-
101 помощник секретаря суда
Русско-английский юридический словарь > помощник секретаря суда
-
102 documentador
m.court clerk. -
103 secretario actuario
m.court clerk. -
104 cancelliere
sm [kantʃel'ljɛre]1) (di tribunale) clerk of the court2) Pol chancellor -
105 ufficiale giudiziario
-
106 член парламента
1. ember of arliament2. parliamentary3. MPнекоторые члены парламента высказались за сокращение военного бюджета — certain MPs spoke for cuts in the war budget
4. member of parliament -
107 griffie
1 ±registry ⇒ (government) secretariat, registry 〈 rechtbank〉, clerk of the court's office 〈 rechtbank〉♦voorbeelden: -
108 Berliner, Emile
SUBJECT AREA: Recording[br]b. 20 May 1851 Hannover, Germanyd. 3 August 1929 Montreal, Canada[br]German (naturalized American) inventor, developer of the disc record and lateral mechanical replay.[br]After arriving in the USA in 1870 and becoming an American citizen, Berliner worked as a dry-goods clerk in Washington, DC, and for a period studied electricity at Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York. He invented an improved microphone and set up his own experimental laboratory in Washington, DC. He developed a microphone for telephone use and sold the rights to the Bell Telephone Company. Subsequently he was put in charge of their laboratory, remaining in that position for eight years. In 1881 Berliner, with his brothers Joseph and Jacob, founded the J.Berliner Telephonfabrik in Hanover, the first factory in Europe specializing in telephone equipment.Inspired by the development work performed by T.A. Edison and in the Volta Laboratory (see C.S. Tainter), he analysed the existing processes for recording and reproducing sound and in 1887 developed a process for transferring lateral undulations scratched in soot into an etched groove that would make a needle and diaphragm vibrate. Using what may be regarded as a combination of the Phonautograph of Léon Scott de Martinville and the photo-engraving suggested by Charles Cros, in May 1887 he thus demonstrated the practicability of the laterally recorded groove. He termed the apparatus "Gramophone". In November 1887 he applied the principle to a glass disc and obtained an inwardly spiralling, modulated groove in copper and zinc. In March 1888 he took the radical step of scratching the lateral vibrations directly onto a rotating zinc disc, the surface of which was protected, and the subsequent etching created the groove. Using well-known principles of printing-plate manufacture, he developed processes for duplication by making a negative mould from which positive copies could be pressed in a thermoplastic compound. Toy gramophones were manufactured in Germany from 1889 and from 1892–3 Berliner manufactured both records and gramophones in the USA. The gramophones were hand-cranked at first, but from 1896 were based on a new design by E.R. Johnson. In 1897–8 Berliner spread his activities to England and Germany, setting up a European pressing plant in the telephone factory in Hanover, and in 1899 a Canadian company was formed. Various court cases over patents removed Berliner from direct running of the reconstructed companies, but he retained a major economic interest in E.R. Johnson's Victor Talking Machine Company. In later years Berliner became interested in aeronautics, in particular the autogiro principle. Applied acoustics was a continued interest, and a tile for controlling the acoustics of large halls was successfully developed in the 1920s.[br]Bibliography16 May 1888, Journal of the Franklin Institute 125 (6) (Lecture of 16 May 1888) (Berliner's early appreciation of his own work).1914, Three Addresses, privately printed (a history of sound recording). US patent no. 372,786 (basic photo-engraving principle).US patent no. 382,790 (scratching and etching).US patent no. 534,543 (hand-cranked gramophone).Further ReadingR.Gelatt, 1977, The Fabulous Phonograph, London: Cassell (a well-researched history of reproducible sound which places Berliner's contribution in its correct perspective). J.R.Smart, 1985, "Emile Berliner and nineteenth-century disc recordings", in WonderfulInventions, ed. Iris Newson, Washington, DC: Library of Congress, pp. 346–59 (provides a reliable account).O.Read and W.L.Welch, 1959, From Tin Foil to Stereo, Indianapolis: Howard W.Sams, pp. 119–35 (provides a vivid account, albeit with less precision).GB-N -
109 Ercker, Lazarus
[br]b. c.1530 Annaberg, Saxony, Germanyd. 1594 Prague, Bohemia[br]German chemist and metallurgist.[br]Educated at Wittenberg University during 1547–8, Ercker obtained in 1554, through one of his wife's relatives, the post of Assayer from the Elector Augustus at Dresden. From then on he took a succession of posts in mining and metallurgy. In 1555 he was Chief Consultant and Supervisor of all matters relating to mines, but for some unknown reason was demoted to Warden of the Mint at Annaberg. In 1558 he travelled to the Tyrol to study the mines in that region, and in the same year Prince Henry of Brunswick appointed him Warden, then Master, of the Mint at Goslar. Ercker later moved to Prague where, through another of his wife's relatives, he was appointed Control Tester at Kutna Hora. It was there that he wrote his best-known book, Die Beschreibung allfürnemisten mineralischen Ertz, which drew him to the attention of the Emperor Maximilian, who made him Courier for Mining and a clerk of the Supreme Court of Bohemia. The next Emperor, Rudolf II, a noted patron of science and alchemy, promoted Ercker to Chief Inspector of Mines and ennobled him in 1586 with the title Von Schreckenfels'. His second wife managed the mint at Kutna Hora and his two sons became assayers. These appointments gained him much experience of the extraction and refining of metals. This first bore fruit in a book on assaying, Probierbüchlein, printed in 1556, followed by one on minting, Münzbuch, in 1563. His main work, Die Beschreibung, was a systematic review of the methods of obtaining, refining and testing the alloys and minerals of gold, silver, copper, antimony, mercury and lead. The preparation of acids, salts and other compounds is also covered, and his apparatus is fully described and illustrated. Although Ercker used Agricola's De re metattica as a model, his own work was securely based on his practical experience. Die Beschreibung was the first manual of analytical and metallurgical chemistry and influenced later writers such as Glauber on assaying. After the first edition in Prague came four further editions in Frankfurt-am-Main.[br]BibliographyDie Beschreibung allfürnemisten mineralischen Ertz, Prague. 1556, Probierbuchlein.1563, Munzbuch.Further ReadingP.R.Beierlein, 1955, Lazarus Ercker, Bergmann, Hüttenmann und Münzmeister im 16. Jahrhundert, Berlin (the best biography, although the chemical details are incomplete).J.R.Partington, 1961, History of Chemistry, London, Vol. II, pp. 104–7.E.V.Armstrong and H.Lukens, 1939, "Lazarus Ercker and his Probierbuch", J.Chem. Ed.16: 553–62.LRD -
110 Morse, Samuel Finley Breeze
SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications[br]b. 27 April 1791 Charlestown, Massachusetts, USAd. 2 April 1872 New York City, New York, USA[br]American portrait painter and inventor, b est known for his invention of the telegraph and so-called Morse code.[br]Following early education at Phillips Academy, Andover, at the age of 14 years Morse went to Yale College, where he developed interests in painting and electricity. Upon graduating in 1810 he became a clerk to a Washington publisher and a pupil of Washington Allston, a well-known American painter. The following year he travelled to Europe and entered the London studio of another American artist, Benjamin West, successfully exhibiting at the Royal Academy as well as winning a prize and medal for his sculpture. Returning to Boston and finding little success as a "historical-style" painter, he built up a thriving portrait business, moving in 1818 to Charleston, South Carolina, where three years later he established the (now defunct) South Carolina Academy of Fine Arts. In 1825 he was back in New York, but following the death of his wife and both of his parents that year, he embarked on an extended tour of European art galleries. In 1832, on the boat back to America, he met Charles T.Jackson, who told him of the discovery of the electromagnet and fired his interest in telegraphy to the extent that Morse immediately began to make suggestions for electrical communications and, apparently, devised a form of printing telegraph. Although he returned to his painting and in 1835 was appointed the first Professor of the Literature of Art and Design at the University of New York City, he began to spend more and more time experimenting in telegraphy. In 1836 he invented a relay as a means of extending the cable distance over which telegraph signals could be sent. At this time he became acquainted with Alfred Vail, and the following year, when the US government published the requirements for a national telegraph service, they set out to produce a workable system, with finance provided by Vail's father (who, usefully, owned an ironworks). A patent was filed on 6 October 1837 and a successful demonstration using the so-called Morse code was given on 6 January 1838; the work was, in fact, almost certainly largely that of Vail. As a result of the demonstration a Bill was put forward to Congress for $30,000 for an experimental line between Washington and Baltimore. This was eventually passed and the line was completed, and on 24 May 1844 the first message, "What hath God wrought", was sent between the two cities. In the meantime Morse also worked on the insulation of submarine cables by means of pitch tar and indiarubber.With success achieved, Morse offered his invention to the Government for $100,000, but this was declined, so the invention remained in private hands. To exploit it, Morse founded the Magnetic Telephone Company in 1845, amalgamating the following year with the telegraph company of a Henry O'Reilly to form Western Union. Having failed to obtain patents in Europe, he now found himself in litigation with others in the USA, but eventually, in 1854, the US Supreme Court decided in his favour and he soon became very wealthy. In 1857 a proposal was made for a telegraph service across the whole of the USA; this was completed in just over four months in 1861. Four years later work began on a link to Europe via Canada, Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and Russia, but it was abandoned with the completion of the transatlantic cable, a venture in which he also had some involvement. Showered with honours, Morse became a generous philanthropist in his later years. By 1883 the company he had created was worth $80 million and had a virtual monopoly in the USA.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLLD, Yale 1846. Fellow of the Academy of Arts and Sciences 1849. Celebratory Banquet, New York, 1869. Statue in New York Central Park 1871. Austrian Gold Medal of Scientific Merit. Danish Knight of the Danneborg. French Légion d'honneur. Italian Knight of St Lazaro and Mauritio. Portuguese Knight of the Tower and Sword. Turkish Order of Glory.BibliographyE.L.Morse (ed.), 1975, Letters and Journals, New York: Da Capo Press (facsimile of a 1914 edition).Further ReadingJ.Munro, 1891, Heroes of the Telegraph (discusses his telegraphic work and its context).C.Mabee, 1943, The American Leonardo: A Life of Samuel Morse; reprinted 1969 (a detailed biography).KFBiographical history of technology > Morse, Samuel Finley Breeze
-
111 geripir
k.r(Coll.) court clerk. -
112 احتيال
-
113 أمين
أَمين \ fair: just; honest; obeying the rules: The court gave him a fair trial. sincere: (of a person; his character, feelings or actions) honest; not pretending: a sincere desire for peace. staunch: loyal: a staunch friend. straightforward: honest and direct; not deceitful or twisted. \ See Also عادل (عادِل)، مخلص (مُخْلِص) \ أَمين \ safe, secure. \ See Also مأمون( مأمون) \ أَمين (في عَمَلِهِ) \ conscientious: guided by conscience; careful to do one’s duty in this smallest matters: She’s conscientious about paying her bills at once. \ أَمين المكتبة \ librarian: sb. in charge of a library. \ أَمين سِرّ \ secretary: (in offices) sb. who acts as clerk and makes appointments, for a particular person; (in a social group or committee) sb. who keeps records and writes letters: The Chief Accountant’s private secretary; the secretary of the football club. \ أَمين الصُّنْدُوق \ treasurer: sb. who is in charge of public money and accounts (in a club, in local government, etc.). \ أَمين صُنْدُوق \ cashier: one who receives and pays out money in a bank, shop, etc.. \ أَمين المدينة \ mayor: the head of the elected government of a city or large town (in London and some other big cities she or he is called the Lord Mayor. \ See Also رئيس البلديّة \ أَنْ (بَعْدَ صِفَة) \ to: (after an adj.): I’m glad to see you. This is very difficult to do. I’ts good to be. \ أَنْ (بَعْدَ بعض الأفعال) \ to: (after verbs like want, try, hope, allow, order): He asked to stay. I ought to go. I want ot buy a bicycle. He asked me to stay. I want you to do it now. I want something to eat. He has a lot to do. -
114 غش
غِشّ \ deceit: deceiving. dishonesty: lack of honesty. fraud: deceit; dishonesty; a deceitful trick: Her illness was a fraud, to avoid the work. The bank clerk was taken to court for fraud. \ غِشّ واحتِيَال \ swindle: a swindling trick. -
115 deceit
غِشّ \ deceit: deceiving. dishonesty: lack of honesty. fraud: deceit; dishonesty; a deceitful trick: Her illness was a fraud, to avoid the work. The bank clerk was taken to court for fraud. -
116 dishonesty
غِشّ \ deceit: deceiving. dishonesty: lack of honesty. fraud: deceit; dishonesty; a deceitful trick: Her illness was a fraud, to avoid the work. The bank clerk was taken to court for fraud. -
117 fraud
غِشّ \ deceit: deceiving. dishonesty: lack of honesty. fraud: deceit; dishonesty; a deceitful trick: Her illness was a fraud, to avoid the work. The bank clerk was taken to court for fraud. -
118 fraud
-
119 roguery
-
120 wangle
См. также в других словарях:
clerk of court — Administrator or chief clerical officer of the court. Short Dictionary of (mostly American) Legal Terms and Abbreviations … Law dictionary
clerk of court — Primarily a ministerial officer, the assistant or official scribe of the court, whose principal duty is to make a correct memorial of the proceedings of the court, and who has custody of the court s records and seal, with authority to certify to… … Ballentine's law dictionary
clerk — 1 n 1: an official responsible (as to a court) for correspondence, records, and accounts and having specified powers or authority (as to issue writs) a city clerk clerk of court 2 a: a person employed to keep records or accounts or to perform… … Law dictionary
Court of Finances — Court of Accounts in Paris. Under the French monarchy, the Courts of Accounts (in French Chambres des comptes) were sovereign courts specialising in financial affairs. The Court of Accounts in Paris was the oldest and the forerunner of today s… … Wikipedia
Clerk — 〈[ kla:k] od. [klœ:rk] m. 6〉 1. Gerichtsschreiber 2. Buchhalter, Handlungsgehilfe, kaufm. Angestellter 3. (niederer) Geistlicher der anglikan. Kirche [engl., „Sekretär, Buchhalter, Kontorist“] * * * Clerk [klark, engl.: klɑ:k ], der; s, s [engl.… … Universal-Lexikon
court — / kōrt/ n [Old French, enclosed space, royal entourage, court of justice, from Latin cohort cohors farmyard, armed force, retinue] 1 a: an official assembly for the administration of justice: a unit of the judicial branch of government the… … Law dictionary
deputy clerk of court — In some jurisdictions, a mere agent of the principal clerk performing as of right only ministerial acts, but in other jurisdictions, an independent public officer vested with authority to discharge any of the official duties of his principal save … Ballentine's law dictionary
Court clerk — A court clerk (British English clerk to the court; American English clerk of the court or clerk of court) is an officer of the court whose responsibilities include maintaining the records of a court. Another duty is to administer oaths to… … Wikipedia
Court of Session — redirects here. For other uses, see Court of Session (disambiguation). Court of Session Logo of the Court of Session Established 1532 … Wikipedia
Court uniform and dress — Court dressOn formal royal occasions in monarchies the dress worn by those present has in the past been prescribed by official regulations. Court dress (as distinguished from court uniform mentioned in the section below) is worn by all men not… … Wikipedia
Court houses in New South Wales — were designed by the Colonial Architect, later known as the Government Architect. Contents 1 Current role 2 History of New South Wales Local Courts 3 Court house buildings of New South Wales … Wikipedia
