contendere+qc+a+qn

cursus, ūs, m. [id.], a running ( on foot, on a horse, chariot, ship, etc.), a course, way, march, passage, voyage, journey, etc. (very freq.).

Lit.

Of living beings:

ingressus, cursus, accubitio, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 94:

ibi cursu, luctando... sese exercebant,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 24; cf. id. Most. 1, 2, 73, and Hor. A. P. 412:

quique pedum cursu valet, etc.,

Verg. A. 5, 67:

cursu superare canem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 51:

milites cursu exanimati,

Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

huc magno cursu intenderunt,

at full speed, id. ib. 3, 19:

magno cursu concitatus,

id. B. C. 1, 70:

cursu incitatus,

id. ib. 1, 79; 3, 46; Auct. B. Alex. 20; cf.:

in cursu esse,

Cic. Att. 5, 16, 1; cf. II. fin. infra:

strictis gladiis cursu in hostem feruntur,

advance at a run, Liv. 9, 13, 2:

effuso cursu,

id. 2, 50, 6:

eo cursu proripere, ut, etc.,

id. 24, 26, 12; 31, 21, 6:

eo cursu, Auct. B. Alex 30: eodem cursu contendere,

right onward, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; cf. id. B. G. 6, 67: citato cursu. Just. 11, 15, 2:

cursus in Graeciam per tuam provinciam,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 10:

quis umquam tam brevi tempore tot loca adire, tantos cursus conficere potuit?

id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34:

(terrae) tuis non dicam cursibus, sed victoriis lustratae sunt,

id. ib. 2, 5:

agmen cursūs magis quam itineris modo ducit,

Curt. 5, 13, 5; 6, 1, 12; Just. 15, 3, 11; 11, 8, 2:

Miltiades cursum direxit, quo tendebat,

Nep. Milt. 1, 6; Vell. 2, 19, 4; 1, 4, 1:

Ulixi per mare,

Hor. C. 1, 6, 7:

iterare cursus relictos,

id. ib. 1, 34, 4:

Naxon, ait Liber, cursus advertite vestros,

Ov. M. 3, 636 et saep.; cf. B.: cursum per [p. 504] auras Derigere, Verg. A. 6, 194; so of flying, Ov. M. 2, 838; 4, 787 al.—

Cursum tenere (in a march or on shipboard), to hold one's course, to maintain a direct course:

equites cursum tenere atque insulam capere non potuerant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

Dionysius cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; Caes. B. G. 5, 8; cf. 2. b. —

Of inanimate objects:

solis cursus lunaeque meatus Expediam,

Lucr. 5, 77; cf. id. 5, 772 al.:

lunae,

id. 5, 629; cf. id. 5, 630:

stellarum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

neque clara suo percurrere fulmina cursu Perpetuo possint,

Lucr. 1, 1003:

si lacus emissus lapsu et cursu suo ad mare profluxisset,

Cic. Div. 1, 44, 100; so of the course or flow of a stream, Ov. M. 1, 282; 9, 18; Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 85:

longarum navium,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8; cf. Cic. Mur. 15, 33; id. Off. 3, 12, 50 al.:

Aquilonis et Austri,

Lucr. 5, 688; cf. id. 6, 302:

menstrui,

Plin. 11, 39, 94, § 230:

quadripertiti venarum,

id. 16, 39, 76, § 195 et saep.—

Cursum tenere, as supra, 1. b.:

tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut nulla earum (navium) cursum tenere posset,

Caes. B. G. 4, 28.—

Meton.

Cursum exspectare, to wait for a fair wind (lit. for a passage), Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1.—

(Abstr. pro concr.) Cursus publici, in the time of the emperors, posts or relays divided into stations, for the speedy transmission of information upon state affairs, Cod. Just. 12, 51; Cod. Th. 8, 5; Inscr. Orell. 3181; 3329; cf.

. equi publici,

Amm. 14, 6, 16:

vehicula publica,

id. 21, 13, 7:

cursus vehicularius,

Capitol. Ant. P. 12, 3:

vehicularis,

Dig. 50, 4, 18, § 4:

cursus fiscalis,

Spart. Had. 7; v. Suet. Aug. 49.—

Trop. (freq. in Cic. and Quint.), a course, progress, direction, way:

qui cursus rerum, qui exitus futurus sit,

Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; cf. Tac. H. 4, 34; id. Agr. 39:

implicari aliquo certo genere cursuque vivendi,

Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117:

vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,

id. Sest. 21, 47:

reliquus vitae cursus,

id. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

totius vitae cursum videre,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

omnem vitae suae cursum conficere,

id. Cael. 17, 39:

in omni vitae cursu optimum visum est, ut, etc.,

Macr. S. 1, 2, 3:

temporum,

Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 2:

tuorum honorum,

id. ib. 3, 11, 2; cf. Tac. H. 1, 48:

continuus proeliorum,

id. Agr. 27 al.:

cursus vocis per omnis sonos,

Cic. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

cursus verborum,

id. ib. 1, 35, 161; so of the motion or flow of discourse, etc., id. Part. Or. 15, 52; Quint. 8, prooem. § 27;

9, 4, 70: cursus hic et sonus rotundae volubilisque sententiae,

Gell. 11, 13, 4:

quem enim cursum industria mea tenere potuisset sine forensibus causis, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 11; cf. id. Or. 1, 4:

nos in eodem cursu fuimus a Sullā dictatore ad eosdem fere consules,

id. Brut. 96, 328; so,

esse in cursu,

to go on, continue, Ov. M. 13, 508; id. F. 6, 362.

dēclāmātĭo, ōnis, f. [declamo].

Exercise in oratorical delivery, exercise or practice in speaking, declamation (class.;

most freq. in Quint.): cum sit declamatio forensium actionum meditatio, etc.,

Quint. 4, 2, 29; cf. id. 2, 10, 4; 12 et saep.:

in quotidiana declamatione utilis, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 6; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 4, 7; 2, 11, 26.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concreto), a theme, subject for declamation, called also causa (v. h. v.), Quint. 1, 2, 13; 10, 2, 12; 10, 5, 14; cf. Sen. Contr. 1 praef.— Poet. also of a person who serves as a theme, Juv. 10, 167.—

In a bad sense, loud, eager talking, bawling (so several times in Cic.):

desinamus aliquando vulgari et pervagata declamatione contendere,

Cic. Planc. 19, 47: sequitur ut materiae abhorrenti a veritate, declamatio adhibeatur, [p. 521] Tac. Dial. 35:

non placet mihi inquisitio candidati, non declamatio potius quam persalutatio,

Cic. Mur. 21, 44.

dŏlus, i, m. [Sanscr. dal-bhas, deceit; Gr. dolos, cunning, delear, bait]. Orig., a device, artifice; hence, evil intent, wrongdoing with a view to the consequences (opp. culpa, negligence; cf. also: fallacia, fraus, astutia, calliditas).—In the older, and esp. the jurid. lang.: dolus malus, a standing expression for guile, fraud, deceit: doli vocabulum nunc tantum in malis utimur, apud antiquos etiam in bonis rebus utebatur. Unde adhuc dicimus Sine dolo malo, nimirum quia solebat dici et bonus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 10 Müll.: in quibus ipsis (formulis) cum ex eo (sc. Aquillio) quaereretur, quid esset dolus malus? respondebat;

cum esset aliud simulatum, aliud actum,

Cic. Off. 3, 14, 60; cf. id. Top. 9 fin.; and id. N. D. 3, 30: Labeo sic definit: Dolum malum esse omnem calliditatem, fallaciam, machinationem ad circumveniendum, fallendum, decipiendum alterum adhibitam, Dig. 4, 3, 1; so, dolus malus, acc. to Cic. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 24; id. Fl. 30, 74; id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

dolo malo instipulari,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 25; in a pub. law formula in Liv. 1, 24 fin.; and 38, 11; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 9 Don.; Dig. 4, 3 tit.: de dolo malo, and ib. 44, 4 tit.: de doli mali et metus exceptione, et saep.; opp. culpa, Cod. 5, 40, 9.—Far more freq. and class. (but rarely in Cic.),

Without malus, guile, deceit, deception:

haud dicam dolo,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 53:

non dolo dicam tibi,

id. ib. 2, 4, 79; id. Men. 2, 1, 3; ita omnes meos dolos, fallacias, Praestigias praestrinxit commoditas patris, Poëta ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73; cf.:

huic quia bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,

Sall. C. 11, 2:

aliquem ductare dolis,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 109:

consuere,

id. Am. 1, 1, 211:

versare,

Verg. A. 2, 62:

nectere,

Liv. 27, 28 init. et saep.:

nam doli non doli sunt, nisi astu colas,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 30;

so with astu,

Suet. Tib. 65; Verg. A. 11, 704; cf.

with astutia,

Sall. C. 26, 2:

per sycophantiam atque per doctos dolos,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 70; cf. ib. 113:

per dolum atque insidias,

Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 1;

and with this last cf.: magis virtute quam dolo contendere, aut insidiis niti,

id. ib. 1, 13, 6.—Prov.:

dolo pugnandum est, dum quis par non est armis,

Nep. Hann. 10:

tempus atque occasionem fraudis ac doli quaerere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1;

so with fraus,

Liv. 1, 53:

consilio etiam additus dolus,

id. 1, 11:

per dolum ac proditionem,

id. 2, 3:

dolis instructus et arte Pelasgā,

Verg. A. 2, 152 et saep.:

subterranei = cuniculi,

Flor. 1, 12, 9:

volpis,

Lucr. 3, 742; cf. id. 5, 858 and 863; Vulg. Matt. 26, 4 et saep.—

Transf., the means or instrument of deceit:

dolos saltu deludit, i. e. the nets,

Ov. Hal. 25:

subterraneis dolis peractum urbis excidium,

Flor. 1, 12, 9.—Dolus, as a deity, Val. Fl. 2, 205:

superavit dolum Trojanum,

Dolon, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 142.—

= culpa:

dolo factum suo,

by his own fault, Hor. S. 1, 6, 90.

hasta ( asta), ae, f. [Sanscr. hastas, hand; cf. Gr. root chad- in chandanô, pre-hendo], a spear (syn.: hastile, dolo, gaesum, sarisa, sparus, lancea, pilum, spiculum, telum, etc.).

Lit.

Most freq. as a military weapon, a lance, pike, javelin (cf. Becker's Antiq. III. 2, p. 242 sq.):

nec eminus hastis aut comminus gladiis uteretur,

Cic. de Sen. 6, 19: dum transit, striderat hasta, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 817 P. (Ann. v. 365 Vahl.): Hastati spargunt hastas, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 287 ib.):

evelli jussit eam, qua erat transfixus, hastam,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97:

amentatus hastas torquebit,

id. de Or. 1, 57, 242; cf. id. Brut. 78, 271; id. Top. 17, 65:

hastas vibrare,

id. de Or. 2, 80, 325:

jactare,

id. ib. 2, 78, 316:

dirigere in aliquem,

Ov. M. 8, 66:

contendere,

to hurl, Verg. A. 10, 521:

protendere aut colligere,

Tac. A. 2, 21 al. —As a symbol of war, sent in making a declaration of the same, Gell. 10, 27, 3; Paul. ex Fest. p. 101 Müll., and thrown into the enemy's territory, Liv 1, 32 fin.; Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 9, 53: pura, i. e. without iron, given to brave soldiers as a mark of distinction, Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 102; Suet. Claud. 28; Inscr. Orell. 3457; cf. Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 760, and Fest. l. l.— As the symbol of legal ownership: festuca uti quasi hastae loco, signo quodam justi dominii, Gai Inst. 4, 16.—

Transf., beyond the milit. sphere:

jacet, diffidit, abjecit hastas,

i. e. has lost his courage, Cic. Mur. 21, 45.—

A spear stuck in the ground at public auctions or where the tribunals of the cenlumviri were held (orig. as a sign of booty gained in battle or of magisterial authority):

est enim ausus (Sulla) dicere, hasta posita, cum bona in foro venderet et bonorum virorum et locupletium et certe civium praedam se suam vendere,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 27; cf.:

hastam in foro ponere et bona civium voci subicere praeconis,

id. ib. 2, 23, 83:

hasta posita pro aede Jovis Statoris, bona voci acerbissimae subjecta praeconis,

id. Phil. 2, 26, 64:

quos non illa inflnita hasta satiavit,

id. ib. 4, 4, 9:

emptio ab hasta,

id. Att. 12, 3, 2:

comitibus eorum sub hasta venditis,

Liv. 23, 38, 7: municipia Italiae splendidissima sub hasta venierunt, [p. 842] Flor. 3, 21, 27:

just hastae,

Tac. A. 13, 28:

cum censores se jam locationibus abstinerent, convenere ad eos, qui hastae hujus generis assueverant,

Liv. 24, 18, 10; as a badge of dignity:

hunc miratur adhuc centum gravis hasta virorum,

Mart. 7, 63, 7.—Hence, transf., the centumviral court:

ut centumviralem hastam, quam quaestura functi consuerant cogere, decemviri cogerent,

Suet. Aug. 36 fin. —

A little spear with which a bride's hair was parted into locks, Ov. F. 2, 560.—

A spear, as a gymnastic weapon, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 38; 3, 3, 24; id. Most. 1, 2, 73.—

Transf.

Of the form of a comet: jubae effigies mutata in hasta est. Plin. 2, 25, 22, § 90.—

I. q. membrum virile, Auct. Priap. 45, 1.

hŭmĭlĭtas, ātis, f. [humilis], lowness (acc. to humilis, I.).

Lit.:

naves omnes actuarias imperat fieri, quam ad rem humilitas multum adjuvat (shortly before: naves paulo facit humiliores),

Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 3:

arborum,

Sall. J. 49, 5:

aliorum animalium ea est humilitas, ut cibum terrestrem rostris facile contingant,

low stature, Cic. N. D. 2 47, 122:

sidera multum inter se aut altitudine aut humilitate distantia,

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:

quanta humilitate luna feratur, terram paene contingens,

id. Div. 2, 43, 91.—

Trop.

Of rank, birth, or influence, lowness, meanness, insignificance: malorum turba quaedam, paupertas, ignobilitas, humilitas, solitudo, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 29:

propter humilitatem et obscuritatem,

id. Off. 2, 13, 45:

humilitatem cum dignitate contendere,

id. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

alicujus despicere,

id. Phil. 13, 10, 23:

obicere humilitatem alicui,

Liv. 26, 31, 4:

ex humilitate sua,

Caes. B. G. 5, 25:

infima natalium,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37:

generis,

Sall. J. 73, 4:

generis ac nominis,

Suet. Vesp. 4:

obliterata quoque scrutabimur, nec deterrebit quarundam rerum humilitas,

Plin. 14, 1, 1, § 7.—

Littleness of mind, meanness, baseness, abjectness:

habet levitatem laetitia gestiens, humilitatem metus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 27; id. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

et dejecto (capite) humilitas et supino arrogantia ostenditur,

Quint. 11, 3, 69; so,

opp. arrogantia,

Caes. B. C. 1, 85, 5:

saepe virtus et magnificentia plus proficit ad misericordiam commovendam quam humilitas et obsecratio,

Cic. Inv. 1, 56, 109:

summittere se in humilitatem causam dicentium,

Liv. 38, 52, 2:

asinorum,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 180.—

In eccl. Lat., in a good sense, opp. to pride, lowness, humility, Lact. 5, 15; Sulp. Sever. Vit. S. Mart. 2 fin. et saep.

idcirco or iccirco, adv. [id-circa], on that account, for that reason, therefore (freq. and class.; cf.: itaque, igitur, ergo; ideo, propterea; quare, quam ob rem, etc.).

Absol. (rare):

idcirco moneo vos ego hoc,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 28:

ille Cliniae servos tardiusculus est: Idcirco huic nostro tradita'st provincia,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 5:

quod id quod factum sit, aliud alii videatur esse, et idcirco alius alio nomine id appellet,

Cic. Inv. 1, 8, 11; Caes. B. C. 1, 42, 3:

data Romanis venia est indigna poëtis. Idcircone vager scribamque licenter?

Hor. A. P. 265:

et idcirco disceptatione sublata pellitur e medio sapientia,

Lact. 5, 1, 5. —

Rel. (so most freq.).

Corresp. to causal sentences, with quod, quia, quoniam, or si:

idcirco arcessor, nuptias quod mihi apparari sensit,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 7:

negant, sapientem idcirco virum bonum esse, quod eum sua sponte bonitas delectet, sed quod, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16; cf. id. Fam. 9, 1, 2; Quint. 5, 10, 119:

idcirco quidam, comoedia necne poëma Esset, quaesivere, quod acer spiritus ac vis Nec verbis nec rebus inest, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 45:

quia natura mutari non potest, idcirco verae amicitiae sempiternae sunt,

Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

idcirco, judices, quia veram causam habebam, brevi peroravi,

id. Inv. 1, 48, 90:

neque enim, quia movetur qui ingreditur, idcirco qui movetur ingreditur,

Quint. 5, 9, 6; 2, 2, 2:

idcirco enumerabimus, non quia, etc.,

Col. 7, 5, 7; Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 38: meminerimus idcirco te in istam provinciam missum, quoniam, etc., Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 32 (41); Col. 7, 5, 7:

haec idcirco, quoniam, etc.,

Dig. 47, 2, 92; ib. 49, 1, 10, § 4:

non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,

Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 170:

non enim, si Cicero recte sentinam reipublicae dixit... idcirco probem illud quoque, etc.,

Quint. 8, 6, 15:

nec si pugnent inter se... idcirco ars non erit,

id. 2, 17, 33; cf.:

nec, si te validus jactaverit auster in alto. Idcirco navem trans Aegaeum mare vendas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 16.—Rarely with si omitted: non possis oculo quantum contendere [p. 877] Lynceus:

Non tamen idcirco contemnas lippus inungi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 29.—

With a clause denoting the purpose, with ut, ne, or pron. rel.:

idcirco nemo superiorum attigit, ut ipse tolleret, Cic Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7: quae ut fieret, idcirco pugnatum esse arbitror,

id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

cum prooemium idcirco comparatum sit, ut judex fiat conciliator,

Quint. 4, 2, 24:

quod si idcirco fieret, ut, etc.,

id. 8 praef. § 27;

12, 2, 12: sese idcirco ab suis discedere noluisse, quo facilius civitatem in officio contineret, ne omnis nobilitatis discessu plebs propter imprudentiam laberetur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 6:

vos suspicarier, Me idcirco haec tanta facinora promittere, Qui vos oblectem, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 150:

idcirco capite et superciliis semper est rasis, ne ullum pilum viri boni habere dicatur,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

idcircone nobilitas rem publicam reciperavit, ut, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 49, 141; cf. id. Rab. Perd. 8, 23:

idcirco ut possim linguam contemnere servi, utile consilium dedisti,

Juv. 9, 119.

imprŏbĭtas ( inpr-), ātis, f. [improbus], badness, wickedness, depravity, dishonesty, improbity (freq. and class.):

cum te alicujus improbitas perversitasque commoverit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 13, 38:

amicorum neglectio improbitatem coarguit,

id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Att. 1, 16, 7:

in hac causa improbitatem et gratiam cum inopia et veritate contendere,

id. Quint. 27, 84; id. Brut. 62, 224:

cum me improbitatis patrocinium suscipere vultis,

id. Rep. 3, 5:

judici invisa est,

Quint. 6, 4, 15:

cordis humani,

Plin. 2, 23, 21, § 87; Ov. A. A. 1, 676:

prodiga corruptoris,

Juv. 10, 305:

illo admirabilis aevo,

i. e. rare, id. 13, 53.—

Transf., of bad, troublesome animals, impudence, boldness, audacity:

simiae Dodoneae,

Cic. Div. 2, 32, 69:

muscae,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 28:

alitum semina depascentium,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 116.

ĭnĭmīcus, a, um ( gen. plur.: ĭnĭmī-cūm, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 14), adj. [2. in-amicus], unfriendly, hostile, inimical.

Adj.

Of persons:

quod eos infenso animo atque inimico venisse dicatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149; id. Phil. 10, 10, 21; cf.:

quam inimico vultu intuitur,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 25:

inter omnia inimica infestaque,

Liv. 22, 39, 13:

Clodius inimicus est nobis,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 6; 11, 10, 2; id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28; cf. in sup.:

Hannibal nomini Romano,

Nep. Hann. 7, 3; Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

animorum motus inimicissimi mentis,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34.—

Of inanim. things, hurtful, injurious:

raphani dentibus inimici,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 86:

(naves) accipiunt inimicum imbrem,

Verg. A. 1, 123:

odor nervis,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 53:

maritare ulmos nisi validas inimicum (est),

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 203.— Comp.:

nec quidquam inimicius quam illa (oratio) versibus,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; id. Fam. 3, 8, 9. — Sup.:

brassica stomacho inimicissima,

Plin. 20, 9, 38, § 96.—

Like hostilis, hostile:

nomina,

Verg. A. 11, 84:

tela,

id. ib. 11, 809:

insigne,

spoils of a vanquished foe, id. ib. 12, 944:

terra,

id. ib. 10, 295:

natura inimica inter se esse liberam civitatem et regem,

Liv. 44, 24, 2:

in hostili terra, inter omnia inimica infestaque,

id. 22, 39, 13.—

ĭnĭmīcus, i, m., an enemy, foe, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58:

quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; Nep. Them. 9, 4; id. Alc. 4, 1; 2, 6 al.:

aliquem insectari tamquam inimicum et hostem,

Liv. 39, 28, 13:

paternus,

hereditary, Paul. Sent. 2, 27, 1.—

ĭnĭ-mīca, ae, f.:

cujusquam inimica,

Cic. Cael. 13, 32.— Sup.:

ubi vidit fortissimum virum inimicissimum suum, certissimum consulem,

greatest enemy, Cic. Mil. 9, 25; Nep. Eum. 6, 3; id. Dat. 5, 4; id. Hann. 12, 2; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 410, and v. iniquus, II. B. fin. — Adv., in two forms.

ĭnĭmīcē, in an unfriendly manner, hostilely, inimically:

vide quam tecum agam non inimice,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

insectari aliquem,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 5.— Comp.:

infestius aut inimicius consulere,

Liv. 28, 29, 8.— Sup.:

inimicissime contendere,

Cic. Quint. 21, 66.—

ĭnĭmīcĭter, adv., hostilely, inimically: accensus, Acc. ap. Non. 514, 22: commoti inimiciter, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 8; Enn. ap. Prisc. 1010 P.

ĭnĭmīcus, a, um ( gen. plur.: ĭnĭmī-cūm, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 14), adj. [2. in-amicus], unfriendly, hostile, inimical.

Adj.

Of persons:

quod eos infenso animo atque inimico venisse dicatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149; id. Phil. 10, 10, 21; cf.:

quam inimico vultu intuitur,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 25:

inter omnia inimica infestaque,

Liv. 22, 39, 13:

Clodius inimicus est nobis,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 6; 11, 10, 2; id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28; cf. in sup.:

Hannibal nomini Romano,

Nep. Hann. 7, 3; Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

animorum motus inimicissimi mentis,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34.—

Of inanim. things, hurtful, injurious:

raphani dentibus inimici,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 86:

(naves) accipiunt inimicum imbrem,

Verg. A. 1, 123:

odor nervis,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 53:

maritare ulmos nisi validas inimicum (est),

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 203.— Comp.:

nec quidquam inimicius quam illa (oratio) versibus,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; id. Fam. 3, 8, 9. — Sup.:

brassica stomacho inimicissima,

Plin. 20, 9, 38, § 96.—

Like hostilis, hostile:

nomina,

Verg. A. 11, 84:

tela,

id. ib. 11, 809:

insigne,

spoils of a vanquished foe, id. ib. 12, 944:

terra,

id. ib. 10, 295:

natura inimica inter se esse liberam civitatem et regem,

Liv. 44, 24, 2:

in hostili terra, inter omnia inimica infestaque,

id. 22, 39, 13.—

ĭnĭmīcus, i, m., an enemy, foe, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58:

quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; Nep. Them. 9, 4; id. Alc. 4, 1; 2, 6 al.:

aliquem insectari tamquam inimicum et hostem,

Liv. 39, 28, 13:

paternus,

hereditary, Paul. Sent. 2, 27, 1.—

ĭnĭ-mīca, ae, f.:

cujusquam inimica,

Cic. Cael. 13, 32.— Sup.:

ubi vidit fortissimum virum inimicissimum suum, certissimum consulem,

greatest enemy, Cic. Mil. 9, 25; Nep. Eum. 6, 3; id. Dat. 5, 4; id. Hann. 12, 2; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 410, and v. iniquus, II. B. fin. — Adv., in two forms.

ĭnĭmīcē, in an unfriendly manner, hostilely, inimically:

vide quam tecum agam non inimice,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

insectari aliquem,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 5.— Comp.:

infestius aut inimicius consulere,

Liv. 28, 29, 8.— Sup.:

inimicissime contendere,

Cic. Quint. 21, 66.—

ĭnĭmīcĭter, adv., hostilely, inimically: accensus, Acc. ap. Non. 514, 22: commoti inimiciter, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 8; Enn. ap. Prisc. 1010 P.

ĭnĭmīcus, a, um ( gen. plur.: ĭnĭmī-cūm, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 14), adj. [2. in-amicus], unfriendly, hostile, inimical.

Adj.

Of persons:

quod eos infenso animo atque inimico venisse dicatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149; id. Phil. 10, 10, 21; cf.:

quam inimico vultu intuitur,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 25:

inter omnia inimica infestaque,

Liv. 22, 39, 13:

Clodius inimicus est nobis,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 6; 11, 10, 2; id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28; cf. in sup.:

Hannibal nomini Romano,

Nep. Hann. 7, 3; Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

animorum motus inimicissimi mentis,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34.—

Of inanim. things, hurtful, injurious:

raphani dentibus inimici,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 86:

(naves) accipiunt inimicum imbrem,

Verg. A. 1, 123:

odor nervis,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 53:

maritare ulmos nisi validas inimicum (est),

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 203.— Comp.:

nec quidquam inimicius quam illa (oratio) versibus,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; id. Fam. 3, 8, 9. — Sup.:

brassica stomacho inimicissima,

Plin. 20, 9, 38, § 96.—

Like hostilis, hostile:

nomina,

Verg. A. 11, 84:

tela,

id. ib. 11, 809:

insigne,

spoils of a vanquished foe, id. ib. 12, 944:

terra,

id. ib. 10, 295:

natura inimica inter se esse liberam civitatem et regem,

Liv. 44, 24, 2:

in hostili terra, inter omnia inimica infestaque,

id. 22, 39, 13.—

ĭnĭmīcus, i, m., an enemy, foe, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58:

quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; Nep. Them. 9, 4; id. Alc. 4, 1; 2, 6 al.:

aliquem insectari tamquam inimicum et hostem,

Liv. 39, 28, 13:

paternus,

hereditary, Paul. Sent. 2, 27, 1.—

ĭnĭ-mīca, ae, f.:

cujusquam inimica,

Cic. Cael. 13, 32.— Sup.:

ubi vidit fortissimum virum inimicissimum suum, certissimum consulem,

greatest enemy, Cic. Mil. 9, 25; Nep. Eum. 6, 3; id. Dat. 5, 4; id. Hann. 12, 2; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 410, and v. iniquus, II. B. fin. — Adv., in two forms.

ĭnĭmīcē, in an unfriendly manner, hostilely, inimically:

vide quam tecum agam non inimice,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

insectari aliquem,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 5.— Comp.:

infestius aut inimicius consulere,

Liv. 28, 29, 8.— Sup.:

inimicissime contendere,

Cic. Quint. 21, 66.—

ĭnĭmīcĭter, adv., hostilely, inimically: accensus, Acc. ap. Non. 514, 22: commoti inimiciter, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 8; Enn. ap. Prisc. 1010 P.

ĭn-ŏpĭa, ae, f. [inops], want, lack, scarcity.

In gen.:

argenti,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 55:

summa rerum omnium,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2:

frumenti commeatusque,

id. ib. 3, 6:

frumenti,

Sall. J. 91, 1; cf.:

frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 5, 24:

et amore pereo et inopia argentaria,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 66:

loci,

Liv. 1, 33, 6:

advocatorum,

Tac. A. 11, 7:

consilii,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 2:

criminum,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48:

occasionis,

Suet. Cal. 56:

remedii,

Tac. A. 13, 57:

veri,

id. H. 1, 35 al. —

In partic., a want, esp. of necessaries, want, need, indigence, scarcity, fewness.

Lit.: opem ferre inopiae, i. e. to one in want, Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 3: Quor (me) conducebas? Bal. Inopia;

alius non erat,

id. Ps. 3, 2, 9:

ne inopiam cives objectare possint tibi,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 27:

si propter inopiam in egestate estis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 88:

utrum propter imbecillitatem atque inopiam desiderata sit amicitia,

id. Lael. 8, 26; cf.:

amicitiam ex inopia atque egestate natam volunt,

id. ib. 9, 29;

so also with egestas,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

in Rhodiorum inopia et fame summaque annonae caritate,

id. Off. 3, 12, 50:

inopiae subsidium,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48:

inopiam vitare,

id. ib. 3, 17:

ad pudendam inopiam delabi,

Tac. A. 2, 38:

inopiam alicui facere,

to bring one to want, id. H. 3, 48:

manuum mercede inopiam tolerare,

Sall. C. 38, 7:

multorum dierum inopia contrahere pestem,

Just. 2, 13, 12:

dispensatio inopiae,

of scanty supplies, Liv. 4, 12, 10.—

Transf.

Want, helplessness:

praesidio esse contra vim et gratiam solitudini atque inopiae,

to those who have no protectors, Cic. Quint. 1, 5:

in hac causa improbitatem et gratiam cum inopia et veritate contendere,

id. ib. 27, 84; id. Rosc. Am. 7, 20; id. Clu. 20, 57:

judicum,

worthlessness, id. Att. 1, 16, 2:

ingenti cum difficultate itinerum locorumque inopia,

and the want of necessaries in these regions, Vell. 2, 54, 3; Sen. ad Helv. 12.—

Of a speaker:

inopia et jejunitas,

poverty of ideas, Cic. Brut. 55, 202.—

Of the want of fruition:

incendere animum cupidum alicujus inopiā,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 126.

imprŏbĭtas ( inpr-), ātis, f. [improbus], badness, wickedness, depravity, dishonesty, improbity (freq. and class.):

cum te alicujus improbitas perversitasque commoverit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 13, 38:

amicorum neglectio improbitatem coarguit,

id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Att. 1, 16, 7:

in hac causa improbitatem et gratiam cum inopia et veritate contendere,

id. Quint. 27, 84; id. Brut. 62, 224:

cum me improbitatis patrocinium suscipere vultis,

id. Rep. 3, 5:

judici invisa est,

Quint. 6, 4, 15:

cordis humani,

Plin. 2, 23, 21, § 87; Ov. A. A. 1, 676:

prodiga corruptoris,

Juv. 10, 305:

illo admirabilis aevo,

i. e. rare, id. 13, 53.—

Transf., of bad, troublesome animals, impudence, boldness, audacity:

simiae Dodoneae,

Cic. Div. 2, 32, 69:

muscae,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 28:

alitum semina depascentium,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 116.

in-sto, stĭti, stātum (e. g. instaturum, Liv. 10, 36, 3:

instaturos,

Front. Strat. 2, 6, 10 al.), 1, v. n., to stand in or upon a thing (class.).

Lit.

In gen., constr. with dat., in and abl., or acc.

With dat.:

jugis,

Verg. A. 11, 529.—

With in and abl.: saxo in globoso, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Fragm. v. 367 Rib.):

instans in medio triclinio,

Suet. Tib. 72.—

Absol., to draw nigh, approach; to impend, threaten:

quibus ego confido impendere fatum aliquod, et poenas jam diu debitas aut instare jam plane, aut certe jam appropinquare,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5:

instant apparatissimi magnificentissimique ludi,

id. Pis. 27:

cum illi iter instaret,

id. Att. 13, 23:

quidquid subiti et magni discriminis instat,

Juv. 6, 520:

ante factis omissis, illud quod instet, agi oportere,

the subject in hand, Cic. Inv. 2, 11, 37. —

Of persons: cum legionibus instare Varum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 43.—

With acc. (ante-class.):

tantum eum instat exitii,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 96.—

In partic., to press upon, harass, molest, menace, threaten. —With dat., acc., or absol.

With dat.:

cedenti,

Liv. 10, 36:

vestigiis,

id. 27, 12, 9:

instantem regi cometen videre,

Juv. 6, 407.—

With acc.:

si me instabunt (al. mi),

Plaut. Curc. 3, 1, 6.—

Trop.

To urge or press upon one, to insist; to pursue a thing (syn. urgeo):

quamobrem urge, insta, perfice,

Cic. Att. 13, 32, 1:

accusatori,

id. Font. 1:

ille instat factum (esse),

he insists upon the fact, Ter. And. 1, 1, 120.— To follow up eagerly, pursue; with dat. or acc.

With dat.:

instant operi regnisque futuris,

Verg. A. 1, 504:

talibus instans monitis (parens),

Juv. 14, 210:

non ignarus instandum famae,

Tac. Agr. 18.—

With acc., to urge forward, ply, transact with zeal or diligence: instant mercaturam, Nov. ap. Non. 212, 30 (Com. Rel. p. 223 Rib.):

parte aliā Marti currumque, rotasque volucres Instabant,

were hastening forward, working hard at, busily constructing, Verg. A. 8, 434: rectam viam, to go right, i. e. to be right, to hit the mark, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 40:

unum instare de indutiis vehementissime contendere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 17, 5; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 385.—

Absol.:

vox domini instantis,

Juv. 14, 63.—

To demand earnestly, solicit, insist upon:

satis est, quod instat de Milone,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2:

quod profecto cum sua sponte, tum, te instante, faciet,

at your instance, your solicitation, id. Att. 3, 15.— With inf.:

instat Scandilius poscere recuperatores,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 136.—With ut or ne:

tibi instat Hortensius, ut eas in consilium,

Cic. Quint. 10:

uxor acriter tua instat, ne mihi detur,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 33; cf.:

nunc nosmet ipsi nobis instemus, ut, etc.,

Auct. Her. 4, 56, 69.— Impers.:

profecto, si instetur, suo milite vinci Romam posse,

Liv. 2, 44.—Hence, instans, antis, P. a.

(Standing by, being near, i. e.) Present.

In gen.:

quae venientia metuuntur, eadem efficiunt aegritudinem instantia,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 11:

ex controversia futuri, raro etiam ex instantis aut facti,

id. de Or. 2, 25, 105:

tempus,

Auct. Her. 2, 5, 8:

bellum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24.—

In partic., gram. t. t.:

tempus, i.q. praesens tempus,

the present tense, the present, Quint. 5, 10, 42; Charis. p. 147 P. et saep.—

Pressing, urgent, importunate (post-Aug.):

periculum,

Nep. Paus. 3, 5:

species terribilior jam et instantior,

Tac. H. 4, 83:

gestus acer atque instans,

Quint. 11, 3, 92 sq.; cf.:

argumentatio acrior et instantior,

id. ib. §

164: admonitio instantior,

Gell. 13, 24, 19.— Adv.: instanter, vehemently, earnestly, pressingly:

intente instanterque pronuntiare,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 6:

petere,

id. ib. 5, 7, 22:

plura acriter et instanter incipere,

Quint. 9, 3, 30:

dicere,

id. 9, 4, 126.— Comp.:

instantius concurrere,

to fight more vehemently, Tac. A. 6, 35. — Sup.:

instantissime desiderare,

Gell. 4, 18.

inter, adv., and prep. with acc. [kindred to in, intra; Sanscr. antar; Goth. undar; Germ. unter; Engl. under].

Adv., in the midst, in between ( poet. and rare):

dumque pii petit ora patris stetit arduus inter pontus,

Val. Fl. 5, 337:

tot montibus inter diviso,

id. 6, 220; 8, 382. —

Prep., with acc., between, belwixt, among, amid, surrounded by.

Lit., in space.

Of position only.

Referring to two places or objects, between:

qui (mons Jura) est inter Sequanos et Helvetios,

Caes. B. G. 1, 2:

cum inter me et Brundisium Caesar esset,

Cic. Att. 9, 2:

inter Padum atque Alpes,

Liv. 5, 35:

ager Tarquiniorum, qui inter urbem ac Tiberim fuit,

id. 2, 5:

locus inter duos lucos,

id. 1, 8, 5:

apud Artemisium inter Euboeam continentemque terram,

id. 2, 5, 2; so,

inter haec maria Asia,

Curt. 3, 1, 13.—

Referring to more than two places or objects, among, in the midst of:

inter hostium tela versari,

Cic. de Or. 1, 46:

inter multos saucios spe incertae vitae relictus,

Liv. 2, 17, 4:

rex inter primos constiterat,

Curt. 5, 3, 9:

inter multitudinem,

Liv. 22, 13, 2:

inter lignarios,

id. 35, 41, 10:

repertae inter spolia catenae,

Tac. A. 2, 18:

vicos aut inter vias manere,

Suet. Caes. 39:

inter ingentes solitudines,

Sall. J 89, 4:

inter deserta ferarum Lustra domosque,

Verg. A. 3, 646.— So, even with a noun in the sing., in the midst of, surrounded by:

erat inter ceteram planitiem mons,

Sall. J. 92, 5:

tibicines inter exercitum positi,

Gell. 1, 11, 3:

inter caedem aquila,

Tac. A. 1, 60; cf.:

inter ceteram praedam,

Liv. 22, 16, 7; 8, 10, 10:

inter purpuram atque aurum,

id. 9, 17, 16. —

With verbs of motion.

Between, through, among:

inter medias stationes hostium erupere,

Liv. 35, 11:

acies inter bina castra procedunt,

id. 4, 18, 3; Tac. A. 14, 33:

inter oppositas classes transmisit,

Suet. Caes. 58:

spatiabatur in nemore Parmenion medius inter duces,

Curt. 7, 2, 23:

medios inter hostes Londinium perrexit,

Tac. A. 14, 33.—

Pregn., including motion to and position between or among things mentioned, among, into the midst of:

inter densas, umbrosa cacumina, fagos Adsidue veniebat,

Verg. E. 2, 3:

te mea dextera magna inter praemia ducet,

id. A. 12, 437:

dico te priore nocte venisse inter falcarios in Laecae domum,

among the scythe-makers, into the street of the scythe-makers, Cic. Cat. 1, 4, 8.—

Transf., of relations conceived as local.

In discrimination (doubt, choice, etc.), between two or more objects:

judicium inter deas tres,

Cic. Div. 1, 50, 114; cf.:

inter Marcellos et Claudios patricios judicare,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 176:

inter has sententias dijudicare,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:

inter diversas opiniones electio, Quint. prooem. 2: discrimen inter gratiosos cives atque fortes,

id. Balb. 21, 49:

inter optime valere et gravissime aegrotare nihil prorsus interesse,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 43:

qui bellum et pacem inter dubitabant,

Tac. A. 12, 32:

trepidare inter scelus metumque,

id. H. 3, 39:

inter pugnae fugaeque consilium,

Liv. 1, 27.—So, with inter repeated:

ut nihil inter te atque inter quadrupedem aliquam putes interesse,

Cic. Par. 1; id. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

quid intersit inter popularem civem et inter constantem, severum et gravem,

id. Lael. 25, 95.—

In expressing any relation which connects two or more persons, conceived as between or among them (strife, rivalry, friendship, intercourse, etc.).

In gen.:

quos inter magna fuit contentio,

Nep. Mil. 4, 4:

Nestor componere lites Inter Peliden festinat et inter Atriden,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 12:

certamen inter primores civitates,

Liv. 10, 6.—Esp., with pronouns, to express all reciprocal relations, among, with, or between one another; mutually, together:

quasi nunc non norimus nos inter nos,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 7; Cic. Div. 1, 28, 58; id. Att. 10, 4, 10; id. N. D. 1, 26, 51:

quod colloquimur inter nos,

with one another, id. de Or. 1, 8, 32; cf.:

inter nos naturā ad civilem communitatem conjuncti sumus,

id. Fin. 3, 20, 66:

vobis inter vos voluntatem fuisse conjunctam,

id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 34: Ciceronis pueri amant inter se, love one another (like the Fr. s ' entr ' aimer), id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

inter se consultare,

id. de Or. 2, 3, 13:

inter se amare,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1:

neque solum se colent inter se ac diligent,

id. Lael. 22, 82:

Di inter se diligunt,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:

furtim inter se aspiciebant,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 13:

complecti inter se lacrimantes milites coepisse,

Liv. 7, 42:

haec inter se cum repugnent, plerique non vident,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 29, 72:

inter se nondum satis noti,

Liv. 21, 39:

ratio et oratio conciliat homines inter se,

Cic. Off. 1, 16, 50:

ne nostra nobiscum aut inter nos cessatio vituperetur,

id. Fam. 9, 3, 4:

quae res eos in magno diuturnoque bello inter se habuit,

Sall. J. 79, 3.—Sometimes pleon., the reciprocal relation being sufficiently expressed by the context:

manus conserentis inter se Romanos exercitus,

Sall. H. 1, 41, 19 Dietsch:

Ulixes cum Ajace summa vi contendere inter se,

Dict. Cret. 5, 14:

conferti inter se,

id. 2, 46.—

So of things:

ita effici complexiones atomorum inter se,

mutual, reciprocal, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

colles duos inter se propinquos occupat,

near one another, Sall. J. 98, 3:

haud procul inter se erant,

id. ib. 41, 2:

multum inter se distant istae facultates,

Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 215:

res inter se similes,

Quint. 9, 2, 51:

inter se dissimilis,

id. 9, 4, 17.—

Of a common privacy, secrecy, etc.: inter nos, between or among ourselves, confidentially, like the Fr. entre nous:

nec consulto dicis occulte, sed quod inter nos liceat, ne tu quidem intellegis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 26, 74:

quod inter nos liceat dicere,

id. Att. 2, 4:

quod inter nos sit,

but let that be between ourselves, Sen. Ep. 12, 2. —

With nouns denoting a multitude of persons, like apud (not ante-Aug.):

haudquaquam inter id genus contemptor habebatur,

Liv. 6, 34, 5:

inter hostes variae fuere sententiae,

id. 4, 18, 1:

credula fama inter gaudentes,

Tac. H. 1, 34:

more inter veteres recepto,

id. ib. 2, 85.—

Of a class of persons or things to which the subject is referred.

In gen., among:

homines inter suos nobiles,

Cic. Fl. 22, 52:

inter suos et honestus et nobilis,

id. Clu. 5, 11:

in oratoribus vero admirabile est, quantum inter omnes unus excellat,

id. Or. 2, 6:

inter philosophos (Xenophon) reddendus est,

Quint. 10, 1, 37:

ille Croesus, inter reges opulentissimus,

Sen. Contr. 2, 9:

Borysthenes inter Scythiae amnes amoenissimus,

Mel. 2, 1, 6.— So freq. with sup., inter and acc. take the place of a gen.:

honestissimus inter suos numerabatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

plurimum inter eos valere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4, 4:

maximum imperium inter finitimos,

Liv. 5, 3, 10:

inter Atheniensīs longe clarissimi,

Curt. 4, 13, 15; Plin. 34, 8, 21, § 81; Petr. 78; Sen. Suas. 2, 7; 2, 12; Just. 12, 7, 2; 36, 2, 6.

Esp.: inter paucos, etc., [p. 977] among few, i. e. among the few select ones, eminently, especially:

pingunt et vestes in Aegypto inter pauca mirabili genere,

Plin. 35, 11, 42, § 150; cf.:

sternutamento utilis inter pauca,

id. 24, 11, 58, § 97:

pugna inter paucas memorata populi Romani clades,

Liv. 22, 7; cf.:

inter paucos disertus,

Quint. 10, 3, 13:

inter paucos familiarium Neroni assumptus est,

Tac. A. 16, 18:

claritudine paucos inter senum regum,

id. ib. 11, 10; so, inter alios: judicatur inter alios omnes beatus, qui in proelio profuderit animam, among all others to be noticed, i. e. especially, in the highest degree, Amm. 2, 3, 6; so,

inter cuncta,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 96:

inter omnia,

Curt. 3, 3, 18:

inter cetera,

Liv. 37, 12.—

In judic. lang., t. t.: inter sicarios, on the charge of assassination:

cum praetor quaestionem inter sicarios exercuisset,

Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54; id. Clu. 53, 147; cf.:

in recuperatorio judicio ejus maleficii, de quo inter sicarios quaeritur,

id. Inv. 2, 20, 60:

longo intervallo judicium inter sicarios hoc primum committitur,

id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11:

sexcenti sunt, qui inter sicarios et de veneficiis accusabant,

id. ib. 32, 90:

si ostenderis, quomodo sis eos inter sicarios defensurus,

id. Phil. 2, 4, 8.—

In some idiomatic phrases.

Inter manus, within reach, i. e. close at hand:

ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras,

Verg. A. 11, 311; also, upon or in the hands:

inter manus domum ablatus,

Liv. 3, 13:

inter quas (manus) collapsus extinguitur,

Curt. 8, 2, 39:

inter manus auferri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

inter manus meas crevit,

under my hands, Sen. Ep. 12:

manus inter maestorumque ora parentum,

before their faces and within their reach, Verg. A. 2, 681.—

Inter viam, vias, on the way:

dum rus eo, coepi egomet mecum inter vias,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 1; Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 43:

si se inter viam obtulerit,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 5. —

Of time.

Between two dates or periods specified:

dies XLV. inter binos ludos,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52 fin.; Liv. 1, 3.—

During, in the course of, within; for which, in English, we sometimes use by or at:

quot prandia inter continuum perdidi triennium,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 61:

omnia agentur, quae inter decem annos nefarie flagitioseque facta sunt,

Cic. Verr. 1, 13; cf.:

qui inter annos tot unus inventus sit, quem, etc.,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 23, 68:

inter ipsum pugnae tempus,

Liv. 36, 20:

inter noctem lux orta,

id. 32, 29:

qui plus cernant oculis per noctem quam inter diem,

Gell. 9, 4.—

Freq., with substt., to denote an act performed at a certain time, in the course of, while:

haec inter cenam Tironi dictavi,

at table, Cic. Quint. Fragm. 3, 1, 6; cf.:

illuseras heri inter scyphos,

id. Fam. 7, 22:

inter fulmina et tonitrua,

id. Phil. 5, 6, 15:

promptior inter tenebras affirmatio,

Tac. A. 2, 82:

inter initia,

at the beginning, Cels. 3, 25.—

During, and hence under the circumstances described, i. e. in spite of, notwithstanding:

nobis inter has turbas senatus tamen frequens flagitavit triumphum,

amid, in spite of these commotions, Cic. Fam. 16, 11:

utrumque consilium aspernatus, quod inter ancipitia deterrimum est, dum media sequitur,

Tac. H. 3, 40:

senum coloniae inter male parentes et injuste imperantes aegra municipia et discordantia,

id. Agr. 32; cf.:

ita neutris cura posteritatis inter infensos vel obnoxios,

id. H. 1, 1.—

Inter haec, inter quae, meanwhile, during this time:

= interea, inter haec major alius terror,

in the mean time, Liv. 2, 24; cf.:

inter haec jam praemissi Albam erant equites,

id. 1, 29; 3, 57, 7; 44, 10, 5; Curt. 3, 1, 1; Suet. Tib. 8; 63:

inter quae tribuni plebei petivere, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 15; 2, 34; 58; 3, 33; id. H. 1, 78; Curt. 4, 2, 10:

inter quae unctione uti licet,

Cels. 4, 2, 3.—

So with gerunds and gerundives: inter agendum,

at, while, Verg. E. 9, 24; Quint. 12, 3, 10:

inter disceptandum,

id. 12, 7, 6:

inter res agendas,

Suet. Caes. 45.—

In composition its final r is assimilated in intellego and its derivatives.

Between; as, intercedere, interponere. —

At intervals, from time to time; as, interaestuare, intermittere, intervisere.—

Under, down, to the bottom; as, interire, interficere.

interdictum, i, n. [interdico].

In gen., a prohibition:

nequeone ego ted interdictis facere mansuetem meis?

Plaut. As. 3, 1, 1:

deorum,

Cic. Pis. 21, 48.—

In partic., as a legal t. t., a provisional decree of the prætor, esp. in disputes of private persons respecting possession, prohibiting some act, a prætorian interdict:

certis ex causis praetor aut proconsul auctoritatem suam finiendis controversiis interponit... formulae verborum quibus in ea re utitur interdicta decretave vocantur: interdicta cum prohibet aliquid fieri,

Gai. Inst. 4, 139 sq. (v. the context):

ergo hac lege jus civile, causae possessionum, praetorum interdicta tollentur,

Cic. Agr. 3, 3:

possessionem per interdictum repetere,

id. Caecin. 3:

interdicto contendere cum aliquo,

id. de Or. 1, 10:

venire ad interdictum,

Petr. 13 and 83 (for the different classes of interdicts and their effects, v. Gai. Inst. 4, 142 sqq.; Just. Inst. 4, 15 Sandars ad loc.).

lātus, a, um, adj. [old Lat. stlātus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 313; Sanscr. root star-, strnāmi = sterno; Gr. stor- in stornumi, stratos; Lat. sterno, stratus, torus; cf. strāges, struo; not connected with platus, nor with 3. lātus = tlêtos], broad, wide.

Lit.:

fossa,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59:

mare,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 46, § 103:

via,

id. ib. 2, 4, 53, §

119: agri,

id. Rep. 5, 2, 3:

clavus,

Quint. 11, 3, 138 (v. clavus):

umeri,

Verg. A. 9, 725; cf.:

artus barbarorum,

Tac. A. 2, 21:

lati et lacertosi viri,

broad-shouldered, Col. 1, 9, 4; Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

rana bove latior,

Phaedr. 1, 24, 5:

palus non latior pedibus quinquaginta,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

latissimum flumen,

id. ib. 2, 27:

latissimae solitudines,

id. ib. 6, 22:

comesse panem tris pedes latum,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 1, 8:

fossae quindecim pedes latae,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72:

areas latas pedum denum facito,

Col. 2, 10, 26:

populi,

Verg. A. 1, 225:

moenia lata videt,

id. ib. 6, 549:

latis otia fundis,

id. G. 2, 468: ne latos fines parare studeant. Caes. B. G. 6, 21:

ager,

Liv. 23, 46:

orbis,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 57:

terrae,

Ov. M. 2, 307:

lata Polyphemi acies,

wide eye, Juv. 9, 64.— Neutr. absol.:

crescere in latum,

to increase in width, widen, Ov. M. 1, 336.— Absol.:

per latum,

Vulg. Ezech. 46, 22:

in lato pedum centum,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26, 7.—

Transf., poet., for proud, swelling (cf. Eng. vulg. spreading):

latus ut in circo spatiere,

that you may stalk along largely, proudly, Hor. S. 2, 3, 183:

lati incesserunt et cothurnati (histriones),

Sen. Ep. 76, 31. —

Trop.

In gen., broad, wide, wide-spread, extended (mostly post-Aug.):

vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 82; cf.:

verba,

pronounced broadly, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46:

gloria,

widespread, Plin. Ep. 4, 12, 7:

lato Murrus caligat in hoste,

Sil. 1, 499:

interpretatio,

broad, not strict, lenient, Dig. 22, 1, 1:

culpa,

great, ib. 50, 16, 213; 11, 6, 1 fin.:

fuga,

a kind of banishment, whereby all places are forbidden to the exile but one, ib. 48, 22, 5.—

In partic., of style, diffuse, detailed, copious, prolix:

oratio Academicorum liberior et latior (opp. Stoicorum oratio astrictior et contractior),

Cic. Brut. 31, 120:

latum atque fusum,

Quint. 11, 3, 50:

latiore varioque tractatu,

id. 7, 3, 16:

latiore quadam comprehensione,

id. 2, 5, 14:

genus orandi latum et sonans,

Tac. H. 1, 90:

Aeschines his latior et audentior,

Quint. 12, 10, 23.— Hence, adv.: lātē, broadly, widely, extensively; with longe, on all sides, far and wide, everywhere.

Lit.:

late longeque diffusus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34:

omnibus longe lateque aedificiis incensis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 35:

minus late vagari,

id. ib. 1, 2:

regnare,

Just. 13, 7:

populus late rex,

Verg. A. 1, 21; cf.:

diu Lateque victrix,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 23:

cladem inferre,

Tac. H. 3, 23.— Comp.:

latius demum operaest pretium ivisse,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 156:

itaque latius quam caedebatur ruebat (murus),

Liv. 21, 11:

possidere (agros),

Ov. M. 5, 131:

metui,

Tac. A. 12, 43. — Sup.:

ager latissime continuatus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 26, 70:

quam latissime possint, ignes faciant,

Nep. Eum. 9, 3.—

Trop.: ars late patet, widely. Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 235:

Phrygiae late refer primordia gentis,

Ov. H. 17, 57.— Comp.:

latius loquuntur rhetores, dialectici compressius,

Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 17: quod [p. 1042] pateat latius, of rather extensive application, Cic. Off. 3, 4, 19:

latius perscribere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 17:

uti opibus,

more lavishly, Hor. S. 2, 2, 113.— Sup.:

fidei bonae nomen latissime manat,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:

latissime patere,

id. ib. 3, 17, 69.

lătus, ĕris, n. [cf. Gr. platus; Lat. lăter, Latium, plautus or plotus], the side, flank of men or animals.

Lit.:

ego vostra faciam latera lorea,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 2: quid conminatu's mihi? Con. Istud male factum arbitror, quia non latus fodi, id. Aul. 3, 2, 4:

occidisse ex equo dicitur, et latus offendisse vehementer,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

cujus latus ille mucro petebat,

id. Lig. 3, 9:

laterique accommodat ensem,

Verg. A. 2, 393; Quint. 2, 13, 12; 11, 3, 69; 118:

laterum inclinatione forti ac virili,

id. 1, 11, 18: vellere latus digitis, to twitch one by the side (in order to attract attention), Ov. A. A. 1, 606; cf.:

si tetigit latus acrior,

Juv. 7, 109:

tum latus ei dicenti condoluisse... dieque septimo est lateris dolore consumptus,

pleurisy, Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6; so,

lateris dolor,

Cato, R. R. 125; Cels. 2, 7; 8; Plin. 21, 21, 89, § 155:

lateris vigili cum febre dolor,

Juv. 13, 229; cf.:

laterum dolor aut tussis,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 32: artifices lateris, i. e. those who make skilful side movements or evolutions, ballet-dancers, Ov. A. A. 3, 351:

latus tegere alicui,

to walk by the side of one, Hor. S. 2, 5, 18:

claudere alicui,

Juv. 3, 131; and:

mares inter se uxoresque contendunt, uter det latus illis (sc. pantomimis),

Sen. Q. N. 7, 32, 3.—Of animals:

equorum,

Lucr. 5, 1324:

cujus (equi aënei) in lateribus fores essent,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38.—

Of orators, the lungs:

lateribus aut clamore contendere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255:

quae vox, quae latera, quae vires, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 67:

ut lateris conatus sit ille, non capitis,

Quint. 1, 11, 8; cf.:

lateris pectorisve firmitas an capitis etiam plus adjuvet,

id. 11, 3, 16; so id. 11, 3, 40:

dum vox ac latus praeparetur,

id. 10, 7, 2; 11, 3, 13:

voce, latere, firmitate (constat orator),

id. 12, 11, 2:

neque enim ex te umquam es nobilitatus, sed ex lateribus et lacertis tuis,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 27:

cum legem Voconiam voce magna et bonis lateribus suasissem,

id. ib. 5, 14:

illa adhuc audaciora et majorum, ut Cicero existimat, laterum,

Quint. 9, 1, 29.—

Poet., in mal. part., Lucil. ap. Non. 260, 30; Ov. H. 2, 58; 19, 138; Prop. 2, 2, 12:

lateri parcere,

Juv. 6, 37.—

Transf., in gen.

The side, flank, lateral surface of a thing (opp. frons and tergum;

v. h. vv.): collis ex utraque parte lateris dejectus habebat et in frontem leniter fastigatus paulatim ad planiciem redibat,

on each side, Caes. B. G. 2, 8; cf. Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 202:

terra angusta verticibus, lateribus latior,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

latus unum castrorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

insula, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

id. ib. 5, 13:

et (Fibrenus) divisus aequaliter in duas partis latera haec (insulae) adluit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6.—Of a maritime country, the coast, seaboard:

Illyricum,

Juv. 8, 117:

castelli,

Sall. J. 93:

tum prora avertit et undis Dat latus,

the ship's side, Verg. A. 1, 105:

ubi pulsarunt acres latera ardua fluctus,

Ov. M. 11, 529:

nudum remigio,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 4; id. Epod. 10, 3:

dextrum (domus),

id. Ep. 1, 16, 6:

mundi,

id. C. 1, 22, 19:

crystallus sexangulis nascitur lateribus,

surfaces, Plin. 37, 2, 9, § 26.—Of an army, the flank, Tac. Agr. 35:

reliquos equites ad latera disponit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 7:

ex itinere nostros latere aperto aggressi,

id. ib. 1, 25; cf. id. ib. 2, 23 fin.:

ad latus apertum hostium constitui,

id. ib. 4, 25:

ne simul in frontem, simul in latera, pugnaretur,

Tac. Agr. 35.—So in fighting: latus dare, to expose one's side or flank to the adversary, Val. Fl. 4, 304 (v. II. A. infra).—

Esp. freq.: a (ab) latere, on or at the side or flank; a or ab lateribus, on or at the sides or flanks (opp. a fronte, in front, before, and a tergo, at the back, behind):

a tergo, a fronte, a lateribus tenebitur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 13, 32:

a fronte atque ab utroque latere cratibus ac pluteis protegebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; id. B. G. 2, 25:

ab omni latere securus,

Amm. 16, 9, 3:

ab latere aggredi,

Liv. 27, 48:

disjectos ab tergo aut lateribus circumveniebant,

Sall. J. 50 fin.:

ne quis inermibus militibus ab latere impetus fieri posset,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

Sulla profligatis iis, quos advorsum ierat, rediens ab latere Mauris incurrit,

Sall. J. 101, 8: si ex hac causa unda prorumperet, a lateribus undae circumfunderentur, Sen. Q. N. 6, 6, 4:

a lateribus, a fronte, quasi tria maria prospectat,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 5.—

Less freq. with ex:

latere ex utroque,

Lucr. 2, 1049:

ex lateribus aggredi aliquem,

Sall. C. 60:

tribus ex lateribus (locus) tegebatur,

Hirt. B. Alex. 28, 4:

ex alio latere cubiculum est politissimum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 10:

omni ex latere armorum molibus urgeri,

Amm. 19, 7, 7.—

With de:

de latere ire,

Lucr. 6, 117.—Without prep.:

alio latere,

Tac. A. 3, 74.—

Poet. (pars pro toto), the body:

penna latus vestit, tenet,

Ov. M. 2, 376:

nunc latus in fulvis niveum deponit harenis,

id. ib. 2, 865; cf. id. ib. 3, 23;

14, 710: forte,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 26:

fessum longā militiā,

id. C. 2, 7, 18:

credidit tauro latus,

id. ib. 3, 27, 26:

liminis aut aquae Caelestis patiens latus,

id. ib. 3, 10, 20.—

Trop.

In gen.: in latera atque in terga incurrere, to attack the sides, i. e. the unguarded points, Quint. 9, 1, 20:

aliena negotia centum Per caput et circa saliunt latus,

encompass on every side, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34:

ut a sems latere numquam discederem,

never left his side, Cic. Lael. 1, 1; cf.: aliquem lateri alicujus adjungere, to attach to his side, i. e. to give him for a companion, Quint. 1, 2, 5; so,

alicui latus dare, of a client,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 32, 3 (cf. B. 1. infra):

lateri adhaerere gravem dominum,

hung about them, threatened them, Liv. 39, 25:

Illyriorum rex, lateri ejus haerens, assiduis precibus promissa exigebat,

Just. 29, 4, 8; cf.:

Agathocles regis lateri junctus, civitatem regebat,

id. 30, 2, 5:

circumfusa turba lateri meo,

Liv. 6, 15.—Esp.:

sacpe dabis nudum latus,

expose, Tib. 1, 4, 52:

la. tus imperii nudum,

Flor. 3, 5, 4:

nec adulatoribus latus praebeas,

expose yourself, lay yourself open to, Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.: latere tecto abscedere, i. e safe, unharmed, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 5:

hic fugit omnes Insidias nullique malo latus obdit apertum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 59:

ex uno latere constat contractus,

on one side, Dig. 19, 1, 13 fin.; so ib. 3, 5, 5:

nulla ex utroque latere nascitur actio,

ib. 3, 5, 6, § 4.—

In partic.

To express intimacy, attachment:

latus alicui cingere,

to cling to, Liv. 32, 39, 8; esp. in the phrase: ab latere, at the side of, i. e. in intimate association with (rare, and perh. not ante-Aug.):

ab latere tyranni: addit eos ab latere tyranni,

Liv. 24, 5, 13; Curt. 3, 5, 15; cf.:

ille tuum, Castrice, dulce latus,

your constant associate, Mart. 6, 68, 4.—

Relationship, kindred, esp. collateral relationship (post-Aug.):

quibus (liberis) videor a meo tuoque latere pronum ad honores iter relicturus,

Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3:

sunt et ex lateribus cognati ut fratres sororesque,

Dig. 38, 10, 10, § 8:

ex latere uxorem ducere,

ib. 23, 2, 68:

latus omne divinae domus,

Stat. S. 5 praef.: omnes personae cognatorum aut supra numerantur, aut infra, aut ex transverso, sive a latere... a latere, fratres et sorores, liberique eorum; item parentium fratres et sorores liberique eorum, (Ulp.) de Grad. Cogn. 2 ap. Huschke, Jurisp. Antejust. p. 530.

lātus, a, um, Part., v. fero.

Lynceus (dissyl.), ĕi ( gen. Lyncei, dissyl., Hor. S. 1, 2, 90 Orell. ad loc.; voc. Lynceu, Prop. 3, 32, 9), m., = Lunkeus, a Messenian, and one of the Argonauts, brother of Idas, and son of Aphareus, famed for the sharpness of his sight:

non possis oculo quantum contendere Lynceus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 28:

Lyncei oculi,

id. S. 1, 2, 90; cf. Val. Fl. 1, 462; Hyg. Fab. 14; Val. Max. 1, 8, n. 14; Plin. 2, 17, 15, § 78; Ov. F. 5, 711; Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 9.—Hence,

Lyncēus, a, um, adj., = Lunkeios, of Lynceus, Lyncean, Ov. F. 5, 709.—

Transf., sharp-sighted:

quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2.—

Lyncī-des, ae, m., a descendant of Lynceus, Ov. M. 5, 99; 4, 767.—

A son of Ægyptus, and husband of Hypermnestra, who alone was saved by his wife when all his brothers were put to death, Ov. H 14, 123; Hyg. Fab. 273.—

Son of Thestius, and brother of Althæa, who was slain by Meleager, Hyg. Fab. 173; 174.—

One of the companions of Æneas; acc. Lyncĕă, Verg. A. 9, 768.

Lynceus (dissyl.), ĕi ( gen. Lyncei, dissyl., Hor. S. 1, 2, 90 Orell. ad loc.; voc. Lynceu, Prop. 3, 32, 9), m., = Lunkeus, a Messenian, and one of the Argonauts, brother of Idas, and son of Aphareus, famed for the sharpness of his sight:

non possis oculo quantum contendere Lynceus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 28:

Lyncei oculi,

id. S. 1, 2, 90; cf. Val. Fl. 1, 462; Hyg. Fab. 14; Val. Max. 1, 8, n. 14; Plin. 2, 17, 15, § 78; Ov. F. 5, 711; Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 9.—Hence,

Lyncēus, a, um, adj., = Lunkeios, of Lynceus, Lyncean, Ov. F. 5, 709.—

Transf., sharp-sighted:

quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2.—

Lyncī-des, ae, m., a descendant of Lynceus, Ov. M. 5, 99; 4, 767.—

A son of Ægyptus, and husband of Hypermnestra, who alone was saved by his wife when all his brothers were put to death, Ov. H 14, 123; Hyg. Fab. 273.—

Son of Thestius, and brother of Althæa, who was slain by Meleager, Hyg. Fab. 173; 174.—

One of the companions of Æneas; acc. Lyncĕă, Verg. A. 9, 768.

per-tĭnax, ācis, adj. [tenax], that holds fast, that clings firmly, very tenacious.

Lit. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

digitus male pertinax,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 24:

ales unguibus pertinax,

App. Flor. p. 366: tenaxne pater ejus est? Ph. Pater immo edepol pertinax, exceedingly avaricious, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 39.—

Transf., that lasts long, very durable:

spiritus,

Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 81:

siligo in Allobrogum agro pertinax,

id. 18, 8, 20, § 85.—

Trop., firm, constant, steadfast, persevering, unyielding; in a bad sense, obstinate, pertinacious, stubborn (cf. pervicax); constr. absol., with in and abl.; also (rare and not ante-Aug.) with in and acc., adversus and acc., ad and acc.; also (post-Aug.) with gen., Att. ap. Non. 433, 6 sq.:

concertationes in disputando pertinaces,

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 27 sq.:

pertinacissimus fueris, si, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 33, 107:

valde pertinax,

id. ib. 2, 3, 9:

pertinax fama,

Plin. 24, 17, 101, § 159:

studium, Quint. Inst. prooem.: certamen,

Liv. 2, 40:

stare pertinaci statu,

Gell. 2, 1, 2:

octoginta milia fortissimae pertinacissimaeque in retinendis armis juventutis,

Vell. 2, 27, 1:

pertinax virtus,

Liv. 25, 14:

pertinax adversus temerarios impetus,

id. 28, 22, 14:

pertinacior in repugnando,

id. 29, 33:

pertinax ad obtinendam injuriam,

id. 29, 1, 17:

in quod coepit pertinax et intenta,

Sen. Ira, 1, 1, 2.—

Poet., with inf.:

fortuna... Ludum insolentem ludere pertinax,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 51.—

With gen.:

justitiae,

App. Mag. p. 338, 34:

irae,

Val. Max. 6, 3, 3.—Hence, adv.: pertĭnācĭter.

Very fast or firmly, very tenaciously, persistently:

haec ipsa magis pertinaciter haerent, quo deteriora sunt,

Quint. 1, 1, 5; Suet. Tib. 74:

pertinacius resistere,

Plin. 16, 43, 83, § 227:

pertinacissime retinere,

id. 33, 6, 32, § 100. —

Constantly, firmly, steadily, perseveringly; obstinately, stubbornly, pertinaciously:

pertinaciter liberalibus studiis deditus,

Suet. Claud. 40 fin.:

pertinaciter in aliquā re manere,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20: pertinaciter offensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 1:

contendere,

Suet. Caes. 1:

studere,

Sen. Ep. 5, 1.— Comp.:

pertinacius insequi,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 13.— Sup.:

pertinacissime pabulo abstinere,

Suet. Caes. 81 med.; id. Ner. 56.—

Pertĭnax, ācis, m., surname of the emperor P. Helvius, who succeeded Commodus on the throne, Capitol. Pert. 1; Aur. Vict. Epit. 18.

per-tĭnax, ācis, adj. [tenax], that holds fast, that clings firmly, very tenacious.

Lit. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

digitus male pertinax,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 24:

ales unguibus pertinax,

App. Flor. p. 366: tenaxne pater ejus est? Ph. Pater immo edepol pertinax, exceedingly avaricious, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 39.—

Transf., that lasts long, very durable:

spiritus,

Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 81:

siligo in Allobrogum agro pertinax,

id. 18, 8, 20, § 85.—

Trop., firm, constant, steadfast, persevering, unyielding; in a bad sense, obstinate, pertinacious, stubborn (cf. pervicax); constr. absol., with in and abl.; also (rare and not ante-Aug.) with in and acc., adversus and acc., ad and acc.; also (post-Aug.) with gen., Att. ap. Non. 433, 6 sq.:

concertationes in disputando pertinaces,

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 27 sq.:

pertinacissimus fueris, si, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 33, 107:

valde pertinax,

id. ib. 2, 3, 9:

pertinax fama,

Plin. 24, 17, 101, § 159:

studium, Quint. Inst. prooem.: certamen,

Liv. 2, 40:

stare pertinaci statu,

Gell. 2, 1, 2:

octoginta milia fortissimae pertinacissimaeque in retinendis armis juventutis,

Vell. 2, 27, 1:

pertinax virtus,

Liv. 25, 14:

pertinax adversus temerarios impetus,

id. 28, 22, 14:

pertinacior in repugnando,

id. 29, 33:

pertinax ad obtinendam injuriam,

id. 29, 1, 17:

in quod coepit pertinax et intenta,

Sen. Ira, 1, 1, 2.—

Poet., with inf.:

fortuna... Ludum insolentem ludere pertinax,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 51.—

With gen.:

justitiae,

App. Mag. p. 338, 34:

irae,

Val. Max. 6, 3, 3.—Hence, adv.: pertĭnācĭter.

Very fast or firmly, very tenaciously, persistently:

haec ipsa magis pertinaciter haerent, quo deteriora sunt,

Quint. 1, 1, 5; Suet. Tib. 74:

pertinacius resistere,

Plin. 16, 43, 83, § 227:

pertinacissime retinere,

id. 33, 6, 32, § 100. —

Constantly, firmly, steadily, perseveringly; obstinately, stubbornly, pertinaciously:

pertinaciter liberalibus studiis deditus,

Suet. Claud. 40 fin.:

pertinaciter in aliquā re manere,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20: pertinaciter offensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 1:

contendere,

Suet. Caes. 1:

studere,

Sen. Ep. 5, 1.— Comp.:

pertinacius insequi,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 13.— Sup.:

pertinacissime pabulo abstinere,

Suet. Caes. 81 med.; id. Ner. 56.—

Pertĭnax, ācis, m., surname of the emperor P. Helvius, who succeeded Commodus on the throne, Capitol. Pert. 1; Aur. Vict. Epit. 18.