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1 Montgolfier
m.1 Montgolfier, Josef Michel Montgolfier.2 Montgolfier, Jacques Etienne Montgolfier. -
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n. Montgolfier, familienaam; Jacques Etienne Montgolfier (1745-1799), Franse aëronautische uitvinder die samen met zijn broer Joseph Michelde eerste luchtballon uitvond; Joseph Michel Montgolfier (1740-1810), Franse aëronautische uitvinder die samen met zijn broer Jacques Etienne de eerste luchtballon uitvond -
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(историческое) монгольфьер, воздушный шарБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > montgolfier
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[mɒntʹgɒlfıə] n ист.монгольфьер, воздушный шар -
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[mɒnt'gɒlfɪə]История: воздушный шар, монгольфьер -
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◙ n. מונטגולפייה, שם משפחה; ז'אק אטיין מונטגולפייה (1745-1799), ממציא אווירונאוטי צרפתי אשר (יחד עם אחיו ג'וזף מישל) המציא את הכדור הפורח השימושי הראשון; ג'וזף מישל מונטגולפייה (1740-1810), ממציא אווירונאוטי צרפתי אשר (יחד עם אחיו ז'אק אטיין) המציא את הכדור הפורח השימושי הראשון* * *◙ ןושארה ישומישה חרופה רודכה תא איצמה (ןייטא קא'ז ויחא םע דחי) רשא יתפרצ יטואנוריווא איצממ,(0181-0471) הייפלוגטנומ לשימ ףזו'ג ;ןושארה ישומישה חרופה רודכה תא איצמה (לשימ ףזו'ג ויחא םע דחי) רשא יתפרצ יטואנוריווא איצממ,(9971-5471) הייפלוגטנומ ןייטא קא'ז ;החפשמ םש,הייפלוגטנומ◄ -
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n; іст.монгольф'єр, повітряна куля -
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n; іст.монгольф'єр, повітряна куля -
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• balon; dirižabl -
10 montgolfier
(n) воздушный шар; монгольфьер -
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12 montgolfier
n ист. монгольфьер, воздушный шар -
13 MONTGOLFIER
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14 Montgolfier, Joseph-Michel
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 26 August 1740 Vidalon-lès-Annonay, Franced. 26 June 1810 Balaruc-les-Bains, France[br]French ballooning pioneer who, with his brother Jacques-Etienne (b. 6 January 1745 Vidalon-lès-Annonay, France; d. 2 August 1799, Serriers, France), built the first balloon to carry passengers on a "free" flight.[br]Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier were papermakers of Annonay, near Lyon. Joseph made the first experiments' after studying smoke rising from a fire and assuming that the smoke contained a gas which was lighter than air: of course, this lighter-than-air gas was just hot air. Using fine silk he made a small balloon with an aperture in its base, then, by burning paper beneath this aperture, he filled the balloon with hot air and it rose to the ceiling. Jacques-Etienne joined his brother in further experiments and they progressed to larger hot-air balloons until, by October 1783, they had constructed one large enough to lift two men on tethered ascents. In the same month Joseph-Michel delivered a paper at the University of Lyon on his experiments for a propulsive system by releasing gas through an opening in the side of a balloon; unfortunately, there was not enough pressurefor an effective jet. Then, on 21 November 1783, the scientist Pilâtre de Rozier and the Marquis d'Arlandes ascended on a "free" flight in a Montgolfier balloon. They departed from the grounds of a château in the Bois de Boulogne in Paris on what was to be the world's first aerial journey, covering 9 km (5/2 miles) in 25 minutes.Ballooning became a popular spectacle with initial rivalry between the hot-air Montgolfières and the hydrogen-filled Charlières of J.A.C. Charles. Interest in hot-air balloons subsided, but was revived in the 1960s by an American, Paul E. Yost. His propane-gas burner to provide hot-air was a great advance on the straw-burning fire-basket of the Montgolfiers.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLégion d'honneur.Further ReadingC.C.Gillispie, 1983, The Montgolfier Brothers and the Invention of Aviation 1783–1784, Princeton, NJ (one of the publications to commemorate the bicentenary of the Montgolfiers).L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London (describes the history of balloons). C.Dollfus, 1961, Balloons, London.JDSBiographical history of technology > Montgolfier, Joseph-Michel
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15 Jacques Etienne Montgolfier
n. Jacques Etienne Montgolfier (1745-1799) Franse ruimtevaart uitvinder die (samen met zijn broer Joseph Michel) de eerste praktische hete luchtballon uitvond -
16 Jacques Etienne Montgolfier
◙ n. ז'אק אטיין מונטגולפייר (1745-1799),ממציא אווירונאוטי צרפתי (שביחד עם אחיו ג'וסף מישל) המציא את הכדור הפורח השימושי הראשון* * *◙ ןושארה ישומישה חרופה רודכה תא איצמה (לשימ ףסו'ג ויחא םע דחיבש) יתפרצ יטואנוריווא איצממ,(9971-5471) רייפלוגטנומ ןייטא קא'ז◄ -
17 Joseph Michel Montgolfier
◙ n. ג'וזף מישל מונטגולפייה (1740-1810), ממציא אווירונאוטי צרפתי אשר (יחד עם אחיו ז'אק אטיין) המציא את הכדור הפורח השימושי הראשון* * *◙ ןושארה ישומישה חרופה רודכה תא איצמה (ןייטא קא'ז ויחא םע דחי) רשא יתפרצ יטואנוריווא איצממ,(0181-0471) הייפלוגטנומ לשימ ףזו'ג◄ -
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19 Argand, François-Pierre Amis
[br]b. 5 July 1750 Geneva, Switzerlandd. October 1803 London, England[br]Swiss inventor of the Argand lamp.[br]Son of a clockmaker, he studied physics and chemistry under H.-D. de Saussure (1740– 99). In 1775 he moved to Paris, where he taught chemistry and presented a paper on electrical phenomena to the Académie Royale des Sciences. He assisted the Montgolfier brothers in their Paris balloon ascents.From 1780 Argand spent some time in Montpellier, where he conceived the idea of the lamp that was to make him famous. It was an oil lamp with gravity oil feed, in which the flame was enlarged by burning it in a current of air induced by two concentric iron tubes. It produced ten times the illumination of the simple oil lamp. From the autumn of 1783 to summer 1785, Argand travelled to London and Birmingham to promote the manufacture and sale of his lamp. Upon his return to Paris, he found that his design had been plagiarized; with others, Argand sought to establish his priority, and Paul Abeille published a tract, Déscouverte des lampes à courant d'air et à cylindre (1785). As a result, the Académie granted Argand a licence to manufacture the lamp. However, during the Revolution, Argand's factories were destroyed and his licence annulled. He withdrew to Versoix, near Geneva. In 1793, the English persuaded him to take refuge in England and tried, apparently without success, to obtain recompense for his losses.Argand is also remembered for his work on distillation and on the water distributor or hydraulic ram, which was conceived with Joseph Montgolfier in 1797 and recognized by the grant of a patent in the same year.[br]Further ReadingM.Schroder, 1969, The Armand Burner: Its Origin and Development in France and England, 1781–1800, Odense University Press.LRDBiographical history of technology > Argand, François-Pierre Amis
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20 Charles, Jacques Alexandre César
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 12 November 1746 Beaugency, Franced. 7 April 1823 Paris, France[br]French physicist who developed the first hydrogen balloon, in 1783.[br]In 1783, following the early experiments with small hot-air balloons by the Montgolfier brothers, there was a growing interest in the prospect of a balloon flight with people on board. The Paris Académie des Sciences encouraged one of their physicists, Charles, to carry out experiments and produce a balloon. Charles enlisted the assistance of two brothers, Anne-Jean and Marie-Noël Robert, who were practical craftsmen with experience of coating silk fabric with rubber to make it impermeable to gases. Charles decided to use the recently discovered lighter-than-air gas, hydrogen, for his experiments rather than hot air. After making several unmanned balloons, he had a manned balloon ready for testing on 1 December 1783. Despite the fact that a Montgolfier balloon had already flown with two passengers, there was enormous public interest in the flight: one estimate suggested that 400,000 people turned out to watch. Charles and Marie-Noël Robert ascended from the gardens of the Tuileries and landed after two hours, having covered 45 km (28 miles). Technically the "Charlière" was far superior to the "Montgolfière" and was therefore used by most subsequent balloonists until the introduction of the modern hot-air balloon by the American Paul E. Yost in the 1960s. Following Meusnier's proposals for a dirigible (steerable) balloon, put forward during 1783–5, Charles and the Robert brothers built an elongated balloon incorporating Meusnier's ballonnet principle. It had a rudder but the method of propulsion, by opening and closing parasols used as paddles, was totally ineffective.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember of the Académie des Sciences 1795.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London. C.Dollfus, 1961, Balloons, trans. C.Mason, London. J.B.F.Fourier, 1825, Notice.JDSBiographical history of technology > Charles, Jacques Alexandre César
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См. также в других словарях:
Montgolfier — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Le nom Montgolfier renvoie à une famille française, dont les membres les plus connus sont les frères Montgolfier, inventeurs de la montgolfière. famille… … Wikipédia en Français
MONTGOLFIER (J. et É.) — MONTGOLFIER JOSEPH (1740 1810) & ÉTIENNE (1745 1799) Papetiers à Vidalon lès Annonay (leur ville natale), dans l’Ardèche et, en même temps, pionniers de l’aérostation. Dès 1782, ils expérimentent la force ascensionnelle d’un gaz moins lourd que… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Montgolfier — [mɔ̃gɔl fje], französisches Brüderpaar, Erfinder des Heißluftballons: Étienne Jacques de Montgolfier, * Vidalon lès Annonay (heute zu Annonay) 6. 1. 1745, ✝ Serrières (Département Ardèche) 2. 8. 1799, und Michel Joseph de Montgolfier, * Vidalon … Universal-Lexikon
montgolfier — MONTGOLFIÉR, montgolfiere, s.n. Aerostat primitiv umplut cu aer cald. [pr.: fi er. – var.: montgolfiéră s.f.] – Din fr. montgolfière. Trimis de ana zecheru, 13.09.2007. Sursa: DEX 98 MONTGOLFIÉR s.n. Aerostat primitiv umplut cu aer cald. [pron … Dicționar Român
Montgolfier — Aujourd hui très rare et rencontré dans la région lyonnaise, désigne celui qui est originaire d une localité appelée Montgolfier. C est le nom d un hameau à Ambert (63). M.T. Morlet signale également la présence du toponyme en Ardèche, où sont… … Noms de famille
Montgolfier — Mont gol fier, n. A balloon which ascends by the buoyancy of air heated by a fire; a fire balloon; so called from two brothers, Stephen and Joseph Montgolfier, of France, who first constructed and sent up a fire balloon. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Montgolfier — (spr. Monggolsiëhr), 1) Joseph Michael, geb. 1740 in Vidalon les Annonay im jetzigen Departement Ardèche, wo sein Vater eine Papierfabrik besaß, faßte pon Jugend auf eine große Vorliebe zu mechanischen Beschäftigungen u. wurde dadurch zur… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Montgolfier — (spr. monggolfjē), Joseph Michel, Erfinder des Luftballons, geb. 1740 in Vidalon lès Annonay (Depart. Ardèche), gest. 26. Juni 1810 in Balaruc les Bains bei Montpellier, studierte mit seinem Bruder Jacques Etienne Mathematik, Mechanik und Physik … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Montgolfier — (spr. monggolfĭeh), Jacques Etienne, geb. 7. Jan. 1745 zu Vidalon lès Annonay (Dep. Ardèche), übernahm mit seinem Bruder (s. unten) die väterliche Papierfabrik und erfand mit demselben das erste, als Montgolfière bezeichnete Luftschiff, zuerst… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Montgolfier — (Mongolfieh), Jacques Etienne, 1745–99. u. Jos. Michel M., 1740–1810, Brüder. Papierfabrikanten, geb. zu Vidalon les Annonai im Dep. Ardêche, Erfinder des mit erwärmter Luft gefüllten Luftballons (s. d.), mit dem sie 1783 zu Versailles den 1.… … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Montgolfier — (Joseph de) (1740 1810) et son frère, Étienne (1745 1799), industriels français. Ils perfectionnèrent l industrie du papier et inventèrent les montgolfières … Encyclopédie Universelle
