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constructive function

Толкование Перевод

1 constructive function
1. конструктивная функция
конструктивная функция
—
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]

Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
- constructive function
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > constructive function
2 constructive function

мат. конструктивная функция

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > constructive function
3 constructive function

Математика: конструктивная функция

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > constructive function
4 constructive function

• konstruktivna funkcija

English-Serbian dictionary > constructive function
5 constructive function

мат.

конструктивная функция

English-Russian scientific dictionary > constructive function
6 constructive function

конструктивная функция

English-Russian information technology > constructive function
7 function

1) функция, действие || функционировать; действовать

- decision-making function
- essential functions - routine function - safety-related functions
2) функциональное назначение; роль

- auxiliary function
- circuit function - intrinsic function - metering function - primary function - robot function
- system function

3) функциональное подразделение ( предприятия)

- maintenance function
- planning function - service function - support function
4) функциональный узел ( машины)

- press function

5) матем. функциональная зависимость, функция

domain of a function — область определения функции, область изменения независимой переменной

function is periodic in — функция периодична по

function onto itself — отображение (функции) на себя

function vanishes — функция обращается в нуль

function with angular limit — функция с угловым пределом

function with vanishing derivative — функция с равной нулю производной

function without zeros — не обращающаяся в нуль функция

to be an explicit function of — зависеть явно от

to be an implicit function of — зависеть неявно от

- Abelian function

- absolute density function
- absolutely additive function - absolutely bounded function - absolutely continuous function - absolutely integrable function - absolutely monotone function - absolutely summable function - absolutely symmetric function
- abstract function

- accuracy function

- acidity function

- acyclic function

- additive random function

- advanced function

- affect function

- affine function

- algebraically definable function

- algebroid function

- almost bounded function
- almost complex function - almost continuous function - almost convex function - almost everywhere defined function - almost everywhere finite function - almost invariant function - almost periodic function - almost recursive function - almost separably-valued function - almost separating function - almost universal function
- alpha function

- alternating function

- ambiguous function

- analytically extended function
- analytically independent function - analytically representable function
- angle function

- antianalytic function

- antiholomorphic function

- antihyperbolic function

- antilinear function

- antiperiodic function

- antisymmetric function

- antitone function

- antitrigonometric function

- aperiodic function

- Appell function

- approximately continuous function
- approximately differentiable function
- arbitrary function

- arcus function

- area function

- arithmetical function

- arithmetically extensible function

- associated function

- asymmetric function

- asymptotic function

- asymptotical distribution function
- asymptotically differentiable function - asymptotically finite function - asymptotically uniformly optimal function
- atomic function

- attainability function

- autocovariance function

- autocovariance generating function

- automorphic function

- auxiliary function

- averaged function

- averaging function

- balayage function

- barrier function

- basis function

- behavioral function

- beta binomial function

- beta incomplete function

- biadditive function

- biaffine function

- bias function

- bicomplex function

- bicubic function

- biharmonic function

- biinvariant function

- bijective function

- bilinear function

- bimodal function

- bimultiplicative function

- binding function

- binomial distribution function

- binonlinear function

- biregular function

- biunique function

- bivariate function

- boundary characteristic function

- boundary characteristic function

- boundary function

- bounded above function
- bounded below function
- bounded function

- bracket function

- broad function

- broken-line function

- bulb function

- bump function

- canonical function

- canonically definable function

- capacity function

- carpeting function

- carrier function

- casino function

- causal function

- cellwise constant function
- cellwise continuous function
- centering function

- certain function

- chain function

- chance function

- chi-square function

- choice function

- chord function

- chromatic function

- circularly symmetric function
- circumferentially mean p-valent function
- class function

- close to convex function

- cluster function

- clutching function

- codimension function

- coefficient function

- coercive function

- cofinite function

- coherence function

- collapsing function

- color function

- combinatorial function

- combined function

- commutator function

- compact function

- compactly supported function

- compact-valued function

- comparative function
- comparison function - complementary error function
- complementary function

- complementary trigonometric function
- complete analytic function - completely additive function - completely computable function - completely monotone function - completely multiplicative function - completely productive function - completely subadditive function - completely symmetrical function - completely undefined function - complex hyperbolic function
- complex-valued function

- complicated function

- component function

- composite function

- computably ambiguous function

- concave-convex function

- concentrated function

- concentration function

- concordant function

- conditional power function
- conditional risk function
- cone function

- confluent function

- confluent hypergeometric function

- congruence function

- conical function

- conjugate function

- connecting function

- consistent function

- constant-preserving function

- constrained function

- constraint function

- constructive function

- constructively nonrecursive function

- consumption function

- content function

- contiguous function

- continuously differentiable function

- continuum function

- contracting function

- contraction function

- contrast transfer function

- convergent function

- converse function

- convex-concave function

- cosecant function

- cosine function

- cospectral function

- cost function

- cosuperharmonic function

- cotangent function

- countably additive function
- countably multiplicative function - countably valued function
- counting function

- course-of-value function

- covariance function
- covariant function
- cramp function

- created function

- creating function

- criterion function

- critical function

- crosscorrelation function

- cross-covariance function

- cross-variance function

- cumulant function

- cumulant generating function
- cumulative distribution function - cumulative frequency function
- cup function

- curvilinear function

- cuspidal function

- cyclically monotone function

- cyclometric function

- cylinder function

- decay function

- decoding function

- decomposable function

- decomposing function

- defect function
- deficiency function
- deficient function

- degenerate function

- delta function

- denumerably-valued function

- dependence function

- depletion function

- derived function

- descriptive function

- design function

- determinate function

- diagonal function

- diagonalization function

- dibeta function

- difference function

- differential function

- digamma function

- dilogarithmic function

- dimensional function

- dimensionless function

- directing function

- discontinuous function

- discrete function

- discriminant function

- disjoined function

- dispersion function

- dissipative function

- distance function

- disturbing function

- ditonic function

- divergence-free vector function

- divergent function

- divisor function

- dominant function

- donor function

- don't care function
- double limit function
- double-spectral function

- double-valued function

- doubly orthogonal function
- doubly periodic function - doubly recursive function
- dual function

- dyadic function

- effective function

- effectively calculable function
- effectively computable function - effectively constant function - effectively decidable function - effectively variable function
- effectiveness function

- efficiency function

- elementarily recursive function
- elementarily symmetric function
- ellipsoidal function

- elliptic cylinder function

- empirical function

- empty function

- encoding function

- endogeneous function

- entire function of finite type
- entire function of maximum type - entire function of mean type - entire function of potential type - entire function of zero type - entire rational function
- entropy function

- enumerating function

- enumeration function

- envelope function

- equal-ripple function

- equibounded function

- equilibrium function

- equivalence function

- essentially bounded function
- essentially increasing function - essentially integrable function - essentially real function - essentially smooth function
- estimable function

- estimating function

- everywhere continuous function
- everywhere differentiable function - everywhere smooth function
- excessive function

- excitation function

- exhaustion function

- expandable function
- expansible function
- expansion function

- expansive function

- expectation function

- expenditure function

- explicitly bounded function
- explicitly definable function - exponentially convex function - exponentially decreasing function - exponentially increasing function - exponentially multiplicative function - exponentially vanishing function
- extendable function

- extended function

- extensional function

- exterior function

- extremal function

- extremized function

- extremum function

- factor function

- factorable function

- factored function

- factorial function

- fatigue function

- feably oscillating function

- featureless function

- field function

- filter function

- filtration function

- final state function

- finitary function

- finite-dimensional function

- finitely additive function
- finitely mean valent function - finitely measurable function
- finite-path function

- fitted function

- flat function

- flow function

- force function

- forcing function

- forecast function

- formally ordered function

- fractional function

- frequency distribution function

- frequency function

- full function

- fully closed function

- function of a single variable
- function of appropriate behavior - function of bounded characteristic - function of bounded type - function of bounded variation - function of complex variable - function of exponential type - function of finite genus - function of finite variation - function of fractional order
- function of function

- function of high smoothness
- function of infinite type - function of integral order
- function of intervals

- function of matrix

- function of maximal growth
- function of maximal type - function of minimal type - function of mixed variables - function of normal type - function of number theory - function of one variable
- function of phase

- function of position

- function of random variable
- function of rapid descent - function of rapid growth - function of real variable
- function of set

- function of several complex variables

- function of singularities

- function of state

- function of support

- function of time

- function of transition

- function of two variables

- fundamental function

- fuzzy function

- gage function

- gage-like function

- game function

- general recursive function
- general universal function - geometric carrier function
- given function

- global defining function

- goniometric function

- grammatical function

- graph-valued function

- greatest-integer function

- group function

- group-reduction function

- growth function

- halo function

- harmonizable function

- height-gain function

- hemicylindrical function

- Herglotz function

- heuristic function

- higher function

- homographic function

- homology function

- homotopic function

- hyperanalytic function

- hyperarithmetical function

- hyperbolic cylinder function

- hypercomplex function

- hyperelliptic function

- hyperharmonic function

- hyperrank function

- hyperspherical function

- hypertranscendental function

- hypoanalytic function

- ideal function

- imaginary function

- immediate successor function
- implicitly definable function
- improper function

- impulse function

- inclusion function

- inclusive function

- incomplete beta function
- incomplete dibeta function - incomplete gamma function - incomplete tribeta function - incompletely defined function
- increment function

- indecomposable function

- indefinite function

- index function

- indicial function

- individual function

- induced function

- inductive function

- inductively definable function
- inductively defined function - inductively integrable function
- infinite function

- infinitely differentiable function
- infinitely divisible function - infinitely many-valued function
- infinitesimal function

- information function

- information-packing function

- initial function

- injective function

- inner function

- input function

- insolvency function

- integrable function

- integral function of mean type
- integral logarithmic function
- integrating function

- intensity function

- interior function

- intermediary function

- interpolating function

- interpolatory function

- interval function

- inverse hyperbolic function
- inverse trigonometric function - inverted beta function
- invertible function

- irrational function

- irreducible function

- irregular function

- isotone function

- iterated function

- iteration function
- iterative function - joint correlation function - joint density function
- kernel function

- kinked function

- knapsack function

- lacunary function

- lambda function

- lattice function

- Lauricella function

- left-continuous function

- left-invariant function

- left-invertible function

- lexical function

- lifting function

- likelihood function

- limit of function

- limitable function

- limiting function

- linear discriminant function

- linearized function

- linearly dependent function
- linearly separable function
- local function

- locally analytic function

- locally approximable function
- locally bounded function - locally constant function - locally holomorphic function - locally homogeneous function - locally integrable function - locally negligible function - locally regular function - locally summable function - logarithmic generating function - logarithmic integral function
- logarithmically concave function

- logarithmically convex function
- logarithmically infinite function - logarithmically plurisubharmonic function - logarithmically subharmonic function
- logarithmico-exponential function

- logical addition function

- logical function

- logical multiplication function

- logistic function

- log-likelihood function

- loss-of-utility function

- lower closed function

- lower function

- lower measurable function
- lower semicontinuous function
- majorizing function

- many-valued function

- mapping function

- marginal distribution function

- mathematical function

- matrix function

- matrix-convex function

- maximal function

- mean-value function

- measurable function

- measure function

- measure-limited function

- mechanically computable function

- member function

- meromorphic function

- mesh function

- metaharmonic function

- metapragmatic function

- metasemantic function

- metaspherical function

- minimal function

- minimizing function

- minimum function

- minority function

- mixing function

- modified function

- modular function

- molecular set function

- moment generating function

- moment-generating function

- monochromatic function

- monodromic function

- monogenic function

- monomial function

- monomially alternating function
- monotone non-decreasing function - monotone non-increasing function
- monotonic function

- multiaffine function

- multiconstrained function

- multidimensional function

- multiextremal function

- multilinear function

- multiplace function

- multiple valued function

- multiplicity function

- multiplier function

- multiply harmonic function
- multiply periodic function - multiply recursive function
- multithreshold function

- multivalent function

- multivalued function

- multivariable function

- multivariant function

- mutual covariance function

- n-ary function

- nearly continuous function
- negative definite function - negative infinite function
- negligible function

- never-decreasing function

- never-increasing function

- next-state function

- nice function

- n-linear function

- n-metacaloric function

- noise function

- nomographic function

- nonanalytic function

- nonanticipative random function

- nonatomic function

- nonbounded function

- nonconstant function

- nondecreasing function

- nondegenerate function

- nondifferentiable function

- nonelementary function

- nonharmonizable function

- nonincreasing function

- noniterated function

- nonlattice function

- nonmonotonic function

- nonnegative definite function

- nonnegative function

- nonpositive function

- nonrandom function

- nonrecursive function

- nonsymmetrical density function
- nontangentially bounded function
- nontrivial function

- nonvanishing function

- norm function

- normalizable function

- normalized coherence function
- normalized function - normed function - nowhere continuous function - nowhere differentiable function - nowhere monotonic function
- n-place function

- n-point function

- n-th order function
- n-times differentiable function - n-tuply periodic function
- null function

- number-theoretical function

- numeralwise decidable function
- numeralwise expressible function - numeralwise representable function - numerical function - numerically valued function - oblate spheroidal function
- observation function

- odd function

- omega function

- one-loop function

- one-parameter function

- one-periodic function

- one-place function

- one-sheeted function

- one-sided function

- one-step function

- one-valued function

- one-variable function

- open propositional function
- operating characteristic function
- operative function

- operator function

- optimal decision function
- optimal policy function
- optimizable function

- optimized function

- order function

- order of function

- order preserving function

- orderable function

- ordered function

- ordering function

- ordinal function

- orientation function

- original function

- orthonormal function

- oscillating function

- oscillatory function

- outcome function

- outer function

- p-adic function

- pair correlation function

- pairing function

- parabolical cylinder function
- parametrically definable function
- parametrization function

- parametrized function

- partially computable function

- partially differentiable function

- partially recursive function
- partially symmetric function
- partition function

- partition preserving function

- partitionable function

- patch function

- pattern function

- peaked function

- peakless function

- Pearcey function

- penalty function

- pentagamma function

- permanent function

- perturbation function

- phase function

- phi function

- picture function

- piecewise analytic function
- piecewise constant function - piecewise continuously differentiable function
- piecewise continuously differentiable function

- piecewise expanding function
- piecewise linear function - piecewise monotonic function - piecewise polynomial function - piecewise quadratic function - piecewise regular function - piecewise smooth function
- plotted function

- pluriharmonic function

- plurisubharmonic function

- plurisublinear function

- plurisuperharmonic function

- point spread function
- pointwise approximated function
- pointwise bounded function

- pointwise discontinuous function

- policy function

- polyanalytic function

- polydromic function

- polygamma function

- polygenic function

- polygonal function

- polyhedral function

- polymorphic function

- polynomial clutching function

- polynomial function

- polynomially bounded function

- portfolio function

- posinomial function

- positive definite function
- positive homogeneous function - positive infinite function - positive monotone function - positive monotonic function - positive semidefinite function - potentially calculable function - potentially recursive function - power series function
- predetermined function

- predicate function

- predicate preserving function

- predual function

- premeromorphic function

- prescribed function

- primal function

- primary function

- prime-divisor function

- primitively recursive function

- principal function

- probability density function
- probability generating function
- process function

- product function

- production function

- productive function

- profit function

- projection function

- projective function

- propagation function

- proximally continuous function

- proximity function

- pseudoanalytic function

- pseudoconcave function

- pseudoconjugate function

- pseudoconvex function

- pseudodifferentiable function

- pseudoelliptic function

- pseudoharmonic function

- pseudohyperanalytic function

- pseudolikelihood function

- pseudolinear function

- pseudoperiodic function

- pseudopotential function

- pseudoproper function

- pseudorandom function

- pure quadratic function

- quadratic function

- quadratically integrable function
- quadratically summable function
- quantile function

- quasiaffine function

- quasialgebraic function

- quasianalytic function

- quasibounded function

- quasiconcave function

- quasiconformal function

- quasicontinuous function

- quasiconvex function

- quasidifferentiable function

- quasidoubly periodic function

- quasielliptic function

- quasiexcessive function

- quasiexponential function

- quasiharmonic function

- quasihomogeneous function

- quasiinterpolating function

- quasimonotonic function

- quasiperiodic function

- quasipolynomial function

- quasiradial function

- quasirecursive function

- quasiseparable function

- quasismooth function

- quasistandard function

- quasistar function

- quasisummation function

- quasiuniformly continuous function

- quasiunimodal function

- quaternion function

- radially symmetric function

- ramification function

- ramified function

- randomized decision function
- rapidly damped function - rapidly decreasing function - rapidly oscillatory function
- ray function

- Rayleigh dissipation function

- real-definite function

- real-valued function

- recession function

- reciprocal function

- recover function

- rectangle function

- recursively calculable function
- recursively continuous function - recursively convergent function - recursively defined function - recursively differentiable function - recursively divergent function - recursively extensible function
- reduced function

- regression function

- regret function

- regularized function

- regularly varying function

- regulated function

- relation reserving function
- relative distribution function - relative frequency function
- remuneration function

- renewal function

- renormalized function

- repeatedly differentiable function

- representable function

- representative function
- representing function - reproducing kernel function - residual function - residue function
- resolutive function

- resolvent function

- restricted function

- restricting function

- retarded function

- retracting function

- ridge function

- Riemann zeta function

- right-continuous function

- right-invariant function

- roof function

- root-mean-square function

- rudimentary function

- ruin function

- ruled function

- saddle function

- saltus function

- sample distribution function

- sampling function

- sandwich function

- scalar analytical function
- scalarwise integrable function - scalarwise measurable function
- scedastic function

- scheme function

- schlicht function

- search function

- section of function

- sectionally continuous function
- sectionally smooth function
- selective function

- self-dual function

- self-indexing function

- self-reciprocal function

- semiarithmetical function

- semicoercive function

- semicontinuous function

- semicylindrical function

- semidefinite function

- semiintegrable function

- semiinvariant function

- semimodular function

- semimultiplicative function

- semiproductive function

- semispectral function

- semisymmetric function

- sentential function

- separably valued function

- separately continuous function

- separation function

- sequence function

- sequential function

- sequentially continuous function

- set-preserving function

- set-valued function

- shape function

- sharp function

- shifted function

- sifting function

- sigma function

- signaling function

- simple function

- simply measurable function
- simply periodic function
- single-humped function

- singly periodic function
- singly recursive function
- singular function

- singularity function

- sinusoidal function

- skew-symmetric function

- slowly decreasing function
- slowly increasing function - slowly oscillating function - slowly varying function - smoothly varying function - solid spherical harmonic function - solid zonal harmonic function
- source function

- sourcewise representable function

- space-dependent function

- space-time function

- spannable function

- spheroidal function

- spinor-valued function

- spline function

- square-integrable function

- square-sine function

- square-summable function

- stability function

- stable function

- starlike function

- star-shaped function

- stationary random function

- statistical function

- status function

- steadily decreasing function
- steadily increasing function
- stiff function

- stochastic function

- stochastic transition function
- stopped random function
- straight-line function

- stream function

- streamline function

- strength function

- stretch function

- strictly concave function
- strictly convex function - strictly decreasing function - strictly increasing function - strictly integrable function - strictly monotone function
- stroke function

- strongly continuous function
- strongly differentiable function - strongly holomorphic function - strongly integrable function - strongly measurable function - strongly plurisubharmonic function
- structure function

- subadditive function

- subdifferentiable function

- subintegral function

- subinvariant function

- submultiplicative function

- suboperative function

- suboptimized function

- subordinated function

- subparabolic function

- subregular function

- success function

- sufficiently differentiable function

- sum function

- summatory function

- superadditive function

- supercaloric function

- supercontinuous function

- supermedian function

- supermultiplicative function

- superparabolic function

- superregular function

- surface function

- surjective function

- switching function

- symbolic function

- symmetrizable function

- symmetrized function

- tabulated function

- tame function

- tangential function

- target function

- temperate function

- temperature function

- tempered function

- tensor function

- ternary function

- tesseral function

- tetrachoric function

- tetragamma function

- time-limited function

- time-varying function

- tissue function

- toroidal function

- torus function

- total function

- total recursive function
- totally additive function - totally continuous function - totally measurable function - totally multiplicative function - totally positive function
- totient function

- tower function

- trace function

- transferable function

- transfinite function

- transformation function

- transition probability function

- translation function

- translation invariant function

- transmission function

- trapezoidal function

- trend function

- trial function

- triangle function
- triangular function
- tribeta function

- trigamma function

- trilinear function

- true function

- truncated function

- truncation function

- twice differentiable function

- twistor function

- two-parameter function

- two-place function

- two-point function

- two-sided function

- typically real function

- ultradifferentiable function

- ultraspherical function

- unbounded function

- uncertainty function

- uncomputable function

- unconditionally summable function

- unconstrained function

- undecomposable function

- undefined function

- uneven function

- uniform function

- uniformizing function

- uniformly approximable function
- uniformly best decision function - uniformly bounded function - uniformly definable function - uniformly differentiable function - uniformly homotopic function - uniformly integrable function - uniformly limited function - uniformly measurable function - uniformly smooth function
- unimodular function

- uniquely nomographic function

- unisolvent function

- unit function

- unit impulse function
- unit step function - unitary divisor function
- univalent function

- univariate function

- universally measurable function

- unknown function

- unramified function

- upper closed function
- upper measurable function - upper semicontinuous function
- valuation function

- vector-valued function

- vertex function

- voting function

- weakly additive function
- weakly analytic function - weakly continuous function - weakly differentiable function - weakly holomorphic function - weakly measurable function - weakly singular function - weighted random function
- well-behaved function

- well-integrable function

- window function

- wrapping function

- wurzelfrei function

- zero function

- zonal spherical function

English-Russian scientific dictionary > function
8 конструктивная функция

мат. constructive function

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > конструктивная функция
9 method

метод; процедура; способ

- a priori method

- abbreviated method

- abridged method

- absolute method

- adaptive method

- adaptive smoothing method

- ADI method

- adjoint method

- adobe blasting method

- aero-projection method

- algebraic method

- algorithmic method

- alternating method

- alternating-variable descent method

- analog method

- analytical method

- angular modulation method
- antithetic variate method
- approximate estimation method

- approximation-function method

- approximative method

- area method

- area moment method

- ascent method

- asymptotically efficient method
- average ordinate method - average range method
- averoid method

- axiomatic method

- axonometric method

- backward-sweep method

- balayage method

- Barrelet method of zeroes

- barrier method

- baseband recording method
- binary search method
- block-diagram method

- bordering method

- Borrmann method

- bottle method

- boundary integral method

- building-block method

- caisson method

- cascade method

- case method

- catastrophe method

- category method

- centroid method

- chain method

- chaining method

- chord method

- climb milling method

- clustering method

- cofactor method

- coincidence method

- collocation method

- colorimetric method

- combinatorial method

- comparative method

- comparison method

- complete elimination method

- complexometric method

- composite value method

- computing method

- conditionally stable method

- conductance-measuring method

- cone method

- conformal mapping method
- conjugate directions method - conjugate gradient method
- conjugate-gradient method

- constant-fraction method

- constructive method

- continuation method

- contour integral method
- control chart method - conventional milling method
- convergence method

- convergent method

- convex simplex method
- correlation function method
- covariant method

- crossed beam method

- crude method

- cut-and-try method

- cutting-plane method

- cyclic method

- data enrichment method
- decision function method
- decomposition method

- deductive method

- delta method

- depth-first method

- describing function method

- diagonalization method

- dichotomy method

- difference factorization method
- differential control method
- differential-equations method

- diffusion method

- digital method

- dilution method

- dimensional method

- direct method of measurement

- direct method

- direct search method

- dispersion method

- distribution-free method

- dot alloying method

- double-description method

- dry method

- dual simplex method

- duality method

- Dumas method

- dye-penetrant method

- efficient method

- efflux method

- electrophoretic method

- elementary method

- elimination method

- embedded method

- empirical method

- energy method

- equal-probability selection method

- equal-strain method

- equation method

- ergodic method

- error method

- error of method

- escalator method

- estimation method

- exact method

- exclusion method

- exhaustion method

- expansion method

- experimental method

- exterior point method

- extrapolation method

- factor comparison method

- factorial method

- factorization method

- falling body method

- fall-of-charge method

- false position method
- Feynman diagram method
- finitary method

- finite difference method
- first approximation method
- fitting method

- fixed-point method

- floatation method

- floating-zone method

- forecasting method

- formal method

- fractional step method

- freehand method

- functional method

- fundamental method

- game-theoretic method

- general method

- genetic method

- geometrical method

- global balance method
- gradient projection method
- gradient-search method

- graph method

- graphic method

- grapho-numerical method

- gravimetric method

- gray-wedge method

- grid method

- Griess-Ilovai method

- grouping method

- half-and-half method

- half-deflection method

- half-split method

- heuristic method

- hill-climbing method

- Hopkinson split-bar method

- horn-and-lens method

- hydraulic fill method

- hypothetico-deductive method

- idealized method

- identification method

- immersion method

- inaccurate method

- incremental method

- index method

- indirect method of measurement

- indirect method

- inductive method

- inexact method

- infinitesimal method

- informal method

- integral estimation method

- integral method

- integro-interpolation method

- interior point method

- interpretation method

- inverse matrix method

- inverse-scattering method

- inversion method

- isocline method

- isolation method

- iterated-interpolation method

- iteration method
- iterative method
- jacknife method

- kernel of summation method

- kick-sorting method

- knapsack method

- laboratory method

- laborious method

- Lagrange's method of multipliers
- large sample method - large sieve method
- learning method

- least sample value method
- least-squares regression method - less than fully efficient method
- leveling method

- limited information method
- linearly implicit method
- linking method

- load factor method

- load-factor method

- local method

- logical method

- logical-and-probabilistic method

- logistic method

- lost wax method

- machining method

- magnetic particle method

- manufacturing method

- mapping method

- marginal method

- Markowitz method

- matching method

- mathematically deductive method

- matrix method

- maximum likelihood method

- mean-value method

- measurement method

- method of abstraction

- method of acyclic models
- method of adjoint gradient - method of algebraic addition - method of alternating directions
- method of approximation

- method of arithmetic means

- method of arithmetization

- method of averages and ranges

- method of averages

- method of backward induction
- method of balanced blocks
- method of balayage

- method of barriers

- method of basic series

- method of bearings

- method of catastrophes

- method of characteristic functions

- method of characteristics

- method of choice

- method of collapsed strata

- method of comparison

- method of complex gradients
- method of complex numbers - method of confidence intervals - method of conformal mappings - method of conjugate directions - method of conjugate gradients
- method of continuation

- method of continuity

- method of contrasts

- method of convex ascent

- method of correction

- method of countable coverings

- method of counterexamples

- method of cutting and gluing
- method of cyclic descent - method of detached coefficients
- method of determinants

- method of diagrams

- method of direct elimination
- method of disjunction of cases - method of divided differences - method of electrical images - method of elimination of quantifiers - method of empty ball
- method of estimation

- method of exhaustion

- method of extrapolation

- method of extremal metric
- method of extreme values - method of false position - method of feasible directions - method of finite differences - method of first approximation - method of first entrance - method of fitting constants - method of fixed points
- method of forcing

- method of forecasting

- method of fraction levelling
- method of full enumeration - method of generating functions - method of geometric exhaustion
- method of gisements

- method of golden section

- method of graphs

- method of harmonic balance

- method of homology

- method of incremental rates
- method of indefinite coefficients
- method of indicators

- method of induction

- method of inductive inference
- method of infinite descent - method of interval bisection
- method of inversion

- method of isoclines

- method of iterations

- method of krakowians

- method of leading variables
- method of least absolute values - method of least distance - method of least likelihood
- method of lines

- method of loci

- method of martingale

- method of mathematical induction
- method of maximum likelihood - method of means and standard deviations - method of medians and extreme values - method of minimal change - method of minimal variance - method of mirror reflections - method of moving frame - method of multiple comparison
- method of multipliers

- method of normals

- method of numbering

- method of observation

- method of operators

- method of optimum allocation

- method of ordering

- method of orthogonal contrasts
- method of orthogonal projections - method of paired associates - method of paired comparisons
- method of parabolas

- method of parametrix

- method of partial integration

- method of partition

- method of penultimate remainder
- method of phase integrals
- method of potentials

- method of prediction

- method of principal components
- method of projecting cones
- method of proof

- method of proportional control
- method of proportional parts
- method of quantiles

- method of quickest descent

- method of randomization

- method of raviness

- method of rectangles

- method of reiteration

- method of representative sample

- method of residues

- method of revolution

- method of rotating coordinates
- method of rotating factors
- method of scoring

- method of search

- method of selected points
- method of semantic tableaux
- method of semiaverages

- method of separation of variable
- method of separation of variables - method of simulaneous displacements
- method of smoothing

- method of solution

- method of spherical means
- method of stationary phase - method of statistical differentials - method of statistical inference - method of steep variations - method of steepest ascent - method of stochastic approximation - method of straightforward iteration
- method of substitution

- method of successive corrections
- method of successive displacements - method of successive divisions - method of successive elimination
- method of summability

- method of sweeping

- method of tangent parabolas
- method of transfinite induction
- method of transformation

- method of trapezoids

- method of unconditional optimization
- method of unweighted means - method of variable differences - method of variation of parameters
- method of verification

- method of weight functions
- method of weighted residuals
- midrank method

- minimal residual method

- minimax method

- mirror-image method

- modified method

- momentum-transfer method

- moving average method

- moving-average method

- multiextremal method

- multiple correlation method

- multiplex method

- multistep method

- nephelometric method

- net-point method

- neutral-points method

- nonconstructive method

- noncovariant method

- nonlinear method

- nonparametric method

- nonprobabilistic method

- nonrank method

- nonrecursive method

- nonsequential method

- normal approximation method

- number-theoretical method

- numerical graphical method

- objective method

- obstruction method

- offset method

- offset-signal method

- one-sweep method

- operational method

- operations research method

- operator method

- optimal method
- optimum method
- optimum-seeking method

- ordinary least squares method

- orthogonalization method

- orthogonalized-plane-wave method

- parabolic extrapolation method
- parallel tangents method
- paramagnetic-resonance method

- particle method

- particle-in-cell method

- path-of-steepest-ascent method

- penalty function method

- plunge-cut method

- point-estimation method

- polar method

- pole-and-ray method

- postulational method

- powder method

- precise method
- precision method
- primal-dual method

- principal-factor method

- problem-solving method

- processing method

- prognosis method

- proof method

- proportional parts method

- pseudoviscosity method

- pulse method

- pulse-echo method

- quadrature method

- quality control method

- quantal-response method

- quasianalytic method

- quasilinearization method

- quota method

- radiation method

- radiometric method

- random search method
- random walk method
- ranking method

- raster-scan method

- ray-trace method

- real method

- recursion method
- recursive method - reduced gradient method - reflected wave method
- refletion method

- regression method

- regula falsi method

- regular method

- rejection mask method
- relative method of measurement
- reliability method

- representative method

- residue method

- response surface method

- retardation method

- retract method

- rigorous method

- robust method

- root-locus method

- root-sum-of-squares method

- roster method

- rotating-crystal method

- rotation method

- rough-and-ready method

- routine method

- row-by-row method

- Runge-Kutta method

- saddle point method

- saddle-point method

- sampling method by attributes
- sampling method by variables
- saturation method

- scale factor method

- sedimentaion method

- self-checking method

- self-consistency method

- semantic method

- semigraphical method

- semigroup method

- separation method

- set-theoretical method

- shadow method

- shaft sinking method

- shake method

- shock-capturing method

- sieve method

- similitude method

- similitude method

- simple summation method

- simplex method

- simplified method

- simulation method

- singular perturbation method

- singularity method

- slope-deflection method

- smoothing method

- solid straircase method

- solution method

- spectroscopic method

- speedup method

- spiral-scan method

- split-half method

- split-plot method

- spot-scan photomultiplier method

- stable method

- standard inspection method

- standard method

- stationary phase method
- statistical sampling method - steepest descent method
- step-back method

- stepping-stone method

- stepwise method

- stochastic approximation method

- stochastic method

- stylus method

- subjective method

- substitution method

- succession-sweep method

- successive exclusion method

- summability method

- sweeping-out method

- symmetrization method

- synchronous storage method

- synthetic method

- systematic method

- target method

- test-line method

- thermal reduction methods
- time average method
- time-of-flight method

- total value method

- total-strain method

- transcendental method

- transformation method

- transition state method

- tree method

- tree-search method

- trial method

- trial-and-error method

- triangulation method

- trilateration method

- truncation method

- truth-table method

- try-and-error method

- Tukey-Cooley method

- Tukey-Sand method

- two-dimensional method

- two-stage least-square method

- two-sweep method

- univariate method

- up-and-down method

- value-iteration method

- variable metric method

- variable-phase method

- visual method

- volumetric method

- weighted least-squares method

- Whitham's method

- wobbulator method

- worst-case method

- X-ray diffraction method

- zero-beat method

English-Russian scientific dictionary > method
10 propositional

пропозициональный alphabet of propositional calculus ≈ алфавит исчисления высказываний, алфавит нулевого порядка classical propositional calculus ≈ классическое исчисление высказываний, классическое пропозициональное исчисление classical propositional logic ≈ классическая логика высказываний constructive propositional calculus ≈ конструктивное исчисление высказываний, конструктивное пропозициональное исчисление extended propositional calculus ≈ расширенное исчисление высказываний, расширенное пропозициональное исчисление intuitionistic propositional tautology ≈ интуиционистская пропозициональная тавтология minimal propositional calculus ≈ минимальное исчисление высказываний, минимальное пропозициональное исчисление modal propositional calculus ≈ модальное исчисление высказываний, модальное пропозициональное исчисление multivalued propositional calculus ≈ многозначное исчисление высказываний, многозначное пропозициональное исчисление open propositional function ≈ открытая пропозициональная функция partial propositional calculus ≈ частное исчисление высказываний, частное пропозициональное исчисление positive propositional calculus ≈ позитивное исчисление высказываний, позитивное пропозициональное исчисление positive propositional tautology ≈ позитивная пропозициональная тавтология primitive propositional constant ≈ исходная пропозициональная постоянная proper propositional calculus ≈ собственное исчисление высказываний, собственное пропозициональное исчисление two-valued propositional calculus ≈ двузначное [классическое] исчисление высказываний, двузначное [классическое] пропозициональное исчисление unary propositional connective ≈ унарная пропозициональная связка - propositional algebra - propositional argument - propositional axiom - propositional calculus - propositional connective - propositional form - propositional formula - propositional function - propositional functor - propositional hierarchy - propositional implication - propositional inference - propositional interpretation - propositional letter - propositional logic - propositional operator - propositional tautology - propositional variable Пропозиционально

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > propositional
11 field

1) поле || полевой

2) магн. наряжённость поля

3) участок; область

4) сфера деятельности

5) полигр. фон; грунт

6) горн. прииск; месторождение

7) горн. промысел || промысловый

8) матем. тело; поле

9) экспедиционный

10) полевой; эксплуатационный

•

algebra over a field — алгебра над полем

field along mapping — поле вдоль отображения

field with symmetry — поле с симметрией

field with a valuation — поле с оценкой, поле с нормой; метризованное поле

field without characteristic — поле без характеристик

field without source — поле без источников

group over field — группа над полем

to establish magnetic field — возбуждать магнитное поле

- absolute class field

- absolute field

- absolutely algebraic field

- action field

- adapted vector field

- affine vector field

- affinor field

- algebraic field

- algebraically closed field
- algebraically complete field
- alternating field

- alternative field

- analytic field

- antenna field

- associative field

- asymptotic field

- augmented field

- auxiliary field

- axial field

- axially symmetric field
- axisymmetric field - base field - basic field
- bicharacteristic field

- bilinear field

- binary field

- binormal field

- bounded field

- canonical field

- canonically embedded field

- centered field

- central field

- choking field

- circuital vector field

- circular field

- class field

- closed field

- cluster field

- coal field

- coefficient field

- cohomologous field

- commutative field

- compact field

- complete field

- completely continuous field
- completely valuated field
- complex field

- component field

- composite field

- compound field

- concircular field

- conformal field

- conjugate field

- connected field

- connecting field

- conservative field

- constructive field

- continuous field

- continuously ordered field

- contracted field

- contravariant field

- controlling field

- convergence field

- correlation field

- countable field

- countably centered field

- covariant field

- covariantly constant field

- covector field

- cross-connecting field

- cubic field

- curvature tensor field

- cusped field

- cyclic field

- cyclotomic field

- cylindrical field

- decomposition field

- deflection field

- deformation field

- degenerate field

- denumerable field

- difference field

- differentiable field

- differential field

- differentially closed field

- directed field

- directional field

- discrete field

- dyadic field

- elementary probability field

- elliptic field

- end field

- enveloping field

- evaluation field

- extension field

- field of algebraic functions
- field of algebraic numbers
- field of application

- field of behavior

- field of characteristic

- field of class two

- field of coefficients

- field of complex numbers

- field of constants

- field of curves

- field of displacements

- field of events

- field of finite degree

- field of flags

- field of force

- field of fractions

- field of frames

- field of functions

- field of geodesics

- field of geometry

- field of graph

- field of higher degree

- field of lines

- field of matrices

- field of moduli

- field of p-adic numbers

- field of probabilities

- field of quotients

- field of rationality

- field of relations

- field of representatives

- field of rotations

- field of scalars

- field of sets

- field of spaces

- field of subsets

- field of values

- field of vectors

- field of velocities

- field of zeroes

- finite field

- finitely generated field

- fixed field

- fluctuating density field

- force field

- formally real field

- frame field

- free field

- freely embedded field
- fully ordered field - fully ramified field
- function field

- functional field

- fundamental field

- gage field

- gamma field

- gas field

- generalized field

- generated field

- generic field

- genus field

- geodesic field

- global field

- gold field

- gradient field

- gradient-like vector field
- gross field - guiding magnetic field
- harmonic field

- helical field

- holomorphic vector field

- holonomic field

- homogeneous field

- horizontal vector field

- hyperelliptic field

- hyperelliptic function field

- hyperreal field

- hyper-real field

- imaginary field

- imperfect field

- imposed field

- induction field

- inertia field

- infinite field

- infinitesimally uniform field

- information field

- inhomogeneous field

- inseparable field

- integer field

- integrable field

- interlaced field

- intermediate field

- interpretation field

- invariant field

- involutive field

- irreducible field

- irrotational field

- isotropic field

- lattice field

- lattice-ordered field

- leakage field

- left invariant field
- linear transformation field
- linearized field

- local field

- locally compact field
- locally compact ultrametric field - locally finite field
- logical field

- matrix field

- maximally algebraic field

- measurable field

- metacyclic field

- metric field

- minimal field

- monotone field

- morphogenetic field

- multidifferential field

- multidimensional field

- multiple-point field

- naked field

- neutral field

- nonassociative field

- nonassociative skew field

- nonclosed field

- noncommutative field

- nondegenerate field

- nondenumerable field

- nondiscrete field

- nonlinear field

- non-uniform field

- normed field

- number field

- object field

- oil field administration

- oil field

- one-parameter field

- orderable field

- ordering of field

- ordinary arithmetic field

- orthogonal field

- p-adic field

- parallel field

- partial differential field

- periodic field

- plane field

- poloidal field

- potential field

- power series field

- preference field

- prime field

- probability field

- product field

- projectable vector field

- proper field

- pseudofinite field

- pseudogeometric field

- pseudoneutral field

- pseudoscalar field

- pseudovector field

- pure cubic field
- purely unseparable field
- quadratic field

- quasialgebraically closed field

- quasimaximally algebraic field

- quasiordered field

- quasipotential field

- quaternion field

- quotient field

- radial field

- radiation field

- ramification field

- ramified field

- random field

- rational field

- real number field

- real-closed field

- recurrent field

- reduced field

- regular field

- relative field

- residue field

- retarding field

- root field

- rotary field

- rotating field

- separably closed field

- separably generated field

- sigma field

- signal field

- signed field

- simple probability field

- singularity-free field

- skew field

- smooth field

- smoothed field

- solenoidal field

- special field

- spherical field

- spherically symmetric field

- spinor field

- splitting field

- standard field

- stationary field

- stem field

- stochastic field

- stray field

- strictly finite field
- strictly monotone field - strongly isomorphic field
- subskew field

- sufficient field

- summability field

- symbol field

- symmetric field

- tail field

- tangent field

- tensor field

- ternary field

- threshold field

- topological field of sets

- topological field

- topologically complete field
- topologized algebraic field
- torsion field

- totally complex field
- totally imaginary field - totally ramified field - totally real field
- transcendental field

- transversal field

- trivial field

- true quotient field

- tubular field

- twisted field

- ultrametric field

- uncountable field

- unit field

- universal field

- unramified field

- valuated field

- valued field

- variational vector field

- vortex field

- vortex-free field

- zero field

English-Russian scientific dictionary > field
12 approach

1) сближение; приближение; стремление || сближать(ся); приближать(ся); стремить(ся)

2) заход на посадку || заходить на посадку

3) аппроксимация, аппроксимирование || аппроксимировать

4) вчт приближение; приближённая теория; приближённые расчеты || приближать

5) подход; метод; технология || вырабатывать подход (напр. к решению проблемы); выбирать метод; разрабатывать технологию

6) приступать к работе; начинать

7) подвод; подача (напр. инструмента) || подводить; подавать (напр. инструмент)

•

to approach a-limit — стремиться к пределу

- ad hoc approach
- analogy approach
- automatic approach
- Bayesian approach
- behaviouristic learning approach
- blind approach
- Boolean difference approach
- bottom-up approach
- building-block approach
- carrier-controlled approach

- cermet approach
- chip approach
- contingency approach
- collective resource approach
- constructive approach
- crossover approach
- cybernetic approach
- deterministic approach
- diachronic approach
- edge-based approach
- elimination approach
- empirical approach
- figure-based approach
- first-principles approach
- fractal approach
- gate-array approach
- graphic approach
- Green function approach
- ground-controlled approach
- heuristic approach
- hierarchical approach
- hybrid approach
- in-circuit approach
- instrument approach
- instrument landing approach
- integrated-circuit approach
- kinetic approach
- line-segment approach
- localizer approach
- macrocell approach
- master-slice approach
- matrix approach
- modal approach
- modified nodal approach
- modular approach
- multichip approach
- multi-issue approach
- nodal approach
- object-oriented approach
- partitioning approach
- phenomenological approach
- planar approach
- procedural approach
- projection pursuit approach
- quasi-optical approach
- rapid single flux quantum approach
- RSFQ approach
- scanning approach
- self-consistent potential approach
- shortest route approach
- silicon foundry approach
- sociotechnical approach
- standard beam approach
- statistical approach
- structural approach
- synergetic approach
- system approach
- thermodynamical approach
- top-down approach
- tradition approach
- user participation approach
- very long instruction word approach
- VLIW approach
- worst-case approach
- WSR approach
- Wuli-Shili-Renli approach
- Wuli-Shili-Renli system approach
- Wu-li-Shi-li-Ren-li approach
- Wu-li-Shi-li-Ren-li system approach

English-Russian electronics dictionary > approach
13 approach

1) сближение; приближение; стремление || сближать(ся); приближать(ся); стремить(ся)

2) заход на посадку || заходить на посадку

3) аппроксимация, аппроксимирование || аппроксимировать

4) вчт. приближение; приближённая теория; приближённые расчеты || приближать

5) подход; метод; технология || вырабатывать подход (напр. к решению проблемы); выбирать метод; разрабатывать технологию

6) приступать к работе; начинать

7) подвод; подача (напр. инструмента) || подводить; подавать (напр. инструмент)

•

to approach a limit — стремиться к пределу

- ad hoc approach
- analogy approach
- automatic approach
- Bayesian approach
- behaviouristic learning approach
- blind approach
- Boolean difference approach
- bottom-up approach
- building-block approach
- carrier-controlled approach
- cermet approach
- chip approach
- collective resource approach
- constructive approach
- contingency approach
- crossover approach
- cybernetic approach
- deterministic approach
- diachronic approach
- edge-based approach
- elimination approach
- empirical approach
- figure-based approach
- first-principles approach
- fractal approach
- gate-array approach
- graphic approach
- Green function approach
- ground-controlled approach
- heuristic approach
- hierarchical approach
- hybrid approach
- in-circuit approach
- instrument approach
- instrument landing approach
- integrated-circuit approach
- kinetic approach
- line-segment approach
- localizer approach
- macrocell approach
- master-slice approach
- matrix approach
- modal approach
- modified nodal approach
- modular approach
- multichip approach
- multi-issue approach
- nodal approach
- object-oriented approach
- partitioning approach
- phenomenological approach
- planar approach
- procedural approach
- projection pursuit approach
- quasi-optical approach
- rapid single flux quantum approach
- RSFQ approach
- scanning approach
- self-consistent potential approach
- shortest route approach
- silicon foundry approach
- sociotechnical approach
- standard beam approach
- statistical approach
- structural approach
- synergetic approach
- system approach
- thermodynamical approach
- top-down approach
- tradition approach
- user participation approach
- very long instruction word approach
- VLIW approach
- worst-case approach
- WSR approach
- Wuli-Shili-Renli approach
- Wu-li-Shi-li-Ren-li approach
- Wu-li-Shi-li-Ren-li system approach

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > approach
14 type

1) вид; тип

2) литера

3) марка

4) печатать на машинке

5) род

6) типичный образец

7) шрифт; гарнитура шрифта

•

of the same type — однотипный

- abstract data type

- adele type

- axiomatizable type

- biological type

- board type

- compact type

- condensed type

- constructive order type
- continuous order type
- continuous type

- converse type

- covariant type

- dense order type

- Didot type

- dimensional type

- discrete type

- elliptic type

- emission type

- enumeration type

- etale type

- exponential type

- external cavity type
- fiber homotopy type
- finite type

- game type

- generic type

- Gothic type

- hand type

- headline type

- heavy faced type

- homologic type

- homothetic type

- homotopy type

- hyperbolic type

- improper type

- integral cavity type

- interaction type

- inverse type

- isomorphism type

- light-faced type

- local type

- magazine type

- maximal type

- mean type

- medium-face type

- minimal type

- mixed type

- monotonic type

- movable type

- multiplicatory type

- newspaper type

- noncompact type

- normal type

- order type

- order type

- ordinal type

- parabolic type

- poster type

- rank of type

- rational type

- recursive equivalence type
- recursive isomorphism type
- relational type

- remainder type

- Roman type

- Russian type

- san-serif type

- sans-serif type

- shaded type

- similarity type

- simple homotopy type

- slanting type

- sloping type

- spectral type

- stable homotopy type

- standard type

- topological type

- type of analyticity

- type of distribution

- type of function

- type of quantifier

- type of variable

- type of variation

- typewriter type

- wrong font type

- zero type

English-Russian scientific dictionary > type
15 implicit

1. a подразумеваемый, не выраженный прямо, имплицитный

implicit threat — скрытая угроза

implicit right — подразумеваемое право

implicit right — подразумеваемое право

implicit complicity — подразумеваемое соучастие

implicit contract — молчаливый, подразумеваемый договор

2. a потенциальный

a sculptor may see different figures implicit in a block of stone — глядя на камень, скульптор видит различные фигуры, которые могут быть высечены из него

3. a мат. неявный

implicit function — неявная функция

implicit goal — неявная цель

implicit link — неявная связь

implicit domain — неявный домен

implicit address — неявный адрес

implicit cost — неявные издержки

4. a безоговорочный, полный, безусловный

implicit belief — слепая вера

Синонимический ряд:

1. absolute (adj.) absolute; certain; definite; unquestionable

2. tacit (adj.) implied; inarticulate; inferred; plain; tacit; undeclared; understood; unexpressed; unsaid; unspoken; unuttered; wordless

3. virtual (adj.) constructive; practical; virtual

Антонимический ряд:

expressed; questionable; uncertain

English-Russian base dictionary > implicit
16 Logic

   1) The Science of Logic Finds Ordinary Language to Be an Obstacle

   My initial step... was to attempt to reduce the concept of ordering in a sequence to that of logical consequence, so as to proceed from there to the concept of number. To prevent anything intuitive from penetrating here unnoticed, I had to bend every effort to keep the chain of inference free of gaps. In attempting to comply with this requirement in the strictest possible way, I found the inadequacy of language to be an obstacle. (Frege, 1972, p. 104)

   2) Logic Is a Microscope

   I believe I can make the relation of my 'conceptual notation' to ordinary language clearest if I compare it to the relation of the microscope to the eye. The latter, because of the range of its applicability and because of the ease with which it can adapt itself to the most varied circumstances, has a great superiority over the microscope. Of course, viewed as an optical instrument it reveals many imperfections, which usually remain unnoticed only because of its intimate connection with mental life. But as soon as scientific purposes place strong requirements upon sharpness of resolution, the eye proves to be inadequate.... Similarly, this 'conceptual notation' is devised for particular scientific purposes; and therefore one may not condemn it because it is useless for other purposes. (Frege, 1972, pp. 104-105)

   3) Logic Carries on an Unceasing Struggle with Psychology

   To sum up brieﬂy, it is the business of the logician to conduct an unceasing struggle against psychology and those parts of language and grammar which fail to give untrammeled expression to what is logical. He does not have to answer the question: How does thinking normally take place in human beings? What course does it naturally follow in the human mind? What is natural to one person may well be unnatural to another. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)

   4) Logic Should Replace the Ordinary Language of Everyday Discourse

   We are very dependent on external aids in our thinking, and there is no doubt that the language of everyday life-so far, at least, as a certain area of discourse is concerned-had first to be replaced by a more sophisticated instrument, before certain distinctions could be noticed. But so far the academic world has, for the most part, disdained to master this instrument. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)

   5) Logic Is Unnatural

   There is no reproach the logician need fear less than the reproach that his way of formulating things is unnatural.... If we were to heed those who object that logic is unnatural, we would run the risk of becoming embroiled in interminable disputes about what is natural, disputes which are quite incapable of being resolved within the province of logic. (Frege, 1979, p. 128)

   6) The Significance of " Baby Logic" for Linguistics

   [L]inguists will be forced, internally as it were, to come to grips with the results of modern logic. Indeed, this is apparently already happening to some extent. By "logic" is not meant here recursive function-theory, California model-theory, constructive proof-theory, or even axiomatic settheory. Such areas may or may not be useful for linguistics. Rather under "logic" are included our good old friends, the homely locutions "and," "or," "if-then," "if and only if," "not," "for all x," "for some x," and "is identical with," plus the calculus of individuals, event-logic, syntax, denotational semantics, and... various parts of pragmatics.... It is to these that the linguist can most profitably turn for help. These are his tools. And they are "clean tools," to borrow a phrase of the late J. L. Austin in another context, in fact, the only really clean ones we have, so that we might as well use them as much as we can. But they constitute only what may be called "baby logic." Baby logic is to the linguist what "baby mathematics" (in the phrase of Murray Gell-Mann) is to the theoretical physicist-very elementary but indispensable domains of theory in both cases. (Martin, 1969, pp. 261-262)

   7) The Existence of a Mental Logic Denied

   There appears to be no branch of deductive inference that requires us to assume the existence of a mental logic in order to do justice to the psychological phenomena. To be logical, an individual requires, not formal rules of inference, but a tacit knowledge of the fundamental semantic principle governing any inference; a deduction is valid provided that there is no way of interpreting the premises correctly that is inconsistent with the conclusion. Logic provides a systematic method for searching for such counter-examples. The empirical evidence suggests that ordinary individuals possess no such methods. (Johnson-Laird, quoted in Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 130)

   8) The Fundamental Paradox of Logic

   The fundamental paradox of logic [that "there is no class (as a totality) of those classes which, each taken as a totality, do not belong to themselves" (Russell to Frege, 16 June 1902, in van Heijenoort, 1967, p. 125)] is with us still, bequeathed by Russell-by way of philosophy, mathematics, and even computer science-to the whole of twentieth-century thought. Twentieth-century philosophy would begin not with a foundation for logic, as Russell had hoped in 1900, but with the discovery in 1901 that no such foundation can be laid. (Everdell, 1997, p. 184)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Logic
17 Memory

   1) A Unitary Search Process for All the Phenomena of Memory

   To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)

   2) Semantic Memory Is a Mental Thesaurus

   [Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)

   3) The Development of Mnemonic Codes

   The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)

   4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of Psychology

   If a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)

   5) The Constituent Elements of Memory Theory

   We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)

   6) The Problem with the Memory Metaphor

   The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)

   7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat Discouraging

   The results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)

   8) The Structure and Function of a Schema in Memory

   A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)

   9) Competence and Performance in Theories of Memory

   Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....

   Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)

    10) Metaphors of Memory

   When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....

   However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have inﬂuenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)

    11) Comparison of Primary Memory and Secondary Memory

   Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)

    12) Semantic Memory and Episodic Memory

   Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)

    13) The Relation of Memory to Thinking

   The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory

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