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21 chambray
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22 chambray
"шамбре" -
23 Chambray
Легкая хлопчатобумажная ткань цвета индиго в основном для простых сорочек и женских джинсов.. . Джинсовый словарь . www.saksonov.com -
24 chambray
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25 chambray
плательная и рубашечная ткань "шамбре" -
26 chambray
плательная и рубашечная ткань "шамбре" -
27 chambray
s.cambray, o batista, lienzo blanco muy delgado. -
28 chambray
текст. -
29 chambray
n текст. «шамбре» -
30 chambray
плательная и рубашечная ткань полотняного переплетения с крашеной основой и суровым уткомEnglish-Russian dictionary on textile and sewing industry > chambray
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31 Chambray Gingham
A cotton fabric, 36-in. wide, dyed in solid colours. Made about 64 X 64 per inch, 60's warp, 52.'s weft. -
32 work-shist chambray
English-Russian dictionary on textile and sewing industry > work-shist chambray
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33 хлопчатооумажный материал
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > хлопчатооумажный материал
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34 Lace
LACE, Passement, French, also Dentelle, and GuipureLace was originally a heavy texture more like embroidery and of two kinds, Lacis or "darned netting" and Cutwork. Laces, often worked in gold threads and coloured silks was also called " spiderwork." Lace is purely an English word, derived from the Anglo-Norman lacier, to lace, bind, tie or fasten, etc. The word appears to have been first used in 1519. It is a fabric of open mesh or net formed by crossing and intertwining threads. Lace was originally purely a hand craft, but today it is machine made as well. There are three main classes: - Point lace, pillow lace and machine-made lace. Point Lace - When the term " Point " is applied to a lace fabric it should mean that the lace has been made by the needle with a single line of thread, but it is now given to many machine-made laces. There are numerous laces sold as point laces and each has some feature not possessed by any other, many of these laces are known by the town where they are manufactured. Pillow Lace - These laces are made by intertwining threads on pins fixed in a cushion over a pattern fastened on to the cushion. Many pillow laces are part hand and part machine made such as Honiton, Valenciennes, Irish, etc. Machine-made Laces - There are three principal classes which can be placed (1) warp fabrics; (2) plain nets; (3) Levers' laces. Warp Laces - This is the earliest form of lace produced on a machine which was the invention of the Rev. William Lee in 1589, and was an adaption of the stocking frame. A warp lace is a series of upright threads that twist upon each other to form a fabric. There are no crossing threads. They are made in widths up to 10-in. and are the cheapest laces made. Plain Nets - John Heathcote, the inventor of the bobbin-net machine in 1809, laid the foundation of the machine-made lace trade. These are formed by a diagonal bobbin thread intertwining with the upright warp threads so that when the web is taken off the machine the mesh is honeycomb shaped. Other shapes followed, such as the square mesh. Cotton, silk, mohair and rayon are all used in making plain nets. Standard plain nets are as follows: - Brussels Net - Close mesh, specially selected fine yarns, in widths 36-in. to 80-in. The mesh varies up to 20 holes per inch. Both stiff and soft finish. Mosquito Net - Made in many qualities and closeness of mesh and from 54-in. to 108-in. Cable Net - Made up to 300-in. wide and from coarser yarns than other laces. This fabric is used as the ground fabric for curtains, etc. Bretonne Net - A very fine fabric, close mesh and finer yarns than Brussels, very soft and smooth finish. Point d'esprit - Fabrics with spots at regular distances. The yarns are not as good a quality as Brussels. Finished both soft and stiff. Paris Nets - Very stiff finish, used by the millinery trade for foundation work. Illusion Nets - A star-shaped mesh fabric, very fine yarns, used for veils and evening dress purposes. Silk Mechlins, or Tulles - A net more round than square in mesh and made from fine silk yarns. Malines is a tulle made in Belgium. Chantilly, or Silk Brussels - Similar to Brussels, but made from black dyed silk yarns. Chambray Nets - A finer all silk net than Chantilly. Levers' Lace Fabrics - These are various fancy laces and are produced on the lace machine fitted with a jacquard. Samuel Draper of Nottingham combined the jacquard with the lace machine in 1813. John Levers invented the machine. Varieties of these laces are Cluny laces. Torchons, Maltese lace. All-overs and numerous others. -
35 Papin, Denis
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 22 August 1647 Blois, Loire et Cher, Franced. 1712 London, England[br]French mathematician and physicist, inventor of the pressure-cooker.[br]Largely educated by his father, he worked for some time for Huygens at Ley den, then for a time in London where he assisted Robert Boyle with his experiments on the air pump. He supposedly invented the double-acting air pump. He travelled to Venice and worked there for a time, but was back in London in 1684 before taking up the position of Professor of Mathematics at the University of Marburg (in 1669 or 1670 he became a Doctor of Medicine at Angers), where he remained from 1687 to 1695. Then followed a period at Cassel, where he was employed by the Duke of Hesse. In this capacity he was much involved in the application of steam-power to pumping water for the Duke's garden fountains. Papin finally returned to London in 1707. He is best known for his "digester", none other than the domestic pressure-cooker. John Evelyn describes it in his diary (12 April 1682): "I went this Afternoone to a Supper, with severall of the R.Society, which was all dressed (both fish and flesh) in Monsieur Papins Digestorie; by which the hardest bones of Biefe itself, \& Mutton, were without water, or other liquor, \& with less than 8 ounces of Coales made as soft as Cheeze, produc'd an incredible quantity of Gravie…. This Philosophical Supper raised much mirth among us, \& exceedingly pleased all the Companie." The pressure-cooker depends on the increase in the boiling point of water with increase of pressure. To avoid the risk of the vessel exploding, Papin devised a weight-loaded lever-type safety valve.There are those who would claim that Papin preceded Newcomen as the true inventor of the steam engine. There is no doubt that as early as 1690 Papin had the idea of an atmospheric engine, in which a piston in a cylinder is forced upwards by expanding steam and then returned by the weight of the atmosphere upon the piston, but he lacked practical engineering skill such as was necessary to put theory into practice. The story is told of his last trip from Cassel, when returning to England. It is said that he built his own steamboat, intending to make the whole journey by this means, ending with a triumphal journey up the Thames. However, boatmen on the river Weser, thinking that the steamboat threatened their livelihood, attacked it and broke it up. Papin had to travel by more orthodox means. Papin is said to have co-operated with Thomas Savery in the development of the lat-ter's steam engine, on which he was working c. 1705.[br]Further ReadingCharles-Armand Klein, 1987, Denis Papin: Illustre savant blaisois, Chambray, France: CLD.A.P.M.Fleming and H.R.S.Brocklehurst, 1925, A History of Engineering.Sigvar Strandh, 1979, Machines, Mitchell Beazley.IMcN
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См. также в других словарях:
Chambray — Chambray … Wikipedia Español
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chambray — [ ʃɑ̃brɛ ] n. m. • mil. XXe; mot angl. amér. 1814; altér. de Cambrai ♦ Toile dont la chaîne est teinte en indigo et la trame écrue. Chemise, jupe en chambray. ● chambray nom masculin Textiles Sorte de fil à fil dont le fil de chaîne est souvent… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Chambray — Cham bray, n. [From Cambrai, France. Cf. {Cambric}.] A gingham woven in plain colors with linen finish. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
chambray — 1814, American English, alteration of Cambrai, city in France (formerly Flanders) where the cloth originally was made. Cf. CAMBRIC (Cf. cambric) … Etymology dictionary
chambray — ► NOUN ▪ a linen finished gingham cloth with a white weft and a coloured warp. ORIGIN from Cambrai (see CAMBRIC(Cf. ↑cambric)) … English terms dictionary
chambray — ☆ chambray [sham′brā΄ ] n. [var. of CAMBRIC] a smooth fabric of cotton, etc., made by weaving white or unbleached threads across a colored warp: used for dresses, shirts, etc … English World dictionary
Chambray — For the textile, see cambric. Chambray … Wikipedia
Chambray — 49° 04′ 33″ N 1° 18′ 25″ E / 49.0758333333, 1.30694444444 … Wikipédia en Français
Chambray — Cham|bray* [ʃam brɛ:] der; s, s <aus gleichbed. amerik. chambray, wohl nach der franz. Stadt Cambrai> leichtes Baumwollgewebe in Leinwandbindung mit farbigen Schuss u. weißen Kettfäden … Das große Fremdwörterbuch
Chambray-lés-Tours — Chambray lès Tours … Deutsch Wikipedia