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81 Charles Quint
Charles QuintKarel V.Karel V. - španělský král -
82 charles's law
charles yasası -
83 Charles, Jacques Alexandre César
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 12 November 1746 Beaugency, Franced. 7 April 1823 Paris, France[br]French physicist who developed the first hydrogen balloon, in 1783.[br]In 1783, following the early experiments with small hot-air balloons by the Montgolfier brothers, there was a growing interest in the prospect of a balloon flight with people on board. The Paris Académie des Sciences encouraged one of their physicists, Charles, to carry out experiments and produce a balloon. Charles enlisted the assistance of two brothers, Anne-Jean and Marie-Noël Robert, who were practical craftsmen with experience of coating silk fabric with rubber to make it impermeable to gases. Charles decided to use the recently discovered lighter-than-air gas, hydrogen, for his experiments rather than hot air. After making several unmanned balloons, he had a manned balloon ready for testing on 1 December 1783. Despite the fact that a Montgolfier balloon had already flown with two passengers, there was enormous public interest in the flight: one estimate suggested that 400,000 people turned out to watch. Charles and Marie-Noël Robert ascended from the gardens of the Tuileries and landed after two hours, having covered 45 km (28 miles). Technically the "Charlière" was far superior to the "Montgolfière" and was therefore used by most subsequent balloonists until the introduction of the modern hot-air balloon by the American Paul E. Yost in the 1960s. Following Meusnier's proposals for a dirigible (steerable) balloon, put forward during 1783–5, Charles and the Robert brothers built an elongated balloon incorporating Meusnier's ballonnet principle. It had a rudder but the method of propulsion, by opening and closing parasols used as paddles, was totally ineffective.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember of the Académie des Sciences 1795.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London. C.Dollfus, 1961, Balloons, trans. C.Mason, London. J.B.F.Fourier, 1825, Notice.JDSBiographical history of technology > Charles, Jacques Alexandre César
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84 Charles River
Река на востоке штата Массачусетс. Берет начало в округе Саффолк [Suffolk County], течет в восточном направлении через города Ньютон [ Newton], Уотертаун [Watertown], Кеймбридж [ Cambridge] и Бостон [ Boston] (является границей между последними двумя городами), через шлюзы [Charles River Dam] впадает в залив Бостон-Харбор [Boston Harbor]. Длина около 97 км, частично судоходна. Место проведения речной регаты [Charles River Regatta; Head of the Charles Regatta] (с 1965) в последнюю пятницу октября. Рыболовство, водные виды спорта. На берегу реки проводятся концерты под открытым небом, в том числе концерты знаменитого оркестра "Бостон попс" [ Boston Pops] на Эспланаде [Esplanade, The]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Charles River
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85 Charles Schwab
m.1 Charles Schwab, Charles Schwab Corp..2 Charles Schwab. -
86 Charles Brenton Huggins
n. Charles Brenton Huggins, Charles Huggins (1901-1997), Canadees-geboren Amerikaanse fysioloog en chirurg en onderzoeker van kanker die in 1966 de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde won (samen met Peyton Rous) voor zijn ontdekking dat hormonen gebruikt kunnen worden bij in de hand houden van verspreiding en behandeling van sommige soorten kanker (zoals de prostaatkanker) -
87 Charles Huggins
n. Charles Brenton Huggins, Charles Huggins (1901-1997), Canadees-geboren Amerikaanse fysioloog en chirurg en onderzoeker van kanker die in 1966 de Nobelprijs voor Fysiologie of Geneeskunde won (samen met Peyton Rous) voor zijn ontdekking dat hormonen gebruikt kunnen worden bij in de hand houden van verspreiding en behandeling van sommige soorten kanker (zoals de prostaatkanker) -
88 Charles Baudelaire
m.Charles Baudelaire, Charles Pierre Baudelaire. -
89 Charles Chaplin
m.Charles Chaplin, Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin. -
90 Charles Darwin
m.Charles Darwin, Charles Robert Darwin, Darwin. -
91 Charles Dickens
m.Charles Dickens, Charles John Huffam Dickens. -
92 Charles Dodgson
m.Charles Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. -
93 Charles Gounod
m.Charles Gounod, Charles Francois Gounod. -
94 Charles Kettering
m.Charles Kettering, Charles Franklin Kettering. -
95 Charles L'Enfant
m.Charles L'Enfant, Pierre Charles L'Enfant. -
96 Charles Lindbergh
m.Charles Lindbergh, Charles Augustus Lindbergh. -
97 Charles Menninger
m.Charles Menninger, Charles Frederick Menninger. -
98 Charles Peirce
m.Charles Peirce, Charles Franklin Peirce. -
99 Charles Schulz
m.Charles Schulz, Charles Munroe Schulz. -
100 Charles the Great
Charlemagne [ˈʃɑː(r)ləmeın], Charles the Great Eigenn Karl der Große. ( 742-814; Frankenkönig; als Karl I. Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reichs)
См. также в других словарях:
Charles — Charles, Ray * * * (as used in expressions) Adams, Charles Francis Addams, Charles (Samuel) Atlas, Charles Babbage, Charles Barkley, Charles (Wade) Charles Daly Barnet Bartlett, Sir Frederic C(harles) Baudelaire, Charles (Pierre) Charles Edward… … Enciclopedia Universal
Charles X — de France Pour les articles homonymes, voir Charles X (homonymie). Charles X … Wikipédia en Français
Charles — ist ein männlicher Vorname, der auch als Familienname in Gebrauch ist. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Herkunft und Bedeutung 2 Bekannte Namensträger 2.1 Vorname 2.2 Familienname … Deutsch Wikipedia
Charles I — may refer to: In Kings and Emperors: Charles I, Holy Roman Emperor or Charlemagne (742–814) Charles I of Naples, King of Sicily (1226–1285) Charles I of Hungary, King of Hungary (1288–1342) Charles I of Bohemia or Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor… … Wikipedia
Charles II — may refer to: Charles the Bald (823–877), king of the West Franks and Holy Roman Emperor Charles II of Naples (1248–1309) Charles II of Alençon (1297–1346) Charles II of Navarre (1332–1387) Charles II, Duke of Lorraine (1390–1431) Charles II,… … Wikipedia
CHARLES II — (1630 1685) roi d’Angleterre (1660 1685) Fils aîné du roi décapité, privé du trône d’Angleterre en 1649, chassé en 1651 de l’Écosse qui l’avait reconnu roi en janvier de la même année, Charles doit mener une longue vie d’exilé, plus ou moins… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Charles — Charles1 [chärlz] n. [Fr < ML Carolus or Gmc Karl, lit., full grown; akin to OE ceorl, CHURL] a masculine name: dim. Charley, Charlie, Chuck; var. Carl, Karl; equiv. L. Carolus, Ger. Carl, Karl, It. Carlo, Sp. Carlos, Du. Karel; fem. Charlene … English World dictionary
CHARLES VI — (1685 1740) empereur germanique (1711 1740) Frère cadet de l’empereur germanique Joseph Ier, l’archiduc Charles avait été destiné dès son plus jeune âge à régner sur l’Espagne, puisque le dernier Habsbourg d’Espagne, Charles II, était… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Charles IV — may refer to: Charles IV of France, the Fair (1294–1328) Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1316–1378) Charles IV of Navarre (1421–1461) Charles IV, Duke of Anjou (1436–1481) Charles IV of Alençon (1489–1525) Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and IV of… … Wikipedia
CHARLES X — (1757 1836) roi de France (1824 1830) Né à Versailles le 9 octobre 1757, Charles était le quatrième fils du dauphin Louis (fils de Louis XV, mort en 1765 sans avoir régné). À la cour de Versailles, la vie du jeune comte d’Artois (tel était son… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Charles V — may refer to: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500 – 1558), also Charles I of Spain Charles V of Naples (1661 – 1700), better known as Charles II of Spain Charles V of France (1338 – 1380), called the Wise Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (1643 – 1690) … Wikipedia
