-
1 colour development
lith development — проявление < лит>
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > colour development
-
2 colour development
-
3 colour development
-
4 colour development
• цветно проявяванеEnglish-Bulgarian polytechnical dictionary > colour development
-
5 colour development
n (BrE)PHOTO revelado en color m -
6 colour
-
7 Ives, Frederic Eugene
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 17 February 1856 Litchfield, Connecticut, USAd. 27 May 1937 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American printer who pioneered the development of photomechanical and colour photographic processes.[br]Ives trained as a printer in Ithaca, New York, and became official photographer at Cornell University at the age of 18. His research into photomechanical processes led in 1886 to methods of making halftone reproduction of photographs using crossline screens. In 1881 he was the first to make a three-colour print from relief halftone blocks. He made significant contributions to the early development of colour photography, and from 1888 he published and marketed a number of systems for the production of additive colour photographs. He designed a beam-splitting camera in which a single lens exposed three negatives through red, green and blue filters. Black and white transparencies from these negatives were viewed in a device fitted with internal reflectors and filters, which combined the three colour separations into one full-colour image. This device was marketed in 1895 under the name Kromskop; sets of Kromograms were available commercially, and special cameras, or adaptors for conventional cameras, were available for photographers who wished to take their own colour pictures. A Lantern Kromskop was available for the projection of Kromskop pictures. Ives's system enjoyed a few years of commercial success before simpler methods of making colour photographs rendered it obsolete. Ives continued research into colour photography; his later achievements included the design, in 1915, of the Hicro process, in which a simple camera produced sets of separation negatives that could be printed as dyed transparencies in complementary colours and assembled in register on paper to produce colour prints. Later, in 1932, he introduced Polychrome, a simpler, two-colour process in which a bipack of two thin negative plates or films could be exposed in conventional cameras. Ives's interest extended into other fields, notably stereoscopy. He developed a successful parallax stereogram process in 1903, in which a three-dimensional image could be seen directly, without the use of viewing devices. In his lifetime he received many honours, and was a recipient of the Royal Photographic Society's Progress Medal in 1903 for his work in colour photography.[br]Further ReadingB.Coe, 1978, Colour Photography: The First Hundred Years, London J.S.Friedman, 1944, History of Colour Photography, Boston. G.Koshofer, 1981, Farbfotografie, Vol. I, Munich.E.J.Wall, 1925, The History of Three-Colour Photography, Boston.BC -
8 Goldmark, Peter Carl
[br]b. 2 December 1906 Budapest, Hungaryd. 7 December 1977 Westchester Co., New York, USA[br]Austro-Hungarian engineer who developed the first commercial colour television system and the long-playing record.[br]After education in Hungary and a period as an assistant at the Technische Hochschule, Berlin, Goldmark moved to England, where he joined Pye of Cambridge and worked on an experimental thirty-line television system using a cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display. In 1936 he moved to the USA to work at Columbia Broadcasting Laboratories. There, with monochrome television based on the CRT virtually a practical proposition, he devoted his efforts to finding a way of producing colour TV images: in 1940 he gave his first demonstration of a working system. There then followed a series of experimental field-sequential colour TV systems based on segmented red, green and blue colour wheels and drums, where the problem was to find an acceptable compromise between bandwidth, resolution, colour flicker and colour-image breakup. Eventually he arrived at a system using a colour wheel in combination with a CRT containing a panchromatic phosphor screen, with a scanned raster of 405 lines and a primary colour rate of 144 fields per second. Despite the fact that the receivers were bulky, gave relatively poor, dim pictures and used standards totally incompatible with the existing 525-line, sixty fields per second interlaced monochrome (black and white) system, in 1950 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), anxious to encourage postwar revival of the industry, authorized the system for public broadcasting. Within eighteen months, however, bowing to pressure from the remainder of the industry, which had formed its own National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) to develop a much more satisfactory, fully compatible system based on the RCA three-gun shadowmask CRT, the FCC withdrew its approval.While all this was going on, Goldmark had also been working on ideas for overcoming the poor reproduction, noise quality, short playing-time (about four minutes) and limited robustness and life of the long-established 78 rpm 12 in. (30 cm) diameter shellac gramophone record. The recent availability of a new, more robust, plastic material, vinyl, which had a lower surface noise, enabled him in 1948 to reduce the groove width some three times to 0.003 in. (0.0762 mm), use a more lightly loaded synthetic sapphire stylus and crystal transducer with improved performance, and reduce the turntable speed to 33 1/3 rpm, to give thirty minutes of high-quality music per side. This successful development soon led to the availability of stereophonic recordings, based on the ideas of Alan Blumlein at EMI in the 1930s.In 1950 Goldmark became a vice-president of CBS, but he still found time to develop a scan conversion system for relaying television pictures to Earth from the Lunar Orbiter spacecraft. He also almost brought to the market a domestic electronic video recorder (EVR) system based on the thermal distortion of plastic film by separate luminance and coded colour signals, but this was overtaken by the video cassette recorder (VCR) system, which uses magnetic tape.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Morris N.Liebmann Award 1945. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Vladimir K. Zworykin Award 1961.Bibliography1951, with J.W.Christensen and J.J.Reeves, "Colour television. USA Standard", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 39: 1,288 (describes the development and standards for the short-lived field-sequential colour TV standard).1949, with R.Snepvangers and W.S.Bachman, "The Columbia long-playing microgroove recording system", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 37:923 (outlines the invention of the long-playing record).Further ReadingE.W.Herold, 1976, "A history of colour television displays", Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 64:1,331.See also: Baird, John LogieKF -
9 Maxwell, James Clerk
[br]b. 13 June 1831 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 5 November 1879 Cambridge, England[br]Scottish physicist who formulated the unified theory of electromagnetism, the kinetic theory of gases and a theory of colour.[br]Maxwell attended school at the Edinburgh Academy and at the age of 16 went on to study at Edinburgh University. In 1850 he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated four years later as Second Wrangler with the award of the Smith's Prize. Two years later he was appointed Professor at Marischal College, Aberdeen, where he married the Principal's daughter. In 1860 he moved to King's College London, but on the death of his father five years later, Maxwell returned to the family home in Scotland, where he continued his researches as far as the life of a gentleman farmer allowed. This rural existence was interrupted in 1874 when he was persuaded to accept the chair of Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics at Cambridge. Unfortunately, in 1879 he contracted the cancer that brought his brilliant career to an untimely end. While at Cambridge, Maxwell founded the Cavendish Laboratory for research in physics. A succession of distinguished physicists headed the laboratory, making it one of the world's great centres for notable discoveries in physics.During the mid-1850s, Maxwell worked towards a theory to explain electrical and magnetic phenomena in mathematical terms, culminating in 1864 with the formulation of the fundamental equations of electromagnetism (Maxwell's equations). These equations also described the propagation of light, for he had shown that light consists of transverse electromagnetic waves in a hypothetical medium, the "ether". This great synthesis of theories uniting a wide range of phenomena is worthy to set beside those of Sir Isaac Newton and Einstein. Like all such syntheses, it led on to further discoveries. Maxwell himself had suggested that light represented only a small part of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves, and in 1888 Hertz confirmed the discovery of another small part of the spectrum, radio waves, with momentous implications for the development of telecommunication technology. Maxwell contributed to the kinetic theory of gases, which by then were viewed as consisting of a mass of randomly moving molecules colliding with each other and with the walls of the containing vessel. From 1869 Maxwell applied statistical methods to describe the molecular motion in mathematical terms. This led to a greater understanding of the behaviour of gases, with important consequences for the chemical industry.Of more direct technological application was Maxwell's work on colour vision, begun in 1849, showing that all colours could be derived from the three primary colours, red, yellow and blue. This enabled him in 1861 to produce the first colour photograph, of a tartan. Maxwell's discoveries about colour vision were quickly taken up and led to the development of colour printing and photography.[br]BibliographyMost of his technical papers are reprinted in The Scientific Papers of J.Clerk Maxwell, 1890, ed. W.D.Niven, Cambridge, 2 vols; reprinted 1952, New York.Maxwell published several books, including Theory of Heat, 1870, London (1894, 11th edn, with notes by Lord Rayleigh) and Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, 1873, Oxford (1891, ed. J.J.Thomson, 3rd edn).Further ReadingL.Campbell and W.Garnett, 1882, The Life of James Clerk Maxwell, London (the standard biography).J.J.Thomson (ed.), 1931, James Clerk Maxwell 1831–1931, Cambridge. J.G.Crowther, 1932, British Scientists of the Nineteenth Century, London.LRD -
10 Flechsig, W.
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]fl. c.1938 Germany[br]German engineer notable for early patents that foreshadowed the development of the shadowmask colour cathode ray tube.[br]In 1938, whilst working for a German electrical company, Flechsig filed a patent in which he described the use of an array of stretched parallel wires to control the landing of either one or three electron beams on separate red, green and blue phosphor stripes within a single cathode ray tube. Whilst the single-beam arrangement required subsidiary deflection to alternate the beam landing angle, the three-beam version effectively used the wires to "mask" the landing of the electron beams so that each one only illuminated the relevant colour phosphor stripes. Although not developed at the time, the concept anticipated the subsequent invention of the shadowmask tube by RCA in the early 1950s and, even more closely, the development of the Sony Trinitron some years later.[br]Bibliography1938, German patent no. 736, 575.1941, French patent no. 866, 065.Further ReadingE.W.Herold, 1976, "A history of colour television displays", Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 64:1,331.K.G.Freeman, "The history of colour CRTs. A personal view", International Conference on the History of Television, Institution of Electrical Engineers Publication no. 271, p.38.KF -
11 Bell, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]fl. 1770–1785 Scotland[br]Scottish inventor of a calico printing machine with the design engraved on rollers.[br]In November 1770, John Mackenzie, owner of a bleaching mill, took his millwright Thomas Bell to Glasgow to consult with James Watt about problems they were having with the calico printing machine invented by Bell some years previously. Bell rolled sheets of copper one eighth of an inch (3 mm) thick into cyliders, and filled them with cement which was held in place by cast iron ends. After being turned true and polished, the cylinders were engraved; they cost about £10 each. The printing machines were driven by a water-wheel, but Bell and Mackenzie appeared to have had problems with the doctor blades which scraped off excess colour, and this may have been why they visited Watt.They had, presumably, solved the technical problems when Bell took out a patent in 1783 which describes him as "the Elder", but there are no further details about the man himself. The machine is described as having six printing rollers arranged around the top of the circumference of a large central bowl. In later machines, the printing rollers were placed all round a smaller cylinder. All of the printing rollers, each printing a different colour, were driven by gearing to keep them in register. The patent includes steel doctor blades which would have scraped excess colour off the printing rollers. Another patent, taken out in 1784, shows a smaller three-colour machine. The printing rollers had an iron core covered with copper, which could be taken off at pleasure so that fresh patterns could be cut as desired. Bell's machine was used at Masney, near Preston, England, by Messrs Livesey, Hargreaves, Hall \& Co in 1786. Although copper cylinders were difficult to make and engrave, and the soldered seams often burst, these machines were able to increase the output of the cheaper types of printed cloth.[br]Bibliography1783, patent no. 1,378 (calico printing machine with engraved copper rollers). 1784, patent no. 1,443 (three-colour calico printing machine).Further ReadingW.E.A.Axon, 1886, Annals of Manchester, Manchester (provides an account of the invention).R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (provides a brief description of the development of calico printing).RLH -
12 Fischer, E.
[br]fl. 1930s Switzerland[br]Swiss engineer who invented the Eidophor large-screen television projector.[br]Fischer was a professor of engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in the late 1930s. Interested in the emerging technology for television, he was of the opinion that the growth of television would take place through the development and use of large-screen cinema-type displays serving large audiences. He therefore carried out research into suitable techniques. Realizing the brightness limitations of projection systems based on the optical magnification of the image produced by a conventional cathode ray tube, he used the deflected electron-beam, not to excite a phosphor screen, but to deposit a variable charge on the surface of a film or oil. By means of a Schlieren slit system, the consequent deformations of the surface were used to spatially modulate the light from an electric arc or a discharge tube, giving a large, high-brightness image. Although the idea, first put forward in 1939, was not taken up for cinema television, the subsequent requirement of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the 1960s for large colour displays in its Command and Control Centres led to the successful development of the idea by Gretag AG, a subsidiary of Ciba-Geigy: separate units were used for the red, green and blue images. In the 1990s, colour Eidophor projectors were used for large conference meetings and pop concerts.[br]Bibliography1946, "Views on the suitability of a cathode ray tube with a fluorescent screen for projection in cinemas", Bulletin of the Association of Swiss Electricians 39:468 (describes the concept of the Eidophor).Further ReadingE.H.Baumann, 1953, "The Fischer large screen projection system", Journal of Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers 60:344.A.Robertson, 1976, "Projection television. A review of current practice in large-screen projectors", Wireless World 47.KF -
13 Poniatoff, Alexander Mathew
[br]b. 25 March 1892 Kazan District, Russiad. 24 October 1980[br]Russian (naturalized American in 1932) electrical engineer responsible for the development of the professional tape recorder and the first commercially-successful video tape recorder (VTR).[br]Poniatoff was educated at the University of Kazan, the Imperial College in Moscow, and the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe, gaining degrees in mechanical and electrical engineering. He was in Germany when the First World War broke out, but he managed to escape back to Russia, where he served as an Air Force pilot with the Imperial Russian Navy. During the Russian Revolution he was a pilot with the White Russian Forces, and escaped into China in 1920; there he found work as an assistant engineer in the Shanghai Power Company. In 1927 he immigrated to the USA, becoming a US citizen in 1932. He obtained a post in the research and development department of the General Electric Company in Schenectady, New York, and later at Dalmo Victor, San Carlos, California. During the Second World War he was involved in the development of airborne radar for the US Navy.In 1944, taking his initials to form the title, Poniatoff founded the AMPEX Corporation to manufacture components for the airborne radar developed at General Electric, but in 1946 he turned to the production of audio tape recorders developed from the German wartime Telefunken Magnetophon machine (the first tape recorder in the truest sense). In this he was supported by the entertainer Bing Crosby, who needed high-quality replay facilities for broadcasting purposes, and in 1947 he was able to offer a professional-quality product and the business prospered.With the rapid post-war boom in television broadcasting in the USA, a need soon arose for a video recorder to provide "time-shifting" of live TV programmes between the different US time zones. Many companies therefore endeavoured to produce a video tape recorder (VTR) using the same single-track, fixed-head, longitudinal-scan system used for audio, but the very much higher bandwidth required involved an unacceptably high tape-speed. AMPEX attempted to solve the problem by using twelve parallel tracks and a machine was demonstrated in 1952, but it proved unsatisfactory.The development team, which included Charles Ginsburg and Ray Dolby, then devised a four-head transverse-scan system in which a quadruplex head rotating at 14,400 rpm was made to scan across the width of a 2 in. (5 cm) tape with a tape-to-head speed of the order of 160 ft/sec (about 110 mph; 49 m/sec or 176 km/h) but with a longitudinal tape speed of only 15 in./sec (0.38 m/sec). In this way, acceptable picture quality was obtained with an acceptable tape consumption. Following a public demonstration on 14 April 1956, commercial produc-tion of studio-quality machines began to revolutionize the production and distribution of TV programmes, and the perfecting of time-base correctors which could stabilize the signal timing to a few nanoseconds made colour VTRs a practical proposition. However, AMPEX did not rest on its laurels and in the face of emerging competition from helical scan machines, where the tracks are laid diagonally on the tape, the company was able to demonstrate its own helical machine in 1957. Another development was the Videofile system, in which 250,000 pages of facsimile could be recorded on a single tape, offering a new means of archiving information. By 1986, quadruplex VTRs were obsolete, but Poniatoff's role in making television recording possible deserves a place in history.Poniatoff was President of AMPEX Corporation until 1955 and then became Chairman of the Board, a position he held until 1970.[br]Further ReadingA.Abrahamson, 1953, "A short history of television recording", Part I, JSMPTE 64:73; 1973, Part II, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 82:188 (provides a fuller background).Audio Biographies, 1961, ed. G.A.Briggs, Wharfedale Wireless Works, pp. 255–61 (contains a few personal details about Poniatoff's escape from Germany to join the Russian Navy).E.Larsen, 1971, A History of Invention.Charles Ginsburg, 1981, "The horse or the cowboy. Getting television on tape", Journal of the Royal Television Society 18:11 (a brief account of the AMPEX VTR story).KF / GB-NBiographical history of technology > Poniatoff, Alexander Mathew
-
14 CDS
2) Медицина: chromatography data system, ЦДС (Цветовое дуплексное сканирование / color duplex scanning), Clinical Decision Support3) Спорт: California Dressage Society4) Военный термин: Combat Delivery System, Commander, Directing Staff, Compact Digital Switch, Congressional Data Sheet, Cryptographic Device Services, Cubic Defense Systems, cargo delivery system, central data station, central data subsystem, central distribution system, chemical discriminator system, combat direction system, command destruct signal, command destruct system, command disable system, communications and data subsystem, communications deception system, comprehensive display system, configuration development system, container delivery system, control and display subsystem, control and distribution system, countermeasures dispenser system, Chief of Defence Staff (Canadian)5) Техника: Cockpit Display System, cask decontamination station, cathode dark space, command and data subsystem, compatible duplex system, component disassembly station, compressed data storage, computer data switchboard, computer data system, conceptual design study, condensate demineralization subsystem, control data system, current disposal site6) Юридический термин: Canine Detection Services, Controlled Dangerous Substance7) Фармакология: Core Data Sheet8) Финансы: дефолтный своп (сокр. от "credit-default swap"; англ. термин взят из репортажа агентства Bloomberg), кредитный дефолтный своп (сокр. от "credit-default swap"; англ. термин взят из репортажа агентства Bloomberg), своп на дефолт по кредиту (сокр. от "credit-default swap"; англ. термин взят из репортажа агентства Bloomberg; русс. перевод взят из публикации Citibank, РФ)9) Биржевой термин: Canadian Depository for Securities Ltd11) Сокращение: Capabilities Demonstration Satellite, Central Disposal Site (Demining), Chemical Defence System, Chief of Defence Staff, Civil Direction of Shipping, Cockpit Dynamic Simulator, Combat Development System, Command & Decision System, Computerized Delivery Sequence (file), Container Delivery System (USAF), Continuing Design Services, Control & Display Subsystem, Control Display System, Colour Display System, CUSTOMER DATA SHEET12) Университет: Cross Disciplinary Subject13) Физиология: Cervico- Dorsal Syndrome, Cognitive Disabilities Severe14) Вычислительная техника: CDROM with sound, Cell Directory Services, color display system, conceptual data store, система цветного отображения, цветная дисплейная система, Current Directory Structure (BIOS. DOS), Cell Directory Service (DCE)15) Нефть: Continuous Directional Survey16) Транспорт: Computer Distribution System, Crashworthiness Data System17) Фирменный знак: Comprehensive Development Services18) Экология: climate data sheets19) Деловая лексика: Call, Discuss, Select, Central Depository System, Commercial Documentation Services, Cross Direction Support20) Бурение: система привода обсадной колонны (при бурении на обсадных трубах) (сокр. от casing drive system)21) Менеджмент: contract detail schedule22) Инвестиции: Credit Default Swap23) Сетевые технологии: Coordinated Data System24) Автоматика: contact detection signal, customer documentation system25) Химическое оружие: central decontamination supply, chemical distribution system26) Расширение файла: Current Directory Structure27) Уровнеметрия: Configuration Data Sheet28) Должность: Continuous Deflective Separation29) НАСА: Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer30) Хобби: Circular Date Stamp -
15 CTD
1) Компьютерная техника: Crash To Desktop2) Медицина: Circling the Drain (Healthcare acronym), общий технический документ/документация (common technical document), Connective Tissue Disease (заболевание соединительной ткани)3) Военный термин: Collective Training Directorate, Commander, Transportation Division, central training depot, classified telephone directory, college training detachment, completion tour of duty, Concept Technology Demonstrator (прототип технологической концепции, концептуальный технологический демонстратор)4) Химия: СТД5) Бухгалтерия: Cash Taken Deficiency6) Оптика: charge-transfer device7) Сокращение: Charge Transfer Device, Colour Tactical Display, Common Tactical Data, Computing and Telecommunications Division, Conductivity/temperature versus depth, Conduit de Tir Digitale (Digital fire control system (France)), coated, Committee on Trade and Development, Certification Technical Document8) Физика: Central Tracking Detector9) Физиология: Cumulative Trauma Disorder10) Вычислительная техника: carpal tunnel disease, cell transfer delay, Cell Transfer Delay (UNI, ATM, QOS)12) Рыбоводство: ГТЭ, глубина, температура и электропроводимость воды13) Космонавтика: Centre for Telecommunications Development14) Транспорт: Crash Test Dummy15) Воздухоплавание: Cross Track Distance16) Фирменный знак: Center For Talent Development, Corporate Travel Department17) Экология: conductivity, temperature, depth18) Деловая лексика: Cheapest To Deliver, Claims Training Department, Contracted Thingy Depot19) Бурение: (сокр. от) coiled tubing drilling = бурение на гибкой трубе, бурение на гибких НКТ, бурение на койлтьюбинге20) Сетевые технологии: Common Terminal Driver21) Программирование: Change Tape Density22) Контроль качества: ОТД, общий технический документ ( регистрационное досье)23) Океанография: Conductivity Temperature And Depth, Conductivity- Temperature- Depth probe/profiler24) Международные перевозки: combined transport document -
16 CdS
2) Медицина: chromatography data system, ЦДС (Цветовое дуплексное сканирование / color duplex scanning), Clinical Decision Support3) Спорт: California Dressage Society4) Военный термин: Combat Delivery System, Commander, Directing Staff, Compact Digital Switch, Congressional Data Sheet, Cryptographic Device Services, Cubic Defense Systems, cargo delivery system, central data station, central data subsystem, central distribution system, chemical discriminator system, combat direction system, command destruct signal, command destruct system, command disable system, communications and data subsystem, communications deception system, comprehensive display system, configuration development system, container delivery system, control and display subsystem, control and distribution system, countermeasures dispenser system, Chief of Defence Staff (Canadian)5) Техника: Cockpit Display System, cask decontamination station, cathode dark space, command and data subsystem, compatible duplex system, component disassembly station, compressed data storage, computer data switchboard, computer data system, conceptual design study, condensate demineralization subsystem, control data system, current disposal site6) Юридический термин: Canine Detection Services, Controlled Dangerous Substance7) Фармакология: Core Data Sheet8) Финансы: дефолтный своп (сокр. от "credit-default swap"; англ. термин взят из репортажа агентства Bloomberg), кредитный дефолтный своп (сокр. от "credit-default swap"; англ. термин взят из репортажа агентства Bloomberg), своп на дефолт по кредиту (сокр. от "credit-default swap"; англ. термин взят из репортажа агентства Bloomberg; русс. перевод взят из публикации Citibank, РФ)9) Биржевой термин: Canadian Depository for Securities Ltd11) Сокращение: Capabilities Demonstration Satellite, Central Disposal Site (Demining), Chemical Defence System, Chief of Defence Staff, Civil Direction of Shipping, Cockpit Dynamic Simulator, Combat Development System, Command & Decision System, Computerized Delivery Sequence (file), Container Delivery System (USAF), Continuing Design Services, Control & Display Subsystem, Control Display System, Colour Display System, CUSTOMER DATA SHEET12) Университет: Cross Disciplinary Subject13) Физиология: Cervico- Dorsal Syndrome, Cognitive Disabilities Severe14) Вычислительная техника: CDROM with sound, Cell Directory Services, color display system, conceptual data store, система цветного отображения, цветная дисплейная система, Current Directory Structure (BIOS. DOS), Cell Directory Service (DCE)15) Нефть: Continuous Directional Survey16) Транспорт: Computer Distribution System, Crashworthiness Data System17) Фирменный знак: Comprehensive Development Services18) Экология: climate data sheets19) Деловая лексика: Call, Discuss, Select, Central Depository System, Commercial Documentation Services, Cross Direction Support20) Бурение: система привода обсадной колонны (при бурении на обсадных трубах) (сокр. от casing drive system)21) Менеджмент: contract detail schedule22) Инвестиции: Credit Default Swap23) Сетевые технологии: Coordinated Data System24) Автоматика: contact detection signal, customer documentation system25) Химическое оружие: central decontamination supply, chemical distribution system26) Расширение файла: Current Directory Structure27) Уровнеметрия: Configuration Data Sheet28) Должность: Continuous Deflective Separation29) НАСА: Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer30) Хобби: Circular Date Stamp -
17 ctd
1) Компьютерная техника: Crash To Desktop2) Медицина: Circling the Drain (Healthcare acronym), общий технический документ/документация (common technical document), Connective Tissue Disease (заболевание соединительной ткани)3) Военный термин: Collective Training Directorate, Commander, Transportation Division, central training depot, classified telephone directory, college training detachment, completion tour of duty, Concept Technology Demonstrator (прототип технологической концепции, концептуальный технологический демонстратор)4) Химия: СТД5) Бухгалтерия: Cash Taken Deficiency6) Оптика: charge-transfer device7) Сокращение: Charge Transfer Device, Colour Tactical Display, Common Tactical Data, Computing and Telecommunications Division, Conductivity/temperature versus depth, Conduit de Tir Digitale (Digital fire control system (France)), coated, Committee on Trade and Development, Certification Technical Document8) Физика: Central Tracking Detector9) Физиология: Cumulative Trauma Disorder10) Вычислительная техника: carpal tunnel disease, cell transfer delay, Cell Transfer Delay (UNI, ATM, QOS)12) Рыбоводство: ГТЭ, глубина, температура и электропроводимость воды13) Космонавтика: Centre for Telecommunications Development14) Транспорт: Crash Test Dummy15) Воздухоплавание: Cross Track Distance16) Фирменный знак: Center For Talent Development, Corporate Travel Department17) Экология: conductivity, temperature, depth18) Деловая лексика: Cheapest To Deliver, Claims Training Department, Contracted Thingy Depot19) Бурение: (сокр. от) coiled tubing drilling = бурение на гибкой трубе, бурение на гибких НКТ, бурение на койлтьюбинге20) Сетевые технологии: Common Terminal Driver21) Программирование: Change Tape Density22) Контроль качества: ОТД, общий технический документ ( регистрационное досье)23) Океанография: Conductivity Temperature And Depth, Conductivity- Temperature- Depth probe/profiler24) Международные перевозки: combined transport document -
18 Sarnoff, David
[br]b. 27 February 1891 Uzlian, Minsk (now in Belarus)d. 12 December 1971 New York City, New York, USA[br]Russian/American engineer who made a major contribution to the commercial development of radio and television.[br]As a Jewish boy in Russia, Sarnoff spent several years preparing to be a Talmudic Scholar, but in 1900 the family emigrated to the USA and settled in Albany, New York. While at public school and at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, he helped the family finances by running errands, selling newspapers and singing the liturgy in the synagogue. After a short period as a messenger boy with the Commercial Cable Company, in 1906 he became an office boy with the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America (see G. Marconi). Having bought a telegraph instrument with his first earnings, he taught himself Morse code and was made a junior telegraph operator in 1907. The following year he became a wireless operator at Nantucket Island, then in 1909 he became Manager of the Marconi station at Sea Gate, New York. After two years at sea he returned to a shore job as wireless operator at the world's most powerful station at Wanamaker's store in Manhattan. There, on 14 April 1912, he picked up the distress signals from the sinking iner Titanic, remaining at his post for three days.Rewarded by rapid promotion (Chief Radio Inspector 1913, Contract Manager 1914, Assistant Traffic Manager 1915, Commercial Manager 1917) he proposed the introduction of commercial radio broadcasting, but this received little response. Consequently, in 1919 he took the job of Commercial Manager of the newly formed Radio Corporation of America (RCA), becoming General Manager in 1921, Vice- President in 1922, Executive Vice-President in 1929 and President in 1930. In 1921 he was responsible for the broadcasting of the Dempsey-Carpentier title-fight, as a result of which RCA sold $80 million worth of radio receivers in the following three years. In 1926 he formed the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). Rightly anticipating the development of television, in 1928 he inaugurated an experimental NBC television station and in 1939 demonstrated television at the New York World Fair. Because of his involvement with the provision of radio equipment for the armed services, he was made a lieutenant-colonel in the US Signal Corps Reserves in 1924, a full colonel in 1931 and, while serving as a communications consultant to General Eisenhower during the Second World War, Brigadier General in 1944.With the end of the war, RCA became a major manufacturer of television receivers and then invested greatly in the ultimately successful development of shadowmask tubes and receivers for colour television. Chairman and Chief Executive from 1934, Sarnoff held the former post until his retirement in 1970.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFrench Croix de Chevalier d'honneur 1935, Croix d'Officier 1940, Croix de Commandant 1947. Luxembourg Order of the Oaken Crown 1960. Japanese Order of the Rising Sun 1960. US Legion of Merit 1946. UN Citation 1949. French Union of Inventors Gold Medal 1954.KFSee also: Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma -
19 process
1. способ; технология; процесс2. обрабатывать3. воспроизводить фотомеханическим способом4. проявлятьall-tone process — способ изготовления газетных форм с одновременным травлением текста и иллюстраций
asphalt copying process — «асфальтовый» способ копирования
5. процесс скрепления6. фотонабор7. машинописный набор8. набор с помощью переводного или разрезного шрифта9. многокрасочная печать10. печатание многокрасочной продукции11. цветная фотография12. контактная печать13. контактное копированиеcopying process — копировальный процесс, процесс копирования документов
14. глубокое травление15. способ изготовления офсетных форм с углублением элементовdiffusion transfer process — способ диффузионного переноса изображения, диффузионный способ копирования
direct halftone process — процесс получения цветоделённых негативов непосредственно с оригиналов через светофильтры и растр
direct transfer gravure process — глубокая печать с формного цилиндра, изготовленного способом прямого копирования изображения с фотоформы на фотополимерное покрытие
dry process — сухое проявление, проявление без использования растворов
dry silver process — «сухое серебро»
Dultgen process — способ «Далтжен»
Carbro process — способ < Карбро>
16. процесс копирования документов17. процесс изготовления клишеElectrofax process — способ «Электрофакс»
electrophoretic migration imaging process — миграционный электрофоретический способ получения изображения
electrophotographic liquid toner process — электрофотографический процесс с использованием жидкого тонера
electrothermographic duplicating process — электротермографический копировально-множительный процесс
Elko process — процесс «Элко»
fake color process — процесс изготовления цветных изображений с одноцветного оригинала при помощи специальной обработки форм
18. отделочные процессы19. брошюровочно-переплётные процессыfour-color process — процесс изготовления цветоделённых печатных форм для четырёхкрасочной печати
frost deformation process — фототермопластический процесс с «морозной» записью
gelatin process — печать с желатиновых форм, фототипия
glue process — проклейка, промазка клеем
gum process — нанесение клеевого слоя, гуммирование
halftone process — растрирование, фоторепродуцирование с растрированием
intaglio process — процесс глубокой печати, глубокая печать
intaglio halftone process — процесс глубокой растровой печати, глубокая автотипия
invert dot process — травление по способу «изменяемой точки»
Jacobs-Frerichs process — метод Джекобса—Фрерихса
large plate process — способ получения технического углерода при помощи неподвижных дисков с вращающимися горелками и скребками
letterpress process — процесс высокой печати, высокая печать
Mead Photocapsule process — способ ускоренной цветопробы с использованием в качестве подложки микрокапсулированной бумаги
MICR process — «МИКР-процесс»
microfilming process — процесс микрофильмирования; процесс съёмки микрофильма
multiple copy electrophotographic reproduction process — копировально-множительный электрофотографический процесс
offset process — процесс офсетной печати, офсетная печать
perforating process — процесс перфорирования, перфорация
photocolographic process — процесс фототипной печати, фототипная печать
photogelatin process — печать с желатиновых форм, фототипия
photogravure process — глубокая печать, процесс глубокой печати
photooffset process — изготовление форм для офсетной печати фотомеханическим способом; офсетная печать с форм, подготовленных фотомеханическим способом
post-printing process — послепечатная обработка ; pl брошюровочно-переплётные и отделочные процессы
printing process — печатный процесс; процесс печатания
reflex copy process — процесс рефлексного копирования; рефлексное печатание
reusable electrostatic recording process — процесс с повторно используемой электрографической записью
line process — отработанный процесс; отработанная технология
20. субтрактивный способ образования цвета21. субтрактивный способ изготовления печатных платcalibration process — методика поверки; способ градуировки
22. субтрактивный способ изготовления формsurface process — процесс плоской печати, плоская печать
-
20 Boll
The seed pod of cotton and has from three to five cells, each of which contains from six to twelve seeds, the seeds being covered with cotton fibres. Like the fruit of other plants, the pod alters its colour at different periods of growth, changing from green to brown, the covering often becoming of a dark-brown colour and very hard before opening. The development of the component parts inside the pod sets up a great pressure, which doubtless tends to flatten the fibres. Actual ripening of the fibre takes place to a great extent after the pod has burst, because then, the fibres are liberated which allows them to expand and be acted upon by the air and sun.
См. также в других словарях:
Colour cast — A colour cast is a tint of a particular colour, usually unwanted, which affects the whole of a photographic image evenly. Certain types of light can cause film and digital cameras to have a colour cast. In general, the human eye does not notice… … Wikipedia
Development geography — High human development … Wikipedia
Development of the Test captaincy of West Indies — See also: West Indian national cricket captains This is a chronological list of defining events in the Development of the Test captaincy of the West Indies cricket team. Contents 1 1920s 2 1930s … Wikipedia
Development of the inner German border — The development of the inner German border took place in a number of stages between 1945 and the mid 1980s. After its establishment in 1945 as the dividing line between the Western and Soviet occupation zones of Germany, in 1949 the inner German… … Wikipedia
Thematic development of Italian Renaissance painting — This article about the development of themes in Italian Renaissance painting is an extension to the article Italian Renaissance painting, for which it provides additional pictures with commentary. The works encompassed are from Giotto in the… … Wikipedia
British Colour Council — The British Colour Council (BCC) was an industry standards organisation, active from the 1930s to the 1950s, which produced indexes of named colours for use by government, industry, academia, and horticulture.1930sFounded in 1931 and chaired by… … Wikipedia
Political colour — Certain political parties or positions have become associated with different colours at different times.Colours*Black is primarily associated with anarchism (see anarchist symbolism). **In the countries with a history of anti clericalism in… … Wikipedia
Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics — The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular type of dog) has been widely studied, and found to depend on many genes. A wide range of colourings have developed over time.This article examines the current knowledge… … Wikipedia
Cockatiel colour genetics — Cockatiel specimen combining the Opaline (cka Pearled) and ADMpied (cka Recessivepied cka Harlequin) mutations The science of Cockatiel colour genetics deals with the heredity of colour variation in the feathers of the bird species commonly known … Wikipedia
International development — For other forms of development, see development (disambiguation). These key indicators of human well being have all improved since 1970. International development or global development[1] is a concept that lacks a universally accepted definition … Wikipedia
Southern African Development Community — Infobox Geopolitical organization name = Southern African Development Community (SADC) linking name = the Southern African Development Community symbol type = Logo image symbol = Sadc logo.gif map width = 300px map caption = SADC only (yellow)… … Wikipedia