-
1 λογισμός
calculusΕλληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > λογισμός
-
2 λίθος
A stone, Hom., etc.; esp. of the stones thrown by warriors, τρηχὺς λ., λ. ὀκριόεις, Il.5.308, 8.327; also, stonequoit, Od.8.190;ἑλέσθαι.. ἐκ γαίας λίθον A.Fr.199.4
; of building- stones,λίθοι βασιλικοί PSI4.423.28
, PCair.Zen.499.20 (both iii B.C.): prov., ; λίθον ἕψειν 'to lose one's labour', Ar.V. 280; also of stupid persons, 'blockheads', , cf. Thgn.568, Pl.Hp.Ma. 292d, Gal.9.656; λ. τις, ou) dou/lh Herod.6.4; προσηγορεύθη διὰ τὸ μὴ φρονεῖν λ., of Niobe, Philem.101;ὥσπερ λίθον ζῆν Pl.Grg. 494a
sq.; λίθῳ λαλεῖς prov. of ἀναίσθητοι, Macar.5.61.2 stone as a substance, opp. wood, flesh, etc.,ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι λ. χρὼς οὐδὲ σίδηρος Il.4.510
; λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε turned into stone, petrified, 24.611, cf. Pl.Smp. 198c; so [νῆα] θεῖναι λ. Od.13.156
; as an emblem of hard-heartedness, , cf. Theoc.3.18.II λίθος, ἡ, twice in Hom., Il.12.287, Od.19.494, just like masc., also in Theoc.7.26, Bion Fr.1.2: later mostly of some special stone, as the magnet is called Μαγνῆτις λ. by E.Fr. 567 (but ἡ λίθος simply in Democr.11k, Arist.Ph. 267a2, cf. v.l. de An. 405a20); also Λυδία λ. by S.Fr. 800 (but in B.Fr. 10 J. Λυδία λ. = touchstone); Ἡρακλεία λ. by Pl. Ion 533d, Epicur.Fr. 293; so of a touchstone, Pl.Grg. 486d; ἡ διαφανὴς λ. a piece of crystal used for a burning-glass, Ar.Nu. 767, cf. Luc.Alex.21; χυτὴ λ. was perh. a kind of glass, and so an older name for ὕαλος, Epin.1.8 (the same thing as the ἀρτήματα λίθινα χυτά in Hdt.2.69; cf.τὴν ὕαλον.. ὅσα τε λίθων χυτὰ εἴδη καλεῖται Pl.Ti. 61c
); λ. = precious stone is fem. in Hp.Nat.Mul.99, IG22.1421.92, 1460.21, but masc. in Hdt.2.44, etc.; in the sense of marble mostly masc.,λευκὸς λ. Id.4.87
(simplyλίθος 1.164
), S.Fr. 330 (λευκοὶ λ. is opp.πέτρινοι λ. Supp.Epigr.4.446.8
([place name] Didyma));Πάριος λ. Pi.N.4.81
, Hdt.3.57;Ταινάριος λ. Str.8.5.7
; λ. Θάσιος, Αἰγύπτιος, etc., Paus.1.18.6, etc.;κογχίτης Id.1.44.6
;κογχυλιάτης X.An.3.4.10
; butΠαρία λ. Theoc.6.38
, Luc.Am.13; cf. λυχνίας, -ίτης; πώρινος λ. tufa, Hdt.5.62.2 collectively, πέφυκε λίθος.. ἄφθονος, ἐξ οὗ .. X.Vect.1.4.IV at Athens, λίθος, ὁ, was a name for various blocks of stone used for rostra or platforms, as,2 another in the ἀγορά used by the κήρυκες, Plu.Sol.8; prob. the same as ὁ πρατὴρ λ., on which the auctioneer stood when selling slaves, etc., Poll.3.78, cf. 126.3 an altar in the ἀγορά, at which the Thesmothetae, arbitrators, and witnesses took their oaths, Philoch.65, D.54.26 (restored from Harp. s.v. λίθος), Arist.Ath.7.1, 55.5, Plu.Sol.25; cf. λιθωμότης.V piece on a draughtboard, Alc.82, Theoc. 6.18, cf.γραμμή 111.1
: hence pron.,πάντα λίθον κινεῖν Zen.5.63
(who explains it differently).VI Medic., stone in the bladder, calculus, Arist.HA 519b19, Hp.Morb.4.55, al.VII Δία λίθον ὀμνύναι, = Lat. Jovem lapidem jurare, Plb.3.25.6.VIII λίθοι χαλάζης hail- stones, LXX Jo.10.11.IX λ. ὁ οὐ λ. the philosophers' stone, Zos. Alch.p.122 B. -
3 ψῆφος
Aψηφάων Man.4.448
: ([etym.] ψάω):—a small round worn stone, pebble,ψᾶφος ἑλισσομένα Pi.O. 10(11).9
; οὐκ ἂν εἰδείην λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν ib.13.46; ψήφῳ μούνῃ διατετρανέεις, opp. μόγις ἂν λίθῳ παίσας διαρρήξειας, Hdt. 3.12; ψ. ἄμμου a grain of sand, LXXSi.18.10.2 precious stone, gem, Philostr.VA3.27; esp. worn in a ring, Luc.DMeretr.9.II acc. to the various uses made of such pebbles:1 pebble used for reckoning, counter, λογίζεσθαι ψήφοις calculate or reckon by abacus, cipher, Hdt.2.36, etc.: hence to reckon exactly or accurately, opp. ἀπὸ χειρὸς λ., Ar.V. 656 (anap.);οὐ τιθεὶς ψήφους D.18.229
;ἐν ψήφῳ λέγειν A.Ag. 570
;ἐν ψήφου λόγῳ θέσθαι E.Rh. 309
: metaph.,ταῖς τοῦ συμφέροντος ψήφοις μετρεῖν τὰς ἔχθρας καὶ τὰς φιλίας Plb.2.47.5
: hence ψῆφος itself for a cipher, number, πὸτ ἄρτιον (sc. ἀριθμὸν)ποτθέμειν.. ψᾶφον Epich.170
: pl., accounts, καθαραὶ ψ., where there is an exact balance, D.18.227;οἱ περὶ τὰς ψ.
calculators,Alciphr.
1.26;ψήφων ἄπειρος Plu.2.812e
; δακτυλικὴ ψ. reckoning on the fingers, AP11.290 (Pall.); of astrological calculations, Vett.Val.10.15, al.b in Magic, κατέχων τὴν ψ. (i. e. the object on which the number is written) λέγε .. PMag.Par.1.1048, cf. 937.5 pebble used in voting,ψήφῳ ψηφίζεσθαι Hdt.9.55
;ἐὰν μὴ τῇ ψ... ψηφίσωνται κρύβδην ψηφιζόμενοι D.59.89
: hence, the vote itself, ψῆφον φέρειν give one's vote,ἐν καρδίᾳ ψ. φέροντες A.Eu. 680
, cf. And.1.2, D.57.61, etc.;ὑπέρ τινος Lycurg.7
;περί τινος Id.11
, etc.;ψήφου φορά E.Supp. 484
; ψῆφον τίθεσθαι, = ψηφίζεσθαι, Hdt.8.123, cf. 6.57;εἰς τεῦχος.. ψήφους ἔθεντο A.Ag. 816
; c. inf., Hdt.3.73;ψ. προσθέσθαι Th.1.40
; ψήφῳ διαιρεῖν to determine by vote, A.Eu. 630; ψήφῳ κρίνειν, Th.1.87, etc.;μεταλαβὼν τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψ. Pl.Ap. 36b
, cf. Lex ap.D.21.47: in collect. sense, ἐχρῆν.. ψ. περὶ αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι a vote is taken, Antipho 5.47;ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψ. Lys.13.37
;ἡ σῴζουσα ψ. D.19.66
; οἷς ἂν πλείστη γένηται ψ. a majority of votes, Pl.Lg. 759d: τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγειν to put the vote or question, of the president, Th.1.119, 125;ψῆφον δοῦναι περί τινος IG22.222.24
, cf. D.21.188;ψ. ἀναδοὺς περί τινος App.BC1.100
; soψ. περὶ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ προτεθεῖσαν D.19.65
; διένεμον (vv. ll. διενέμοντο, ἔφερον) τὰς ψ. were casting their votes, Hdt.8.123; ὑπὸ ψήφου μιᾶς with one accord, Ar.Lys. 270; ψ. φανερά open voting,ψ. φανερὰν διενεγκεῖν Th.4.74
;τὴν ψ. οὐκ εἰς καδίσκους ἀλλὰ φανερὰν ἐπὶ τὰς τραπέζας τίθεσθαι Lys.13.37
, cf. Pl.Lg. 767d, 855d; opp. ψ. ἀφανής voting by ballot, Aeschin.3.233;κρύβδην τὴν ψ. φέρειν Arist. Rh.Al. 1433a23
, cf. 1424b2, Ath.69.1.b that which is carried by vote, a vote, ψ. καταγνώσεως a vote of condemnation, Th.3.82; ψῆφος αὐτῷ ἐπῆκτο περὶ φυγῆς a vote of banishment was moved for against him, X.An.7.7.57, cf. A.Th. 198;ψήφῳ πόλεως γνωσθεῖσαι Id.Supp.7
(anap.):—hence,c any resolve or decree,ψ. τυράννων S.Ant.60
; λιθίνα ψᾶφος a decree written on stone, Pi.O.7.87; διδοῖ ψᾶφον περ' αὐτᾶς [the oak] gives judgement of itself, Id.P.4.265; ψ. φλεγυρὰ βροτῶν, i. e. public opinion, Cratin.57 (lyr.); τίν' ἂν ψῆφον θεῖο; what judgment.. ? Pl.Prt. 330c, cf. R. 450a;ἡ ἐμὴ ψ. Id.Phlb. 57a
.d Ἀθηνᾶς ψ., calculus Minervae, prov. phrase to express acquittal, when the votes were even, Philostr.VS2.3.e ψ. is sts. omitted,κἂν ἴσαι γένωνται Ar.Ra. 685
(lyr.);πάσαις κρατεῖν Luc.
Bis Acc.18, cf. 22.f Διὸς ψῆφος (ψῆφοι Hsch.
), prov. ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ ἀθίκτων, of the scene of contest betw. Athena and Poseidon, Suid., etc.g Κόννου ψ., negligible quantity, cipher, Ar.V. 675 (anap.), cf. Κοννᾶς.7 metaph., influence,πόλις μεγάλην ψ. ἔχουσα Lib.Or.18.13
.
См. также в других словарях:
Calculus — Cal cu*lus, n.; pl. {Calculi}. [L, calculus. See {Calculate}, and {Calcule}.] 1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
calculus — 1660s, from L. calculus reckoning, account, originally pebble used as a reckoning counter, dim. of calx (gen. calcis) limestone (see CHALK (Cf. chalk)). Modern mathematical sense is a shortening of differential calculus. Also used from 1732 to… … Etymology dictionary
calculus — [kal′kyo͞o ləs, kal′kyələs] n. pl. calculi [kal′kyəlī΄] or calculuses [L: see CALCULATE] 1. any abnormal stony mass or deposit formed in the body, as in a kidney or gallbladder or on teeth: see TARTAR (sense 2) 2. Math. a) any system of… … English World dictionary
Calcŭlus — (lat.), 1) Stein; 2) Stein im Bretspiel; 3) das kleinste Gewicht, ungefähr = 1/2 Ceratium; 4) Berechnung, s. Calcul; 5) die Stimme im Votiren; daher C. Minervae (eigentlich Ἀϑηνᾶς ψῆφος) der weiße Stein bei Stimmengleichheit im Areopag zu Athen,… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Calcŭlus — (lat.), Stein, z. B. zum Spiel, zu Abstimmungen (s. Kalkul), zum Rechnen etc.; daher Error in calculo, Rechnungsfehler. C Minervae, Stein der Minerva, d. h. die bei Stimmengleichheit zu jemandes gunsten den Ausschlag gebende Stimme, von dem… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Calculus — Calcŭlus (lat.), Stein, Rechenstein, Rechnung; error in calculo, Rechenfehler … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Calculus — Calculus, Stein, in der patholog. Anatomie Name verschiedener Concretionen, als Harn , Gallen , Gicht und Venenstein … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
calculus — ► NOUN (pl. calculi or calculuses) 1) the branch of mathematics concerned with finding derivatives and integrals of functions by methods based on the summation of infinitesimal differences. 2) Medicine a stone formed by deposition of minerals in… … English terms dictionary
Calculus — This article is about the branch of mathematics. For other uses, see Calculus (disambiguation). Topics in Calculus Fundamental theorem Limits of functions Continuity Mean value theorem Differential calculus Derivative Change of variables … Wikipedia
calculus — /kal kyeuh leuhs/, n., pl. calculi / luy /, calculuses. 1. Math. a method of calculation, esp. one of several highly systematic methods of treating problems by a special system of algebraic notations, as differential or integral calculus. 2.… … Universalium
Calculus — A stone, as in the urinary tract. Also, the calcium salt deposits on the teeth. The word calculus in Latin means a pebble. Pebbles were once used for counting, from which came the mathematical field of calculus. A urinary calculus is a pebble in… … Medical dictionary