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61 constitution
сущ.1) пол., юр. конституция (основной закон государства, определяющий его общественное и государственное устройство, избирательную систему, принципы организации и деятельности государственных органов, основные права и обязанности граждан)to adopt [to establish, to ratify\] a constitution — принимать [ратифицировать\] конституцию
to draw up [to frame, to write\] a constitution — составлять конституцию
The freedom of the individual is guarateed by the country's constitution. — Свобода личности гарантируется конституцией страны.
Syn:See:regime values, civil rights, Magna Carta, constitutional convention, clause, Burmah Oil v Lord Advocate, Bill of Rights, constitutional democracy, constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarch, unanimous consent, Federalist Papers, anticonstitutional, Nairin v University of St Andrews, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James, Madison, James2) юр. указ, постановление, декрет (распоряжение главы государства или органа исполнительной власти, имеющее силу закона)Syn:3) юр., ист. установление, указ ( особенно церковный)4) юр., преим. брит. устав, конституция (документ об основных принципах деятельности общественной организации, ассоциации или клуба)Under the society's constitution, the chairmen is elected for a two-year period. — Согласно уставу организации, председатель избирается на двухлетний срок.
5) общ. строение, состав6) общ. конституция, телосложениеHis constitution was far from robust. — Он был отнюдь не крепкого телосложения.
7) общ. склад ума, нрав, характерthe constitution of one's mind and character —склад ума и характера
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62 Article 56
1. In conditions of a state of emergency in order to ensure the safety of citizens and the protection of the constitutional system and in accordance with the federal constitutional law certain limitations may be placed on human rights and freedoms with the establishment of their framework and time period.2. A state of emergency may be introduced in the whole territory of the Russian Federation and in its certain parts in case there are circumstances and according to the rules fixed by the federal constitutional law. 3. The rights and freedoms envisaged in Articles 20, 21, 23 (the first part), 24, 28, 34 (the first part), 40 (the first part), 46-54 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, shall not be liable to limitations. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 56[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 56[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 56[/ref]>The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 56
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63 Chronology
15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence ofBrazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister. -
64 constitution
noun1) (of person) Konstitution, die2) (mode of State organization) Staatsform, die3) (body of laws and principles) Verfassung, die* * *1) (a set of rules governing an organization; the supreme laws and rights of a country's people etc: the constitution of the country.) die Verfassung2) (physical characteristics, health etc: He has a strong constitution.) die Natur* * *con·sti·tu·tion[ˌkɒn(t)stɪˈtju:ʃən, AM ˌkɑ:n(t)stəˈtu:-]ngenetic \constitution genetische Strukturwritten/unwritten \constitution geschriebene/ungeschriebene Verfassungunder the \constitution nach der Verfassungto have a strong/weak \constitution eine gute/schwache Konstitution haben* * *["kɒnstI'tjuːSən]nto have a strong/weak constitution — eine starke/schwache Konstitution haben
* * *1. Zusammensetzung f, (Auf)Bau m, Struktur f, Beschaffenheit f2. Konstitution f, körperliche Veranlagung, Natur f:strong (weak) constitution starke (schwache) Konstitution;constitution type Konstitutionstyp m3. Natur f, (seelische) Veranlagung, Wesen n:by constitution von Natur (aus)4. Einsetzung f, Bildung f, Errichtung f, Gründung f5. Erlass m, Verordnung f, Gesetz n6. POL Verfassung f:7. Satzung f (eines Verbands etc)cons. abk1. consecrated2. consigned3. consignment6. constitution (constitutional)7. construction8. consultingconst. abk1. constant* * *noun1) (of person) Konstitution, die2) (mode of State organization) Staatsform, die3) (body of laws and principles) Verfassung, die* * *n.Beschaffenheit f.Einrichtung f.Konstitution f.Staatsverfassung f.Verfassung f.Zusammensetzung f. -
65 act
1) дія; акт, діяння; документ; закон; постанова (парламенту, суду)2) діяти; чинити, поводити себе; робити запис, заносити ( в акт тощо)•act aimed at the seizure of state power — дія, спрямована на захоплення державної влади
act disrupting the work of a correctional labor institution — = act disrupting the work of a correctional labour institution дія, що дезорганізує роботу виправно-трудової установи
act disrupting the work of a correctional labour institution — = act disrupting the work of a correctional labor institution
act having legally binding consequences — акт, що має юридично зобов'язуючі наслідки
act immediately intended for perpetration of a crime — дія, безпосередньо спрямована на вчинення злочину
act in accordance with instructions — = act in accordance with smb.'s instructions керуватися вказівками
act in accordance with smb.'s instructions — = act in accordance with instructions
act injurious to the public in general — суспільно-небезпечна дія, суспільно-шкідлива дія; дія, що завдає шкоди суспільству в цілому
act intended to forcibly alter the constitutional order — дія, спрямована на насильницьку зміну конституційного ладу
Act to Promote the Development of Mining Resources of the United States — закон про сприяння розвитку видобувних галузей
- act aloneact which has given rise to a breach — дія, що призвела до порушення ( зобов'язань тощо)
- act and deed
- act and intent concurred
- act as amended
- act as deputy
- act as legislature
- act as minister
- act as one's own counsel
- act as one's own lawyer
- act at one's authority
- act book
- act by authority
- act colore officii
- act complained of
- act constituting an offence
- act constituting an offense
- act covert
- act done
- act done willingly
- act endangering life
- act free from duress
- act from mercenary motives
- act illegally
- act in bad faith
- act in breach
- act in breach of law
- act in conformance
- act in excess of one's rights
- act in excess of rights
- act in furtherance of a crime
- act in good faith
- act-in-law
- act in loco parentis
- act in pais
- act in reasonable good faith
- act in self-defence
- act in self-defense
- act in the capacity
- act inapproproately
- act involving public mischief
- act justly
- act lawfully
- act legally
- act malum in se
- act malum prohibitum
- act not warranted by law
- act of accession
- act of adjournal
- act of aggression
- act of attainder
- act of auditing
- act of bankruptcy
- act of civil disobedience
- act of civil status
- act of commission
- act of condonation
- act of Congress
- act of crime
- act of criminality
- act of defence
- act of defense
- act of delinquency
- act of dominion
- act of economic sabotage
- act of force
- act of forgiveness
- act of genocide
- act of God
- act of good will
- act of governmental power
- act of grace
- act of heroism
- act of honor
- act of honour
- act of hostility
- act of indemnity
- act of insolvency
- act of intent
- act of international terrorism
- act of law
- act of legislation
- act of legislature
- act of man
- act of misfeasance
- act of mutiny
- act of national sovereignty
- act of oblivion
- act of omission
- act of outrage
- act of outright aggression
- act of pardon
- Act of Parliament
- act of passion
- act of piracy
- act of political terrorism
- act of possession
- act of preparation
- act of prince
- act of protest
- act of providence
- act of provocation
- act of public nature
- act of purchase
- act of purchase/sale
- act of reprisal
- act of resistance
- act of sabotage
- act of sale
- act of security
- act of state doctrine
- act of state
- act of subversion
- act of territorial legislature
- act of terrorism
- act of the law
- act of union
- act of use
- act of use of an invention
- act of vandalism
- act of violence
- act of wills
- act on a hunch
- act on authority
- act on behalf
- act on instructions
- act on legal grounds
- act on one's own authority
- act on petition
- act on the defensive
- act or omission
- act out a crime in detail
- act out of character
- act overt
- act pro se
- act prohibited
- act pursuant
- act pursuant to court order
- act several times amended
- act single-handed
- Act to Regulate Commerce
- act ultra vires
- act unconstitutionally
- act under order
- act under the sway of passion
- act unlawfully
- act upon charge
- act voluntarily
- act warranted by law
- act with discretion
- act with the authority of law
- act within commission
- act within one's commission
- act within the law -
66 Article 135
1. Provisions of Chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation may not be revised by the Federal Assembly.2. If a proposal on the review of the provisions of Chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is supported by three fifths of the total number of the members of the Council of the Federation and the deputies of the State Duma, then according to federal constitutional law a Constitutional Assembly shall be convened. 3. The Constitutional Assembly shall either confirm the invariability of the Constitution of the Russian Federation or draft a new Constitution of the Russian Federation, which shall be adopted by the Constitutional Assembly by two thirds of the total number of its members or submitted to a referendum. In case of a referendum the Constitution of the Russian Federation shall be considered adopted, if over half of the voters who came to the polls supported it and under the condition that over half of the electorate participated in the referendum. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 135[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 135[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 135[/ref]>The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 135
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67 diagram
1) диаграмма; схема; эпюра; график; чертёж || строить диаграмму или график; составлять схему; изображать схематически•to letter space diagram of structure — районировать схему конструкции;-
adiabatic diagram
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admittance diagram
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aerological diagram
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aircraft balance diagram
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algorithmic diagram
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angle diagram
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antenna directivity diagram
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aperture illumination diagram
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axial force diagram
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band diagram
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base diagram
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basic diagram
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bending moment diagram
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binary constitutional diagram
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binary equilibrium diagram
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block diagram
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boiler flow diagram
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Bonjean diagram
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brake diagram
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cabling diagram
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cardioid diagram
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chromaticity diagram
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chrominance phasor diagram
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circle diagram
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circuit diagram
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clearance diagram
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color-phase diagram
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complete circuit diagram
-
compression stress-strain diagram
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connecting diagram
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constitutional diagram
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construction diagram
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continuous cooling transformation diagram
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cooling diagram
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copolar diagram
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correlation diagram
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cosecant-squared diagram
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coverage diagram
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current-voltage diagram
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data flow diagram
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directional diagram
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displacement diagram
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distribution diagram
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electrical schematic diagram
-
elementary diagram
-
energy band diagram
-
enthalpy diagram
-
equipment diagram
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erection diagram
-
external force diagram
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eye diagram
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fiber diagram
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film threading diagram
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floodable length diagram
-
flow diagram
-
flow pattern diagram
-
force diagram
-
free-space diagram
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freezing diagram
-
frequency diagram
-
functional block diagram
-
functional diagram
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fusion diagram
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gas-gathering diagram
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hookup diagram
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indicator diagram
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installation diagram
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interconnection diagram
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iron-carbon diagram
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iron-cementite diagram
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iron-graphite diagram
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isocandela diagram
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isolux diagram
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key diagram
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ladder diagram
-
line diagram
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load diagram
-
load impedance diagram
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loading diagram
-
loading gage diagram
-
locus diagram
-
logical diagram
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logic diagram
-
lubrication diagram
-
Mac Cabe-Thiele diagram
-
maintenance diagram
-
marking diagram
-
mass diagram
-
mass-haul diagram
-
Maxwell diagram
-
melting diagram
-
metacentric diagram
-
mimic diagram
-
mine ventilation diagram
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mnemonic diagram
-
normal stress distribution diagram
-
oil-gas gathering diagram
-
one-line diagram
-
performance diagram
-
phase diagram
-
phasor diagram
-
piping diagram
-
plant flow diagram
-
polar diagram
-
polar phase diagram
-
Potier diagram
-
pressure-volume diagram
-
process flow diagram
-
propeller diagram
-
psychrometric diagram
-
radiation diagram
-
rectangular stress diagram
-
remote track diagram
-
RGB chromaticity diagram
-
rock-support interaction diagram
-
Sankey diagram
-
scatter diagram
-
schematic diagram
-
sensitivity diagram
-
shear diagram
-
shearing stress distribution diagram
-
shutter cycle diagram
-
shutter diagram
-
signal-flow diagram
-
skeleton diagram
-
Smith diagram
-
S-N diagram
-
space diagram of structure
-
spoid diagram
-
stability diagram
-
state-transition diagram
-
state diagram
-
strain diagram
-
stress distribution diagram
-
stress diagram
-
stress-cycle diagram
-
stress-strain diagram
-
structural diagram
-
switch layout diagram
-
temperature diagram
-
temperature-entropy diagram
-
tensile stress-strain diagram
-
test diagram
-
thermodynamic diagram
-
time diagram
-
time-temperature-precipitation diagram
-
time-temperature-transformation diagram
-
timing diagram
-
tower track diagram
-
track diagram
-
track occupation diagram
-
traffic diagram
-
train diagram
-
transformation diagram
-
triangular stressdiagram
-
true stress-true strain diagram
-
truth diagram
-
TTP diagram
-
TTT diagram
-
twisting moment diagram
-
unloading stress diagram
-
valve opening diagram
-
vector diagram
-
volt-amps diagram
-
water consumption diagram
-
water piping diagram
-
Williot diagram
-
winding diagram
-
wiring diagram
-
work diagram -
68 violation
violation of legislation on citizens' associations — порушення законодавства про об'єднання громадян
violation of regulations on storage, use, registration and transportation of explosives — порушення правил зберігання, використання, обліку та перевезення вибухових речовин
violation of regulations on the acquisition, keeping, registration, supply or mailing of narcotic means — = violation of regulations on the acquisition, keeping, registration, supply or mailing of narcotic substances порушення правил виробництва, придбання, обліку, відпуску, перевезення або пересилки наркотичних засобів
violation of regulations on the acquisition, keeping, registration, supply or mailing of narcotic substances — = violation of regulations on the acquisition, keeping, registration, supply or mailing of narcotic means
violation of regulations on the storage, use, registration and transportation of radioactive materials — порушення правил зберігання, використання, обліку та перевезення радіоактивних матеріалів
violation of rules of use of radio equipment on vessels — порушення правил користування радіоустановками на суднах
violation of rules, norms and standards related to the enforcement of traffic safety — порушення правил, норм і стандартів, що стосуються забезпечення безпеки дорожнього руху
violation of safety rules at explosible enterprises — порушення правил безпеки на вибухонебезпечних підприємствах
violation of sovereignty and territorial integrity of a state — = violation of sovereignty and territorial integrity of a nation
violation of the procedure of entrepreneurial activity — порушення порядку заняття підприємницькою діяльністю
violation of the rules of conduct of hostilities — порушення норм ведення бойових дій ( проти суперника)
- violation of clauseviolation of traffic regulations — = violation of traffic regulations, violation of traffic laws
- violation of civil rights
- violation of convention
- violation of formalities
- violation of human rights
- violation of individual rights
- violation of integrity
- violation of interests
- violation of inventor's rights
- violation of labor laws
- violation of labour laws
- violation of labor legislation
- violation of law
- violation of law and order
- violation of laws
- violation of legislation
- violation of oath
- violation of obligation
- violation of official secrecy
- violation of parole
- violation of privacy
- violation of public interests
- violation of public trust
- violation of referendum laws
- violation of rights
- violation of sovereignty and territorial integrity of a nation
- violation of the armistice
- violation of the state border
- violation of tomb
- violation of trade regulations
- violation of traffic laws
- violation of traffic rules
- violation of trust
- violation of voting secrecy
- violation of veterinary rules -
69 authority
1) власть, полномочие; полнота власти; сфера компетенции2) орган власти; орган управления3) источник права; закон; прецедент; судебное решение; документ; авторитетный учебник по праву4) авторитет; авторитетный специалист; авторитетное утверждение6) доказательство; основание7) доверенность; полномочие; правомочие; разрешение•by authority — с разрешения, по полномочию;
authority by estoppel — полномочия агента, неопровержимо презюмируемые на основании поведения принципала;
authority by law — правомочие по закону;
by authority of law — властью, в силу закона;
by state authority — властью штата;
authority conferred by office — власть, полномочия, правомочия по должности;
on authority — на основании; со ссылкой на... ;
source of authority — источник власти или авторитета;
to clothe with authority — облечь властью, полномочиями;
to divest of authority — лишить власти, полномочий, правомочий;
authority to issue warrants — орган власти, полномочный выдавать ордера;
authority to sign — право подписи;
to vest with authority — предоставить власть, полномочия, правомочия;
under authority of — в силу, на основании;
without authority — не будучи управомочен;
without due authority — не будучи должным образом управомочен;
without lawful authority — без законного на то права;
- authority to punishinternational preliminary examining authority — пат. орган международной предварительной экспертизы
- by the weight of authority
- authority of government
- authority of law
- absolute authority
- actual authority
- adjudicating authority
- adjudicatory authority
- administering authority
- administrative authority
- apparent authority
- approving authority
- assumed authority
- bad authority
- blanket authority
- broad discretion authority
- broad discretion enforcement authority
- budget authority
- case authority
- chief executive authority
- circuit authorities
- citable authority
- city authorities
- civil authorities
- coercive authority
- committing authority
- competent authority
- constituted authorities
- constitutional authority
- constructive authority
- correctional authorities
- custom authority
- decisive authority
- delegated authority
- demanding authority
- detaining authority
- direct authority
- discretionary authority
- discretion authority
- discretionary diversion authority
- district authorities
- executive authority
- express authority
- express legislative authority
- extraditing authority
- federal authority
- final authority
- forged authority
- full authority
- general authority
- good authority
- implied authority
- incidental authority
- independent authority
- international authority
- investigating authority
- issuing authority
- judicial authority
- law enforcement authority
- lawful authorities
- legal authority
- legislative authority
- licensing authority
- limited authority
- local authority
- managerial authority
- military authority
- municipal authority
- naked authority
- national authority
- naval authorities
- non-constitutional authority
- non-statutory authority
- older authority
- operative authority
- ostensible authority
- parental authority
- parole authority
- patent authority
- penal authorities
- permissive authority
- persuasive authority
- police authority
- policing authority
- political authority
- primary authority
- public authority
- rating authority
- real authority
- receiving authority
- recognized authority
- regal authority
- regulating authority
- requisite authority
- reviewing authority
- rural authorities
- secondary authority
- signatory authority
- special authority
- specific authority
- spending authority
- state authority
- statutory authority
- supervisory authority
- supreme authority
- town authorities
- ultimate authority of decision
- universal authority
- unlimited authority
- urban authorities
- vicarious authority
- youth authority
- regulatory authority -
70 federal
федеральний, федеративний; державний; союзний, який стосується союзуFederal Bureau of Investigation — Федеральне бюро розслідувань ( США) (скор. ФБР)
Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy — Національна академія Федерального бюро розслідувань (розташовано у м. Квантіко, штат Вірджинія, США)
Federal Emergency Management Administration — Федеральне управління з надзвичайних ситуацій (розташовано у м. Емметсбург, штат Меріленд, США)
Federal Insurance Contributions Act — Федеральний закон про відрахування у фонд соціального страхування
Federal Land Policy and Management Act — закон про політику в сфері управління землею, що перебуває у федеральній власності
- federal actionsFederal Property and Administrative Services Act — Федеральний закон про державну власність і адміністративні служби
- Federal Highway Administration
- federal administrative agency
- federal agency
- federal agent
- federal aid
- federal appellate court
- federal arrest warrant
- federal article
- Federal Assembly
- federal authorities
- federal authority
- federal authorization
- federal ban
- federal bench
- Federal Chancellor
- federal charge
- federal claim
- federal constitution
- federal constitutional court
- federal constitutional law
- federal contract
- federal conviction
- federal corrections
- federal council
- federal court
- federal court of appeals
- federal court system
- federal decision judgement
- federal decision judgment
- federal defendant
- federal defence
- federal defense
- federal detention
- federal district court
- federal election
- federal employee
- federal enforcement
- federal establishment
- federal form of government
- federal government
- federal judge
- federal judicial power
- federal judicial system
- federal judiciary
- federal jurisdiction
- federal law
- federal law reports
- federal legislature
- federal manager
- federal old age benefits
- federal parliament
- federal powers
- federal prison
- federal prison camp
- federal prisoner
- federal prosecution
- federal prosecutor
- federal provision
- federal question
- federal regulation
- federal regulatory agency
- federal remedy
- federal reports
- federal republic
- Federal Reserve Act
- Federal Reserve System
- federal sentence
- federal state
- federal statute
- federal structure
- federal system
- federal tax
- Federal Trade Commission
- federal union
- federal vote
- federal voting -
71 Article 108
1. Federal constitutional laws shall be adopted on the issues envisaged by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.2. A federal constitutional law shall be considered to be adopted, if it is approved by not less than three fourths of the total number of the members of the Council of the Federation and not less than two thirds of the total number of the deputies of the State Duma. The adopted federal constitutional law shall be signed by the President of the Russian Federation in fourteen days and made public. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 108[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 108[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 108[/ref]>The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 108
-
72 Judicial and Legal System
The 1976 Constitution and 1982 revisions provide for three fundamental courts, each with different functions, as well as other special courts, including a military court. The three principal courts are the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court of Justice, and Supreme Court of Administration. The Constitutional Court determines whether legislative acts (laws) are legal and constitutional. In addition, it ascertains the physical ability of the president of the Republic to perform duties of office, as well as to determine the constitutionality of international agreements. Ten of this court's members are selected by the Assembly of the Republic.The Supreme Court of Justice, the highest court of law, heads the court system and tries civil and criminal cases. It includes first courts to try cases and courts of appeal. The Supreme Court of Administration examines the administrative and fiscal conduct of government institutions. All matters concerning judges, including the power to discipline judges whose conduct does not comply with the law, are overseen by the Higher Council of the Bench and the Superior Council of the Administrative and Fiscal Courts. There is also an Ombudsman, elected for a four-year term by the Assembly of the Republic, who serves as chief civil and human rights officer of the country. This officer receives 3,000-4,000 complaints a year from citizens who dispute acts of the judicial and legal system.Portugal's system of laws is based on Roman civil law and has been shaped by the French legal system. Unlike common law in the American and British legal systems, Portugal's system of laws is based on a complete body of law so that judicial reason is deductive. Legal precedent, then, has little influence. Portuguese judges are viewed as civil servants simply applying the law from codes, not as a judiciary who interpret law. While the post-1974 judicial and legal system is freer and fairer than that under the Estado Novo dictatorship, it has received criticism on the grounds of being very slow, cumbersome, overburdened with cases, and sometimes corrupt. There has been a backlog of untried cases and long delays before trial because of vacant judgeships and inefficient operations.Under Portuguese criminal law, preventive detention for a maximum of four months is legal. Much longer preventive detention terms occur due to the trial backlog. Memories persist of legal abuses under the Estado Novo system, when suspects convicted of crimes against the state could be detained legally for periods of from six months to three years. Media sensationalism and the cited problems of the judicial system exacerbated tensions in recent high-profile trials, including the 2004-05 trial of a child prostitution and pedophile ring, tried in Lisbon, with suspects including a celebrated television personality and a former diplomat.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Judicial and Legal System
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73 государственность
жен. State system/organizationгосударственн|ость - ж. political system, State system;
(государственный суверенитет) statehood;
~ый State attr. ;
(национальный) national;
~ый строй political/State system;
~ое устройство political organization, form of government;
~ая власть State power;
~ый флаг national flag;
~ая граница State frontier;
~ый язык official language (of the State) ;
~ый деятель statesman*;
~ый долг national debt;
~ые доходы (public) revenues;
~ заказ order for government, account;
~ кредит public credit;
~ое регулирование цен state price adjustment;
~ые испытания state testing;
~ый служащий civil servant;
~ая служба public service;
~ый переворот coup-d`еtat;
~ый преступник State criminal, political offender;
дело ~ой важности affair of national importance;
~ые закупки State purchases;
~ое право юр. constitutional law.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > государственность
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74 law
n1) закон- in law2) право; правоведение; законодательство- take law proceedings against smb.- institute law proceedings against smb.4) закон (природы, научный)5) правило•- land law- remain under the protection and authority of the principles of international law- club law- case law- good law- law act- air law -
75 department
сущ.сокр. dept1) эк., упр. отдел, отделение, подразделение, бюро; цех (специализированная часть организации, напр., компании, магазина)grocery department — продовольственный [продуктовый\] отдел ( в магазине)
factory department — отдел [цех\] предприятия
head of department [department head\] — начальник отдела
Syn:See:account department, accounting department 2), advertisement department, advertising department, analysis department, assembling department, audit department, budget department, claims department, compliance department, customer service department, export department, food department 2), headache department, inspection department, investor relations department, new product department, personnel department, planning department, purchasing department, organization department, functional department, segment, service department, shipping department, traffic department, proxy department, department manager 1), department supervisor2)а) гос. упр. департамент, управление, министерство (в Великобритании и некоторых других странах: правительственный орган, специализирующийся на работе в определенной области; входит в название некоторых министерств)Syn:See:Department of State 2), Cabinet Office, Department for Constitutional Affairs, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport 1), Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Department of State 2)б) гос. упр., амер. министерствоSyn:See:Commerce Department, Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Department of Commerce and Labor, Department of Defense, Department of Education, Department of Energy, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Homeland Security, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Justice, Department of Labor, Department of State 1), Department of the Interior, Department of the Treasury, Department of Transportation, Department of Veterans Affairs, State Department, Treasury Department, US Department of Commerce, Department of the Army3) общ. область, сфера, отрасль (область знаний кого-л., сфера деятельности или ответственности кого-л.)Cooking is not my department. — Кулинария — это не для меня [это не моя область\].
Paying the bills is not my department. — Оплата счетов — не мое занятие.
Getting the kids to bed is my department. — Укладывать детей спать — моя обязанность.
4) обр. кафедра, факультет (колледжа, университета)Syn:division 1)See:5) гос. упр., франц. департамент ( административный округ во Франции)See:
* * *
департамент, отдел: группа сотрудников компании, которая имеет определенный круг обязанностей.* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов . -
76 committee
комітет, комісія ( група осіб або орган); опікун, попечительCommittee of State Security Reporting to the Council of Ministers of the USSR — = Committee of State Security
Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women — Комітет з ліквідації всіх форм дискримінації жінок
- committee actioncommittee with a standby status — комітет, що функціонує в разі необхідності; спеціальний комітет
- committee amendment
- committee case
- committee chair
- committee chairman
- committee chairperson
- committee debate
- committee for legal reform
- Committee for State Security
- Committee for Ways and Means
- committee implementation
- committee inquiry
- committee investigation
- committee investigator
- committee meeting
- committee member
- committee of bankruptcy
- committee of conference
- committee of delegates
- committee of experts
- committee of inquiry
- committee of inspection
- Committee of Ministers
- committee of privileges
- committee of representatives
- Committee of State Security
- committee of supply
- committee of the whole
- committee of the whole House
- committee of visitors
- committee on credentials
- committee on legal matters
- committee on local government
- committee report
- committee stage
- committee work -
77 Article 103
1. The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes:a) approving the appointment of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation by the President of the Russian Federation;b) solution of the issue of confidence in the Government of the Russian Federation; c) appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation; d) appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounting Chamber; e) appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for human rights, who acts according to the federal constitutional law; f) proclamation of amnesty; g) advancing of charges against the President of the Russian Federation for his impeachment.2. The State Duma shall adopt resolutions on the issues referred to its authority by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.3. Resolutions of the State Duma shall be adopted by a majority of the total number of the deputies of the State Duma, if other rules for adopting decisions are not stipulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 103[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 103[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 103[/ref]>The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 103
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78 Article 114
1. The Government of the Russian Federation shall:a) work out and submit to the State Duma the federal budget and ensure its implementation, submit to the State Duma a report on the implementation of the federal budget;b) ensure the implementation in the Russian Federation of a single financial, credit and monetary policy; c) ensure the implementation in the Russian Federation of a single state policy in the sphere of culture, science, education, health protection, social security and ecology; d) manages the federal property; e) carry out measures to secure the defence of the country, the state security, and the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation; f) implement measures to ensure the rule of law, human rights and freedoms, protection of property and public order, and crime control; g) exercise other powers vested in it by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.2. The rules of activities of the Government of the Russian Federation shall be determined by the federal constitutional law.__________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 114[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 114[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 114[/ref]>The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 114
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79 Article 84
The President of the Russian Federation shall:a) announce elections to the State Duma according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal law;b) dissolve the State Duma in cases and according to the rules fixed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation; c) announce a referendum according to the rules fixed by the federal constitutional law; d) submit bills to the State Duma; e) sign and make public the federal laws; f) address the Federal Assembly with annual messages on the situation in the country, on the guidelines of the internal and foreign policy of the State.__________<На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 84[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 84[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 84[/ref]>The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 84
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80 monarch
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