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21 звичайний
usual, ordinary; habitual; ( звичний) customary; common, simple, plainзвичайний користувач комп. — real user
звичайний режим юр. —; customary regime
звичайний ступінь грам. — positive degree
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22 staple
staple ['steɪpəl]1 noun(a) (for paper) agrafe f(b) (for wire) cavalier m, crampillon m(c) (foodstuff) aliment m ou denrée f de base;∎ kitchen or household staples provisions fpl de base;∎ staples are being rationed en ce moment, les produits de première nécessité sont rationnés(e) (constituent) partie f intégrante;∎ divorce cases are a staple of his law practice son cabinet s'occupe essentiellement de divorces;∎ sex scandals are a staple of the tabloid press la presse à sensation se nourrit des scandales sexuels;∎ such accusations are a staple of the annual conference ces accusations reviennent régulièrement à chaque conférence annuelle(paper, upholstery etc) agrafer;∎ staple the sheets together agrafez les feuilles;∎ posters were stapled on or onto or to the walls des posters étaient agrafés aux murs(food, products) de base; (export, crop) principal;∎ a staple diet of rice and beans un régime à base de riz et de haricots;∎ for young children, milk is the staple diet pour les jeunes enfants, le lait est l'aliment de base;∎ figurative the staple diet of these TV channels consists of soap operas les programmes de ces chaînes de télévision sont essentiellement constitués de feuilletons;∎ their staple commodity is cotton le coton est leur produit de base;∎ tanks are a staple feature of conventional warfare les tanks sont un des éléments de base de la guerre conventionnelle►► Textiles staple fibre fibre f artificielle à filer;staple gun agrafeuse f (professionnelle);staple remover arrache-agrafes m inv -
23 mode
режим ( работы), см. тж. regime, condition; вид ( движения) ; форма ( колебаний), см. тж. shape; метод, способ, см. тж. methodground map pencil mode — режим обзора местности узким лучом [в узкой зоне]
ground map spoiling mode — режим обзора местности широким лучом [в широкой зоне]
inertial mode of navigation — инерциальный режим навигации, инерциальная навигация
normal mode of vibration — основной вид колебаний; режим или форма свободных [собственных] колебаний; pl. собственные колебания
secondary mode of starting — дополнительный [резервный] режим запуска (от источника, использующего другой вид энергии)
standby mode of operation — аварийный [резервный] режим работы
— Al mode— fan mode— gun mode -
24 Fermi, Enrico
[br]b. 29 September 1901 Rome, Italyd. 28 November 1954 Chicago, USA[br]Italian nuclear physicist.[br]Fermi was one of the most versatile of twentieth-century physicists, one of the few to excel in both theory and experiment. His greatest theoretical achievements lay in the field of statistics and his theory of beta decay. His statistics, parallel to but independent of Dirac, were the key to the modern theory of metals and the statistical modds of the atomic nucleus. On the experimental side, his most notable discoveries were artificial radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment and the realization of a controlled nuclear chain reaction, in the world's first nuclear reactor.Fermi received a conventional education with a chemical bias, but reached proficiency in mathematics and physics largely through his own reading. He studied at Pisa University, where he taught himself modern physics and then travelled to extend his knowledge, spending time with Max Born at Göttingen. On his return to Italy, he secured posts in Florence and, in 1927, in Rome, where he obtained the first Italian Chair in Theoretical Physics, a subject in which Italy had so far lagged behind. He helped to bring about a rebirth of physics in Italy and devoted himself to the application of statistics to his model of the atom. For this work, Fermi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1938, but in December of that year, finding the Fascist regime uncongenial, he transferred to the USA and Columbia University. The news that nuclear fission had been achieved broke shortly before the Second World War erupted and it stimulated Fermi to consider this a way of generating secondary nuclear emission and the initiation of chain reactions. His experiments in this direction led first to the discovery of slow neutrons.Fermi's work assumed a more practical aspect when he was invited to join the Manhattan Project for the construction of the first atomic bomb. His small-scale work at Columbia became large-scale at Chicago University. This culminated on 2 December 1942 when the first controlled nuclear reaction took place at Stagg Field, Chicago, an historic event indeed. Later, Fermi spent most of the period from September 1944 to early 1945 at Los Alamos, New Mexico, taking part in the preparations for the first test explosion of the atomic bomb on 16 July 1945. President Truman invited Fermi to serve on his Committee to advise him on the use of the bomb. Then Chicago University established an Institute for Nuclear Studies and offered Fermi a professorship, which he took up early in 1946, spending the rest of his relatively short life there.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1938.Bibliography1962–5, Collected Papers, ed. E.Segrè et al., 2 vols, Chicago (includes a biographical introduction and bibliography).Further ReadingL.Fermi, 1954, Atoms in the Family, Chicago (a personal account by his wife).E.Segrè, 1970, Enrico Fermi, Physicist, Chicago (deals with the more scientific aspects of his life).LRD
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