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  • 41 espacio

    m.
    1 space.
    no tengo mucho espacio I don't have much room
    por espacio de over a period of
    espacio aéreo air space
    espacio verde green area
    2 program (radio & television) (programa independiente).
    espacio electoral party political broadcast
    espacio publicitario advertising slot
    3 room, available space, space.
    4 character space.
    5 spatium, crevice.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: espaciar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) space
    2 (que se ocupa) space, room
    3 (de tiempo) period, space
    4 (programa) programme (US program)
    \
    a doble espacio double-spaced
    por espacio de... for...
    doble espacio double spacing
    espacio aéreo air space
    espacio radiofónico radio programme (US program)
    espacio televisivo TV programme (US program)
    espacio verde open space, green space
    espacio vital living space
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) room
    3) period, length
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Astron, Fís, Aer) space

    espacio exterior, espacio extraterrestre — outer space

    2) (=sitio) room, space

    no hay espacio para tantas sillasthere isn't room o space for so many chairs

    ¿me haces un espacio para que me siente? — can you make a bit of room o space for me to sit down?

    3) (=superficie) space

    espacio vital — (Pol) living space; [de persona] living space

    4) [en un escrito] space

    un texto mecanografiado a un espacio/a doble espacio — a single-spaced/double-spaced typescript

    escríbelo a un espacio/a doble espacio — type it with single spacing/double spacing

    espacio interlineal — interlinear spacing, inter-line spacing

    5) [de tiempo] space
    6) (Radio, TV) [en la programación] slot; (=programa) programme, program (EEUU)

    espacio electoral party political broadcast

    espacio publicitario — advertising spot, commercial

    7) (Mús) interval
    8) †† (=tardanza) delay, slowness
    * * *
    1)
    a) (amplitud, capacidad) space, room
    b) (entre líneas, palabras) space; ( entre objetos) space, gap

    un folio mecanografiado a doble espacio/a un espacio — a sheet of double-spaced/single-spaced typing

    c) (recinto, área) area
    2) (Espac)
    3) ( de tiempo)

    por espacio de 24 horasfor 24 hours o for a period of 24 hours

    4)
    a) (Rad, TV) ( hueco) slot; ( programa) program*

    espacio deportivo/informativo — sports/news program

    b) (en periódico, revista) space
    * * *
    1)
    a) (amplitud, capacidad) space, room
    b) (entre líneas, palabras) space; ( entre objetos) space, gap

    un folio mecanografiado a doble espacio/a un espacio — a sheet of double-spaced/single-spaced typing

    c) (recinto, área) area
    2) (Espac)
    3) ( de tiempo)

    por espacio de 24 horasfor 24 hours o for a period of 24 hours

    4)
    a) (Rad, TV) ( hueco) slot; ( programa) program*

    espacio deportivo/informativo — sports/news program

    b) (en periódico, revista) space
    * * *
    espacio1
    1 = space.

    Ex: For example, 629.1388 in DC has to house all documents on Astronautics documents on Instrumentation, Earth satellites, Monkeys in space, Manned flights, and so on.

    * agricultura en el espacio = astroculture.
    * ciencias del espacio, las = space science(s), the.
    * ciencias sobre la vida en el espacio = space life sciences.
    * criatura del espacio = space monster.
    * cultivo en el espacio = astroculture.
    * espacio aéreo = airspace.
    * espacio exterior = outer space.
    * fotografía del espacio = space photograph.
    * NASA (Administración Nacional para la Aeronáutica y el Espacio) = NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).

    espacio2
    2 = capacity, gap, room, slot, space, spacing, spaciousness, span, headroom, elbow room.

    Ex: Marginal storage cards normally have capacity for storing citations and abstracts.

    Ex: New editions will be essentially cumulations and therefore a longer gap will exist between editions.
    Ex: It then displays a screen with room to enter 28 copy numbers.
    Ex: These frames are of different types and have slots also of different types, which can be filled by other frames.
    Ex: There is only space to review briefly the special problems associated with the descriptive cataloguing of nonbook materials.
    Ex: Guidelines can be expected to discuss some or all of the following: instructions on the way in which abstracts are to be presented, e.g. typing, paper, layout, spacing.
    Ex: The overall plan of the library is to provide an atmosphere of spaciousness and calm, in contrast to the urban bustle outside = El proyecto general de la biblioteca es ofrecer un ambiente de amplitud y calma, en contraste con el bullicio urbano exterior.
    Ex: The disc held an 18-month span of data from CAB ABSTRACTS.
    Ex: I was also encouraged to read a subscriber to this list has over 40,000 items meaning this software has plenty of headroom = También me sentí animado al leer que un miembro de esta lista tiene más de 40.000 registros lo que significa que este software tiene bastante capacidad.
    Ex: People will work at a higher level when they have adequate elbow room for decision making.
    * acabarse el espacio = run out of + space.
    * a doble espacio = double-spaced.
    * agotar el espacio = run out of + space.
    * ahorrar espacio = conserve + space, save + space.
    * ahorro de espacio = economy of space.
    * asignación de espacio = space allocation.
    * a un solo espacio = single-spaced.
    * barrera espacio-temporal = space-time barrier.
    * compartir espacio = share + space.
    * dejar espacio para = leave + room for.
    * derrochar espacio = waste + space.
    * desperdicio de espacio = space waster.
    * en el espacio = spatially.
    * en espacios cerrados = indoors.
    * en un corto espacio de tiempo = in a short space of time.
    * espacio abierto = open space.
    * espacio abierto público = public open space.
    * espacio al aire libre = outdoor space.
    * espacio cerrado = closed space.
    * espacio de almacenamiento = storage space.
    * espacio de almacenamiento en disco = drive storage space.
    * espacio dedicado a estanterías = stack space.
    * espacio destinado a encuentros de todo tipo = meeting space.
    * espacio de trabajo = workspace.
    * espacio en blanco = blank, blank space.
    * espacio en blanco final = trailing blank.
    * espacio en blanco inicial = beginning blank.
    * espacio en disco = disc space.
    * espacio entre columnas = intercolumn spacing.
    * Espacio Europeo para la Educación Superior (EEES) = European Space for Higher Education (ESHE).
    * espacio físico = physical facility, physical space.
    * espacio físico disponible = floor space.
    * espacio interlineal = interline spacing.
    * espacio interpersonal = personal boundaries.
    * espacio libre = vacant space.
    * espacio para las piernas = legroom.
    * espacio para los expositores = display space.
    * espacio para trabajar = workspace.
    * espacio personal = personal space, territorial space, personal space territory.
    * espacio privado = personal space, territorial space, personal space territory.
    * espacio público = public space, public area, commons.
    * espacio público común = commons.
    * espacio reservado para el estudio = study space.
    * espacio social = social space.
    * espacio territorial = territorial space.
    * espacio vacío = vacant space.
    * espacio virtual = virtual space.
    * espacio vital = life-space.
    * falta de espacio = tightness of space.
    * falto de espacio = cramped.
    * invasión del espacio personal = invasion of space.
    * limitaciones de espacio = space constraints.
    * mantenimiento de espacios exteriores = ground maintenance.
    * necesidades de espacio = space requirements.
    * ocupar espacio = occupy + space, take up + space, take up + room.
    * optimizar el espacio de almacenamiento = maximise + storage space.
    * problema de espacio = space problem.
    * que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.
    * que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.
    * relativo al espacio físico = spatial.
    * rellenar con ceros los espacios vacíos = zero fill.

    * * *
    A
    1 (amplitud, capacidad) space, room
    en el parque hay mucho espacio para jugar there is plenty of space to play in the park
    tus cosas ocupan demasiado espacio your things take up too much space o room
    aquí no cabe, no hay suficiente espacio it won't fit here, there isn't enough space o room
    2 (hueco — entre líneas, palabras) space; (— entre objetos) space, gap
    ocho folios mecanografiados a dos espacios or a doble espacio/a un espacio eight sheets of double-spaced/single-spaced typing
    rellenar los espacios en blanco fill in the blank spaces o the blanks
    deja un espacio entre los pupitres leave some space o a space o a gap between the desks
    3 (recinto, área) area
    un espacio cercado a fenced-off area
    espacios cerrados confined spaces o areas
    Compuestos:
    political niche, niche
    mpl open spaces (pl)
    mpl green spaces (pl)
    lebensraum, living space
    webspace
    B ( Espac):
    el espacio space
    Compuestos:
    airspace
    espacio exterior or sideral
    outer space
    C
    (de tiempo): en un corto espacio de tiempo in a short space of time
    los efectos persisten por espacio de 24 horas the effects last for 24 hours o for a period of 24 hours
    por espacio de varios años over a period of several years
    D
    1 (en la radio, televisión — hueco) slot; (— programa) program*
    espacio deportivo/informativo/musical sports/news/music program
    espacio publicitario advertising slot
    2 (en un periódico, revista) space
    * * *

     

    Del verbo espaciar: ( conjugate espaciar)

    espacio es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    espació es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    espaciar    
    espacio
    espacio sustantivo masculino
    1

    ocupan demasiado espacio they take up too much space o room

    b) (entre líneas, palabras) space;

    ( entre objetos) space, gap;
    rellenar los espacios en blanco fill in the blank spaces o the blanks

    c) (recinto, área) area

    2 (Espac):

    espacio aéreo airspace
    3 ( de tiempo):

    por espacio de 24 horas for 24 hours o for a period of 24 hours
    4
    a) (Rad, TV) ( programa) program( conjugate program);


    b) (en periódico, revista) space

    espaciar verbo transitivo to space out
    espacio sustantivo masculino
    1 space
    espacio aéreo, air space
    espacio sideral, outer space
    espacio vital, living space
    2 (periodo de tiempo) period
    3 (sitio) room: ocupa poco espacio, it takes little room
    4 Rad TV programme, US program
    ' espacio' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acordonar
    - agobiante
    - ámbito
    - amplitud
    - antes
    - aprovechada
    - aprovechado
    - área
    - blanca
    - blanco
    - cámping
    - conquista
    - después
    - discurso
    - en seguida
    - enseguida
    - estrecha
    - estrecho
    - evaporarse
    - extenderse
    - hasta
    - holgada
    - holgado
    - holgura
    - hueca
    - hueco
    - interlineal
    - linterna
    - margen
    - noche
    - ocupar
    - orientación
    - periodo
    - período
    - plaza
    - primera
    - primero
    - radio
    - reducida
    - reducido
    - remota
    - remoto
    - rincón
    - robar
    - rompecabezas
    - separación
    - sitio
    - sobrar
    - tapiar
    - temporada
    English:
    accommodate
    - ahead
    - bay
    - beyond
    - blank
    - breathing space
    - by
    - clearance
    - come into
    - confined
    - cyber space
    - elbow room
    - expanse
    - extension
    - fill
    - fit in
    - forward
    - gap
    - gate
    - go
    - headroom
    - in
    - length
    - long
    - near
    - on
    - outer space
    - party political broadcast
    - room
    - roomy
    - single-space
    - slot
    - smoky
    - space
    - space-saving
    - spacing
    - span
    - spot
    - stretch out
    - take
    - take up
    - throughout
    - towards
    - turn away
    - wide open
    - workspace
    - elbow
    - leg
    - maneuver
    - outer
    * * *
    1. [extensión física] space;
    la relación entre el espacio y el tiempo the relationship between space and time
    Fís espacio-tiempo space-time; Mat espacio vectorial vector space
    2. [hueco libre] space, room;
    hay espacio de sobra para construir una piscina there's plenty of space o room to build a swimming pool;
    no queda espacio en mi maleta there's no room (left) in my suitcase;
    deja más espacio entre las plantas leave more space o room between the plants
    espacio aéreo airspace;
    espacio vital living space;
    me falta espacio vital I need more space;
    Informát espacio Web Web space
    3. [lugar] space;
    no soporto los espacios cerrados I can't bear enclosed spaces
    espacio verde [grande] park; [pequeño] lawn, green
    4. [en texto] space;
    a dos espacios, a doble espacio double-spaced;
    cuatro folios a un espacio four single-spaced sheets
    espacio en blanco blank;
    rellene los espacios en blanco fill in the blanks;
    Informát espacio indivisible hard space
    5. [más allá de la Tierra]
    el espacio (outer) space;
    la conquista del espacio es todavía un sueño the conquest of (outer) space is still a dream
    espacio exterior outer space;
    espacio sideral outer space
    6. [radiofónico, televisivo] [programa independiente] programme;
    [dentro de otro programa] slot;
    espacios informativos news programmes;
    tiene un espacio en el programa de los sábados he has a slot on the Saturday programme
    espacio electoral Br party political broadcast, US political advertisement;
    espacio publicitario advertising slot, commercial
    7. [duración]
    cortaron el agua por espacio de dos horas the water was cut off for two hours;
    en un corto espacio de tiempo in a short space of time;
    en el espacio de tiempo que se tarda en escribir una postal in the time it takes to write a postcard
    * * *
    m
    1 space;
    espacio en blanco (blank) space;
    espacio de tiempo space of time;
    no tengo suficiente espacio I don’t have enough space o room;
    en el espacio de tres meses in the space of three months;
    por espacio de una hora for a full hour
    2 TV program, Br
    programme
    * * *
    1) : space, room
    2) : period, length (of time)
    3)
    espacio exterior : outer space
    * * *
    1. (en general) space
    2. (sitio) room
    3. (programa) programme

    Spanish-English dictionary > espacio

  • 42 programador

    adj.
    programming, programing.
    m.
    programmer, program director, programer, scheduler.
    * * *
    nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 INFORMÁTICA programmer
    * * *
    programador, -a
    SM / F programmer; (Inform) (computer) programmer
    * * *
    - dora masculino, femenino programmer
    * * *
    = programmer, software developer.
    Ex. DBMS are essentially programming frameworks, and can offer good storage and retrieval, but often are intended for programmers to interact with, and thus may need a programmer in order to make them usable to libraries.
    Ex. With the hardware standards for CD-ROM basically established, it is now up to software developers to provide efficient indexing and retrieval software.
    ----
    * no programador = non-programmer.
    * programador automático de tareas = scheduler.
    * programador de aplicaciones bibliotecarias = library software developer.
    * programador de tiempo = egg timer.
    * * *
    - dora masculino, femenino programmer
    * * *
    = programmer, software developer.

    Ex: DBMS are essentially programming frameworks, and can offer good storage and retrieval, but often are intended for programmers to interact with, and thus may need a programmer in order to make them usable to libraries.

    Ex: With the hardware standards for CD-ROM basically established, it is now up to software developers to provide efficient indexing and retrieval software.
    * no programador = non-programmer.
    * programador automático de tareas = scheduler.
    * programador de aplicaciones bibliotecarias = library software developer.
    * programador de tiempo = egg timer.

    * * *
    masculine, feminine
    1 (persona) programmer
    2
    un video con programador a programmable video
    * * *

    programador
    ◊ - dora sustantivo masculino, femenino

    programmer
    programador,-ora sustantivo masculino y femenino programmer

    ' programador' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    programadora
    English:
    programer
    - programmer
    - systems programmer
    - computer
    * * *
    programador, -ora
    nm,f
    Informát [persona] programmer
    nm
    [aparato] programmer;
    el programador de la calefacción/del vídeo the heating/video programmer
    * * *
    m, programadora f programmer
    * * *
    : programmer
    * * *
    programador n (persona) programmer

    Spanish-English dictionary > programador

  • 43 модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

    1. modular data center

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.


    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

  • 44 conocimiento

    m.
    1 knowledge.
    hablar/actuar con conocimiento de causa to know what one is talking about/doing
    poner algo en conocimiento de alguien to bring something to somebody's attention, to inform somebody of something
    tener conocimiento de algo to be aware of something
    ha llegado a mi conocimiento que estás insatisfecho it has come to my attention that you are not happy
    2 consciousness (sentido, conciencia).
    perder/recobrar el conocimiento to lose/regain consciousness
    estaba tumbado en el suelo, sin conocimiento he was lying unconscious on the floor
    3 awareness, consciousness, cognizance.
    * * *
    1 (In 1, also used in plural with the same meaning) (saber) knowledge
    2 (sensatez) good sense
    3 (conciencia) consciousness
    \
    con conocimiento de causa with full knowledge of the facts
    perder el conocimiento to lose consciousness
    poner algo en conocimiento de alguien to make something known to somebody, inform somebody of something
    recobrar el conocimiento to regain consciousness, come round
    tener conocimiento de algo to know about something
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=saber) knowledge

    conocimientos(=nociones) knowledge sing

    mis pocos conocimientos de filosofía/cocina — my limited knowledge of philosophy/cookery

    2) (=información) knowledge

    dar conocimiento de algo, dimos conocimiento del robo a la policía — we informed the police about the robbery

    llegar a conocimiento de algn — to come to sb's attention o notice

    tener conocimiento de algo, aún no tenemos conocimiento de su detención — we still do not know that he has been arrested

    desea ponerlo en conocimiento público — he wants it brought to the public's attention, he wishes it to be made public

    conocimiento de causa, hacer algo con conocimiento de causa — to be fully aware of what one is doing

    3) (=consciencia) consciousness

    recobrar o recuperar el conocimiento — to regain consciousness

    4) (=sentido común) common sense
    5) (Jur) cognizance frm
    6) (Com)
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( saber) knowledge
    b) conocimientos masculino plural ( nociones) knowledge
    2) (frml) ( información)

    dar conocimiento de algo a alguiento inform o (frml) apprise somebody of something

    pongo en su conocimiento que... — (Corresp) I am writing to inform you that...

    con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa (frml) he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would be; hablo con conocimiento de causa — I know what I'm talking about

    3) ( sentido) consciousness

    perder/recobrar el conocimiento — to lose/regain consciousness

    aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento — he's not old enough to understand

    * * *
    = cognition, competency, enlightenment, expertise, familiarisation [familiarization, -USA], familiarity, insight, knowledge, learning, acquaintance, understanding, cognisance [cognizance, -USA], connoisseurship, consciousness.
    Ex. The information-processing model of cognition, and developments in artificial intelligence encourage such comparisons = El modelo de la cognición sobre el procesamiento de la información de y los avances de la inteligencia artificial fomentan este tipo de comparaciones.
    Ex. SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.
    Ex. Considered as necessary work in the interest of humanity and general enlightenment, bibliography gains ground as the years pass.
    Ex. Its primary function is to provide a centre for software and hardware expertise for its members.
    Ex. Step 1 Familiarisation: This first step involves the indexer in becoming conversant with the subject content of the document to be indexed.
    Ex. The most effective searchers are those who have both system experience and some familiarity with the subject area in which they are searching.
    Ex. The human indexer works mechanically and rapidly; he should require no insight into the document content.
    Ex. These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex. It is the responsibility of educators to stretch their student's intellects, hone their skills of intuitive judgment and synthesis, and build a love of learning that will sustain them beyond the level of formal education.
    Ex. It is only with accumulating experience and many years of close study and acquaintance with bibliographic works that a really substantial body of knowledge of the potential of bibliographic sources is acquired.
    Ex. We librarians ought to have a clearer understanding of our stock-in-trade (books) and their function of social mechanism.
    Ex. The passive cognisance of growth causes considerable difficulties = El conocimiento pasivo del crecimiento causa dificultades importantes.
    Ex. This book explores the underlying institutional factors that help museum-based connoisseurship and aestheticism and university-based critical theory and revisionist scholarship exist.
    Ex. For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.
    ----
    * actualizar los conocimientos = upgrade + Posesivo + skills.
    * adquirir conocimiento = gain + knowledge, glean + knowledge, acquire + knowledge, build up + knowledge.
    * ampliar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, expand + Posesivo + knowledge, widen + knowledge, broaden + knowledge, deepen + understanding.
    * ampliar las fronteras del conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.
    * análisis de áreas del conocimiento = domain analysis.
    * análisis de dominios del conocimiento = domain analysis.
    * aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.
    * área de conocimiento = area of study.
    * área del conocimiento = area of knowledge, discipline, subject field, field of activity, knowledge domain, discipline of knowledge.
    * aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.
    * aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.
    * bannco de conocimiento = knowledge bank.
    * basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-based.
    * basado en las disciplinas del conocimiento = discipline-based.
    * bibliotecario con conocimientos de medicina = informationist.
    * búsqueda del conocimiento = quest for/of knowledge.
    * campo del conocimiento = field of knowledge.
    * centrado en el conocimiento = knowledge-centric.
    * ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.
    * compartir el conocimiento = knowledge sharing, pool + knowledge.
    * con conocimiento = authoritatively.
    * con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].
    * con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].
    * con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.
    * con conocimiento de causa = knowingly, knowingly.
    * con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].
    * con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.
    * con conocimientos en = versed in.
    * con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.
    * con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.
    * conjunto de conocimientos = body of knowledge.
    * conocimiento académico = academic knowledge.
    * conocimiento acumulado sobre un tema = lore.
    * conocimiento básico = working familiarity, working knowledge.
    * conocimiento científico = scientific knowledge.
    * conocimiento compartido = knowledge sharing.
    * conocimiento de base = foundation study.
    * conocimiento de cómo sobrevivir en el bosque = woodcraft.
    * conocimiento de embarque = bill of lading.
    * conocimiento de la existencia = awareness.
    * conocimiento de lengua = language skill.
    * conocimiento del objeto = object knowledge.
    * conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.
    * conocimiento detallado = intimate knowledge.
    * conocimiento de un área temática = area knowledge.
    * conocimiento documentado = recorded knowledge.
    * conocimiento enciclopédico = factual knowledge.
    * conocimiento en tecnología = technological skill.
    * conocimiento específico = expert knowledge.
    * conocimiento experto = expert knowledge, expertise.
    * conocimiento explícito = explicit knowledge.
    * conocimiento factual = declarative knowledge.
    * conocimiento humano = human consciousness.
    * conocimiento humano, el = human record, the.
    * conocimiento indígena = indigenous knowledge.
    * conocimiento lingüístico = language skill.
    * conocimiento mutuo = mutual knowledge.
    * conocimiento pasivo = nodding acquaintance.
    * conocimiento pleno = awareness.
    * conocimiento práctico = working knowledge, procedural knowledge.
    * conocimiento previo = foreknowledge.
    * conocimientos = knowledge base [knowledge-base].
    * conocimientos básicos = literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de informació = information literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de documentación = information literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de informática = computer literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos en tecnología = technical literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos sobre el uso de las bibliotecas = library skills.
    * conocimientos de tecnología = techno-savvy, tech-savvy.
    * conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.
    * conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.
    * conocimientos requeridos = job specs.
    * conocimiento tácito = tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge.
    * conocimiento técnico = know-how, technical knowledge.
    * conocimiento teórico = declarative knowledge.
    * con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.
    * corpus de conocimiento = corpus of knowledge.
    * crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.
    * cúmulo de conocimiento = repository of knowledge, knowledge repository.
    * decisión con conocimiento de causa = informed decision.
    * difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.
    * director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.
    * dominio del conocimiento = knowledge domain.
    * economía basada en el conocimiento = knowledge driven economy.
    * economía del conocimiento = knowledge economy.
    * Era del Conocimiento, la = Knowledge Age, the.
    * estructuración del conocimiento = knowledge structuring.
    * examinar los conocimientos = test + knowledge.
    * falta de conocimiento = unfamiliarity.
    * filtro del conocimiento = knowledge filter.
    * fomentar el conocimiento = advance + knowledge.
    * fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.
    * frontera del conocimiento = frontier of knowledge.
    * fundamentos del conocimiento, los = foundations of knowledge, the.
    * gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management (KM).
    * gestor del conocimiento = knowledge worker, knowledge manager.
    * hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.
    * hacer gala del conocimiento que uno tiene = air + knowledge.
    * hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.
    * hacer uso de un conocimiento = draw on/upon + knowledge.
    * impartir conocimiento = impart + knowledge.
    * inculcar conocimiento = instil + knowledge.
    * ingeniería del conocimiento = knowledge engineering.
    * ingeniero del conocimiento = knowledge engineer.
    * institucion del conocimiento = institution of learning.
    * intercambio de conocimientos = learning exchange, cross-fertilisation [cross-fertilization, -USA], cross-fertilisation of knowledge.
    * jefe de los servicios de gestión del conocimiento = chief knowledge officer (CKO).
    * metaconocimiento = meta-knowledge.
    * navegación por el conocimiento = knowledge navigation.
    * navegador del conocimiento = knowledge navigator.
    * obtener conocimiento = gain + an understanding.
    * ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * perder el conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + senses, pass out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * pérdida del conocimiento = unconsciousness, fainting, fainting fit, loss of consciousness.
    * personas sin conocimientos técnicos, las = non-technical, the.
    * presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.
    * profundizar en el conocimiento = deepen + knowledge.
    * propagar el conocimiento = propagate + knowledge.
    * proporcionar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.
    * quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.
    * rama del conocimiento = branch of learning.
    * recobrar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * recuperar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * red de conocimiento = knowledge network.
    * servidor del conocimiento = knowledge server.
    * sin conocimiento = unconscious.
    * sin conocimiento de causa = unbeknown to, unbeknownst to.
    * sintetizar el conocimiento = synthesise + knowledge.
    * sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.
    * sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.
    * Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.
    * suministrar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.
    * tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.
    * toma de decisiones con conocimiento de causa = informed decision making.
    * tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.
    * transferencia de conocimiento = transfer of knowledge, knowledge transfer.
    * utilizar los conocimientos de Uno = put + Posesivo + knowledge to work.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( saber) knowledge
    b) conocimientos masculino plural ( nociones) knowledge
    2) (frml) ( información)

    dar conocimiento de algo a alguiento inform o (frml) apprise somebody of something

    pongo en su conocimiento que... — (Corresp) I am writing to inform you that...

    con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa (frml) he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would be; hablo con conocimiento de causa — I know what I'm talking about

    3) ( sentido) consciousness

    perder/recobrar el conocimiento — to lose/regain consciousness

    aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento — he's not old enough to understand

    * * *
    = cognition, competency, enlightenment, expertise, familiarisation [familiarization, -USA], familiarity, insight, knowledge, learning, acquaintance, understanding, cognisance [cognizance, -USA], connoisseurship, consciousness.

    Ex: The information-processing model of cognition, and developments in artificial intelligence encourage such comparisons = El modelo de la cognición sobre el procesamiento de la información de y los avances de la inteligencia artificial fomentan este tipo de comparaciones.

    Ex: SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.
    Ex: Considered as necessary work in the interest of humanity and general enlightenment, bibliography gains ground as the years pass.
    Ex: Its primary function is to provide a centre for software and hardware expertise for its members.
    Ex: Step 1 Familiarisation: This first step involves the indexer in becoming conversant with the subject content of the document to be indexed.
    Ex: The most effective searchers are those who have both system experience and some familiarity with the subject area in which they are searching.
    Ex: The human indexer works mechanically and rapidly; he should require no insight into the document content.
    Ex: These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.
    Ex: It is the responsibility of educators to stretch their student's intellects, hone their skills of intuitive judgment and synthesis, and build a love of learning that will sustain them beyond the level of formal education.
    Ex: It is only with accumulating experience and many years of close study and acquaintance with bibliographic works that a really substantial body of knowledge of the potential of bibliographic sources is acquired.
    Ex: We librarians ought to have a clearer understanding of our stock-in-trade (books) and their function of social mechanism.
    Ex: The passive cognisance of growth causes considerable difficulties = El conocimiento pasivo del crecimiento causa dificultades importantes.
    Ex: This book explores the underlying institutional factors that help museum-based connoisseurship and aestheticism and university-based critical theory and revisionist scholarship exist.
    Ex: For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.
    * actualizar los conocimientos = upgrade + Posesivo + skills.
    * adquirir conocimiento = gain + knowledge, glean + knowledge, acquire + knowledge, build up + knowledge.
    * ampliar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, expand + Posesivo + knowledge, widen + knowledge, broaden + knowledge, deepen + understanding.
    * ampliar las fronteras del conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.
    * análisis de áreas del conocimiento = domain analysis.
    * análisis de dominios del conocimiento = domain analysis.
    * aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.
    * área de conocimiento = area of study.
    * área del conocimiento = area of knowledge, discipline, subject field, field of activity, knowledge domain, discipline of knowledge.
    * aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.
    * aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.
    * bannco de conocimiento = knowledge bank.
    * basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-based.
    * basado en las disciplinas del conocimiento = discipline-based.
    * bibliotecario con conocimientos de medicina = informationist.
    * búsqueda del conocimiento = quest for/of knowledge.
    * campo del conocimiento = field of knowledge.
    * centrado en el conocimiento = knowledge-centric.
    * ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.
    * compartir el conocimiento = knowledge sharing, pool + knowledge.
    * con conocimiento = authoritatively.
    * con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].
    * con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].
    * con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.
    * con conocimiento de causa = knowingly, knowingly.
    * con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].
    * con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.
    * con conocimientos en = versed in.
    * con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.
    * con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.
    * conjunto de conocimientos = body of knowledge.
    * conocimiento académico = academic knowledge.
    * conocimiento acumulado sobre un tema = lore.
    * conocimiento básico = working familiarity, working knowledge.
    * conocimiento científico = scientific knowledge.
    * conocimiento compartido = knowledge sharing.
    * conocimiento de base = foundation study.
    * conocimiento de cómo sobrevivir en el bosque = woodcraft.
    * conocimiento de embarque = bill of lading.
    * conocimiento de la existencia = awareness.
    * conocimiento de lengua = language skill.
    * conocimiento del objeto = object knowledge.
    * conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.
    * conocimiento detallado = intimate knowledge.
    * conocimiento de un área temática = area knowledge.
    * conocimiento documentado = recorded knowledge.
    * conocimiento enciclopédico = factual knowledge.
    * conocimiento en tecnología = technological skill.
    * conocimiento específico = expert knowledge.
    * conocimiento experto = expert knowledge, expertise.
    * conocimiento explícito = explicit knowledge.
    * conocimiento factual = declarative knowledge.
    * conocimiento humano = human consciousness.
    * conocimiento humano, el = human record, the.
    * conocimiento indígena = indigenous knowledge.
    * conocimiento lingüístico = language skill.
    * conocimiento mutuo = mutual knowledge.
    * conocimiento pasivo = nodding acquaintance.
    * conocimiento pleno = awareness.
    * conocimiento práctico = working knowledge, procedural knowledge.
    * conocimiento previo = foreknowledge.
    * conocimientos = knowledge base [knowledge-base].
    * conocimientos básicos = literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de informació = information literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de documentación = information literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos de informática = computer literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos en tecnología = technical literacy.
    * conocimientos básicos sobre el uso de las bibliotecas = library skills.
    * conocimientos de tecnología = techno-savvy, tech-savvy.
    * conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.
    * conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.
    * conocimientos requeridos = job specs.
    * conocimiento tácito = tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge.
    * conocimiento técnico = know-how, technical knowledge.
    * conocimiento teórico = declarative knowledge.
    * con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.
    * corpus de conocimiento = corpus of knowledge.
    * crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.
    * cúmulo de conocimiento = repository of knowledge, knowledge repository.
    * decisión con conocimiento de causa = informed decision.
    * difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.
    * director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.
    * dominio del conocimiento = knowledge domain.
    * economía basada en el conocimiento = knowledge driven economy.
    * economía del conocimiento = knowledge economy.
    * Era del Conocimiento, la = Knowledge Age, the.
    * estructuración del conocimiento = knowledge structuring.
    * examinar los conocimientos = test + knowledge.
    * falta de conocimiento = unfamiliarity.
    * filtro del conocimiento = knowledge filter.
    * fomentar el conocimiento = advance + knowledge.
    * fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.
    * frontera del conocimiento = frontier of knowledge.
    * fundamentos del conocimiento, los = foundations of knowledge, the.
    * gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management (KM).
    * gestor del conocimiento = knowledge worker, knowledge manager.
    * hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.
    * hacer gala del conocimiento que uno tiene = air + knowledge.
    * hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.
    * hacer uso de un conocimiento = draw on/upon + knowledge.
    * impartir conocimiento = impart + knowledge.
    * inculcar conocimiento = instil + knowledge.
    * ingeniería del conocimiento = knowledge engineering.
    * ingeniero del conocimiento = knowledge engineer.
    * institucion del conocimiento = institution of learning.
    * intercambio de conocimientos = learning exchange, cross-fertilisation [cross-fertilization, -USA], cross-fertilisation of knowledge.
    * jefe de los servicios de gestión del conocimiento = chief knowledge officer (CKO).
    * metaconocimiento = meta-knowledge.
    * navegación por el conocimiento = knowledge navigation.
    * navegador del conocimiento = knowledge navigator.
    * obtener conocimiento = gain + an understanding.
    * ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * perder el conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + senses, pass out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * pérdida del conocimiento = unconsciousness, fainting, fainting fit, loss of consciousness.
    * personas sin conocimientos técnicos, las = non-technical, the.
    * presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.
    * profundizar en el conocimiento = deepen + knowledge.
    * propagar el conocimiento = propagate + knowledge.
    * proporcionar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.
    * quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.
    * rama del conocimiento = branch of learning.
    * recobrar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * recuperar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.
    * red de conocimiento = knowledge network.
    * servidor del conocimiento = knowledge server.
    * sin conocimiento = unconscious.
    * sin conocimiento de causa = unbeknown to, unbeknownst to.
    * sintetizar el conocimiento = synthesise + knowledge.
    * sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.
    * sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.
    * Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.
    * suministrar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.
    * tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.
    * toma de decisiones con conocimiento de causa = informed decision making.
    * tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.
    * transferencia de conocimiento = transfer of knowledge, knowledge transfer.
    * utilizar los conocimientos de Uno = put + Posesivo + knowledge to work.

    * * *
    A
    1 (saber) knowledge
    tiene algunos conocimientos de inglés he has some knowledge of English, he knows some English
    B ( frml)
    (información): dio conocimiento del suceso a las autoridades he informed o ( frml) apprised the authorities of the incident
    puso el hecho en conocimiento de la policía she informed the police of the incident, she reported the incident to the police
    pongo en su conocimiento que … ( Corresp) I am writing to inform you that …
    al tener conocimiento del suceso upon learning of the incident ( frml)
    a esas horas no se tenía todavía conocimiento de la noticia at that time we/they still had not heard the news
    ciertas personas tienen conocimiento de sus actividades certain people are aware of her activities
    llegar a conocimiento de algn to come to sb's attention o notice ( frml)
    con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa ( frml); he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would be
    te lo digo con conocimiento de causa I know what I'm talking about
    Compuesto:
    bill of lading, waybill
    C (sentido) consciousness
    perder el conocimiento to lose consciousness
    cuando recobró el conocimiento when he regained consciousness, when he came to o round
    estar sin conocimiento to be unconscious
    D
    (entendimiento): aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento he's not old enough to understand
    * * *

     

    conocimiento sustantivo masculino


    poner algo en conocimiento de algn to inform sb of sth;
    tener conocimiento de algo to be aware of sth

    perder/recobrar el conocimiento to lose/regain consciousness;

    estar sin conocimiento to be unconscious
    conocimiento sustantivo masculino
    1 knowledge
    2 (conciencia) consciousness
    3 conocimientos, knowledge
    ♦ Locuciones: perder/recobrar el conocimiento, to lose/regain consciousness
    con conocimiento de causa, with full knowledge of the facts
    ' conocimiento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    braga
    - ciencia
    - conciencia
    - desfallecer
    - desvanecerse
    - dominio
    - error
    - orientación
    - parcela
    - revelar
    - sentida
    - sentido
    - experiencia
    - perder
    - pérdida
    - reanimar
    - recobrar
    - saber
    English:
    acquaintance
    - air
    - black out
    - blackout
    - cognizance
    - come to
    - comprehensive
    - consciousness
    - familiarity
    - grounding
    - improve
    - knock out
    - knowledge
    - notice
    - privy
    - recover
    - self-awareness
    - sketchy
    - superficial
    - thorough
    - unconsciousness
    - black
    - knock
    - know
    - pass
    * * *
    1. [saber] knowledge;
    hablar/actuar con conocimiento de causa to know what one is talking about/doing;
    puso el robo en conocimiento de la policía she informed the police of the burglary;
    ponemos en su conocimiento que se ha detectado un error en el programa this is to inform you that an error has been detected in the program;
    no teníamos conocimiento de su dimisión we were not aware that he had resigned;
    al tener conocimiento del accidente, acudió inmediatamente al hospital when she found out about the accident she immediately went to the hospital;
    ha llegado a mi conocimiento que estás insatisfecho it has come to my attention that you are not happy
    2.
    conocimientos [nociones] knowledge;
    tengo algunos conocimientos de informática I have some knowledge of computers, I know a bit about computers;
    nuestros conocimientos acerca de la enfermedad son muy limitados our knowledge of the disease is very limited, we know very little about the disease
    3. [sentido, conciencia] consciousness;
    perder el conocimiento to lose consciousness;
    recobrar el conocimiento to regain consciousness;
    estaba tumbado en el suelo, sin conocimiento he was lying unconscious on the floor
    4. [juicio] (common) sense;
    5. Com conocimiento de embarque bill of lading
    * * *
    m
    1 knowledge;
    con conocimiento de causa hacer algo fully aware of the consequences;
    para su conocimiento for your information;
    conocimientos pl ( nociones) knowledge sg
    2 MED consciousness;
    perder el conocimiento lose consciousness;
    sin conocimiento unconscious;
    recobrar el conocimiento regain consciousness
    * * *
    1) : knowledge
    2) sentido: consciousness
    * * *
    1. (en general) knowledge
    2. (sentido) consciousness

    Spanish-English dictionary > conocimiento

  • 45 пакет прикладных программ

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > пакет прикладных программ

  • 46 машинная программа

    2) Information technology: code
    3) Automation: software code

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > машинная программа

  • 47 программно-совместимая машина

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > программно-совместимая машина

  • 48 copiar

    v.
    1 to copy (gen) & (computing).
    Ricardo copia los cuadernos Richard copies the text books.
    Ricardo copió durante la prueba Richard cheated during the exam.
    copió lo que yo iba diciendo he took down what I was saying
    2 to cheat, to copy.
    3 to imitate, to follow, to copy, to emulate.
    Anita copia a su madre Little Mary imitates her mother.
    4 to copy to disk, to copy, to copy to the hard disk, to copy to the hard drive.
    Ricardo copió sus archivos Richard copied his files to disk.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to copy
    2 EDUCACIÓN to cheat, copy
    3 (escribir) to take down
    \
    copiar al pie de la letra to copy word for word
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=reproducir) to copy (de from)
    [+ estilo] to imitate
    2) [+ dictado] to take down

    copiar por las dos caras — (Téc) to make a double-sided copy

    2.
    VI [en un examen] to cheat
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <cuadro/dibujo/texto> to copy
    b) ( escribir al dictado) to take down
    2)
    a) ( imitar) to copy
    b) <respuesta/examen> to copy
    2.
    copiar vi to copy
    * * *
    = copy down, load into, parallel, transcribe, transfer, translate, mimic, copy, pull down, shadow, pull off, take + a clue from, take + a lead from.
    Ex. Then, consulting his notes again, he said that the only other thing he had copied down was the name of Rosemary Stewart.
    Ex. Multiple copies of the catalogue or index in the conventional sense are not required, but the data base can be copied and loaded into various computer systems.
    Ex. It directly or indirectly incorporated or paralleled several prevailing objectives and concepts of the communication and behavioral sciences and other contributory disciplines.
    Ex. With a limited number of exceptions the title proper is transcribed exactly as to order, wording and spelling.
    Ex. Scope notes, on the order hand, may be present in a thesaurus but are unlikely to be transferred to an index.
    Ex. The structure outlined in the guidelines is not intended to translate directly into a structure for machine-readable authority records.
    Ex. These variations mimic the changes in air pressure at the microphone.
    Ex. Shareware, public domain software, and demos can legally be copied and distributed.
    Ex. It allows users to access categories of relevant information at the desktop that have been organized and pulled down from appropriate Web sites by the program.
    Ex. This shadowing project encourages children to read the books shortlisted for the Carnegie Medal, to 'shadow' it and decide on their own choice of winner.
    Ex. One of its main advantages is the potential to pull off descriptive entries onto disc to create annotated booklists.
    Ex. Taking a clue from the video-game arcades, the scores of the top 10 players are stored and displayed to later players.
    Ex. Scotland should take a lead from Irish on gun control.
    ----
    * copiar a = upload.
    * copiar de = download.
    * copiar registros = download + records, capture + records.
    * copiarse = cheat (on).
    * copiar tal cual = lift + wholesale and unmodified.
    * copiar un fichero = load + file.
    * copiar y pegar = copy and paste.
    * volver a copiar = recopy.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <cuadro/dibujo/texto> to copy
    b) ( escribir al dictado) to take down
    2)
    a) ( imitar) to copy
    b) <respuesta/examen> to copy
    2.
    copiar vi to copy
    * * *
    = copy down, load into, parallel, transcribe, transfer, translate, mimic, copy, pull down, shadow, pull off, take + a clue from, take + a lead from.

    Ex: Then, consulting his notes again, he said that the only other thing he had copied down was the name of Rosemary Stewart.

    Ex: Multiple copies of the catalogue or index in the conventional sense are not required, but the data base can be copied and loaded into various computer systems.
    Ex: It directly or indirectly incorporated or paralleled several prevailing objectives and concepts of the communication and behavioral sciences and other contributory disciplines.
    Ex: With a limited number of exceptions the title proper is transcribed exactly as to order, wording and spelling.
    Ex: Scope notes, on the order hand, may be present in a thesaurus but are unlikely to be transferred to an index.
    Ex: The structure outlined in the guidelines is not intended to translate directly into a structure for machine-readable authority records.
    Ex: These variations mimic the changes in air pressure at the microphone.
    Ex: Shareware, public domain software, and demos can legally be copied and distributed.
    Ex: It allows users to access categories of relevant information at the desktop that have been organized and pulled down from appropriate Web sites by the program.
    Ex: This shadowing project encourages children to read the books shortlisted for the Carnegie Medal, to 'shadow' it and decide on their own choice of winner.
    Ex: One of its main advantages is the potential to pull off descriptive entries onto disc to create annotated booklists.
    Ex: Taking a clue from the video-game arcades, the scores of the top 10 players are stored and displayed to later players.
    Ex: Scotland should take a lead from Irish on gun control.
    * copiar a = upload.
    * copiar de = download.
    * copiar registros = download + records, capture + records.
    * copiarse = cheat (on).
    * copiar tal cual = lift + wholesale and unmodified.
    * copiar un fichero = load + file.
    * copiar y pegar = copy and paste.
    * volver a copiar = recopy.

    * * *
    copiar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹cuadro/dibujo/texto› to copy
    copió el artículo a máquina he typed out a copy of the article
    2 (escribir el dictado) to take down
    B
    1 (imitar) to copy
    me copiaron la idea/el invento they copied my idea/invention
    le copia todo al hermano he copies o imitates his brother in everything
    2 ‹respuesta› to copy
    lo pillaron copiando el examen he was caught copying in the exam
    ■ copiar
    vi
    to copy
    * * *

    copiar ( conjugate copiar) verbo transitivo
    to copy;

    le copia todo al hermano he copies his brother in everything;
    le copié la respuesta a Ana I copied the answer from Ana
    verbo intransitivo
    to copy
    copiar verbo transitivo
    1 (una persona, máquina) to copy [de, from]
    2 Educ (en un examen) to cheat
    3 (imitar) to imitate

    ' copiar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dictado
    - chuleta
    - falsificar
    - imitar
    - pie
    English:
    ape
    - cheat
    - copy
    - crib
    - duplicate
    - impersonate
    - mark down
    - write
    * * *
    vt
    1. [transcribir] to copy;
    copie este texto a máquina type up (a copy of) this text
    2. [anotar] to copy;
    copió lo que yo iba diciendo he took down what I was saying
    3. [imitar] to copy;
    copia siempre todo lo que hago she always copies everything I do
    4. [en examen] to copy;
    copió la respuesta she copied the answer
    5. Informát to copy;
    copiar y pegar algo to copy and paste sth
    vi
    [en examen] to copy;
    lo expulsaron por copiar he was thrown out of the exam for copying
    * * *
    v/t copy
    * * *
    copiar vt
    : to copy
    * * *
    copiar vb
    1. (en examen) to copy [pt. & pp. copied]
    2. (escribir) to copy out

    Spanish-English dictionary > copiar

  • 49 escribir

    v.
    to write.
    hace mucho que no me escribe she hasn't written to me for a long time
    todavía no ha aprendido a escribir he still hasn't learned (how) to write
    escribir a lápiz to write in pencil
    escribir a mano to write by hand
    * * *
    (pp escrito,-a)
    1 (gen) to write
    2 (deletrear) to spell, write
    1 to write
    1 (deletrear) to spell, be spelt
    ¿cómo se escribe? how do you spell it?
    2 (uso recíproco) to write to each other
    \
    escribir a mano to write in longhand, write by hand
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    ( pp escrito)
    1. VT VI
    1) [+ palabra, texto] to write

    el que esto escribe[gen] the present writer; (Prensa) this correspondent

    2) [en ortografía] to spell

    "voy" se escribe con "v" — "voy" is spelled with a "v"

    ¿cómo se escribe eso? — how is that spelled?, how do you spell that?

    3) [+ cheque] to write out, make out
    4) [+ música] to compose, write
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( anotar) to write
    b) ( ser autor de) <libro/canción/carta> to write
    2.
    escribir vi to write

    nunca le escribeshe never writes him (AmE) o (BrE) writes to him

    3.
    escribirse v pron (recípr)
    * * *
    = put down, set down, spell, tap out, transcribe, type, write, write down, write up, pen, put + pen to paper, set + pen to paper, register in, drop + a line, script, take down.
    Ex. Any individual might engage in different information managament activities aimed at putting down new information through writing, glossing, assembling or extracting, and so forth.
    Ex. Set the components down as an ordered string of symbols, according to the filing value of the role operator.
    Ex. For instance: rhyme is still RIME; gypsy is spelled G-I-P -- most of us are instructed to spell it 'g-y-p'.
    Ex. When the user is building a trail, he names it, inserts the name in his code book, and taps it out on his keyboard.
    Ex. With a limited number of exceptions the title proper is transcribed exactly as to order, wording and spelling.
    Ex. To start Bibliofile just type 'bib' at the DOS prompt as shown below, then press < Enter>.
    Ex. A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.
    Ex. On other occasions, where the search must be specified with a number of interacting concepts and other parameters, it will be necessary to write the concepts down.
    Ex. Statistical research into ILL is valuable but can cause problems unless written up well for a more general audience.
    Ex. His career in composition produced some of the most idiomatic and popular short violin pieces ever penned.
    Ex. Some writers of fiction write because they cannot do otherwise they have an almost uncontrollable urge to put pen to paper or finger to keyboard.
    Ex. Once pen was set to paper, the graphic record superseded the need to retain large amounts of information within human memory.
    Ex. Authors must register in their own name and not a pseudonym or maiden name under which the book may be written.
    Ex. The article 'E-mail: turn on, tune in, drop a line...' gives a brief outline of the commands used on the electronic mail system Data-Mail.
    Ex. The program was designed and scripted using the Apple Macintosh computer with HyperCard software.
    Ex. All technical processes that take place before, during and directly after the flight are taken down automatically by the flight recorder in the cockpit.
    ----
    * arte de escribir = penmanship.
    * arte y técnica de escribir obras de teatro = playwriting.
    * brazo de silla para escribir = writing board arm.
    * capacidad de saber leer y escribir = literacy skills.
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * escribir a mano = handletter.
    * escribir a máquina = type.
    * escribir como negro = ghost, ghosting.
    * escribir con sentido = write + sense.
    * escribir con tiza = chalk.
    * escribir en coautoría = co-author [coauthor].
    * escribir en colaboración = co-write [cowrite].
    * escribir mal = misspell.
    * escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.
    * escribir rápidamente = dash off.
    * escribir un artículo = write + a paper, write + piece.
    * escribir un trabajo = write + essay.
    * forma de escribir = writing style.
    * máquina de escribir = typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir de margarita = daisy-wheel typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir de pelota de golf = golf-ball typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir eléctrica = electric typewriter, electronic typewriter.
    * papel de escribir = writing paper.
    * para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.
    * posicionado para escribir con mayúsculas = unshifted.
    * saber leer y escribir = be literate.
    * sala de escribir = scriptorium [scriptoria, -pl.].
    * sobreescribir = type over.
    * tecla para escribir en mayúsculas = SHIFT key.
    * volver a escribir = retype [re-type], rewrite [re-write].
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( anotar) to write
    b) ( ser autor de) <libro/canción/carta> to write
    2.
    escribir vi to write

    nunca le escribeshe never writes him (AmE) o (BrE) writes to him

    3.
    escribirse v pron (recípr)
    * * *
    = put down, set down, spell, tap out, transcribe, type, write, write down, write up, pen, put + pen to paper, set + pen to paper, register in, drop + a line, script, take down.

    Ex: Any individual might engage in different information managament activities aimed at putting down new information through writing, glossing, assembling or extracting, and so forth.

    Ex: Set the components down as an ordered string of symbols, according to the filing value of the role operator.
    Ex: For instance: rhyme is still RIME; gypsy is spelled G-I-P -- most of us are instructed to spell it 'g-y-p'.
    Ex: When the user is building a trail, he names it, inserts the name in his code book, and taps it out on his keyboard.
    Ex: With a limited number of exceptions the title proper is transcribed exactly as to order, wording and spelling.
    Ex: To start Bibliofile just type 'bib' at the DOS prompt as shown below, then press < Enter>.
    Ex: A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.
    Ex: On other occasions, where the search must be specified with a number of interacting concepts and other parameters, it will be necessary to write the concepts down.
    Ex: Statistical research into ILL is valuable but can cause problems unless written up well for a more general audience.
    Ex: His career in composition produced some of the most idiomatic and popular short violin pieces ever penned.
    Ex: Some writers of fiction write because they cannot do otherwise they have an almost uncontrollable urge to put pen to paper or finger to keyboard.
    Ex: Once pen was set to paper, the graphic record superseded the need to retain large amounts of information within human memory.
    Ex: Authors must register in their own name and not a pseudonym or maiden name under which the book may be written.
    Ex: The article 'E-mail: turn on, tune in, drop a line...' gives a brief outline of the commands used on the electronic mail system Data-Mail.
    Ex: The program was designed and scripted using the Apple Macintosh computer with HyperCard software.
    Ex: All technical processes that take place before, during and directly after the flight are taken down automatically by the flight recorder in the cockpit.
    * arte de escribir = penmanship.
    * arte y técnica de escribir obras de teatro = playwriting.
    * brazo de silla para escribir = writing board arm.
    * capacidad de saber leer y escribir = literacy skills.
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * escribir a mano = handletter.
    * escribir a máquina = type.
    * escribir como negro = ghost, ghosting.
    * escribir con sentido = write + sense.
    * escribir con tiza = chalk.
    * escribir en coautoría = co-author [coauthor].
    * escribir en colaboración = co-write [cowrite].
    * escribir mal = misspell.
    * escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.
    * escribir rápidamente = dash off.
    * escribir un artículo = write + a paper, write + piece.
    * escribir un trabajo = write + essay.
    * forma de escribir = writing style.
    * máquina de escribir = typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir de margarita = daisy-wheel typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir de pelota de golf = golf-ball typewriter.
    * máquina de escribir eléctrica = electric typewriter, electronic typewriter.
    * papel de escribir = writing paper.
    * para escribir con mayúsculas = in a shifted position.
    * posicionado para escribir con mayúsculas = unshifted.
    * saber leer y escribir = be literate.
    * sala de escribir = scriptorium [scriptoria, -pl.].
    * sobreescribir = type over.
    * tecla para escribir en mayúsculas = SHIFT key.
    * volver a escribir = retype [re-type], rewrite [re-write].

    * * *
    vt
    A
    1 (anotar) to write
    escribe el resultado aquí write the answer here
    escríbelo antes de que se te olvide write it down before you forget it
    lo escribió con tiza en la puerta she chalked it on the door
    había algunos comentarios escritos con lápiz en el margen somebody had penciled in some comments o had written some comments in pencil in the margin
    escribe esta frase cien veces write this sentence out one hundred times
    2 (ser autor de) ‹libro/canción/carta› to write
    esta victoria escribe una nueva página de nuestra historia with this victory a new chapter has been written in our history
    3 (Inf) ‹programa› to write
    B ( pas)
    (deletrear): se escribe como se pronuncia it's written o spelled as it's pronounced
    no sé cómo se escribe su apellido I don't know how you spell his surname
    estas palabras se escriben sin acento these words are written without an accent, these words don't have an accent
    ■ escribir
    vi
    to write
    no sabe leer ni escribir she can't read or write
    mi hermano nunca me escribe my brother never writes me ( AmE) o ( BrE) writes to me
    nos escribimos desde hace años we've been writing to each other o we've been corresponding for years
    escribirse CON algn:
    me escribo con ella we write to each other
    se escribe con un peruano she has a Peruvian penfriend o penpal
    * * *

     

    escribir ( conjugate escribir) verbo transitivo
    1


    b) ( ser autor de) ‹libro/canción/carta to write

    2 ( ortográficamente) to write;

    no sé cómo se escribe I don't know how you spell it;
    se escribe sin acento it's written without an accent
    verbo intransitivo
    to write;
    nunca le escribe she never writes him (AmE) o (BrE) writes to him;

    escribir a máquina to type
    escribirse verbo pronominal ( recípr): me escribo con ella we write to each other;
    se escribe con un peruano she has a Peruvian penfriend o penpal
    escribir verbo transitivo to write
    (a máquina, en el ordenador) to type

    ' escribir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    absoluta
    - absoluto
    - anotar
    - apuntar
    - carro
    - cinta
    - de
    - decidirse
    - don
    - escritura
    - gustar
    - letra
    - máquina
    - margarita
    - número
    - pluma
    - tabulador
    - teclado
    - teclear
    - velocidad
    - acentuar
    - comer
    - dictado
    - dorso
    - garabatear
    - maquinilla
    - plumilla
    - poner
    - rodillo
    - tinta
    English:
    antiquated
    - chalk
    - contribute
    - daisywheel
    - formality
    - inspiration
    - intend
    - keep
    - literate
    - make out
    - neatly
    - paint in
    - pen
    - print
    - put
    - quill pen
    - spell
    - toss off
    - type
    - typewriter
    - waffle
    - write
    - write in
    - write out
    - writing
    - can
    - dash
    - get
    - loss
    - review
    - rewrite
    - skill
    - state
    - stencil
    - whichever
    - writer
    * * *
    vt
    1. [carta, novela, canción] to write;
    le escribí una carta I wrote him a letter, I wrote a letter to him;
    escribió unas notas a lápiz she wrote some notes in pencil;
    escriba las instrucciones en un papel write the instructions on a piece of paper;
    se ha escrito mucho sobre este tema much has been written on this subject;
    ha escrito una página brillante en la historia del ciclismo he has added a glorious page to cycling history
    2. [a persona, institución] to write;
    hace mucho que no me escribe she hasn't written to me for a long time;
    nos han escrito muchos oyentes protestando many listeners have written in complaining;
    ¡escríbenos cuando llegues! write to us when you get there!;
    escribir a casa to write home
    vi
    to write;
    todavía no ha aprendido a escribir he still hasn't learnt (how) to write;
    escribe muy mal y no se le entiende nada he has terrible handwriting and you can't understand a word of it;
    escribir a lápiz to write in pencil;
    escribir a mano to write by hand;
    ¡no te olvides de escribir! don't forget to write!
    * * *
    <part escrito>
    I v/t
    1 write;
    escribir a mano hand-write, write by hand;
    2 ( deletrear) spell
    II v/i write
    * * *
    escribir {33} v
    1) : to write
    2) : to spell
    * * *
    1. (en general) to write [pt. wrote; pp. written]
    2. (deletrear) to spell [pt. & pp. spelt]
    ¿sabes escribirlo? can you spell it?
    ¿cómo se escribe? how do you spell it?
    3. (pintar) to work / to write [pt. wrote; pp. written]

    Spanish-English dictionary > escribir

  • 50 formación

    f.
    1 formation, creation, constitution.
    2 formation, training, education, up-bringing.
    3 formation, line-up, order.
    * * *
    1 (gen) formation
    2 (educación) upbringing
    3 (enseñanza) education, training
    \
    en formación MILITAR in formation
    formación musical musical training
    formación profesional vocational training
    formación universitaria university education
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=creación) [gen] formation

    para prevenir la formación de hielo — to prevent ice (from) forming, to prevent the formation of ice frm

    2) (=aprendizaje) [en un campo concreto] training; [en conocimientos teóricos] education

    tenía una formación musical clásica — she trained as a classical musician, she had a classical musical training

    formación laboral, formación ocupacional — occupational training

    3) (=grupo) [político] party; [militar] group; [musical] group, band; [de jugadores] squad
    4) (Mil)

    en formación de combatein battle o combat formation

    5) (Geol, Bot) formation
    * * *
    1) (de rocas, gobierno, palabras) formation
    2) (Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation
    3) (Mil) formation
    4) ( educación recibida) education; ( para trabajo) training
    * * *
    = formation, instruction, training, schooling, coaching, fashioning, seasoning, grooming, upbringing.
    Ex. In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.
    Ex. Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.
    Ex. The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.
    Ex. Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.
    Ex. Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.
    Ex. The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.
    Ex. All the artists were influenced by their seasoning as commercial illustrators.
    Ex. Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.
    Ex. Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.
    ----
    * área de formación = teaching unit.
    * beca de formación = in-service training.
    * bibliotecario encargado de la formación de usuarios = instruction librarian.
    * con cierta formación = educated.
    * con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.
    * conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.
    * con una formación tecnológica digital = digitally-oriented.
    * curso de formación = training course.
    * curso de formación continua = continuing education course.
    * departamento de formación = teaching unit.
    * escuela de formación = training school.
    * escuela de formación profesional = vocational school.
    * formación académica = academic background, formal education.
    * formación básica en tecnología = technical literacy.
    * formación continua = continuing education (CE), continuous education, continuing training, continuing professional development, continuing professional education, professional development.
    * formación continuada = continuing education (CE), continuing training.
    * formación continua del personal = staff development.
    * formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.
    * formación continua en medicina = CME (Continuing Medical Education).
    * formación de ampollas = blistering.
    * formación de burbujas = blistering.
    * formación de grumos = caking.
    * formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.
    * formación de hielo = icing.
    * formación de la colección = collection building.
    * formación del personal = staff training, professional development.
    * formación del profesorado = teacher-training, teacher education.
    * formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.
    * formación de piquetes = picketing.
    * formación de postgrado = postgraduate education, postgraduate training.
    * formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.
    * formación de un núcleo = nucleation.
    * formación de usuarios = information literacy, library instruction, information skills, library user education, bibliographic instruction (BI), user education, library user training, user instruction, user training, patron instruction, reader education.
    * formación documental = information education.
    * formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].
    * formación en el mundo real = real-world training.
    * formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.
    * formación en el uso de la biblioteca = library literacy.
    * formación en enfermería = nursing education.
    * formación en informática = computer literacy.
    * formación en prácticas = in-service.
    * formación geológica = geological formation.
    * formación in situ = in-service training, in-service.
    * formación interna = in-service training, in-service support, in-service.
    * formación nubosa = cloud cover.
    * formación ocupacional = work education.
    * formación paternal = parenting education.
    * formación permanente = lifelong learning, lifelong education.
    * formación profesional = vocational training, professional education, professional training, further education.
    * formación reglada = formal education.
    * formación requerida = job specs.
    * instituto de formación profesional = technical school.
    * los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.
    * para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.
    * proceso de formación = instructional process.
    * programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.
    * programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).
    * servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.
    * sin formación = ill-educated.
    * sin formación previa = untrained.
    * * *
    1) (de rocas, gobierno, palabras) formation
    2) (Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation
    3) (Mil) formation
    4) ( educación recibida) education; ( para trabajo) training
    * * *
    = formation, instruction, training, schooling, coaching, fashioning, seasoning, grooming, upbringing.

    Ex: In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.

    Ex: Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.
    Ex: The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.
    Ex: Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.
    Ex: Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.
    Ex: The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.
    Ex: All the artists were influenced by their seasoning as commercial illustrators.
    Ex: Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.
    Ex: Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.
    * área de formación = teaching unit.
    * beca de formación = in-service training.
    * bibliotecario encargado de la formación de usuarios = instruction librarian.
    * con cierta formación = educated.
    * con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.
    * conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.
    * con una formación tecnológica digital = digitally-oriented.
    * curso de formación = training course.
    * curso de formación continua = continuing education course.
    * departamento de formación = teaching unit.
    * escuela de formación = training school.
    * escuela de formación profesional = vocational school.
    * formación académica = academic background, formal education.
    * formación básica en tecnología = technical literacy.
    * formación continua = continuing education (CE), continuous education, continuing training, continuing professional development, continuing professional education, professional development.
    * formación continuada = continuing education (CE), continuing training.
    * formación continua del personal = staff development.
    * formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.
    * formación continua en medicina = CME (Continuing Medical Education).
    * formación de ampollas = blistering.
    * formación de burbujas = blistering.
    * formación de grumos = caking.
    * formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.
    * formación de hielo = icing.
    * formación de la colección = collection building.
    * formación del personal = staff training, professional development.
    * formación del profesorado = teacher-training, teacher education.
    * formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.
    * formación de piquetes = picketing.
    * formación de postgrado = postgraduate education, postgraduate training.
    * formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.
    * formación de un núcleo = nucleation.
    * formación de usuarios = information literacy, library instruction, information skills, library user education, bibliographic instruction (BI), user education, library user training, user instruction, user training, patron instruction, reader education.
    * formación documental = information education.
    * formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].
    * formación en el mundo real = real-world training.
    * formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.
    * formación en el uso de la biblioteca = library literacy.
    * formación en enfermería = nursing education.
    * formación en informática = computer literacy.
    * formación en prácticas = in-service.
    * formación geológica = geological formation.
    * formación in situ = in-service training, in-service.
    * formación interna = in-service training, in-service support, in-service.
    * formación nubosa = cloud cover.
    * formación ocupacional = work education.
    * formación paternal = parenting education.
    * formación permanente = lifelong learning, lifelong education.
    * formación profesional = vocational training, professional education, professional training, further education.
    * formación reglada = formal education.
    * formación requerida = job specs.
    * instituto de formación profesional = technical school.
    * los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.
    * para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.
    * proceso de formación = instructional process.
    * programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.
    * programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).
    * servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.
    * sin formación = ill-educated.
    * sin formación previa = untrained.

    * * *
    1 (de las rocas, nubes) formation
    2 (de un grupo, gobierno) formation
    3 (de palabras, frases) formation
    B ( Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation
    C ( Mil) formation
    formación de combate combat formation
    la formación del carácter the formation of the character
    el período de formación the training period
    tiene una buena formación literaria she has had a good literary education
    Compuesto:
    formación profesional or (CS) vocacional
    professional o vocational training
    estudiantes de formación profesional or vocacional ≈ students at technical college
    Formación Profesional - FP (↑ formación a1)
    * * *

     

    formación sustantivo femenino
    1 ( en general) formation;

    2 ( educación recibida) education;
    ( para trabajo) training;
    formación profesional or (CS) vocacional professional o vocational training
    formación sustantivo femenino
    1 formation
    2 (crianza) upbringing
    3 (instrucción) training
    formación profesional, vocational training, occupational training
    ' formación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    enseñanza
    - FP
    - práctica
    - preparación
    English:
    background
    - development
    - formation
    - on-the-job
    - shall
    - should
    - staff training
    - teacher-training
    - training
    - training course
    - training manual
    - vocational
    - parade
    - teacher
    - technical
    - untrained
    * * *
    1. [creación] formation;
    la formación de un gobierno the formation of a government;
    Ling
    2. [educación] training;
    la formación de los jóvenes es prioritaria para combatir el desempleo it is extremely important to train young people in order to combat unemployment;
    recibió una formación clásica he received a traditional education;
    sin formación académica with little formal education
    formación en alternancia sandwich courses;
    formación continua in-service training;
    formación de formadores training of trainers;
    formación ocupacional vocational o occupational training;
    formación pedagógica teacher training;
    formación profesional [ocupacional] = vocational o occupational training;
    [ciclo educativo] = vocationally orientated secondary education in Spain for pupils aged 14-18, currently being phased out
    3. [equipo] team;
    [alineación] line-up;
    formación política political party
    4. Mil formation;
    marchar en formación to march in formation
    5. Geol formation;
    una formación rocosa a rock formation;
    esta zona presenta formaciones calcáreas there are limestone formations in this area
    * * *
    f
    1 de palabras, asociación formation
    2 ( entrenamiento) training;
    alumno de formación profesional student doing a vocational course
    * * *
    formación nf, pl - ciones
    1) : formation
    2) : training
    formación profesional: vocational training
    * * *
    1. (proceso) formation
    2. (enseñanza) education

    Spanish-English dictionary > formación

  • 51 palpable

    adj.
    touchable, palpable (tocable).
    * * *
    1 palpable
    2 figurado (evidente) obvious, evident
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) [con las manos] palpable, tangible
    2) (=claro, evidente) palpable, obvious, palpable
    * * *
    adjetivo (claro, evidente) palpable (frml), obvious; ( al tacto) palpable, tangible
    * * *
    = discernible [discernable], palpable, on the ground, visible, manifest, tangible.
    Ex. It is the cool and perfectly proper expression of a confident professionalism, still only faintly discernible.
    Ex. His manner positively carried with it a chill as palpable as that now in the street.
    Ex. It is difficult to know just to what extent vague concepts like 'the flow of information in a democratic society' actually result in services on the ground.
    Ex. Since a software package is to be sold it must be visible on the marketplace.
    Ex. A close knowledge of the institution is also needed to distinguish between professed objectives, the official and manifest ones which appear in organizational preambles, and the practiced ones which are often latent in the operating program.
    Ex. Nothing in the world is ever going to be 100 percent perfect, but computer problems are more immediate and more tangible.
    ----
    * palpable en = in evidence in.
    * prueba palpable = living proof.
    * * *
    adjetivo (claro, evidente) palpable (frml), obvious; ( al tacto) palpable, tangible
    * * *
    = discernible [discernable], palpable, on the ground, visible, manifest, tangible.

    Ex: It is the cool and perfectly proper expression of a confident professionalism, still only faintly discernible.

    Ex: His manner positively carried with it a chill as palpable as that now in the street.
    Ex: It is difficult to know just to what extent vague concepts like 'the flow of information in a democratic society' actually result in services on the ground.
    Ex: Since a software package is to be sold it must be visible on the marketplace.
    Ex: A close knowledge of the institution is also needed to distinguish between professed objectives, the official and manifest ones which appear in organizational preambles, and the practiced ones which are often latent in the operating program.
    Ex: Nothing in the world is ever going to be 100 percent perfect, but computer problems are more immediate and more tangible.
    * palpable en = in evidence in.
    * prueba palpable = living proof.

    * * *
    1 (claro, evidente) palpable ( frml), obvious
    2 (al tacto) palpable, tangible
    * * *

    palpable adjetivo (claro, evidente) palpable (frml), obvious;
    ( al tacto) palpable, tangible
    palpable adjetivo palpable
    ' palpable' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aparente
    English:
    palpable
    - tangibly
    * * *
    1. [que se puede tocar] touchable, palpable
    2. [evidente] evident, clear;
    el malestar en la empresa es palpable the unease within the company is evident;
    había una tensión palpable en la habitación there was a noticeably strained atmosphere in the room
    * * *
    adj fig
    palpable
    * * *
    : palpable, tangible

    Spanish-English dictionary > palpable

  • 52 programa autodidacta

    (n.) = tutorial, tutorial program(me)
    Ex. Enter the lesson number you wish, or press the letter 'X' to exit the tutorial.
    Ex. Commercial software is used ranging from games to tutorial programs, including computer languages and programming.
    * * *
    (n.) = tutorial, tutorial program(me)

    Ex: Enter the lesson number you wish, or press the letter 'X' to exit the tutorial.

    Ex: Commercial software is used ranging from games to tutorial programs, including computer languages and programming.

    Spanish-English dictionary > programa autodidacta

  • 53 tutorial

    adj.
    tutorial, teaching, instructive.
    m.
    1 tutorial (computing).
    2 instruction manual, manual, user's manual.
    * * *
    * * *
    = tutorial, tutorial, tutorial program(me), training manual.
    Ex. Practical application of these ideas, preferably with editorial or tutorial assistance, is the next step after perusing this chapter.
    Ex. Enter the lesson number you wish, or press the letter 'X' to exit the tutorial.
    Ex. Commercial software is used ranging from games to tutorial programs, including computer languages and programming.
    Ex. Training manuals and support services, such as the Help Desk, are a particular feature of the BLAISE information retrieval services.
    * * *
    = tutorial, tutorial, tutorial program(me), training manual.

    Ex: Practical application of these ideas, preferably with editorial or tutorial assistance, is the next step after perusing this chapter.

    Ex: Enter the lesson number you wish, or press the letter 'X' to exit the tutorial.
    Ex: Commercial software is used ranging from games to tutorial programs, including computer languages and programming.
    Ex: Training manuals and support services, such as the Help Desk, are a particular feature of the BLAISE information retrieval services.

    * * *
    tutorial ( before n)
    ( Inf) tutorial
    * * *
    Informát tutorial

    Spanish-English dictionary > tutorial

  • 54 программа

    agenda, (напр. проведения экспериментов) mission, program, schedule, software
    * * *
    програ́мма ж.
    1. брит. program(me); амер. program
    2. вчт. ( последовательность команд для решения задачи) program; (последовательность команд для выполненная какой-л. операции) routine
    вызыва́ть програ́мму — call (in) a program
    выполня́ть програ́мму — execute a program
    набира́ть програ́мму на коммутацио́нной доске́ — set up a program on a plugboard
    програ́мма нахо́дится [размеща́ется] в … — the program resides in …
    отла́живать програ́мму — de-bug a program
    распеча́тывать програ́мму — list a program, produce a listing of the program
    акти́вная програ́мма (программа становится активной после загрузки и приведения в готовность к исполнению) — active program (any program that is loaded and ready to be executed is called active)
    библиоте́чная програ́мма вчт.library routine
    програ́мма вво́да-вы́вода вчт. — input/ output [I/ O] routine
    ветвя́щаяся програ́мма вчт.branching program
    веща́тельная програ́мма тлв., радио(broadcast) program
    выпуска́ть веща́тельную програ́мму — put a program on the air
    програ́мма в реа́льном масшта́бе вре́мени вчт.real-time program
    вспомога́тельная програ́мма вчт.house-keeping routine
    програ́мма вы́зова суперви́зора вчт. — S.V.C. routine
    выполни́мая програ́мма вчт.executable program
    гла́вная програ́мма вчт.main program
    диагности́ческая програ́мма вчт.diagnostic routine
    диагности́ческая програ́мма устана́вливает и локализу́ет неиспра́вности в ЭВМ — a diagnostic routine detects and isolates malfunctions in the computer
    жё́сткая програ́мма вчт.wired-in program
    програ́мма инициализа́ции ядра́ вчт.nucleus initialization program
    интерфе́йсная програ́мма систе́мы с разделе́нием вре́мени — time-sharing interface program
    исполни́тельная програ́мма вчт.executive routine
    исполни́тельная програ́мма осуществля́ет контро́ль за выполне́нием други́х програ́мм — an executive routine controls the execution of other routines
    исхо́дная програ́мма вчт.source program
    кана́льная програ́мма вчт.channel program
    кана́льная програ́мма управля́ет после́довательностью опера́ций какого-л. кана́ла — a channel program controls a specific sequence of channel operations
    програ́мма лё́тных испыта́ний — flight test program
    програ́мма маши́нного ана́лиза цепе́й вчт.network optimization program
    метапрограмми́рующая програ́мма вчт.meta-assembly program
    програ́мма ме́тода обраще́ния вчт.access method routine
    по програ́мме ме́тода обраще́ния осуществля́ется переда́ча информа́ции ме́жду гла́вной па́мятью и устро́йствами вво́да-вы́вода — the access method routine moves data between main storage and input/ output devices
    неакти́вная програ́мма (программа, незагруженная или загруженная, но не готовая к исполнению, называется неактивной) — inactive program (an inactive program is that which is loaded but not ready to be executed, or not loaded at all)
    незави́симая програ́мма вчт.stand-alone program
    обраба́тывающая програ́мма вчт.processing program
    програ́мма обрабо́тки (да́нных) вчт.processing program
    програ́мма обрабо́тки сообще́ний вчт.message processing program
    обслу́живающая програ́мма вчт.service routine
    объе́ктная програ́мма вчт. — object [target] program
    оверле́йная програ́мма вчт.overlay program
    програ́мма опера́ции сортиро́вки — объедине́ния вчт. — sort/ merge program
    оптимизи́рующая програ́мма вчт.optimizing program
    програ́мма оце́нки состоя́ния систе́мы вчт.damage assessment routine
    програ́мма пере́днего пла́на вчт.foreground program
    програ́мма печа́ти вчт.print routine
    програ́мма представле́ния информа́ции на видеодиспле́е вчт.graphic display program
    програ́мма прерыва́ния вчт.interrupt routine
    пробле́мная програ́мма вчт.problem program
    резиде́нтная програ́мма вчт.resident program
    програ́мма специа́льного примене́ния (программа, написанная для пользователя или пользователем для его собственных нужд, называется программой специального применения) — application program (an application program is that which is written for or by a user and applies to his own work)
    транзи́тная програ́мма вчт.transit routine
    програ́мма трассиро́вки вчт.tracing routine
    програ́мма управле́ния сообще́ниями вчт.message control program
    управля́ющая програ́мма — control program
    управля́ющая програ́мма плани́рует обрабо́тку да́нных и осуществля́ет контро́ль за её́ исполне́нием — a control program schedules and supervises the performance of data processing
    фо́новая програ́мма вчт.background program

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > программа

  • 55 programa

    nm
    (DP) program n, programme n schedule n, timescale n, timetable n
    programa de asistencia al exterior foreign aid programme
    programa económico economic plan
    programa informático computer program, software
    programa de obras públicas public works programme (GB)
    [lang name="SpanishTraditionalSort"]programa de ordenador, programa de computadora (LAm) computer program
    programa piloto pilot scheme
    [lang name="SpanishTraditionalSort"]programa de reciclaje, plan de recapacitación (LAm) retraining programme, retraining program (US)
    programa de recuperación recovery scheme

    Spanish-English Business Glossary > programa

  • 56 программа

    1) General subject: bill (концерта и т. п.), blueprint, catalogue, package, playbill, program, programme, project (строительства и т. п.), routine, schedule, scheme, syllabus (курса, лекций), syllabus (курса, лекций, подготовки и т.п.)
    2) Computers: software
    3) Geology: slate (состязаний и т.п.)
    5) American: catalog
    7) Military: equipment requirements program, itinerary (напр. визита), mine development program, priority placement program, (специальная) project, reserve enlisted program, sequence, slate, syllabus (боевой подготовки)
    9) Bookish: schema
    10) Construction: policy
    12) Religion: outreach
    13) Accounting: layout
    14) Psychology: syllabus (курса и т. п.)
    15) TV: lineup
    16) Information technology: TSR program, applet (в интерфейсе Windows), application (прикладная), code (машинная), computer programme, data flow program, product, program item, rout (стандартная), routine (стандартная), routine program, routine program (стандартная), rtn (стандартная)
    17) Oil: curriculum
    18) Geophysics: module, LMO - Linear Move Out
    19) Metrology: algorithm
    22) Business: plan
    23) Missiles: preset
    27) Psychoanalysis: syllabus (курса и т.п.)
    28) Makarov: application program (прикладная), code (ЭВМ), code (управляющая), diary, job, procedure, program (последовательность команд для решения задачи), routine (для ЭВМ), routine (последовательность команд для выполнения какой-л. операции), schedule (мероприятия)
    29) Logistics: doctrine
    30) Marketology: initiative

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > программа

  • 57 система автоматизированного проектирования

    2) Construction: computer-aided design
    8) Microelectronics: design automation system
    9) Automation: CAD, CAD (access) system, CAD installation, automated design system, design-automation system
    11) Sakhalin A: computer assisted design and drawing
    12) Makarov: CAD system ( computer-aided design system), CAE system (computer-aided engineering system), computer-aided engineering system (CAE system), interactive graphics (IGS)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > система автоматизированного проектирования

  • 58 программно-управляемый

    1) General subject: computer controller
    2) Computers: program-driven
    4) Information technology: soft, software-programmable (с возможностью задания и изменения конфигурации программными средствами, например, об ASIC ( специализированная ИС на основе матриц логических элементов))
    5) Geophysics: software-controlled, software-driven

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > программно-управляемый

  • 59 многоплатформенное приложение

    1. cross-platform application

     

    многоплатформенное приложение
    -
    [Интент]

    EN

    cross-platform application
    Application which can run on multiple computer-platforms. Any computer program or piece of software, which is able to run on more than one platform can be termed as a cross-platform application. It is also known as multi-platform application. A platform includes the computer-architecture, operating system, software-framework and programming languages.
    [ http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_cross-platform_application]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > многоплатформенное приложение

  • 60 специализированный

    1. special purpose
    2. dedicated
    3. tailored
    4. aplication-specific
    5. application specific
    6. application-specific
    7. industry specific
    8. single purpose

    единственная цель; специализированныйsingle purpose

    9. single-purpose
    10. special-purpose
    11. specialized

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > специализированный

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