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81 CLI
1) Общая лексика: changeable laser imaging (см. TLI)2) Медицина: Common Language Infrastructure3) Военный термин: coherent laser illumination, command language interpreter4) Юридический термин: Current Law Index6) Телекоммуникации: Calling Line Identification, Calling Line Identifier7) Сокращение: Cost-of-Living Index8) Электроника: Cumulative Leakage Index9) Вычислительная техника: command-line interpreter, CLear Interrupt (Assembler), Class LIbrary (CLI), Call Level Interface (DB, SAG, X/Open, Oracle, Informix, MS), Common Language Infrastructure (MS,.NET, ECMA, CLI), Command Line Interpreter / Interface (OS), command level interface10) Фирменный знак: Charles Lapierre, Inc.11) Сетевые технологии: Call-Level Interface, Command Line Interface, интерфейс на уровне вызовов, интерфейс уровня вызовов, коммуникационный интерфейс для обеспечения связи между различными базами данных, спецификация формулировки запроса, стандарт CLI12) Программирование: Clear Interrupt-Enable Flag13) Расширение файла: Call-Level Interface, Clear Interrupt Flag, Client Library Interface14) NYSE. Mack California Realty Corporation -
82 father
1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) padre2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) padre3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) padre
2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) engendrar- fatherly
- father-in-law
father n padretr['fɑːðəSMALLr/SMALL]1 (male parent) padre nombre masculino2 (priest) padre nombre masculino1 (beget) engendrar2 figurative use (create, originate) inventar, crear1 (ancestors) antepasados nombre masculino plural\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLfrom father to son de padre a hijolike father like son de tal palo, tal astillato be a father to somebody ser un padre para alguiento father something on somebody atribuir algo a alguienfather figure figura paternaFather's Day el día del padreFather Christmas Papá nombre masculino NoelFather Time el Tiempofather ['fɑðər] vt: engendrarfather n1) : padre mmy father and my mother: mi padre y mi madreFather Smith: el padre Smith2)the Father god: el Padre, Dios mn.• padre s.m.v.• engendrar v.• prohijar v.• servir de padre a v.
I 'fɑːðər, 'fɑːðə(r)1) (parent, originator) padre mlike father, like son — de tal palo tal astilla, hijo de tigre sale pintado (AmL)
2) ( Relig)in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost — en el nombre del Padre, del Hijo y del Espíritu Santo
b) ( priest) padre m
II
transitive verb \<\<child\>\> engendrar, tener*['fɑːðǝ(r)]1. N1) (gen) padre mto be passed on or handed down from father to son — pasar de padre a hijo
2)Our Father — (Rel) Padre Nuestro
3)Father Brown — (Rel) (el) padre Brown
4) (fig) (=founder) padre mcity 2.2.VT [+ child] engendrar; (fig) inventar, producir3.CPDFather Christmas N — (Brit) Papá m Noel
father confessor N — (Rel) confesor m, padre m or director m espiritual
Father's Day N — Día m del Padre
father figure N — figura f paterna
* * *
I ['fɑːðər, 'fɑːðə(r)]1) (parent, originator) padre mlike father, like son — de tal palo tal astilla, hijo de tigre sale pintado (AmL)
2) ( Relig)in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost — en el nombre del Padre, del Hijo y del Espíritu Santo
b) ( priest) padre m
II
transitive verb \<\<child\>\> engendrar, tener* -
83 Father
1. noun1) (lit. or fig.) Vater, derlike father like son — der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm (ugs. scherzh., Spr.)
2. transitive verb[our heavenly] Father — [unser himmlischer] Vater
* * *1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) der Vater2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) der Pater3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) der Urheber2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) zeugen- academic.ru/26591/fatherhood">fatherhood- fatherly
- father-in-law* * *Fa·ther[ˈfɑ:ðəʳ, AM -ɚ]n\Father O'Casey/Jack Pater m O'Casey/JackGod the \Father Gott Vaterour \Father who [or which] art in heaven Vater unser im Himmel3. (early writer)the \Fathers of the Church die Kirchenväter* * *['fAːðə(r)]1. nfrom father to son — vom Vater auf den Sohn
like father like son —
(Old) Father Time — die Zeit (als Allegorie)
3)4) (= priest) Pater m2. vt1) child, cub etc zeugen; (= admit paternity) die Vaterschaft anerkennen für; (fig) idea, plan Urheber (+gen) sein2)(= saddle with responsibility)
to father sth on sb — jdm die Verantwortung für etw aufhalsen (inf) or aufbürden* * *Fr. abk2. France3. French* * *1. noun1) (lit. or fig.) Vater, derhe is a or the father of six — er hat sechs Kinder
like father like son — der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm (ugs. scherzh., Spr.)
[our heavenly] Father — [unser himmlischer] Vater
2. transitive verbFather — (as title): (priest) Herr Pfarrer; (as title): (monk) Pater
* * *n.Vater ¨-- m. -
84 father
1. noun1) (lit. or fig.) Vater, derlike father like son — der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm (ugs. scherzh., Spr.)
2. transitive verb[our heavenly] Father — [unser himmlischer] Vater
* * *1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) der Vater2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) der Pater3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) der Urheber2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) zeugen- academic.ru/26591/fatherhood">fatherhood- fatherly
- father-in-law* * *Fa·ther[ˈfɑ:ðəʳ, AM -ɚ]n\Father O'Casey/Jack Pater m O'Casey/JackGod the \Father Gott Vaterour \Father who [or which] art in heaven Vater unser im Himmel3. (early writer)the \Fathers of the Church die Kirchenväter* * *['fAːðə(r)]1. nfrom father to son — vom Vater auf den Sohn
like father like son —
(Old) Father Time — die Zeit (als Allegorie)
3)4) (= priest) Pater m2. vt1) child, cub etc zeugen; (= admit paternity) die Vaterschaft anerkennen für; (fig) idea, plan Urheber (+gen) sein2)(= saddle with responsibility)
to father sth on sb — jdm die Verantwortung für etw aufhalsen (inf) or aufbürden* * *father [ˈfɑːðə(r)]A s1. Vater m:he became a father yesterday er wurde gestern Vater;a father of three ein Vater von drei Kindern;like father like son der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm;Father’s Day Vatertag m3. pl Ahnen pl, Vorfahren pl:be gathered to one’s fathers zu seinen Vätern versammelt werden;rest with one’s fathers bei seinen Vätern ruhen4. umg Schwieger-, Stief-, Adoptivvater m5. fig Vater m, Urheber m, Begründer m:the Father of lies der Satan;the wish was father to the thought der Wunsch war der Vater des Gedankens9. RELc) Pater mFather Time Chronos m11. Br (Dienst)Älteste(r) mB v/t1. ein Kind zeugen2. etwas ins Leben rufen, hervorbringen3. wie ein Vater sein zu jemandem4. die Vaterschaft (gen) anerkennen5. figa) die Urheberschaft (gen) anerkennenb) die Urheberschaft (gen) zuschreiben (on, upon sb jemandem):father a novel on sb jemandem einen Roman zuschreiben6. father sth (up)on sb jemandem die Schuld für etwas zuschreiben, jemanden für etwas verantwortlich machen* * *1. noun1) (lit. or fig.) Vater, derhe is a or the father of six — er hat sechs Kinder
like father like son — der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm (ugs. scherzh., Spr.)
[our heavenly] Father — [unser himmlischer] Vater
2. transitive verbFather — (as title): (priest) Herr Pfarrer; (as title): (monk) Pater
* * *n.Vater ¨-- m. -
85 father
1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) far2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) Fader, pater3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) far2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) være far til, avle, fostre- fatherly
- father-in-lawfar--------grunnleggerIsubst. \/ˈfɑːħə\/1) far, pappa2) (for)fader, far, opphav3) opphavsmann, grunnlegger4) (katolsk, tittel) Fader, pater5) doyen, nestor, eldste medlem (i yrke, organisasjon e.l.)6) fedre, ledende menn, stiftere, grunnleggere7) Gud, Far, FaderFather's Day farsdag (den tredje søndagen i juni i Storbritannia og USA)father fixation ( psykologi) farsbindingfathers fedre, forfedre, opphavgå til sine fedre \/ døFather Time Tidenlike father, like son eplet faller ikke langt fra stammen, som far, så sønnthe Most Reverend Father in God Hans høyærverdighet (tiltale til anglikansk erkebiskop eller romersk-katolsk biskop)Our Father (which art in heaven) Fader vår (du som er i himmelen)say Our Father lese fadervårsleep with one's fathers ( overført) hvile i (familie)graven, ha gått til sine (for)fedrethe Father of the House (of Commons) medlem i det britiske Underhuset med mest anseiennitetthe Holy Father Den hellige far (paven)the wish is father to the thought ( ordtak) man tror det man vil troIIverb \/ˈfɑːħə\/1) avle, være far til, fostre2) gi opphav til, være opphavsmann til3) erkjenne farskap til (også overført)4) erklære seg som opphavsmann til, erklære seg som forfatter av, ta ansvaret for5) (opp)fostre (som en far), ta seg faderlig avfather (up)on utpeke som far( overført) tillegge forfatterskap til, utpeke som opphavsmann -
86 father
1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) faðir2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) prestur, preststitill3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) stofnandi, upphafsmaður2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) feðra; vera faðir (e-s)- fatherly
- father-in-law -
87 father
apa, páter, atya to father: örökbe fogad, apaságot elismer, feltalál* * *1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) apa2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) atya3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) vminek az atyja2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) nemz- fatherly
- father-in-law -
88 father
1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) pai2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) padre3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) pai2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) ser pai/gerar- fatherly
- father-in-law* * *fa.ther[f'a:ðə] n 1 pai: a) genitor, progenitor. b) antepassado, avô. c) protetor, benfeitor. d) fundador, inventor, criador, autor. e) senador, pai da pátria (na antiga Roma). 2 patriarca, velho venerável, prócer. 3 Father Padre (primeira pessoa da Trindade), Deus. 4 padre: título prefixado ao nome próprio. 5 fathers os edis, os senadores, os deputados. • vt 1 gerar, procriar. 2 fig criar, originar. 3 adotar como filho. 4 agir como pai, governar paternalmente. 5 atribuir a paternidade ou autoria (on, upon). they fathered the child on him / atribuíram-lhe a paternidade da criança. Father Christmas Papai Noel. like father like son tal pai tal filho. the Holy Father o Santo Padre, o Papa.————————(pai), French (francês), Friday (sexta-feira). -
89 father
n. allah, tanrı————————n. baba, papaz, peder, yaratıcı, kurucu, ata————————v. yapmak (çocuk), yaratmak, icat etmek, babası olmak, üzerine atmak, yüklemek* * *1. baba ol (v.) 2. baba (n.)* * *1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) baba2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) papaz, peder3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) kurucu, mucit2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) baba olmak, babalık yapmak- fatherly
- father-in-law -
90 father
1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) oče2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) oče3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) oče2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) zaploditi- fatherly
- father-in-law* * *I [fá:ðə]nounoče; prednik; pater, duhovnik; starešina; utemeljitelj; senatorfathers — predniki, mestni očetjeadoptive father — očim, krušni očeto be gathered to one's fathers — zapustiti ta svet, umretiFather of lies — vrag, hudičthe wish is father to the thought — kar želimo, da bi bilo res, najraje verjamemoII [fá:ð ə]transitive verbsploditi, biti oče; priznati očetovstvo; posinoviti, pohčeriti; figuratively prisvojiti si; prevzeti odgovornost; skrbeti -
91 father
• panna alulle• isä• Vater• perheenisä* * *1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) isä2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) isä3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) isä2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) olla isä- fatherly
- father-in-law -
92 ♦ court
♦ court /kɔ:t/A n.1 [cu] (leg., = court of law) corte; tribunale; foro; giudice (fig.): court of justice, corte di giustizia; court having jurisdiction, foro competente; appeal court, corte d'appello; criminal court, tribunale penale; supreme court, corte suprema; to appear in court, comparire davanti al giudice; to bring sb. to court (o before the court) portare q. in tribunale; citare q. in giudizio; to bring a case to court, portare un caso in tribunale; to go to court, ( di persona) adire le vie legali; ( di faccenda) finire in tribunale; to take sb. [a case] to court, portare q. [un caso] in tribunale2 (leg.) aula (di tribunale): (leg.) Silence in court!, silenzio in aula!3 ( sport) campo; zona del campo: tennis court, campo da tennis; ( tennis) open court, settore del campo scoperto; squash court, campo di gioco per lo squash; hard court, campo in terra battuta o in cemento; grass court, campo in erba; ( tennis) the service court, la zona del servizio; off court, fuori del campo; on court, in campo4 corte; cortile5 (in GB, nei nomi propri) palazzo; residenza; palazzo di appartamenti ( di lusso): Hampton Court, il Palazzo di Hampton6 corte (reale): the court of Charles II, la corte di Carlo II; the Court of St. James's, la Corte di San Giacomo ( la corte del Regno Unito); life at court, vita a corte; vita di corteB a. attr.2 (leg.) di tribunale; giudiziario; giudiziale; processuale; di un processo: court battle, battaglia in tribunale; battaglia legale; court proceedings, atti processuali; documenti giudiziari; court record, verbale di un processo; court district, distretto giudiziario; court ruling, sentenza del tribunale; court settlement, accordo giudiziale● (GB) court card, figura ( delle carte da gioco) □ (leg.) court case, causa; processo □ (in GB) court circular, relazione quotidiana sulle attività dei membri della famiglia reale ( pubblicata sui giornali) □ court dress, (stor.) abito indossato a corte; (leg.) toga di avvocato o giudice □ (leg.) court hearing, udienza □ court house ► courthouse □ (teatr., cinem., TV) court melodrama, dramma (film, originale televisivo) incentrato su un processo ( con molte scene in tribunale) □ (leg. GB) the Court of Appeal, la Corte d'Appello NOTE DI CULTURA: Court of Appeal: risiede a Londra ed è nella maggior parte dei casi la corte di ultima istanza, le sue decisioni sono infatti appellabili solo di fronte alla Camera dei Lord □ (leg., in USA) Court of Appeals, Corte d'Appello ( ve ne sono dodici); ( in taluni Stati) Corte Suprema □ court of arbitration, collegio arbitrale □ (leg.) Courts of Assize, Corti d'Assise (sostituite nel 1971 dalle «Circuit Courts») □ (leg.) court of first instance, tribunale di prima istanza □ court of inquiry, commissione d'inchiesta; (mil.) tribunale militare □ (leg.) court of last resort, tribunale d'ultima istanza ( la Camera dei Lord in GB, la Corte Suprema in USA) □ (leg.) Court of Session, Corte Suprema (in Scozia) □ (leg.) court order, ordine (o ordinanza) del tribunale □ (stor.) court plaster, cerotto ( di seta o altra stoffa) □ (leg.) court reporter, stenotipista di tribunale □ (stor., in GB) court roll, registro delle locazioni ( in una corte feudale) □ court shoe, scarpa scollata (con tacco medio); scollata; (scarpa) decolleté □ (leg.) court sitting in panel, collegio di giudici □ (stor.) court sword, spadino da cortigiano □ (stor., GB) court tennis, (gioco della) pallacorda □ to hold court, tener corte; (fig.) tener corte, far salotto □ (leg.) out of court, (avv.) in via amichevole; (agg.) stragiudiziale: out-of-court settlement, transazione stragiudiziale; to settle a case [a dispute] out of court, conciliare una causa [comporre una disputa] in via amichevole □ to pay court to q., fare la corte a q., corteggiare q. ( per ingraziarselo) □ to put st. out of court for, mettere qc. fuori della portata di.(to) court /kɔ:t/A v. t.2 cercare; sollecitare; andare in cerca di: (polit.) to court the independent voters, sollecitare il voto degli elettori non iscritti ad alcun partito politico; to court an opportunity, cercare una buona occasione; You are courting trouble, tu vai in cerca di guaiB v. i.fare la corte. -
93 father
['fɑːðə(r)]1) relig. (God) Padre m.the Our Father — (prayer) il Padre Nostro
2) (title for priest) padre m.* * *1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) padre2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) Padre3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) padre2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) fare da padre- fatherly
- father-in-law* * *['fɑːðə(r)]1) relig. (God) Padre m.the Our Father — (prayer) il Padre Nostro
2) (title for priest) padre m. -
94 father
['fɑːðə(r)]ojciec m* * *1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) ojciec2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) ojciec3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) ojciec2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) spłodzić- fatherly
- father-in-law -
95 father
1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) tēvs2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) Tēvs3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) radītājs; dibinātājs2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) radīt; būt par tēvu- fatherly
- father-in-law* * *tēvs; ciltstēvs, sencis; dibinātājs, radītājs; Dievs; garīgais tēvs, bīskaps, mācītājs; vecākais loceklis -
96 father
1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) tėvas2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) Tėvas3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) tėvas, pradininkas2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) būti tėvu- fatherly
- father-in-law -
97 father
n. far, fader--------v. avla; vara far till; erkänna faderskapet till; leda, uppfinna; ta ansvaret över* * *1. noun1) (a male parent, especially human: Mr Smith is her father.) far2) ((with capital) the title of a (usually Roman Catholic) priest: I met Father Sullivan this morning.) fader, pater3) (a person who begins, invents or first makes something: King Alfred was the father of the English navy.) fader, upphovsman2. verb(to be the father of: King Charles II fathered a number of children.) avla, vara far till- fatherly
- father-in-law -
98 Adams, Brooks
(1848-1927) Адамс, БруксИсторик, политолог, младший сын Ч. Ф. Адамса [ Adams, Charles Francis (C. F.)]. В "Освобождении Массачусетса" ["The Emancipation of Massachusetts"] (1887) выдвинул тезис выживания сильнейших. В работе "Право цивилизации и ее упадок" ["The Law of Civilization and Decay"] (1895) представлял экономическую историю как серию циклов роста и падения, выдвинув тезис о неизбежной гибели наций. В частности, предполагал, что в 1950 США и Россия будут единственными сверхдержавами, но богатство Америки исчезнет, а ее демократические традиции будут разрушены бесконтрольным бизнесом.English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Adams, Brooks
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99 Lindbergh kidnapping case
Одно из самых сенсационных преступлений в истории США. Из имения в пригороде Хопуэлла, шт. Нью-Джерси, ночью 1 марта 1932 был похищен полуторагодовалый сын Чарлза Линдберга [ Lindbergh, Charles Augustus], за жизнь которого был назначен выкуп в 50 тыс. долларов. Деньги передать удалось, но ребенок к тому времени был уже мертв. 12 мая его тело было обнаружено у дома Линдбергов. 15 сентября 1934 был арестован немецкий иммигрант плотник Б. Хауптманн [Hauptmann, Bruno], в доме которого нашли несколько помеченных купюр. 3 апреля 1936 он был казнен. В настоящее время ряд криминалистов считает это дело судебной ошибкой, совершенной на волне антигерманских настроений.English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Lindbergh kidnapping case
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100 Mississippi
Штат на Юге [ South] в группе штатов Юго-Восточного Центра [ East South Central States]. Площадь 123,5 тыс. кв. км. Население 2,8 млн. человек (2000). Столица и крупнейший город штата Джексон [ Jackson]. Другие крупные города: Билокси [ Biloxi], Гринвилл [ Greenville], Хаттисберг [Hattiesburg], Меридиан [Meridian], Галфпорт [ Gulfport]. На северо-западе граничит со штатом Арканзас [ Arkansas], на юго-западе с Луизианой [ Louisiana], на севере с Теннесси [ Tennessee], на востоке с Алабамой [ Alabama]. На юго-востоке имеет выход к Мексиканскому заливу [ Mexico, Gulf of]. В состав штата входит также цепь небольших островов, отделенных от материка проливом Миссисипи-Саунд [Mississippi Sound]. Почти вся его территория лежит в восточной части Примексиканской низменности [Gulf Coastal Plain]. Побережье залива заболочено. Земли изрезаны густой сетью рек, особенно в районе дельты р. Миссисипи [ Mississippi River]. Восточнее дельты холмы Блафф-Хиллс [Bluff Hills], к востоку от них прерии [Jackson Prairie]. На северо-востоке штата холмы долины р. Теннесси [ Tennessee River; Tennessee River Hills]. Леса занимают около 55 процентов территории, несколько сосновых пород имеют промышленное значение. Субтропический, влажный климат, в летне-осенний сезон случаются ураганы. На территории штата жили племена чикасо [ Chickasaw], чокто [ Choctaw], натчез [ Natchez], билокси [ Biloxi], паскагула [ Pascagoula]. Первым европейцем, посетившим регион в 1540, был испанец Э. Де Сото [ De Soto, Hernando]. В 1682 Ласалль [ La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de] объявил долину р. Миссисипи французской территорией и назвал ее Луизианой. В 1699 П. Ибервилль [ Iberville, Pierre le Moyne, Sieur d'] построил первое постоянное поселение на берегу залива Билокси. В 1717 финансист Дж. Ло [Law, John] предложил план заселения и коммерческого освоения долины р. Миссисипи [ Mississippi Scheme], который привлек в регион много английских поселенцев. После Войны с французами и индейцами [ French and Indian War] (1754-63) регион перешел в руки англичан и входил в состав колонии Западная Флорида [West Florida] до 1799. В 1781 испанцы захватили земли в районе г. Натчеза на западе региона и удерживали их до 1795, когда они перешли к США. В 1798 была создана Территория Миссисипи [Territory of Mississippi] с центром в г. Натчезе. В 1817 Миссисипи стал 20-м штатом, вошедшим в Союз. К 1832 большая часть индейцев, живших в штате, была перемещена в Индейскую территорию [ Indian Territory]. К началу Гражданской войны [ Civil War] в штате была создана экономика, основанная на плантационном рабстве и монокультуре хлопка. 9 января 1861 штат вышел из Союза и стал вторым по счету штатом, вступившим в Конфедерацию [ Confederate States of America], президентом которой был избран политик из Миссисипи Дж. Дэвис [ Davis, Jefferson]. В войне участвовало около 80 тыс. жителей штата, на его территории произошло несколько крупных сражений, в том числе осада Виксберга [ Vicksburg]. В период Реконструкции [ Reconstruction] Миссисипи управлялся федеральными властями. В 1870 штат вновь вошел в состав США. В 1890 была принята конституция штата [ state constitution], узаконившая расовую сегрегацию. В конце XIX в. экономика штата по-прежнему зависела от монокультуры хлопка, а негры составляли большинство населения. В 1916-20 губернатор Т. Билбо [Bilbo, Theodore] провел значительные реформы. В 1927 огромный ущерб аграрному штату нанесло наводнение; не успев оправиться от него, Миссисипи вступил в эпоху Великой депрессии [ Great Depression]. Власти штата преодолевали депрессию на основе экономической программы "сбалансирования сельского хозяйства и промышленности" [Balancing Agriculture With Industry (BAWI)]. Открытие месторождений нефти (1939-40) положило начало диверсификации экономики. Темпы индустриализации, начавшейся в период второй мировой войны, возросли в 1950-60-е. Современная экономика штата в целом отражает общенациональные тенденции. Так, 2/3 рабочей силы занято в сфере услуг, государственный сектор дает до 15 процентов валового продукта. Крупнейший работодатель - промышленность (текстильная, мебельная и др.). В сельском хозяйстве наблюдается увеличение размеров и уменьшение числа фермерских хозяйств. Важнейшие культуры: хлопчатник, соя, рис; развито мясное животноводство, птицеводство. Существенна доля добычи рыбы и продуктов моря. В 1960-е штат стал крупнейшим центром движения за гражданские права [ civil rights movement]. В 1962 возникли беспорядки, связанные с попыткой Дж. Мередита [ Meredith, James Howard] поступить в Миссисипский университет [ Mississippi, University of]. В 1969 впервые в истории штата на пост мэра был избран негр Ч. Эверс [Evers, Charles], а уже в 1988 на выборных должностях штата находилось больше афро-американцев, чем где бы то ни было в стране. В течение столетия после Реконструкции в штате по традиции были сильны позиции демократов. Ныне значительно усилилось влияние республиканцев; в 1991 избран губернатор-республиканец.English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Mississippi
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