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1 heat
heat [hi:t]1 noun∎ you should avoid excessive heat and cold il faudrait que vous évitiez les trop grosses chaleurs et les trop grands froids;∎ the radiator gives off a lot of heat le radiateur chauffe bien;∎ you shouldn't go out in this heat tu ne devrais pas sortir par cette chaleur;∎ the heat of summer le plus fort de l'été;∎ in the heat of the day au (moment le) plus chaud de la journée;∎ the heat of the day has passed le plus chaud de la journée est passé;∎ I couldn't take the heat of the tropics je ne pourrais pas supporter la chaleur des tropiques;∎ figurative if you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen que ceux qui ne sont pas contents s'en aillent(b) (temperature) température f, chaleur f;∎ heat loss perte f ou déperdition f de chaleur;∎ Cookery turn up the heat mettre le feu plus fort;∎ reduce the heat réduire le feu ou la chaleur;∎ cook at a high/low heat faire cuire à feu vif/doux∎ to turn the heat on allumer ou mettre le chauffage;∎ to turn off the heat éteindre ou arrêter le chauffage;∎ the building was without heat all week l'immeuble est resté toute la semaine sans chauffage(d) (intensity of feeling, fervour) feu m, passion f;∎ she replied with (some) heat elle a répondu avec feu ou avec passion(e) (high point of activity) fièvre f, feu m;∎ in the heat of the argument dans le feu de la discussion;∎ in the heat of the moment dans l'agitation ou l'excitation du moment;∎ in the heat of battle dans le feu du combat∎ the heat is on les choses sérieuses ont commencé;∎ to turn up the heat faire pression, mettre la pression;∎ the mafia turned the heat on the mayor la mafia a fait pression sur le maire;∎ I'm lying low until the heat is off je me tiens à carreau jusqu'à ce que les choses se calment;∎ the new deadline took the heat off him le nouveau délai lui a permis de souffler un peu∎ the heat les flics mpl∎ wine heats the blood le vin échauffe le sang(food, liquid) chauffer; (air, house, room) se réchauffer►► Aviation heat barrier barrière f thermique;Medicine heat bump bouton m de chaleur;Physics heat capacity capacité f calorifique;Physics heat constant constante f calorifique;Technology heat engine machine f ou moteur m thermique;Technology heat exchanger échangeur m de chaleur;Medicine heat exhaustion épuisement m dû à la chaleur;heat haze brume f de chaleur;heat loss perte f ou déperdition f de chaleur;Medicine heat prostration épuisement m dû à la chaleur;Technology heat pump pompe f à chaleur;Medicine heat rash irritation f ou inflammation f due à la chaleur;Aviation heat shield bouclier m thermique;Medicine heat treatment traitement m par la chaleur, specialist term thermothérapie f;Meteorology heat wave vague f de chaleur, canicule f➲ heat upréchauffer(food, liquid) chauffer; (air, house, room) se réchauffer; figurative (situation) se dégrader, s'aggraver -
2 heat capacity
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3 heat capacity
capacité calorifique f, capacité thermique fDictionary of Engineering, architecture and construction > heat capacity
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4 heat capacity
English-French architecture and construction dictionary > heat capacity
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5 specific heat capacity
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6 длительный допустимый ток
- courant permanent admissible, m
- courant admissible, m
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
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7 soil
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8 обеспечение теплом
обеспечение теплом
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
heat supply
The provision of heating fuel, coal or other heating source materials, or the amount of heating capacity, for the use of a municipality, or other heat user. (Source: ISEP)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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FR
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > обеспечение теплом
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9 low
low [ləʊ]1. adjective• in a low voice ( = softly) à voix basse► low inb. ( = depressed) dépriméc. [behaviour] ignoble2. adverba. ( = in low position) [aim, fly] basb. ( = at low volume, intensity, cost) to turn the heating/lights/music down low baisser le chauffage/la lumière/la musique3. nouna. ( = weather system) dépression f4. compounds• to keep sth low-key faire qch de façon discrète ► low-level adjective bas ( basse f) ; [radiation] faible ; [job] subalterne ; [talks, discussions] préparatoire[rates, holiday] pendant la basse saison* * *[ləʊ] 1.1) Meteorology dépression f2.to be at ou have hit an all-time low — être au plus bas
1) ( close to the ground) [branch, building, chair, cloud] bas/basseon low ground — [flood] dans les basses terres; [built] dans une dépression
2) ( nearly depleted) [reservoir, stocks, level] bas/basse; [battery] faible3) ( minimal) [price, wage] bas/basse; [capacity, speed] réduit; [number, rate] faible; [pressure, temperature] bas/basse4) ( inferior) [mark, standard] mauvais5) ( depressed) déprimé6) ( deep) [tone, voice] bas/basse8) Nautical3.1) ( near the ground) [aim] bas; [bend] très basI wouldn't sink ou stoop so low — fig je ne m'abaisserais pas à ce point-là
2) ( near the bottom)very low (down) on the list — fig tout à fait secondaire
3) ( at a reduced level) [speak] basto turn something down low — baisser [heating, light]
4) [sing] bas4.intransitive verb [cow] meugler•• -
10 местное теплоснабжение
местное теплоснабжение
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
local heat supply
The provision of heating fuel, coal or other heating source materials, or the amount of heating capacity, for the use of a specific local community. (Source: ISEP)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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DE
FR
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > местное теплоснабжение
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11 expand
A vtr1 Comm, Fin, gen développer [activity, business, network, provision, range, scope] ; élargir [concept, horizon, knowledge] ; accroître [influence, production, sales, workforce] ; étendre [empire] ; gonfler [lungs, muscles] ;B vi1 [activity, business, provision, sector, skill, town] se développer ; [capacity, population, production, sales] s'accroître ; [market, economy] être en expansion ; [gas, metal] se dilater ; [accommodation, building, institution] s'agrandir ; [chest] se gonfler ; [universe] être en expansion ; heat makes it expand la chaleur le dilate ; the company is expanding into overseas markets Comm la société commence à s'implanter sur les marchés étrangers ;2 ( relax) [person] se détendre.▶ expand (up)on [sth] s'étendre sur [argument, aspect, theory]. -
12 low
A n1 Meteorol dépression f ;2 fig the stock market closed at a record low le marché boursier a été clôturé à son niveau le plus bas ; the economy has hit a low l'économie est dans le creux de la vague ; his popularity has hit a new low sa popularité a atteint son niveau le plus bas ; morale is at an all time low le moral est au plus bas ; the lyrics hit a new low in banality les paroles (de la chanson) atteignent des sommets dans la banalité.B adj1 ( close to the ground) [branch, building, chair, wall, cloud, ground] bas/basse ; the sun is low in the sky le soleil est bas dans le ciel ; there will be flooding on low ground il y aura des inondations à basse altitude ;2 ( nearly depleted) [reservoir, level] bas/basse ; [battery] faible ; our stocks are rather low nos stocks sont plutôt bas ; the fire was getting low le feu était bas ; we're low on skilled staff nous manquons de personnel qualifié ; I'm getting low on petrol je n'ai plus beaucoup d'essence ; these products are low in sugar/fat ces produits contiennent peu de sucre/matière grasse ; the patient is very low le malade est au plus mal or bas ;3 ( minimal) [price, wage] bas/basse ; [capacity, speed] réduit ; [income, number, rate] faible ; [pressure, temperature] bas/basse ; leave the soup on a low heat laissez mijoter la soupe à feu doux ; the temperature was in the low twenties il faisait dans les vingt degrés ;6 ( deep) [note, tone, voice] bas/basse ; in a low voice tout bas ; the sound is too low Radio, TV le son est trop bas ;7 ( disapproved of) ( vulgar) [conversation, humour] peu relevé ; ( base) [action, behaviour] ignoble ; that was a really low thing to do c'était vraiment un sale coup ○ ;C adv1 ( near the ground) [aim, fly, shoot] bas ; [bend, crouch] très bas ; the plane flew low over the desert l'avion survolait le désert à basse altitude ; I wouldn't sink ou stoop so low as to ask him for money fig je ne m'abaisserais pas à lui demander de l'argent ;2 ( near the bottom) it is very low (down) on the list lit c'est tout à fait au bas de la liste ; fig c'est tout à fait secondaire ; look lower down the page regarde plus bas sur la page ;3 ( at a reduced level) [buy] à bas prix ; [speak] bas ; to turn sth down low baisser [heating, light, radio] ; stocks are running low les stocks sont en baisse ; I rate him pretty low je ne le tiens pas en grande estime ;4 ( at a deep pitch) [sing] bas.D vi [cow] meugler.to be the lowest of the low être le dernier des derniers ; to be laid low by être alité par [illness]. -
13 production
production [prə'dʌkʃən](a) (process of producing → of goods) production f, fabrication f; (→ of crops, electricity, heat) production f;∎ the workers have halted production les travailleurs ont arrêté la production;∎ to go into/out of production être/ne plus être fabriqué;∎ the model is now in production le modèle est en cours de production;∎ this model went into/out of production in 1999 on a commencé la fabrication de ce modèle/ce modèle a été retiré de la production en 1999;∎ is it in production yet? est-ce qu'on en a commencé la production?;∎ to move or shift production relocaliser son unité de production(b) (amount produced) production f;∎ an increase/fall in production une hausse/baisse de la production ou du rendement;∎ wine production has increased la production viticole a augmenté(c) (of film) production f; (of play, of radio or TV programme → organization, financing) production f; (→ artistic direction) réalisation f, mise f en scène(d) (show, work of art) & Cinema, Radio, Theatre & Television production f; Art & Literature œuvre f;∎ the RSC's production of 'Macbeth' le 'Macbeth' de la RSC;∎ familiar figurative there's no need to make such a (big) production out of it! il n'y a pas de quoi en faire un plat ou toute une histoire!;∎ Cinema a film with high/low production values un film à gros/petit budget(e) (presentation → of document, passport, ticket) présentation f;∎ on production of this voucher sur présentation de ce bon►► Cinema, Radio, Television & Theatre production assistant assistant(e) m,f de production;Cinema, Radio, Television & Theatre production associate producteur(trice) m,f associé(e);Industry production budget budget m de production;Cinema, Radio, Television & Theatre production buyer responsable mf des achats;production capacity capacité f de production;production car voiture f de série;Cinema, Radio, Television & Theatre production company société f de production;Cinema, Radio, Television & Theatre production control direction f de la production;Cinema, Radio, Television & Theatre production control room salle f de contrôle de production;production cost coût m de production;production department service m (de) production;production director directeur(trice) m,f de production; Journalism directeur(trice) m,f de la fabrication; Television administrateur(trice) m,f de la production;production editor rédacteur(trice) m,f en chef technique;production flowchart organigramme m de production;production leadtime délai m de production;production line chaîne f de fabrication;∎ to work on the production line travailler à la chaîne;production manager directeur(trice) m,f de la production;production meeting conférence f de production;production mixer mélangeur m (de production);production overheads frais mpl généraux de production;production platform plate-forme f de production;production secretary secrétaire mf de production;production switcher mélangeur m (de production);production talkback system réseau m d'ordres, intercom m de production;production team équipe f de production -
14 теплоемкость
теплоемкость
Производная от количества теплоты по температуре в каком-либо термодинамическом процессе
Cx=(dQ/dt)x.
Примечание
В изохорном процессе — «изохорная теплоемкость», в изобарном процессе — «изобарная теплоемкость».
[Сборник рекомендуемых терминов. Выпуск 103. Термодинамика. Академия наук СССР. Комитет научно-технической терминологии. 1984 г.]Тематики
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > теплоемкость
См. также в других словарях:
Capacity for heat — Capacity Ca*pac i*ty (k[.a]*p[a^]s [i^]*t[y^]), n.; pl. {Capacities} ( t[i^]z). [L. capacitus, fr. capax, capacis; fr. F. capacit[ e]. See {Capacious}.] 1. The power of receiving or containing; extent of room or space; passive power; used in… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Capacity for heat — Heat Heat (h[=e]t), n. [OE. hete, h[ae]te, AS. h[=ae]tu, h[=ae]to, fr. h[=a]t hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See {Hot}.] 1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
capacity for heat — Power of absorbing heat • • • Main Entry: ↑capacity … Useful english dictionary
Capacity — Ca*pac i*ty (k[.a]*p[a^]s [i^]*t[y^]), n.; pl. {Capacities} ( t[i^]z). [L. capacitus, fr. capax, capacis; fr. F. capacit[ e]. See {Capacious}.] 1. The power of receiving or containing; extent of room or space; passive power; used in reference to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Heat — (h[=e]t), n. [OE. hete, h[ae]te, AS. h[=ae]tu, h[=ae]to, fr. h[=a]t hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See {Hot}.] 1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Heat engine — Heat Heat (h[=e]t), n. [OE. hete, h[ae]te, AS. h[=ae]tu, h[=ae]to, fr. h[=a]t hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See {Hot}.] 1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Heat producers — Heat Heat (h[=e]t), n. [OE. hete, h[ae]te, AS. h[=ae]tu, h[=ae]to, fr. h[=a]t hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See {Hot}.] 1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Heat rays — Heat Heat (h[=e]t), n. [OE. hete, h[ae]te, AS. h[=ae]tu, h[=ae]to, fr. h[=a]t hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See {Hot}.] 1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Heat weight — Heat Heat (h[=e]t), n. [OE. hete, h[ae]te, AS. h[=ae]tu, h[=ae]to, fr. h[=a]t hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See {Hot}.] 1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Heat capacity — Thermodynamics … Wikipedia
Heat capacity rate — The heat capacity rate is heat transfer terminology used in thermodynamics and different forms of engineering denoting the ability of a fluid to resist change in temperature as heat transfer occurs. It is typically denoted as C, listed from… … Wikipedia