd.31b כי הוה דריש בפ׳ when he lectured at college sessions. Ib. 71a. Pes.100a אנא איקלעי לפִירְקֵיהוכ׳ I happened to be present at the session of R. ; a. fr.Pl. פִּרְקֵי, פִּי׳ Keth.62a בני פ׳ students at circuit sessions (who need not leave their homes for the sake of studying). B. Mets.64a הוה יתיבנא בשלהי פ׳ דרב (Rashi פרקין) I took my seat towards the end of Rabs sessions (having missed the beginning of the discussion); a. e.

פַּרְשְׁתָאf. = h. פָּרָשָׁה, 1) cross-road, v. פָּרָשוּתָא. 2) interpretation. Targ. Y. Deut. 17:18 פַּרְשַׁת אורייתא (not פרשא; h. text משנה). 3) section of writing, Parashah, weekly Scripture lesson. Meg.4a (interpret. ולשנותה, ib.) כגון דאמרי אינשי אעבור פ׳ דאוכ׳ as people say, I will peruse this section and read it over again. Y.Ned.VIII, beg.40d עד דניחסל פַּרְשְׁתִי until I have finished my parashah; a. e.Pl. פַּרְשְׁיָיתָא (fr. פרשיתא). Ber.8b, אשלימו פַּרְשְׁיוֹתַיְיכוּוכ׳ (Hebraism, for פַּרְשְׁיָיתַיְיכוּ; Ms. M. פַּרְשַׁיְיכוּ), v. פָּרָשָׁה.

פַּרְשְׁתָאf. = h. פָּרָשָׁה, 1) cross-road, v. פָּרָשוּתָא. 2) interpretation. Targ. Y. Deut. 17:18 פַּרְשַׁת אורייתא (not פרשא; h. text משנה). 3) section of writing, Parashah, weekly Scripture lesson. Meg.4a (interpret. ולשנותה, ib.) כגון דאמרי אינשי אעבור פ׳ דאוכ׳ as people say, I will peruse this section and read it over again. Y.Ned.VIII, beg.40d עד דניחסל פַּרְשְׁתִי until I have finished my parashah; a. e.Pl. פַּרְשְׁיָיתָא (fr. פרשיתא). Ber.8b, אשלימו פַּרְשְׁיוֹתַיְיכוּוכ׳ (Hebraism, for פַּרְשְׁיָיתַיְיכוּ; Ms. M. פַּרְשַׁיְיכוּ), v. פָּרָשָׁה.

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שָׁאַל(b. h.) 1) to ask, beg; to inquire, question. Yoma 75a bot. בשר ששָׁאֲלוּ שלאוכ׳ flesh for which they asked unreasonably was given them at an unreasonable time (in the evening) Taan.4a, v. הוֹגָן. Ber.V, 2 (33a) ושוֹאֲלִין (את) הגשמיםוכ׳ (Bab. ed. ושְׁאֵלָה, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) and the prayer for rain is inserted in the Benediction of Years (the ninth section of the Prayer of Benedictions, v. שָׁנָה). Taan.I, 1 אף אני לא אמרתי לִשְׁאוֹל אלא להזכיר I also did not say, ‘to ask for rain, but to mention rain. Ib. 2. Y.Ber.V, 9b bot. שוֹאֵל צרכיו, v. צוֹרֶךְ. B. Bath.IX, 1 יִשְׁאֲלוּוכ׳, v. פֶּתַח. Ab. IV, 18 ואל תִּשְׁאַל לו בשעת נדרו ask not thy neighbor (as to circumstances which may change the aspects of his vow) at the moment of his vow, v. infra Nif. Ib. V, 7 שואל כענין ומשיבוכ׳ he (the wise student) asks pertinent questions, and (when asked) replies in agreement with the adopted law. Bekh.36a עמד השואל וש׳ יכ׳ the questioner (at college) arose and asked Ned.20a שָׁאֲלוּ אתוכ׳ they asked Imma Shalom Nidd.68b בראשון לא שָׁאַלְתִּי … שלא שאלתי as to the first day I did not ask, and I made a mistake in not asking. Gen. R. s. 68 מטרונה שָׁאֶלָהוכ׳ a Roman matron asked R. José ; a. v. fr.Yoma 73a כיצד שוֹאֲלִין השואל פניו כלפי נִשְׁאָל הנשאלוכ׳ how were the Urim and Tummim consulted? The inquirer had his face directed to him (the priest) who was consulted, and the latter directed himself to the Divine Presence (the Urim and Tummim). Ib. אין שואלין שניוכ׳ you must not ask two questions at a time; a. fr.ש׳ בשלום (or sub. בשלום) to salute. M. Kat. 21b הוא שואל בשלום אחרים … אחרים אין שואלין בשלומווכ׳ he (the mourner during the first thirty days) may inquire after the peace of others, for they dwell in peace, but others must not inquire after his peace, for he does not dwell in peace. Ib. משיב ואינו שואל, v. שוּב; a. fr. 2) (cmp. דָּרַש) to discuss, lecture. Tosef.Meg.IV (III), 5 שואלין הילכותוכ׳ the laws of Passover are expounded on Passover, v. עִנְיָן; Meg.29b שואלין בהלכותוכ׳; Y.Pes.I, 27b bot.; Bab. ib. 6a שואלין בהלכותוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. שואלין ודורשין, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note); Snh.12b; a. fr. 3) (cmp. בְּעֵי I) to beg to remark, to submit. Y.Shek.I, beg.45d ר׳ חזקיה ש׳ מעתהוכ׳ R. H. remarked, according to this Ib. 46b. Y.Snh.IX, 27a bot.; a. fr. 4) to ask for a loan, to borrow. Sabb.XXIII, 1 שואל אדם מחבירווכ׳ a man may borrow of his neighbor vessels of wine or oil (on the Sabbath), but must not say הַלְוֵינִי (v. infra Hif.); a. fr.Esp. to borrow an object for use (with ref. to Ex. 22:13 sq.). B. Mets. 103a שואל אדם בטובו לעולם if a person borrows an object (saying, ‘lend it to me) for its usefulness, it is a standing loan (he is permitted to take it whenever he desires to use it). Ib. VIII, 1 השואל את הפרה וש׳ בעליה עמה if a person borrows a cow for work, borrowing her owner with her (the owner lending his personal service). Ib. 95b שָׁאֲלָהּ ואחר כך ש׳וכ׳ if he borrowed the cow only, and after a while borrowed her owner; a. fr.שוֹאֵל the borrower of an object. Ib. a חיובא דש׳ the responsibility of the borrower. Ib. 96b top ש׳ הוי או שוכר הוי is he legally considered a borrower or a hirer? Ib. III, 2 והש׳ ישלםוכ׳ and the borrower must indemnify the hirer; a. fr.Sabb.96b אורגי … לשוֹאֲלֵיהֶן (Ar. לשווליהן, v. שְׁוַולְיָא) the curtain weavers were wont to throw the clue over to such as would borrow it from them.Part. pass. שָׁאוּל; f. שְׁאוּלָה Taan.23b טלית ש׳ היתהוכ׳ it was a cloak that had been lent to me, I had borrowed it for such a purpose (for ordinary wear), but not for that purpose (to wear it when carrying a load). Ib. IV, 8 שבהן … בכלי לבן שְׁאוּלִיןוכ׳ on those days the maidens of Zion went out (to the vineyards) in white garments borrowed for the purpose, in order not to put to shame those who had none; a. fr.(Gen. R. s. 65 לא שאול … ולא שאולה, v. next w.Ib. s. 19 שאולת חומץ, read: שוֹאֶלֶת, a woman asking for some vinegar. Hif. הִשְׁאִיל 1) to cause inquiry, to inquire. Ber.6b כל הרגיל …הקב״ה מַשְׁאִיל בו if one who comes regularly to synagogue fails to come one day, the Lord holds inquiry about him. Yeb.76b עד שאתה משאיל עליו … שְׁאַלוכ׳ instead of inquiring about him whether or not he is fit for government, ask whether Ib. (in Chald. dict.) אאבוה קא משאיל he (Saul) asked (Abner) to inquire who his (Davids) father was. B. Bath. 123a היתה יושבת … ומַשְׁאֶלֶתוכ׳ she sat at the cross-roads and made inquiries; a. e. 2) to lend. Sabb.148a (ref. to Mish. ib. XIII, 1, v. supra) מאי שנא הַשְׁאִילֵינִי ומאי שנא הלויני what is the difference, whether you say hashileni (lend me) or halveni (loan me)? השאיליני לא אתי למיכתבוכ׳ when you say ‘lend me, no document is expected to be written for it Ned.IV, 6 חמודר … לא יַשְׁאִילֶנּוּ ולא יִשְׁאַל ממנו he who by his neighbors vow is forbidden any benefit at his hand, must neither lend him nor borrow from him B. Mets. 116a דברים העשויין להַשְׁאִילוכ׳ things which are frequently lent out or hired out; a. fr.מַשְׁאִיל the lender, owner of the lent object. Ib. 96a; a. fr.(Pesik. Vayhi, p. 63a> שאילו השאיל, v. שָׁחַל II. Nif. נִשְׁאַל 1) to be asked, consulted. Yoma 73a בגדים … נ׳ בהן when the war chaplain is consulted, he wears the garments which the high priest wears when he officiates, v. supra. Ib. 85a נִשְׁאֲלָה שאלהוכ׳ the following question was asked in their presence; Kidd.40b. Ned.81a דבר זה נ׳ לחכמיםוכ׳ this problem was placed before the scholars and the prophets, and they could not solve it ; a. fr. 2) נ׳ על to allow ones self to be asked about the circumstances of a case, to appear before a scholar for a decision on a ritual case. Y.Ter.VIII, 46a bot. שדעתו להִישָּׁאֵל עליה a case (of Trumah) which he had intended to have a scholar decide. Ib. הריני מניחה על מנת שאֶישָּׁאֵל עליה I put it (the doubtful Trumah) aside with the intention of having it decided Toh. III, 6 שאין בו דעת להִשָּׁאֵל (a child) whose mind is not sufficiently developed to be questioned. Ib. V, 5 אם נִשְׁאֲלוּ זהוכ׳ if they come for a decision, each of them separately; a. fr.Esp. נ׳ (על נדרו) to come before a scholar for absolution from a vow. Ned.90a קונם … ולמי שאֶשָּׁאֵל עליו if one vows, I will not be benefited by N. N., nor by any scholar to whom I may apply for absolution from this vow; נ׳ על הראשוןוכ׳ he must first apply for absolution from the first part of the vow, and then from the second. Ib. נ׳ על נדרו … נזרו he must first apply for absolution from his vow of abstinence, and then from his nazaritic vow. Ib. 69a נִשְׁאָלִין על ההקםוכ׳ you may apply for absolution in order to revoke your confirmation (of your daughters vow), but you cannot do so in order to revoke your invalidation; a. fr. 3) to be borrowed, to do gratuitous service. B. Mets.96a שותפין ששאלו ונ׳ לאחד מהן if partners borrow an animal for work, and its owner lends his services to one of them individually. Ib. האומר לשלוחו צא והִשָּׁאֵל ליוכ׳ (not והשאיל) if a person says to his deputy, go out and do work in my behalf together with my cow (lent to my neighbor). Ib. האומר לעבדו צא והשאל עםוכ׳ if he says to his slave, go out and do work ; a. e.

שָׁאַל(b. h.) 1) to ask, beg; to inquire, question. Yoma 75a bot. בשר ששָׁאֲלוּ שלאוכ׳ flesh for which they asked unreasonably was given them at an unreasonable time (in the evening) Taan.4a, v. הוֹגָן. Ber.V, 2 (33a) ושוֹאֲלִין (את) הגשמיםוכ׳ (Bab. ed. ושְׁאֵלָה, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l.) and the prayer for rain is inserted in the Benediction of Years (the ninth section of the Prayer of Benedictions, v. שָׁנָה). Taan.I, 1 אף אני לא אמרתי לִשְׁאוֹל אלא להזכיר I also did not say, ‘to ask for rain, but to mention rain. Ib. 2. Y.Ber.V, 9b bot. שוֹאֵל צרכיו, v. צוֹרֶךְ. B. Bath.IX, 1 יִשְׁאֲלוּוכ׳, v. פֶּתַח. Ab. IV, 18 ואל תִּשְׁאַל לו בשעת נדרו ask not thy neighbor (as to circumstances which may change the aspects of his vow) at the moment of his vow, v. infra Nif. Ib. V, 7 שואל כענין ומשיבוכ׳ he (the wise student) asks pertinent questions, and (when asked) replies in agreement with the adopted law. Bekh.36a עמד השואל וש׳ יכ׳ the questioner (at college) arose and asked Ned.20a שָׁאֲלוּ אתוכ׳ they asked Imma Shalom Nidd.68b בראשון לא שָׁאַלְתִּי … שלא שאלתי as to the first day I did not ask, and I made a mistake in not asking. Gen. R. s. 68 מטרונה שָׁאֶלָהוכ׳ a Roman matron asked R. José ; a. v. fr.Yoma 73a כיצד שוֹאֲלִין השואל פניו כלפי נִשְׁאָל הנשאלוכ׳ how were the Urim and Tummim consulted? The inquirer had his face directed to him (the priest) who was consulted, and the latter directed himself to the Divine Presence (the Urim and Tummim). Ib. אין שואלין שניוכ׳ you must not ask two questions at a time; a. fr.ש׳ בשלום (or sub. בשלום) to salute. M. Kat. 21b הוא שואל בשלום אחרים … אחרים אין שואלין בשלומווכ׳ he (the mourner during the first thirty days) may inquire after the peace of others, for they dwell in peace, but others must not inquire after his peace, for he does not dwell in peace. Ib. משיב ואינו שואל, v. שוּב; a. fr. 2) (cmp. דָּרַש) to discuss, lecture. Tosef.Meg.IV (III), 5 שואלין הילכותוכ׳ the laws of Passover are expounded on Passover, v. עִנְיָן; Meg.29b שואלין בהלכותוכ׳; Y.Pes.I, 27b bot.; Bab. ib. 6a שואלין בהלכותוכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. שואלין ודורשין, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note); Snh.12b; a. fr. 3) (cmp. בְּעֵי I) to beg to remark, to submit. Y.Shek.I, beg.45d ר׳ חזקיה ש׳ מעתהוכ׳ R. H. remarked, according to this Ib. 46b. Y.Snh.IX, 27a bot.; a. fr. 4) to ask for a loan, to borrow. Sabb.XXIII, 1 שואל אדם מחבירווכ׳ a man may borrow of his neighbor vessels of wine or oil (on the Sabbath), but must not say הַלְוֵינִי (v. infra Hif.); a. fr.Esp. to borrow an object for use (with ref. to Ex. 22:13 sq.). B. Mets. 103a שואל אדם בטובו לעולם if a person borrows an object (saying, ‘lend it to me) for its usefulness, it is a standing loan (he is permitted to take it whenever he desires to use it). Ib. VIII, 1 השואל את הפרה וש׳ בעליה עמה if a person borrows a cow for work, borrowing her owner with her (the owner lending his personal service). Ib. 95b שָׁאֲלָהּ ואחר כך ש׳וכ׳ if he borrowed the cow only, and after a while borrowed her owner; a. fr.שוֹאֵל the borrower of an object. Ib. a חיובא דש׳ the responsibility of the borrower. Ib. 96b top ש׳ הוי או שוכר הוי is he legally considered a borrower or a hirer? Ib. III, 2 והש׳ ישלםוכ׳ and the borrower must indemnify the hirer; a. fr.Sabb.96b אורגי … לשוֹאֲלֵיהֶן (Ar. לשווליהן, v. שְׁוַולְיָא) the curtain weavers were wont to throw the clue over to such as would borrow it from them.Part. pass. שָׁאוּל; f. שְׁאוּלָה Taan.23b טלית ש׳ היתהוכ׳ it was a cloak that had been lent to me, I had borrowed it for such a purpose (for ordinary wear), but not for that purpose (to wear it when carrying a load). Ib. IV, 8 שבהן … בכלי לבן שְׁאוּלִיןוכ׳ on those days the maidens of Zion went out (to the vineyards) in white garments borrowed for the purpose, in order not to put to shame those who had none; a. fr.(Gen. R. s. 65 לא שאול … ולא שאולה, v. next w.Ib. s. 19 שאולת חומץ, read: שוֹאֶלֶת, a woman asking for some vinegar. Hif. הִשְׁאִיל 1) to cause inquiry, to inquire. Ber.6b כל הרגיל …הקב״ה מַשְׁאִיל בו if one who comes regularly to synagogue fails to come one day, the Lord holds inquiry about him. Yeb.76b עד שאתה משאיל עליו … שְׁאַלוכ׳ instead of inquiring about him whether or not he is fit for government, ask whether Ib. (in Chald. dict.) אאבוה קא משאיל he (Saul) asked (Abner) to inquire who his (Davids) father was. B. Bath. 123a היתה יושבת … ומַשְׁאֶלֶתוכ׳ she sat at the cross-roads and made inquiries; a. e. 2) to lend. Sabb.148a (ref. to Mish. ib. XIII, 1, v. supra) מאי שנא הַשְׁאִילֵינִי ומאי שנא הלויני what is the difference, whether you say hashileni (lend me) or halveni (loan me)? השאיליני לא אתי למיכתבוכ׳ when you say ‘lend me, no document is expected to be written for it Ned.IV, 6 חמודר … לא יַשְׁאִילֶנּוּ ולא יִשְׁאַל ממנו he who by his neighbors vow is forbidden any benefit at his hand, must neither lend him nor borrow from him B. Mets. 116a דברים העשויין להַשְׁאִילוכ׳ things which are frequently lent out or hired out; a. fr.מַשְׁאִיל the lender, owner of the lent object. Ib. 96a; a. fr.(Pesik. Vayhi, p. 63a> שאילו השאיל, v. שָׁחַל II. Nif. נִשְׁאַל 1) to be asked, consulted. Yoma 73a בגדים … נ׳ בהן when the war chaplain is consulted, he wears the garments which the high priest wears when he officiates, v. supra. Ib. 85a נִשְׁאֲלָה שאלהוכ׳ the following question was asked in their presence; Kidd.40b. Ned.81a דבר זה נ׳ לחכמיםוכ׳ this problem was placed before the scholars and the prophets, and they could not solve it ; a. fr. 2) נ׳ על to allow ones self to be asked about the circumstances of a case, to appear before a scholar for a decision on a ritual case. Y.Ter.VIII, 46a bot. שדעתו להִישָּׁאֵל עליה a case (of Trumah) which he had intended to have a scholar decide. Ib. הריני מניחה על מנת שאֶישָּׁאֵל עליה I put it (the doubtful Trumah) aside with the intention of having it decided Toh. III, 6 שאין בו דעת להִשָּׁאֵל (a child) whose mind is not sufficiently developed to be questioned. Ib. V, 5 אם נִשְׁאֲלוּ זהוכ׳ if they come for a decision, each of them separately; a. fr.Esp. נ׳ (על נדרו) to come before a scholar for absolution from a vow. Ned.90a קונם … ולמי שאֶשָּׁאֵל עליו if one vows, I will not be benefited by N. N., nor by any scholar to whom I may apply for absolution from this vow; נ׳ על הראשוןוכ׳ he must first apply for absolution from the first part of the vow, and then from the second. Ib. נ׳ על נדרו … נזרו he must first apply for absolution from his vow of abstinence, and then from his nazaritic vow. Ib. 69a נִשְׁאָלִין על ההקםוכ׳ you may apply for absolution in order to revoke your confirmation (of your daughters vow), but you cannot do so in order to revoke your invalidation; a. fr. 3) to be borrowed, to do gratuitous service. B. Mets.96a שותפין ששאלו ונ׳ לאחד מהן if partners borrow an animal for work, and its owner lends his services to one of them individually. Ib. האומר לשלוחו צא והִשָּׁאֵל ליוכ׳ (not והשאיל) if a person says to his deputy, go out and do work in my behalf together with my cow (lent to my neighbor). Ib. האומר לעבדו צא והשאל עםוכ׳ if he says to his slave, go out and do work ; a. e.