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caussa

  • 1 caussa

        caussa    see causa.
    * * *
    I
    for the sake/purpose of (preceded by GEN.), on account of, with a view to
    II
    cause/reason/motive; origin, source, derivation; responsibility/blame; symptom; occasion, subject; plea, position; lawsuit, case, trial; proviso/stipulation

    Latin-English dictionary > caussa

  • 2 caussa

    caussa, caussālis, caussārĭus, etc., v. causa, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caussa

  • 3 causa (caussa)

        causa (caussa) ae, f    [1 CAV-], a cause, reason, motive, inducement, occasion, opportunity: te causae inpellebant leves, T.: obscura: accedit illa quoque causa: causa, quam ob rem, etc., T.: satis esse causa, quā re, etc., Cs.: si causa nulla est, cur, etc.: causa quod, etc.: ea est causa, ut cloacae subeant, etc., L.: quid causae est quin: nulla causa est quin: causa quo minus, S.: is, qui causa mortis fuit: morbi, V.: nos causa belli sumus, L.: rerum cognoscere causas, V.: Vera obiurgandi causa, T.—Poet.: Bacchus et ad culpam causas dedit (i. e. culparum causa fuit), V.: consurgere in arma, V.: quae rebus sit causa novandis, V.: meo subscribi causa sepulchro, i. e. of my death, O. — In phrases: cum causā, with good reason: sine causā, without good reason: sine ullā apertā causā: his de causis, Cs.: quā de causā: quā ex causa: eā causā, S.: ob eam causam, Cs.: ob eam ipsam causam: quam ob causam, N.: propter eam quam dixi causam: in causā haec sunt, are responsible: vim morbi in causā esse, quo, etc., L.: non paucitatem... causae fuisse cogitabant, to have been the cause, Cs.—Esp., abl. with gen. or possess. adj., on account of, for the sake of: alqm honoris causā nominare, with due respect: omnium nostrum causā: vitandae suspitionis causā: meā causā, T.: meāpte causā, T.: vestrā reique p. causā: vestrarum sedum templorumque causā; cf. quod illi semper sui causā fecerant: additur illius hoc iam causā, quicum agitur.—Meton., an apology, excuse: non causam dico quin ferat, etc., T.: causas nequiquam nectis inanīs, V.—Poet.: Et geminas, causam lacrimis, sacraverat aras, i. e. a place to weep, V.—A feigned cause, pretext, pretence: fingit causas ne det, T.: morae causas facere, reasons for the delay, S.: causas innecte morandi, V.: inferre causam, Cs.: bellandi, N.: per causam exercendorum remigum, under the pretext, Cs.: per causam renovati belli, L.: gratiam per hanc causam conciliare.—In law, a cause, judicial process, lawsuit: causam agere: publicam dicere: proferre: perdere: tenere, O.: causae actor accessi: causam dicere, to defend (oneself or as advocate): linguam causis acuere, for pleading, H.: extra causam esse, not to the point: plura extra causam dixisse: atque peracta est causa prior, i. e. the hearing before the decision, O.—A side, party, faction, cause: condemnare causam illam: et causam et hominem probare, Cs.: publica, the common weal, O.—A relation of friendship, connection: omnes causae et necessitudines veteres: quae mihi sit causa cum Caesare. —A condition, state, situation, relation, position: num enim aliā in causā M. Cato fuit, aliā ceteri, etc.: in eādem causā fuerunt, Cs.: in meliore causā. — A commission, business undertaken, employment: cui senatus dederat publice causam, ut mihi gratias ageret: super tali causā eodem missi, N.—In rhet., a concrete question, case for discussion.

    Latin-English dictionary > causa (caussa)

  • 4 caussalis

    caussa, caussālis, caussārĭus, etc., v. causa, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caussalis

  • 5 caussarius

    caussa, caussālis, caussārĭus, etc., v. causa, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caussarius

  • 6 adtingo

    at-tingo (not adt-), tĭgi, tactum, 3, v. a. [tango] (ante-class. form attĭgo, ĕre, v. infra; attinge = attingam, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Müll.; v. Müll. ad h. l.; concerning attigo, āre, v. fin.), to touch, come in contact with; constr. with the acc.; poet. with ad.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.: mento summam aquam, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10: vestem, Att. ap. Non. p. 75, 32:

    Egone Argivum imperium attingam,

    id. Trag. Rel. p. 166 Rib.:

    suaviter (omnia) attingunt,

    Lucr. 4, 623:

    nec enim ullum hoc frigidius flumen attigi,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    prius quam aries murum attigisset,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 32:

    pedibus terram,

    Nep. Eum. 5, 5:

    quisquis (vas) attigerit,

    Vulg. Lev. 15, 23:

    nos nihil tuorum attigimus,

    id. Gen. 26, 29:

    (medicus) pulsum venarum attigit,

    Tac. A. 6, 50:

    se esse possessorem soli, quod primum Divus Augustus nascens attigisset,

    Suet. Aug. 5 (cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 46: Tactaque nascenti corpus haberet humus, acc. to the practice of laying new-born children upon the ground; v. tollo).— Poet.: (Callisto) miles erat Phoebes, nec Maenalon attigit ( nor did there touch, set foot on) ulla Gratior hac Triviae, Ov. M. 2, 415:

    usque ad caelum attingebat stans in terrā,

    Vulg. Sap. 18, 16.—
    B.
    With partic. access. ideas.
    1.
    To touch by striking, to strike; rarely in a hostile manner, to attack, assault:

    ne me attingas,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 106;

    ne attigas me,

    id. Truc. 2, 2, 21:

    ne attigas puerum istac caussā,

    id. Bacch. 3, 3, 41 (quoted by Non. p. 75, 33):

    Si tu illam attigeris secus quam dignumst liberam,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 91.—Of lightning: ICTV. FVLMINIS. ARBORES. ATTACTAE. ARDVERINT., Fragm. Fratr. Arval. Inscr. Orell. 961; cf.

    Fest. s. v. scribonianum, p. 333 Müll., and s. v. obstitum, p. 193: si Vestinus attingeretur, i. e. ei bellum indiceretur,

    Liv. 8, 29; so Suet. Ner. 38.—
    2.
    In mal. part., aliquam, to touch:

    virginem,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 61; Cat. 67, 20.—
    3.
    To touch in eating, to taste, crop:

    nulla neque amnem Libavit quadrupes, nec graminis attigit herbam,

    Verg. E. 5, 26.—
    4.
    Of local relations, to come to a place, to approach, reach, arrive at (class.;

    esp. freq. in the histt.): aedīs ne attigatis,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 37:

    ut primum Asiam attigisti,

    Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    cum primis navibus Britanniam attigit,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

    Siciliam,

    Nep. Dion, 5, 3:

    Syriam ac legiones,

    Tac. A. 2, 55:

    saltuosos locos,

    id. ib. 4, 45:

    Urbem,

    id. Or. 7 fin.:

    In paucis diebus quam Capreus attigit etc.,

    Suet. Tib. 60; id. Calig. 44; id. Vesp. 4 al.—
    5.
    Transf., to touch, lie near, border upon, be contiguous to:

    Theseus... Attigit injusti regis Gortynia tecta,

    Cat. 64, 75:

    Cappadociae regio, quae Ciliciam attingeret,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4; id. Pis. 16 fin.:

    (stomachus) utrāque ex parte tonsillas attingens, etc.,

    id. N. D. 2, 54, 135:

    eorum fines Nervii attingebant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

    ITEM. COLLEGIA. QVAE. ATTINGVNT. EIDEM. FORO,

    Inscr. Orell. 3314:

    attingere parietem,

    Vulg. Ezech. 41, 6.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to touch, affect, reach:

    nec desiderium nos attigit,

    Lucr. 3, 922 ( adficit, Lachm.):

    ante quam voluptas aut dolor attigerit,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 5, 16:

    nimirum me alia quoque causa delectat, quae te non attingit,

    id. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

    quo studio providit, ne qua me illius temporis invidia attingeret,

    id. Fam. 3, 10, 10:

    si qua de Pompeio nostro tuendo... cura te attingit,

    id. Att. 9, 11, A:

    erant perpauci, quos ea infamia attingeret, Liv 27, 11, 6: cupidus attingere gaudia,

    to feel, Prop. 1, 19, 9:

    vox, sonus, attigit aures,

    Val. Fl. 2, 452; Claud. B. Get: 412; Manil. 1, 326.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    To touch upon in speaking, etc., to mention slightly:

    paucis rem,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 11:

    summatim attingere,

    Lucr. 3, 261:

    ut meos quoque attingam,

    Cat. 39, 13:

    quod perquam breviter perstrinxi atque attigi,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 201; id. Fam. 2, 4 fin.:

    si tantummodo summas attigero,

    Nep. Pelop. 1, 1:

    invitus ea, tamquam vulnera, attingo, sed nisi tacta tractataque sanari non possunt,

    Liv. 28, 27:

    ut seditionem attigit,

    Tac. A. 1, 35:

    familiae (Galbae) breviter attingam,

    Suet. Galb. 3 al. —
    2.
    To touch, i. e. to undertake, enter upon some course of action (esp. mental), to apply one's self to, be occupied with, engage in, to take in hand, manage:

    quae isti rhetores ne primoribus quidem labris attigissent,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 87; cf. id. Cael. 12; id. Arch. 8:

    egomet, qui sero ac leviter Graecas litteras attigissem,

    id. de Or. 1, 18, 82:

    orationes,

    id. Or. 13, 41:

    poëticen,

    Nep. Att. 18, 5; so Suet. Aug. 85:

    liberales disciplinas omnes,

    id. Ner. 52:

    studia,

    id. Gram. 9:

    ut primum forum attigi, i. e. accessi, adii,

    applied myself to public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

    arma,

    Liv. 3, 19:

    militiam resque bellicas,

    Suet. Calig. 43:

    curam rei publicae,

    id. Tib. 13:

    ad Venerem seram,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 701.—
    3.
    (Acc. to I. B. 4.) To arrive somewhere:

    quod ab illo attigisset nuntius,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 19 (cf. id. ib. 3, 5, 3: si a me tetigit nuntius).—
    4.
    (Acc. to I. B. 5.) To come near to in quality, to be similar; or to belong to, appertain to, to concern, relate to:

    quae nihil attingunt ad rem nec sunt usui,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 32:

    haec quemque attigit,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 20:

    attingit animi naturam corporis similitudo,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 30; id. Fam. 13, 7, 4; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1:

    quae non magis legis nomen attingunt, quam si latrones aliqua sanxerint,

    id. Leg. 2, 5:

    Segestana, Centuripina civitas, quae cum officiis, fide, vetustate, tum etiam cognatione populi Romani nomen attingunt,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 32:

    (labor) non attingit deum,

    id. N. D. 1, 9, 22:

    primus ille (locus), qui in veri cognitione consistit, maxime naturam attingit humanam,

    id. Off. 1, 6, 18; id. Tusc. 5, 33, 93; id. Fin. 5, 9.—
    * 5.
    Si quid eam humanitus attigisset (for the usu. euphemism, accidisset), if any misfortune had happened to her, App. Mag. p. 337.
    ► Ne me attiga atque aufer manum, Turp.
    ap. Non. p. 75, 30 dub. (Rib. here reads attigas, Com. Rel. p. 98): custodite istunc, ne attigat, Pac., Trag. Rel. p. 105 Rib.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adtingo

  • 7 attingo

    at-tingo (not adt-), tĭgi, tactum, 3, v. a. [tango] (ante-class. form attĭgo, ĕre, v. infra; attinge = attingam, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Müll.; v. Müll. ad h. l.; concerning attigo, āre, v. fin.), to touch, come in contact with; constr. with the acc.; poet. with ad.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.: mento summam aquam, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10: vestem, Att. ap. Non. p. 75, 32:

    Egone Argivum imperium attingam,

    id. Trag. Rel. p. 166 Rib.:

    suaviter (omnia) attingunt,

    Lucr. 4, 623:

    nec enim ullum hoc frigidius flumen attigi,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    prius quam aries murum attigisset,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 32:

    pedibus terram,

    Nep. Eum. 5, 5:

    quisquis (vas) attigerit,

    Vulg. Lev. 15, 23:

    nos nihil tuorum attigimus,

    id. Gen. 26, 29:

    (medicus) pulsum venarum attigit,

    Tac. A. 6, 50:

    se esse possessorem soli, quod primum Divus Augustus nascens attigisset,

    Suet. Aug. 5 (cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 46: Tactaque nascenti corpus haberet humus, acc. to the practice of laying new-born children upon the ground; v. tollo).— Poet.: (Callisto) miles erat Phoebes, nec Maenalon attigit ( nor did there touch, set foot on) ulla Gratior hac Triviae, Ov. M. 2, 415:

    usque ad caelum attingebat stans in terrā,

    Vulg. Sap. 18, 16.—
    B.
    With partic. access. ideas.
    1.
    To touch by striking, to strike; rarely in a hostile manner, to attack, assault:

    ne me attingas,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 106;

    ne attigas me,

    id. Truc. 2, 2, 21:

    ne attigas puerum istac caussā,

    id. Bacch. 3, 3, 41 (quoted by Non. p. 75, 33):

    Si tu illam attigeris secus quam dignumst liberam,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 91.—Of lightning: ICTV. FVLMINIS. ARBORES. ATTACTAE. ARDVERINT., Fragm. Fratr. Arval. Inscr. Orell. 961; cf.

    Fest. s. v. scribonianum, p. 333 Müll., and s. v. obstitum, p. 193: si Vestinus attingeretur, i. e. ei bellum indiceretur,

    Liv. 8, 29; so Suet. Ner. 38.—
    2.
    In mal. part., aliquam, to touch:

    virginem,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 61; Cat. 67, 20.—
    3.
    To touch in eating, to taste, crop:

    nulla neque amnem Libavit quadrupes, nec graminis attigit herbam,

    Verg. E. 5, 26.—
    4.
    Of local relations, to come to a place, to approach, reach, arrive at (class.;

    esp. freq. in the histt.): aedīs ne attigatis,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 37:

    ut primum Asiam attigisti,

    Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    cum primis navibus Britanniam attigit,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

    Siciliam,

    Nep. Dion, 5, 3:

    Syriam ac legiones,

    Tac. A. 2, 55:

    saltuosos locos,

    id. ib. 4, 45:

    Urbem,

    id. Or. 7 fin.:

    In paucis diebus quam Capreus attigit etc.,

    Suet. Tib. 60; id. Calig. 44; id. Vesp. 4 al.—
    5.
    Transf., to touch, lie near, border upon, be contiguous to:

    Theseus... Attigit injusti regis Gortynia tecta,

    Cat. 64, 75:

    Cappadociae regio, quae Ciliciam attingeret,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4; id. Pis. 16 fin.:

    (stomachus) utrāque ex parte tonsillas attingens, etc.,

    id. N. D. 2, 54, 135:

    eorum fines Nervii attingebant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

    ITEM. COLLEGIA. QVAE. ATTINGVNT. EIDEM. FORO,

    Inscr. Orell. 3314:

    attingere parietem,

    Vulg. Ezech. 41, 6.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to touch, affect, reach:

    nec desiderium nos attigit,

    Lucr. 3, 922 ( adficit, Lachm.):

    ante quam voluptas aut dolor attigerit,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 5, 16:

    nimirum me alia quoque causa delectat, quae te non attingit,

    id. Leg. 2, 1, 3:

    quo studio providit, ne qua me illius temporis invidia attingeret,

    id. Fam. 3, 10, 10:

    si qua de Pompeio nostro tuendo... cura te attingit,

    id. Att. 9, 11, A:

    erant perpauci, quos ea infamia attingeret, Liv 27, 11, 6: cupidus attingere gaudia,

    to feel, Prop. 1, 19, 9:

    vox, sonus, attigit aures,

    Val. Fl. 2, 452; Claud. B. Get: 412; Manil. 1, 326.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    To touch upon in speaking, etc., to mention slightly:

    paucis rem,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 11:

    summatim attingere,

    Lucr. 3, 261:

    ut meos quoque attingam,

    Cat. 39, 13:

    quod perquam breviter perstrinxi atque attigi,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 49, 201; id. Fam. 2, 4 fin.:

    si tantummodo summas attigero,

    Nep. Pelop. 1, 1:

    invitus ea, tamquam vulnera, attingo, sed nisi tacta tractataque sanari non possunt,

    Liv. 28, 27:

    ut seditionem attigit,

    Tac. A. 1, 35:

    familiae (Galbae) breviter attingam,

    Suet. Galb. 3 al. —
    2.
    To touch, i. e. to undertake, enter upon some course of action (esp. mental), to apply one's self to, be occupied with, engage in, to take in hand, manage:

    quae isti rhetores ne primoribus quidem labris attigissent,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 87; cf. id. Cael. 12; id. Arch. 8:

    egomet, qui sero ac leviter Graecas litteras attigissem,

    id. de Or. 1, 18, 82:

    orationes,

    id. Or. 13, 41:

    poëticen,

    Nep. Att. 18, 5; so Suet. Aug. 85:

    liberales disciplinas omnes,

    id. Ner. 52:

    studia,

    id. Gram. 9:

    ut primum forum attigi, i. e. accessi, adii,

    applied myself to public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

    arma,

    Liv. 3, 19:

    militiam resque bellicas,

    Suet. Calig. 43:

    curam rei publicae,

    id. Tib. 13:

    ad Venerem seram,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 701.—
    3.
    (Acc. to I. B. 4.) To arrive somewhere:

    quod ab illo attigisset nuntius,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 19 (cf. id. ib. 3, 5, 3: si a me tetigit nuntius).—
    4.
    (Acc. to I. B. 5.) To come near to in quality, to be similar; or to belong to, appertain to, to concern, relate to:

    quae nihil attingunt ad rem nec sunt usui,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 32:

    haec quemque attigit,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 20:

    attingit animi naturam corporis similitudo,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 30; id. Fam. 13, 7, 4; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1:

    quae non magis legis nomen attingunt, quam si latrones aliqua sanxerint,

    id. Leg. 2, 5:

    Segestana, Centuripina civitas, quae cum officiis, fide, vetustate, tum etiam cognatione populi Romani nomen attingunt,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 32:

    (labor) non attingit deum,

    id. N. D. 1, 9, 22:

    primus ille (locus), qui in veri cognitione consistit, maxime naturam attingit humanam,

    id. Off. 1, 6, 18; id. Tusc. 5, 33, 93; id. Fin. 5, 9.—
    * 5.
    Si quid eam humanitus attigisset (for the usu. euphemism, accidisset), if any misfortune had happened to her, App. Mag. p. 337.
    ► Ne me attiga atque aufer manum, Turp.
    ap. Non. p. 75, 30 dub. (Rib. here reads attigas, Com. Rel. p. 98): custodite istunc, ne attigat, Pac., Trag. Rel. p. 105 Rib.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > attingo

  • 8 casabundus

    cāsābundus (in the best MSS. cassāb-, on account of the first long a, like cassus, caussa, Juppiter, etc.), a, um, adj. [caso], ready to fall, tottering, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 53 Müll.; Macr. S. 5, 21, 16; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 48 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > casabundus

  • 9 causa

    causa (by Cicero, and also a little after him, caussa, Quint. 1, 7, 20; so Fast. Praenest. pp. 321, 322; Inscr. Orell. 3681; 4077; 4698 al.; in Mon. Ancyr. 3, 1 dub.), ae, f. [perh. root cav- of caveo, prop. that which is defended or protected; cf. cura], that by, on account of, or through which any thing takes place or is done; a cause, reason, motive, inducement; also, in gen., an occasion, opportunity (opp. effectis, Quint. 6, 3, 66; 7, 3, 29:

    factis,

    id. 4, 2, 52; 12, 1, 36 al.; very freq. in all periods, and in all kinds of discourse. In its different meanings syn. with ratio, principium, fons, origo, caput; excusatio, defensio; judicium, controversia, lis; partes, actio; condicio, negotium, commodum, al.).
    I.
    In gen.: causa ea est, quae id efficit, cujus est causa; ut vulnus mortis; cruditas morbi;

    ignis ardoris. Itaque non sic causa intellegi debet, ut quod cuique antecedat, id ei causa sit, sed quod cuique efficienter antecedat,

    Cic. Fat. 15, 34:

    justa et magna et perspicua,

    id. Rosc. Am. 14, 40: id. Phil. 2, 22, 53; id. Att. 16, 7, 6:

    sontica causa, v. sonticus.—Followed by a particle of cause: causa, quamobrem, etc.,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 18; id. Eun. 1, 2, 65; id. [p. 304] Heaut. 2, 3, 95; id. Hec. 3, 3, 22; 3, 5, 2; 4, 4, 73; Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 44:

    causa, quare, etc.,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60:

    causa, cur, etc.,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 10; Quint. 11, 3, 16; 2, 3, 11; Hor. C. 1, 16, 19 al.:

    causa quod, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 109; id. Phil. 6, 1, 1; Quint. 2, 1, 1; 5, 10, 30 al.:

    ut, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 7; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 6; Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4 al.:

    haud causa quin, etc.,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 4:

    quae causa est quin,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 103:

    quid causae est quin,

    Ter. And. 3, 4, 21; Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; Hor. S. 1, 1, 20:

    nulla causa est quin,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 1:

    causa quominus,

    Sall. C. 51, 41; Liv. 34, 56, 9:

    causa ne,

    id. 34, 39, 9:

    nihil causae est cur non, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 3, 59:

    causae propter quas, etc.,

    id. 4, 2, 12; 5, 7, 24; 8, 6, 23.—With gen. obj.:

    is, qui causa mortis fuit,

    Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 7; Liv. 21, 21, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 18; 7, 4, 42:

    salutis,

    Lucr. 3, 349:

    morbi,

    id. 3, 502; Verg. G. 4, 397; Hor. C. 2, 2, 14:

    nos causa belli sumus,

    Liv. 1, 13, 3:

    causa mortis fuistis,

    Quint. 7, 3, 32; Sen. Ira, 2, 27, 3:

    explicandae philosophiae,

    Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6:

    nec vero umquam bellorum civilium semen et causa deerit,

    id. Off. 2, 8, 29; so,

    belli,

    Sall. C. 2, 2; Verg. A. 7, 553; Hor. C. 2, 1, 2; id. S. 1, 3, 108; id. Ep. 1, 2, 9:

    felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas,

    Verg. G. 2, 490:

    vera objurgandi causa,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 131; cf. with ad:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 123; id. Hec. 4, 4, 71; and poet. with inf.:

    consurgere in arma,

    Verg. A. 10, 90:

    perire,

    Tib. 3, 2, 30:

    gestare carinas,

    Luc. 5, 464.— With prepp.:

    cum causā,

    with good reason, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4:

    sine causā,

    without good reason, Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. Fat. 9, 18; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; id. Att. 13, 22, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 35; 1, 12, 9:

    his de causis,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6:

    id nisi gravi de causā non fecisset,

    id. ib. 7, 7, 3:

    justis de causis,

    id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:

    quā de causā,

    id. Off. 1, 41, 147; id. Ac. 1, 12, 43; Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

    quibus de causis,

    Quint. 4, 2, 15;

    less freq. in ante-Aug. prose: quā ex causa,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13; id. Mur. 17, 36; but very freq. in Quint., Sen., and the younger Plin.; so,

    nullā aliā ex causā,

    Sen. Ep. 29, 1:

    multis ex causis,

    Quint. 5, 12, 3:

    quibus ex causis,

    id. 4, 2, 15; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 8:

    ex plurimis causis,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 6:

    ex his (causis),

    id. ib. 5, 8, 6:—ob eam causam scribo, ut, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4:

    illa festinatio fuit ob illam causam, ne, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 99; Nep. Milt. 6, 2:

    ob eam causam, quia, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51:

    ob eas causas,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    ob eam ipsam causam,

    Cic. Brut. 7, 29:

    quam ob causam,

    Nep. Paus. 2, 6:

    propter eam quam dixi causam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110:

    causae propter quas,

    Quint. 4, 2, 12.—In causā esse, to be the cause of, responsible for, etc. (rare):

    in causā haec sunt,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

    vim morbi in causā esse, quo serius perficeretur,

    Liv. 40, 26, 5:

    verecundiam multis in causā fuisse, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 12, 5, 2; Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 3; 7, 5, 1; Plin. 9, 30, 49, § 94; cf.:

    tarditatis causa in senatu fuit,

    Liv. 4, 58, 4.—
    b.
    Causā, in abl. with gen. or possess. adj. (usu. put after the noun), as patris causā, meā causā, on account of, for the sake of (in the best prose, almost always referring to the future, and implying a purpose; cf. propter with acc. of the pre-existing cause or motive):

    honoris tui causā huc ad te venimus,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 25; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35; Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2 al.:

    animi causa, v. animus, II., etc.: exempli causā, v. exemplum: causā meā,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 47; id. Poen. 1, 2, 160; id. Am. 1, 3, 42 al.; Ter. Heaut. prol. 41; 5, 5, 23 al.;

    causā meāpte,

    id. ib. 4, 3, 8:

    nostra causa,

    id. Phorm. 4, 4, 14; Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120; Quint. 7, 4, 9:

    vestrā magis hoc causā volebam quam meā,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 35. 162:

    aliena potius causa quam sua,

    Quint. 3, 7, 16.—Put before the noun:

    rastros capsit causă potiendi agri,

    Enn. Ann. 324 Vahl.:

    quidquid hujus feci, causā virginis Feci,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 122; so Liv. 26, 32, 6; 31, 12, 4; 39, 14, 8; 40, 41 fin.; 40, 44, 10.—Rarely with propter in the same sense:

    vestrarum sedum templorumque causā, propter salutem meorum civium,

    Cic. Sest. 20, 45.—With gen. of pers. or reflex. pron. instead of possess. very rare (v. Lahmeyer ad Cic. Lael. 16, 57):

    quod illi semper sui causā fecerant,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 121.
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    = justa causa, good reason, just cause, full right:

    cum causā accedere ad accusandum,

    with good reason, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; so,

    cum causā,

    id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4; 3, 16, 7;

    and the contrary: sine causā,

    without good reason, Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2 al.—
    B.
    An apology, excuse, Cato, R. R. 2, 2; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 92; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 42; Cic. Fam. 16, 19 fin.; Verg. A. 9, 219 al.—
    C.
    Causam alicui dare alicujus rei, occasion:

    qui (Nebatius) mihi dedit causam harum litterarum,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 8;

    for which poët.: Bacchus et ad culpam causas dedit,

    Verg. G. 2, 455 Forbig. ad loc.—
    D.
    A feigned cause, a pretext, pretence, = praetextus, prophasis:

    habere causam,

    Plaut. As. 4, 1, 44:

    fingere falsas causas,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71; id. And. 1, 3, 8 Ruhnk.; 4, 1, 18; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 4:

    fingit causas ne det,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 58; cf. Tib. 1, 6, 11:

    morae facere,

    to pretend reasons for the delay, Sall. J. 36, 2:

    inferre causam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 2:

    causam interponere,

    Nep. Them. 7, 1; cf. id. Milt. 4, 1:

    bellandi,

    id. Ham. 3, 1:

    belli,

    Tac. A. 12, 45:

    jurgii,

    Phaedr. 1, 1, 4 al. (On the other hand, causa, a true cause, is opp. to praetextus, a pretext, Suet. Caes. 30.)—So freq. per causam, under the pretext, Caes. B. C. 3, 24; 3, 76; 3, 87; Liv. 2, 32, 1 Drak.; 22, 61, 8; Suet. Caes. 2; id. Oth. 3; id. Vesp. 1; Tib. 1, 6, 26; Ov. H. 20, 140; id. Tr. 2, 452.—
    E.
    In judic. lang. t. t., a cause, judicial process, lawsuit:

    privatae,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    publicae,

    id. de Or. 3, 20, 74; id. Rosc. Am. 21, 59:

    capitis aut famae,

    id. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

    causam agere,

    id. de Or. 2, 48, 199; Quint. 6, 1, 54; 7, 2, 55; 10, 7, 30;

    11, 1, 67 et saep.: constituere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:

    perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77:

    defendere,

    Quint. 3, 6, 9; 12, 1, 24; 12, 1, 37; Suet. Caes. 49:

    exponere,

    Quint. 2, 5, 7:

    perdere,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 10:

    obtinere,

    id. Fam. 1, 4, 1:

    tenere (= obticere),

    Ov. M. 13, 190: causā cadere, v. cado, II.: causam dicere, to defend one ' s self, or to make a defence (as an advocate), Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 12 and 13; 21, 54; id. Sest. 8, 18; id. Quint. 8, 31; Liv. 29, 19, 5; Quint. 5, 11, 39; 8, 2, 24; Suet. Caes. 30 et saep.— Poet.: causa prior, the first part of the process, i. e. the trial, Ov. M. 15, 37.—Hence,
    2.
    Out of the sphere of judicial proceedings, the party, faction, cause that one defends:

    ne condemnare causam illam, quam secutus esset, videretur, etc.,

    Cic. Lig. 9, 27 sq.:

    suarum partium causa,

    Quint. 3, 8, 57:

    causa Caesaris melior,

    id. 5, 11, 42; Tac. A. 1, 36 al. —Hence,
    b.
    Meton.
    (α).
    A relation of friendship, connection:

    quīcum tibi adfininitas, societas, omnes denique causae et necessitudines veteres intercedebant,

    Cic. Quint. 15, 48:

    explicare breviter, quae mihi sit ratio et causa cum Caesare,

    id. Prov. Cons. 17, 40; id. Fam. 13, 19, 1.—
    (β).
    In gen., = condicio, a condition, state, situation, relation, position:

    ut nonnumquam mortem sibi ipse consciscere aliquis debeat, alius in eādem causā non debeat: num enim aliā in causā M. Cato fuit, alia ceteri, qui se in Africā Caesari tradiderunt?

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 112; so Caes. B. G. 4, 4 Herz.:

    (Regulus) erat in meliore causā quam, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 3, 2, 9 (where for causa in the foll. clause is condicio):

    atque in hoc genere mea causa est, ut, etc.,

    id. Fam. 2, 4, 1; cf. id. ib. 9, 13, 1.—
    (γ).
    = negotium, a cause, business undertaken for any one, an employment:

    cui senatus dederat publice causam, ut mihi gratias ageret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 170:

    quod nemo eorum rediisset, qui super tali causā eodem missi erant,

    Nep. Paus. 4, 1.—
    F.
    In medic. lang., a cause for disease:

    causam metuere,

    Cels. 3, 3; so Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 11 fin.; Plin. 28, 15, 61, § 218.—Hence in late Lat. for disease, Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 10, 95; id. Acut. 2, 29, 157; Veg. 1, 25, 1; 3, 6, 11; 3, 45, 5; 4, 4, 2 al.—
    G.
    That which lies at the basis of a rhetorical representation, matter, subject, hupothesis, Cic. Top. 21, 79; id. Inv. 1, 6, 8; Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18; Quint. 3, 5, 7 sq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > causa

  • 10 cujus

    1.
    cūjus (archaic quōjus), a, um, pron. interrog. [pronom. stem quo-], pertaining to whom? of whom? whose? (most freq. in Plaut. and Ter.):

    quoja vox sonat procul?

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 18; id. Ps. 2, 4, 11; id. Rud. 2, 3, 2; id. Trin. 1, 2, 7:

    illa mulier,

    id. Merc. 4, 3, 20; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 87:

    fidicina,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 109:

    virgo,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 29:

    puer,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 24:

    navis,

    Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 46:

    cujum pecus? an Meliboei?

    Verg. E. 3, 1; 5, 87.— Absol.:

    quojam esse te vis maxime, ad eum duco te,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 4, 5; so id. Cist. 3, 2:

    is Helenam abduxit, quojā caussā nunc facio opsidium Ilio,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 24:

    suamne esse dicebat?... non... quojam igitur?

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 29; cf.: cujā operā, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 81, 31.—
    (β).
    With a suffixed nam:

    quojanam vox prope me sonat?

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 55.
    2.
    cūjus (archaic quōjus), a, um, pron. rel. [from cujus, gen. of qui], pertaining to whom, of whom, whose (rare): cujum id censebis esse reddes, ancient form of an oath in Gell. 16, 4, 2; cf.:

    argentum ego pro istisce ambabus, quojae erant, domino dedi,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 40: is denique, cuja ea uxor fuerat, Plin. Secundus, Fragm. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5: ea caedes si potissimum crimini datur, detur ei cuja interfuit, non ei cuja nihil interfuit, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 950 P.:

    ut optimā condicione sit is, cuja res, cujum periculum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 142.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cujus

  • 11 lateo

    lătĕo, ŭi, 2, v. n. [Sanscr. root rah-, forsake; rahas, loneliness, concealment; Gr. LATh lanthanô], to lurk, be or lie hid or concealed, to skulk (class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    ubi sunt, ubi latent,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 69:

    cochleae in occulto latent,

    id. Capt. 1, 1, 12; cf. Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21: occulte, id. [p. 1039] Agr. 2, 16, 41:

    clam,

    Ov. R. Am. 437:

    abdite,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 181:

    in tenebris,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 2, § 9:

    sub nomine pacis bellum latet,

    id. Phil. 12, 7, 17:

    scelus latet inter tot flagitia,

    id. Rosc. Am. 40, 118:

    non latuit scintilla ingenii,

    id. Rep. 2, 21, 37; 40, 67:

    naves latent portu,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 19; cf.:

    tuta arce,

    Verg. A. 10, 805.—Prov.:

    latet anguis in herba,

    Verg. E. 3, 93.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To be hidden, to be in safety:

    sub umbra amicitiae Romae,

    Liv. 34, 9, 10; Phaedr. 4, 5, 13:

    sub illius umbra Philotas latebam,

    lurked, Curt. 6, 10, 22.—
    2.
    Jurid., to lie hid, keep out of sight, in order not to appear before court, Cic. Quint. 23, 74.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to live in concealment, to live retired (rare): crede mihi, bene qui latuit, bene vixit, to lead a retired or quiet life, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 25.—
    B.
    In partic., analog. to the Gr. lanthanein, res latet, to be concealed from, be unknown to one.
    (α).
    with acc. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic.; cf.:

    fugit me, praeterit me, etc.): latet plerosque, siderum ignes esse, etc.,

    Plin. 2, 20, 18, § 82:

    nec latuere doli fratrem Junonis,

    Verg. A. 1, 130:

    nil illum latet,

    Ov. P. 4, 9, 126:

    res Eumenem non latuit,

    Just. 13, 8, 6; 31, 2, 2:

    semen duplex, unum, quod latet nostrum sensum, alterum, quod apertum,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 40.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    quae et oculis et auribus latere soleant,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 92 Müll.:

    ubi nobis haec auctoritas tamdiu tanta latuit?

    Cic. Red. in Sen. 6, 13:

    hostique propinquo Roma latet,

    Sil. 12, 614.—
    (γ).
    Absol., to be concealed or obscure, to be unknown:

    earum causarum aliae sunt perspicuae, aliae latent,

    Cic. Top. 17, 63:

    cum laterent hae partes (sc. Galliae),

    Amm. 15, 11, 1:

    quae tantum accenderit ignem, Causa latet,

    Verg. A. 5, 5:

    id qua ratione consecutus sit, latet,

    Nep. Lys. 1.—Hence, lătens, entis, P. a., lying hid, hidden, concealed, secret, unknown:

    saxa latentia,

    Verg. A. 1, 108:

    junctura,

    Plin. 13, 15, 29, § 93:

    rem latentem explicare definiendo,

    Cic. Brut. 41, 152:

    animus in aegro corpore,

    Juv. 9, 18:

    causas tentare latentes,

    Verg. A. 3, 32:

    Tarquinius mandata latentia nati accipit,

    Ov. F. 2, 705. — Comp.:

    latentior origo,

    Aug. de Gen. ad Litt. 12, 18: caussa, id. Civ. Dei, 5, 19.— Absol.:

    in latenti,

    in secret, secretly, Dig. 1, 2, 2.—Hence, adv.: lătenter, in secret, secretly, privately:

    efficere,

    Cic. Top. 17, 63:

    amare,

    Ov. P. 3, 6, 59:

    intellegere ex aliqua re,

    Gell. 2, 18 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > lateo

  • 12 Liberalis

    1.
    lībĕrālis, e, adj. [1. liber], of or belonging to freedom, relating to the freeborn condition of a man.
    I.
    Lit.: liberalis causa or liberale judicium, a suit concerning a person's freedom, v. Dig. 40, 12, 1 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1 sqq.:

    si quisquam hanc liberali caussa manu adsereret,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 4; cf.

    5, 2, 68: manu eas adserat liberali causa,

    id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:

    nam ego liberali illam assero causa manu,

    I formally assert that she is freeborn, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40:

    judicium,

    Quint. 6, 3, 32:

    liberale conjugium,

    a marriage between persons of free condition, Ter. And. 3, 3, 29.—Pleon.:

    ego te hoc triduom numquam sinam in domo esse, quin ego te liberalem liberem,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 53.—
    II.
    Transf., befitting a freeman, gentlemanly, noble, noble-minded, honorable, ingenuous, gracious, kind (syn.: generosus, ingenuus).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ingenium,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; id. Ep. 1, 1, 41:

    artes liberales,

    befitting a freeman, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.: liberalia studia accipimus, quae Graeci eleutheria mathêmata appellant;

    rhetores continebuntur, grammatici, geometrae,

    Dig. 50, 13, 1:

    hae artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometria, musica, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; cf.:

    omnis liberalis et digna homine nobili doctrina,

    id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

    de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint,

    id. Off. 1, 42, 150:

    liberalissima studia,

    id. Arch. 3, 4; id. Cael. 21 52; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:

    spes liberalioris fortunae,

    of a higher, more respectable station, Liv. 22, 26:

    responsum,

    kind, gracious, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; so, liberalibus verbis permulceri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 871 P.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Bountiful, generous, munificent, liberal (syn. munificus):

    liberales (sunt), qui suis facultatibus aut captos a praedonibus redimunt, aut aes alienum suscipiunt amicorum, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 16, 56:

    benefici liberalesque,

    id. Lael. 9, 31; cf.:

    liberalissimi et beneficentissimi,

    id. ib. 14, 51:

    liberalissimus munificentissimusque,

    id. Rosc. Com. 8, 22:

    virtus munifica et liberalis,

    id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:

    largus, beneficus, liberalis,

    id. Deiot. 9, 26.—
    * (β).
    With gen.:

    laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant,

    Sall. C. 7, 6.—
    (γ).
    With in and acc.:

    in omne genus hominum liberalissimus,

    Suet. Vesp. 7. —
    b.
    Of things, plentiful, copious, abundant:

    largum et liberale viaticum,

    Cic. Fl. 6, 14:

    potio,

    Cels. 3, 6:

    liberalius alimentum,

    id. 8, 10, 7.—
    2.
    Noble, engaging, beautiful (ante-class.):

    illarum altera pulcer est et liberalis,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 60:

    lepidā et liberali formast,

    id. ib. 4, 1, 20; id. Ep. 5, 1, 41; id. Pers. 1, 3, 50:

    species,

    id. ib. 4, 3, 76; cf.: liberales dicuntur non solum benigni, sed etiam ingenuae formae homines, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrālĭter, in a manner befitting a freeman, nobly, ingenuously, kindly, courteously, graciously.
    1.
    In gen.:

    homo liberaliter educatus,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:

    eruditi,

    id. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:

    vivere,

    id. Lael. 23, 86:

    servire,

    i. e. properly, Ter. And. 1, 1, 11:

    respondere,

    kindly, courteously, Caes. B. G. 4, 18:

    oratione aliquem prosequi,

    id. ib. 2, 5.—
    2.
    In partic., bountifully, profusely, generously, liberally:

    benigne ac liberaliter,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:

    large et liberaliter,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 88, §

    204: instructus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 61.— Comp.:

    vivo paulo liberalius,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3:

    nec potui accipi liberalius,

    id. Att. 16, 6, 1:

    ille (sal) in cibis paulo liberalius aspersus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 19:

    ubi liberalius malos odimus,

    more abundantly, more heartily, Plin. Pan. 68, 7.— Sup.:

    dotem largiri liberalissime,

    App. M. 10, p. 250, 13:

    liberalissime polliceri,

    Cic. Att. 5, 13, 2.
    2.
    Lībĕrālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Liber or Bacchus: ludi, a festival in honor of Bacchus, = Liberalia (v. infra), Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—Hence, subst.: Lībĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., a festival in honor of Liber, celebrated on the 17 th of March, the day on which youths received the manly toga, Ov. F. 3, 713:

    Liberalium dies, a pontificibus agonium martiale appellatur,

    Macr. S. 1, 4, § 15:

    sacra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, § 22; Calend. Maff. ap. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 411:

    Liberalia tu accusas,

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1:

    Liberalibus litteras accepi tuas,

    id. Fam. 12, 25, 1.—Called also: ludi Liberales: Liberalia Liberi festa, quae apud Graecos dicuntur Dionusia. Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus, Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.; Com. Rel. v. 113 Rib.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Liberalis

  • 13 liberalis

    1.
    lībĕrālis, e, adj. [1. liber], of or belonging to freedom, relating to the freeborn condition of a man.
    I.
    Lit.: liberalis causa or liberale judicium, a suit concerning a person's freedom, v. Dig. 40, 12, 1 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1 sqq.:

    si quisquam hanc liberali caussa manu adsereret,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 4; cf.

    5, 2, 68: manu eas adserat liberali causa,

    id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:

    nam ego liberali illam assero causa manu,

    I formally assert that she is freeborn, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40:

    judicium,

    Quint. 6, 3, 32:

    liberale conjugium,

    a marriage between persons of free condition, Ter. And. 3, 3, 29.—Pleon.:

    ego te hoc triduom numquam sinam in domo esse, quin ego te liberalem liberem,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 53.—
    II.
    Transf., befitting a freeman, gentlemanly, noble, noble-minded, honorable, ingenuous, gracious, kind (syn.: generosus, ingenuus).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ingenium,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; id. Ep. 1, 1, 41:

    artes liberales,

    befitting a freeman, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.: liberalia studia accipimus, quae Graeci eleutheria mathêmata appellant;

    rhetores continebuntur, grammatici, geometrae,

    Dig. 50, 13, 1:

    hae artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometria, musica, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; cf.:

    omnis liberalis et digna homine nobili doctrina,

    id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

    de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint,

    id. Off. 1, 42, 150:

    liberalissima studia,

    id. Arch. 3, 4; id. Cael. 21 52; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:

    spes liberalioris fortunae,

    of a higher, more respectable station, Liv. 22, 26:

    responsum,

    kind, gracious, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; so, liberalibus verbis permulceri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 871 P.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Bountiful, generous, munificent, liberal (syn. munificus):

    liberales (sunt), qui suis facultatibus aut captos a praedonibus redimunt, aut aes alienum suscipiunt amicorum, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 16, 56:

    benefici liberalesque,

    id. Lael. 9, 31; cf.:

    liberalissimi et beneficentissimi,

    id. ib. 14, 51:

    liberalissimus munificentissimusque,

    id. Rosc. Com. 8, 22:

    virtus munifica et liberalis,

    id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:

    largus, beneficus, liberalis,

    id. Deiot. 9, 26.—
    * (β).
    With gen.:

    laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant,

    Sall. C. 7, 6.—
    (γ).
    With in and acc.:

    in omne genus hominum liberalissimus,

    Suet. Vesp. 7. —
    b.
    Of things, plentiful, copious, abundant:

    largum et liberale viaticum,

    Cic. Fl. 6, 14:

    potio,

    Cels. 3, 6:

    liberalius alimentum,

    id. 8, 10, 7.—
    2.
    Noble, engaging, beautiful (ante-class.):

    illarum altera pulcer est et liberalis,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 60:

    lepidā et liberali formast,

    id. ib. 4, 1, 20; id. Ep. 5, 1, 41; id. Pers. 1, 3, 50:

    species,

    id. ib. 4, 3, 76; cf.: liberales dicuntur non solum benigni, sed etiam ingenuae formae homines, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrālĭter, in a manner befitting a freeman, nobly, ingenuously, kindly, courteously, graciously.
    1.
    In gen.:

    homo liberaliter educatus,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:

    eruditi,

    id. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:

    vivere,

    id. Lael. 23, 86:

    servire,

    i. e. properly, Ter. And. 1, 1, 11:

    respondere,

    kindly, courteously, Caes. B. G. 4, 18:

    oratione aliquem prosequi,

    id. ib. 2, 5.—
    2.
    In partic., bountifully, profusely, generously, liberally:

    benigne ac liberaliter,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:

    large et liberaliter,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 88, §

    204: instructus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 61.— Comp.:

    vivo paulo liberalius,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3:

    nec potui accipi liberalius,

    id. Att. 16, 6, 1:

    ille (sal) in cibis paulo liberalius aspersus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 19:

    ubi liberalius malos odimus,

    more abundantly, more heartily, Plin. Pan. 68, 7.— Sup.:

    dotem largiri liberalissime,

    App. M. 10, p. 250, 13:

    liberalissime polliceri,

    Cic. Att. 5, 13, 2.
    2.
    Lībĕrālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Liber or Bacchus: ludi, a festival in honor of Bacchus, = Liberalia (v. infra), Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—Hence, subst.: Lībĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., a festival in honor of Liber, celebrated on the 17 th of March, the day on which youths received the manly toga, Ov. F. 3, 713:

    Liberalium dies, a pontificibus agonium martiale appellatur,

    Macr. S. 1, 4, § 15:

    sacra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, § 22; Calend. Maff. ap. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 411:

    Liberalia tu accusas,

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1:

    Liberalibus litteras accepi tuas,

    id. Fam. 12, 25, 1.—Called also: ludi Liberales: Liberalia Liberi festa, quae apud Graecos dicuntur Dionusia. Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus, Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.; Com. Rel. v. 113 Rib.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > liberalis

  • 14 liberaliter

    1.
    lībĕrālis, e, adj. [1. liber], of or belonging to freedom, relating to the freeborn condition of a man.
    I.
    Lit.: liberalis causa or liberale judicium, a suit concerning a person's freedom, v. Dig. 40, 12, 1 sqq.; Paul. Sent. 5, 1, 1 sqq.:

    si quisquam hanc liberali caussa manu adsereret,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 4; cf.

    5, 2, 68: manu eas adserat liberali causa,

    id. Poen. 4, 2, 84:

    nam ego liberali illam assero causa manu,

    I formally assert that she is freeborn, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40:

    judicium,

    Quint. 6, 3, 32:

    liberale conjugium,

    a marriage between persons of free condition, Ter. And. 3, 3, 29.—Pleon.:

    ego te hoc triduom numquam sinam in domo esse, quin ego te liberalem liberem,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 53.—
    II.
    Transf., befitting a freeman, gentlemanly, noble, noble-minded, honorable, ingenuous, gracious, kind (syn.: generosus, ingenuus).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ingenium,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; id. Ep. 1, 1, 41:

    artes liberales,

    befitting a freeman, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.: liberalia studia accipimus, quae Graeci eleutheria mathêmata appellant;

    rhetores continebuntur, grammatici, geometrae,

    Dig. 50, 13, 1:

    hae artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometria, musica, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; cf.:

    omnis liberalis et digna homine nobili doctrina,

    id. Ac. 2, 1, 1:

    de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint,

    id. Off. 1, 42, 150:

    liberalissima studia,

    id. Arch. 3, 4; id. Cael. 21 52; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:

    spes liberalioris fortunae,

    of a higher, more respectable station, Liv. 22, 26:

    responsum,

    kind, gracious, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4; so, liberalibus verbis permulceri, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 871 P.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Bountiful, generous, munificent, liberal (syn. munificus):

    liberales (sunt), qui suis facultatibus aut captos a praedonibus redimunt, aut aes alienum suscipiunt amicorum, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 2, 16, 56:

    benefici liberalesque,

    id. Lael. 9, 31; cf.:

    liberalissimi et beneficentissimi,

    id. ib. 14, 51:

    liberalissimus munificentissimusque,

    id. Rosc. Com. 8, 22:

    virtus munifica et liberalis,

    id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:

    largus, beneficus, liberalis,

    id. Deiot. 9, 26.—
    * (β).
    With gen.:

    laudis avidi, pecuniae liberales erant,

    Sall. C. 7, 6.—
    (γ).
    With in and acc.:

    in omne genus hominum liberalissimus,

    Suet. Vesp. 7. —
    b.
    Of things, plentiful, copious, abundant:

    largum et liberale viaticum,

    Cic. Fl. 6, 14:

    potio,

    Cels. 3, 6:

    liberalius alimentum,

    id. 8, 10, 7.—
    2.
    Noble, engaging, beautiful (ante-class.):

    illarum altera pulcer est et liberalis,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 60:

    lepidā et liberali formast,

    id. ib. 4, 1, 20; id. Ep. 5, 1, 41; id. Pers. 1, 3, 50:

    species,

    id. ib. 4, 3, 76; cf.: liberales dicuntur non solum benigni, sed etiam ingenuae formae homines, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrālĭter, in a manner befitting a freeman, nobly, ingenuously, kindly, courteously, graciously.
    1.
    In gen.:

    homo liberaliter educatus,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57:

    eruditi,

    id. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:

    vivere,

    id. Lael. 23, 86:

    servire,

    i. e. properly, Ter. And. 1, 1, 11:

    respondere,

    kindly, courteously, Caes. B. G. 4, 18:

    oratione aliquem prosequi,

    id. ib. 2, 5.—
    2.
    In partic., bountifully, profusely, generously, liberally:

    benigne ac liberaliter,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:

    large et liberaliter,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 88, §

    204: instructus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 61.— Comp.:

    vivo paulo liberalius,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3:

    nec potui accipi liberalius,

    id. Att. 16, 6, 1:

    ille (sal) in cibis paulo liberalius aspersus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 19:

    ubi liberalius malos odimus,

    more abundantly, more heartily, Plin. Pan. 68, 7.— Sup.:

    dotem largiri liberalissime,

    App. M. 10, p. 250, 13:

    liberalissime polliceri,

    Cic. Att. 5, 13, 2.
    2.
    Lībĕrālis, e, adj., of or belonging to Liber or Bacchus: ludi, a festival in honor of Bacchus, = Liberalia (v. infra), Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—Hence, subst.: Lībĕrālĭa, ĭum, n., a festival in honor of Liber, celebrated on the 17 th of March, the day on which youths received the manly toga, Ov. F. 3, 713:

    Liberalium dies, a pontificibus agonium martiale appellatur,

    Macr. S. 1, 4, § 15:

    sacra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, § 22; Calend. Maff. ap. Inscr. Orell. II. p. 411:

    Liberalia tu accusas,

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1:

    Liberalibus litteras accepi tuas,

    id. Fam. 12, 25, 1.—Called also: ludi Liberales: Liberalia Liberi festa, quae apud Graecos dicuntur Dionusia. Libera lingua loquemur ludis Liberalibus, Naev. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.; Com. Rel. v. 113 Rib.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > liberaliter

  • 15 Ludius

    1.
    lūdĭus, ĭi, m. [ludus].
    I.
    A stageplayer, pantomimist:

    fite caussā meā ludii barbari,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 63:

    ipse ille maxime ludius, non solum spectator, sed actor et acroama,

    Cic. Sest. 54, 116; id. Har. Resp. 11; Plaut. Aul. 2, 9, 6:

    ludius aequatam ter pede pulsat humum,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 112:

    triviales ex Circo ludios interponebat,

    Suet. Aug. 74; cf. ludio.—
    II.
    A gladiator:

    comitata est Hippia ludium ad Pharon,

    Juv. 6, 82.
    2.
    Lūdĭus, i, m., a false reading for S. Tadius, Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 116.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Ludius

  • 16 ludius

    1.
    lūdĭus, ĭi, m. [ludus].
    I.
    A stageplayer, pantomimist:

    fite caussā meā ludii barbari,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 63:

    ipse ille maxime ludius, non solum spectator, sed actor et acroama,

    Cic. Sest. 54, 116; id. Har. Resp. 11; Plaut. Aul. 2, 9, 6:

    ludius aequatam ter pede pulsat humum,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 112:

    triviales ex Circo ludios interponebat,

    Suet. Aug. 74; cf. ludio.—
    II.
    A gladiator:

    comitata est Hippia ludium ad Pharon,

    Juv. 6, 82.
    2.
    Lūdĭus, i, m., a false reading for S. Tadius, Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 116.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ludius

  • 17 S

    S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.
    I.
    The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);

    in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,

    Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—
    II.
    As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);

    and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,

    Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—
    III.
    As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—
    IV.
    As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—
    V.
    S is interchanged,
    A.
    Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—
    B.
    With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—
    C.
    With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—
    D.
    With x; v. that letter.—
    VI.
    S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —
    VII.
    As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > S

  • 18 s

    S, s, indecl. n. or (agreeing with littera) f.
    I.
    The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding in form to the old Greek S for S (Etruscan in a reversed form,);

    in its nature a sibilant semi-vowel, whose peculiarities were much discussed by the ancients, and are even treated of in a special work by Messala, a contemporary of Augustus (Messala in libro de S littera,

    Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 245).—
    II.
    As an initial and medial it has a hard and sharp sound (which is softened, however, between two vowels), and is therefore joined only with the tenues (c, p, t; cf., on the contrary, the Gr. sbennumi);

    and, as a medial, often written double after long vowels: caussa, cassus, divissiones (these forms, used by Cicero and Vergil, were already uncommon in Quintilian's time,

    Quint. 1, 7, 20; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 283 sq.).—
    III.
    As a final it had a weakened sound, and therefore not only admitted the medial b before it (plebs, urbs, abs; Arabs, chalybs, etc.; v. the letter B), but often entirely disappeared. So in the ante-class. poets down to the early years of Cicero (and also in his own poem, entitled Aratus, written in his youth), before words beginning with a consonant, to avoid position: Ratu' Romulus, Fulviu' Nobilior, gravi' Terra, est sati' bella, Hyperioni' cursum, Virgine' nam sibi, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 161; Quint. 9, 4, 38; and v. Freund, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. 1835, XIII. p. 25 sq.; less freq. before words beginning with a vowel, in which case, to avoid a hiatus, the vowel before s was also elided; vas' argenteis (for vasis argenteis) and palm' et crinibus (for palmis et crinibus); v. Cic. Or. 45, 153. So, too, in the fourth Epitaph of the Scipios (Inscr. Orell. 553), L. CORNELIO L. F. instead of CORNELIOS (cf. a similar elision of the M under that letter). Final s is also elided, and the preceding vowel either dropped with it or weakened, in the forms sat from satis, mage from magis; in the neutr. forms of adjectives of the third declension, acre, agreste, facile (v. the letter E); in the collat. forms of the sec. pers. sing. pass., fatere, fateare, fatebare, etc.; in the gen. sing. of the first, second, and fifth declensions, and in the nom. plur. of the first and second declensions (aurai for aura-is, analog. to reg is, etc.). Lastly, s disappears in the (mostly familiar) collat. forms abin', scin', viden', satin', from abisne, scisne, videsne, satisne, etc.—
    IV.
    As an etymological initial aspirate, s appears in many words whose Greek equivalents begin with a vowel: sal, semi-, serpo, sex, super, sus, corresp. to hals, hêmi-, herpô, hex, huper, us, etc.; si (archaic sei), sero, Segesta, corresp. to ei, ERÔ (whence eirô), Egesta. Less freq. in radical words beginning with a consonant: sculpo corresp. to gluphô, and the derivatives scruta, from grutê, and scrupedae, from kroupeza. To soften the termination, s appears in abs = ab, and ex corresp. to ek.—Very freq., on the contrary, an initial s appears in cognate forms in other languages, where corresp. Latin words have lost the s: Lat. fallo, Gr. sphallô; fungus, Gr. sphongos; fides, Gr. sphidê (comp. also nix with Engl. [p. 1609] snow, nurus with old Germ. snur, daughterin-law); cf. also cutis and scutum; cauda and root sku-, in Goth. skauts, etc.; casa and Gr. skia, skênê; cerno and Gr. krinô for skirnô, skôr, skôria; calumnia and skallô; gradior and root scra-, Germ. schreiten; parco and sparnos; penuria and spanis; pando and spaô; tego and stegô; tono and stonos; taurus and Sanscr. sthūras, Germ. Stier al.; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 277 sqq.—In the middle of a word s is dropped in at from ast.—
    V.
    S is interchanged,
    A.
    Most freq. with r; in partic., an original s, between two vowels, becomes r; v. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; so foederum for foedesum, plurima for plusima, meliorem for meliosem, Lares for Lases, etc.; cf. eram and sum, quaero and quaeso, nasus and naris. Appius Claudius, the censor, is said to have introduced r into the names Furius, Valerius, etc., in place of s, B.C. 312 (v. the letter R, II.).—
    B.
    With d: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus; and, on the other hand, rosa, corresp. to the Gr. rhodon; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 259.—
    C.
    With t: tensus and tentus, resina corresp. to rhêtinê; and, on the contrary, aggrettus for aggressus; mertare, pultare, for mersare, pulsare (perh. also assentor for assensor).—
    D.
    With x; v. that letter.—
    VI.
    S is assimilated before f in the compounds of dis: differo, difficilis, diffluo, etc.; v. 3. dis.— On the other hand, it arises by assimilation from d, in assum, assumo, cessi, for adsum, adsumo, ced-si; from t in fassus, from fateor; from b in jussi, from jubeo; from m in pressi, from premo; from r in gessi, from gero; and dossuarius, from dorsum. —
    VII.
    As an abbreviation, S denotes sacrum, semis, sibi, suis, etc.; S. AS. D., sub asciā dedicavit; S. C., senatusconsultum; perh. also, sententia collegii (Inscr. Orell. 2385); S. P., sua pecunia; S. P. Q. R., Senatus Populusque Romanus, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > s

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  • Andreas Kluten — Andreas Cludius, auch Cluten, Kluten (* 7. November 1555 in Osterode am Harz; † 9. September 1624 ebenda) war ein deutscher Rechtswissenschaftler. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Werke 3 Literatur 4 Weblinks …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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  • Gottlob Christian Klügel — (* 9. Juni 1712 in Zwickau; † 18. November 1794 in Wittenberg) war ein deutscher Jurist. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Familie 3 Werkauswahl …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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